The Simple Present The forms of the simple present The affirmative form of the simple present: I, you, we, they play. He, she, it plays. Remember the verbs in the third person singular (he,she and it) always take an "s". For example, "he plays, she sings,it works..." The use of the simple present: The simple present is used: to give your opinion - I like ice cream. I don't like spicy food. to talk about schedules - The library opens at eight. It doesn't open at 7. to talk about daily habits (routine actions)- Sara eats a cheese for breakfast every day. to give facts - The earth circles the sun. The moon doesn't circle the sun. The spelling of the third person singular form of the simple present: All the verbs take an "s" in the simple present when conjugated in the third person singular (he, she, it) form:Examples: I visit my parents every summer holiday. But my wife visits her parents every weekend. My brother meets his girlfriend everyday. So the rule is: He / she / it + Verb + S There are however some special cases. Here are the spelling rules: Silent e Vowel + y close = play = closes plays note = notes say = says Consonant + y Verbs ending in o study = studies go = goes marry = do = does marries Verbs ending in s, z, sh, tch, ch miss = misses buzz = buzzes hatch = hatches finish = finishes teach = teaches Present Simple Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. The boys play football. My father writes books. She eats noodles every Sunday. You swim in the pool. I walk to school every day. Present Tense Negative Sentences with Action Verbs We will see how to make negative sentences in the present tense. Put "do not" or "does not" before the verb to make a negative sentence in the present tense. 1. I don’t like the food they serve at that restaurant. 2. Jim doesn’t work on Fridays. 3. My friends don’t usually leave so early. Yes/No Questions in the Present Simple To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Do or Does, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence. 1. Do you surf the Internet every day? 2. Does your boss give you positive feedback? 3. Does Jonathan always turn off the lights? What is a verb? verbs are one of the most necessary elements to make a sentence. In fact, without a verb, we cannot have a meaningful sentence. Examples of verbs in Present Simple positive Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The boys play football. My father writes books. She eats noodles every Sunday. You swim in the pool. I walk to school every day. Peter plays games every day. Regular and irregular verbs An English verb can be regular or irregular. Regular verbs form their past and past participle forms by adding –ed. Examples are given below. 1. 2. 3. 4. Walk – walked – walked Dance – danced – danced Paint – painted – painted Work – worked – worked Irregular Verbs Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding 'ed'. Irregular verbs form their past tense and their past participle in a different way. Eg: Base Form - sit; Past Tense - sat; Past Participle - sat Base Form - ring; Past Tense - rang; Past Participle - rung Base Form - come; Past Tense - came; Past Participle – come Prepositions Prepositions connect nouns and pronouns with other words in a sentence. In the following sentences, examples of prepositions have been italicized. 1. I prefer to read in the library. 2. He climbed up the ladder to get onto the roof. 3. Please sign your name on the dotted line after you read the contract. Types of Prepositions Prepositions of Time Basic examples of time prepositions include: at, on, in, before and after. They are used to help indicate when something happened, happens or will happen. I was born on July 4th, 1982. I was born in 1982 For years, months, seasons, centuries and times of day, use the preposition in: I first met John in 1987. It’s always cold in January For days, dates and specific holiday days, use the preposition on. 1. We go to school on Mondays, but not on Sunday 2. Christmas is on December 25th. For times, indicators of exception and festivals, use the preposition at: Families often argue at Christmas time. I work faster at night. Before and after should be much easier to understand than the other examples of prepositions of time. Both are used to explain when something happened, happens or will happen, but specifically in relation to another thing. We will not leave before 3pm. David comes before Bryan in the line, but after Louise. Other prepositions of time could include: During, about, around, until and throughout. The concert will be staged throughout the month of May. I learned how to ski during the holidays. He usually arrives around 3pm. It was about six in the morning when we made it to bed. The store is open until midnight. Prepositions of Place The most common prepositions to indicate time – on, at, in – are also the most common prepositions to indicate position. Prepositions of place examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. The cat is on the table. The dogs are in the backyard. On is used when referring to something with a surface: The sculpture hangs on the wall. At is used when referring to something at a specific point: 1. The boys are at the entrance at the movie theater. Lot’s of other prepositions of place, such as under, over, inside, outside, above and below are used in English. There is, however, a lot less confusion as they refer to rigid positions rather than abstract ones. The cat is under the table. Put the sandwich over there. The key is locked inside the car. They stepped outside the house. Major is ranked above corporal. He is waving at you from below the stairs. Prepositions of Movement They describe how something or someone moves from one place to another. Prepositions of movement examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification. He has gone on vacation to France. She went to the bowling alley every Friday last summer. Across refers to moving from one side to another. Mike travelled across America on his motorcycle. Through refers to moving directly inside something and out the other end. The bullet Ben shot went through the window. Into refers to entering or looking inside something. James went into the room. Up, over, down, past and around indicate directions of movement: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Jack went up the hill. Jill came tumbling down after. We will travel over rough terrain on our way to Grandma’s house. The horse runs around the track all morning. A car zoomed past a truck on the highway synonym a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the language, as happy, joyful, elated. Word Synonym-1 Synonym-2 Synonym-3 Synonym-4 Amazing Incredible Unbelievable Improbable Astonishing Anger Enrage Infuriate Arouse Nettle Beautiful Gorgeous Dazzling Splendid Magnificent Begin Start Open Launch Initiate Opposites What is opposite and example? The definition of opposite is something or someone who is across from you or who is on a di fferent side as you are 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. absent – present bad - good beautiful - ugly before - after begin - end dangerous – safe early - late east – west.
