I
P-
I
I
Expressing Present Tim
I
3- 1 BE + ING: THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENS1
am
is
a
+
-ing (a) I a m ~ M n ig
n class right now.
+ -ing (b) it^ i. &mmwin class right now.
+ -ing (c) You are m'tting in class right now.
In (a): When I say this sentence, I am in dass.
I am sitting. I am not standing. The action
(sitting) is happening right now, and I am
saying the sentence at the same time.
a m , M, are = helping verbs
sitting = the main verb
mn, 6,
are + -in# = the present progressive
tense*
T h e pmcnt progressive is also called rhc "pmcnt continuous" or the "continuous prcscnt."
EXERCISE I-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Practice using the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE by using
amlislare + wearing.
PARTI: Answer questions about what you are wearing today and what your classmates
are wearing.
Example:
TEACHER:Rosa, what are you wearing today?
STUDENT: I'm wearing a white blouse and a blue skirt.
TEACHER:
What is Jin Won wearing?
STUDENT:He's wearing blue jeans and a sweat shirt.
TEACHER: What color is his sweat shirt?
STUDENT:It's gray with red letters.
TEACHER:What else is Jin Won wearing?
STUDENT:He's wearing sneakers, white socks, and a wristwatch. Etc.
PART II: Identify who is wearing particular articles of clothing.
Example: a (blue) shirt
Response: Marco is wearing a blue shirt.
Example: (blue) shirts
Response: Marco and Abdul are wearing blue shirts.
Suggestions:
1. (gold) earrings
2. blue jeans
3. a blouse
EXERCISE 2-ORAL:
4. a (red) blouse
5. (gray) slacks
6. (brown) boots
7. a (black) belt
8 , a necklace
9. running shoes
What are the animals in the following pictures doing?
EXERCISE 3--ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Act out the directions. Describe the actions using
the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
Example:
TEACHER:
STUDENT A:
TEACHER:
STUDENT A:
TEACHER:
STUDENT C:
TEACHER:
STUDENT B:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
L.
,
, ;1
1
Sustain the action during the description.
Smile.
(Student A), please smile. What are you doing?
I'm smiling.
(Student A) and (Student B), please smile. (Student A), what are
you and (Student B) doing?
We're smiling.
(Student C), what are (Student A and Student B) doing?
They're smiling.
(Student A), please smile. (Student B), what is (Student A) doing?
He/She is smiling.
Stand in the middle of the room.
Sit in the middle of the room.
Stand in the back of the room.
Smile.
Stand between ( . . . ) and ( . . . ).
Touch the floor.
Touch the ceiling.
Touch your toes.
Open/Close the door/window.
Close/Open the door/window,
EXERCISE 4-ORAL
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Shakehandswith(...).
Smile at ( . . . ).
Stand up and turn around in a circle.
Hold your book above your head.
Hold up your right hand.
Hold up your left hand.
Touch your right ear with your left hand.
/
Stand up.
Sit down.
$
Clap your hands.
(BOOKS CLOSED): Practice using the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE by
describing what your teacher and classmates are pantomiming, i.e., pretending to do.
.-llThe pantomimist should sustain the action until the oral description is completed.
r.
1 ,%a'
,dl<
-
,
,
Example:
.?
TEACHER:
STUDENT:
k
Example:
TEACHER:
STUDENT A:
TEACHER:
STUDENT A:
TEACHER:
STUDENT B:
..
,.
. <
86
1. eat
2. read
3. sleep
4. write
5.walk
6. run
7, fly
l CHAPTER 3
drink
'
(The teacher pantomimes drinking.) What am I doing? .
You're drinking.
ds$ . ::'
,
drive
(Student A), drive. Pretend to drive.
(The student pantomimes driving.)
What are you doing?
I'm driving.
.
What is ( . . . ) doing?
He/Shels driving.
8. smile
9. laugh
10. cry
11. dance
12. wave
13. push
14, pull
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
.
:
.
,
.+
.,
:
clap
rl
kick
:. .. , ,
.I.~
count
stand in back of ( . . . )
touch ( . . . )
shake hands with ( . . . ).
sit on the floor
.
%.
-
:.
:.:: . . .
-.
.
-.
.J
?
*' .
.
,
*
,
1-2 SPELLING OF -1NG
END OF VERB
Rule 1:
A
CONSONW*
+ -8
+
-1NGFOR.M
+
DROP THE
smik
+
writ0
+
sit
run
+
+
-e and ADD -ing
smiling
writing
sitting
running
Rule 3:
read
rain
Rule 4:
TWO CONSONANTS
stand
push
**
+
reading
raining
+
ADD
+
+
+
-ing; DO NOT DOUBLE THE CONSONANT
standing
pushing
Vowels = a, e, i, o, u.
Consonants=b,c,4f,g,h,j,k,I,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z.
Exception to Rule 2: Do not double w, x, and y.
snow + snowing
fix -r fixing
say + saying
EXERCISE 5: Write the -ing forms for the following words.
1. stand
standina
1 1 . ride
2. smile
12. cut
3. run
13. dance
4. rain
14. put
5. sleep
15. sneeze
6. stop
16. plan
7. write
17. snow
8. eat
18. fix
9. count
19. say
10. wear
20. cry
EXERCISE 6: Write the -in# forms for the following words.
-
-
1. dream
6. hit
2. come
7. hurt
3. look
8. clap
4. take
9. keep
5. bite
10. camp
11. shine
16. pay
12. win
17. study
13. join
18. get
14. sign
19. wait
15. fly
20, write
EXERCISE 7-ORAL:
Practice using the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE to describe actions.
Act out the given directions. Sustain the action until Student B's description
is completed.
STUDENT B: Describe Student A's action using the present progressive.
STUDENT A:
Example:
erase the board
STUDENT A: (Student A sustat'm the action of erasing the board.)
STUDENT B: (
)/He/She is erasing the board.
...
1.
2.
3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
erase the board
draw a picture on the board
sneeze
cough
wave at your friends
sign your name on the board
clap your hands
walk around the room
count your fingers
10. bite your finger
11. hit your desk
12. drop your pen
13. tear a piece of paper
14. break a piece of chalk
15. fall down
16. sing, hum, or whistle
17. sleep
18. snore
19. chew gum
20. (two students) throw and
catch (something in the room)
21. hold your grammar book between your feet
22. carry your book on the top of your head to the
front of the room
EXERCISE &WRITTEN (BOOKS CLOSED): Practice spelling using -ing. As the teacher
performs or pantomimes actions, write descriptions.
Example: wave
TBACHER: (Acts out waving and asks, "What am I doing?'y
Written: waving
5. stand
6. sleep
7. clap
1, smile
2. cry
3. laugh
4. sit
9.
10.
11.
12.
8. write
eat
run
sing
read
13. drink
14. sneeze
15. fly
16. cut (a piece of paper)
I
3-3 THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE: QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWER
PUBSTION
BE
(a)
+
SUBJaCT
Is
Mary
+ 4h'G
sloeping
+
+
+
Are
(b)
YOU
watching TV?
+
+
Q-WORD
+
( c ) Whm.8
(d) w b
BE
+
SUBJECT
is
Mary
are
YOU
+ (LONGANSWER)
Yes, she is. (She's sleeping.)
No, she's not. (She's not sleeping.)
No, she h a t . (She isn't sleeping.)
Yes, l a m . (I'm watching TV.)
No, P m not. (I'm not watching TV.)
+ -ING
sleeping?
watchinp TV?
+
+
On the m f ~(She'
. d sleeping on the sofa.)
Because 1 Eke this pmprem. (I'm
watching TV because I like this program.)
EXERCISE 9: Make questions. Give short answers to yeslno questions.
I. A: What
B: A letter.
2. A:
B: No,
..
ore vou wr~tmo?
(I'mwriting a letter.)
Is Ali rmihg a book?
t.
(Ali isn't reading a book.)
B: Yes,
(Anna is eating lunch.)
4. A: Where
B: At the Red Bird Cafe. (She's eating lunch at the Red Bird Cafe.)
B: No,
(Mike isn't drinking a cup of coffee.)
6. A: What
B: A cup of tea. (He's drinking a cup of tea.)
B: No,
.
(The girls aren't playing in the street.)
8. A: Where
B: In the park. (They're playing in the park.)
9. A: Why
B: Because they don't have school today. (They're playing in the park because they
don't have school today.)
10. A: Hi, kids.
. (We aren't drawing pictures with our
B: No,
crayons.)
A: Oh? Then what
B: Maps to our secret place in the woods. (We're drawing maps to our secret place
in the woods.)
A: Why
Because we have a buried treasure at our secret place in the woods. (We're
drawing maps because we have a buried treasure at our secret place in the
woods.)
EXERCISE lo-ORAL (BOOKS CLOSED): Practice yeslno questions using the PRESENT
The teacher will hand out slips of paper on which are written the
directions in Exercise 4 on page 86.
PROGRESSIVE.
STUDENT A:
STUDENT B:
Pantomime the directions on your slip of paper.
Ask Student A or another classmate a yeslno question using the present
progressive.
Example:
drive (written on a shp of paper)
(Student A pantomimes driving.)
Are you driving?
Yes, I am.
STUDENTA:
STUDENT B:
STUDENT A:
OR
STUDENT B:
STUDENT C:
(Student C), is (Student A) driving?
Yes, helshe is.
EXERCISE 1 1 : Make questions with where, why, and what.
1. A:
..
What are YOU wrltmng?
B: A letter. (Im
'
writing a letter.)
2. A:
B: Because I'm happy. (I'm smiling because I'm happy.)
3. A:
B: My grammar book. (I'm reading my grammar book.)
4. A:
B: Because we're doing an exercise. (I'm reading my grammar book because we're
doing an exercise.)
3.
A:
B: In the back of the room. (Roberto is sitting in the back of the room.)
6. A:
B: Downtown. (I'm going downtown.)
7. A.
B: Because I need to buy some shoes. (I'm going downtown because I need to buy
some shoes.)
8. A:
B: Blue jeans and a sweatshirt. (Akihiko is wearing blue jeans and a sweatshirt
today.)
.
.
STATEMENTS:
(a) I metin class e m y day.
(b) I am sitting in class right now.
( c ) The teacher writea on the board on euev day.
(d) The teacher fs dting on the board light now.
The SIMPLE PRESENT expresses habits or usual
activities, as in (a), (c), and (e).
~
actions
The PRESENT P R O G R ~ S Sexpresses
that are happening right now, while the
speaker is speaking, as in (b), (d), and (f).
The SIMPLE PRESENT uses & and d m as
helping verbs in questions.
The PRESENT PROGRessIVa we8 lltn, kr8Ild
are in questions.
QVBSTIONS:
( e ) Do you sit in class every day?
( f ) Are you sitting in dass right now?
(g) Does the teacher &to on the board every day?
(h) Ia the teacher wtfting on the board right now?
NBGATTVES:
( i ) I don't sit in class every day.
.'
( j ) I'm not sitting in class right now.
''
,
(k) The teacher &ear? wdte on the board every day
( I ) The teacher h ' t writing on the board right now.
The SIMPLE PRESENT uses & and d w a as
helping verbs in negatives.
The PRESENT PROGRESSIVE uses am,is, and
are in negatives.
EXERCISE 12: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses.
1 . I (walk)
wdk
don't take
2 . I (read)
to school every day. I (take, not)
the bus.
the newspaper every day. I (read, not)
my grammar book every day.
right now?
3. A: What (you, read)
B: I (read)
4. Robert (cook)
.., , i
my grammar book.
his own dinner every evening.
rice
5. Right now Robert is in his kitchen. He (wok)
,and beans for dinner.
,.
meat.
6. Robert is a vegetarian. He (eat, not)
your own dinner every day?
7. (you, wok)
8 . A: (you, want)
your coat?
B: Yes.
A: (be, this)
your coat?
in the closet.
B: No, my coat (hand
9. A: (Tom, have)
a black hat?
B: Yes.
it every day?
A: (he, wead
B: No.
it right now?
A: (he, wear)
. Why do you care about
B: I (kno~v,not)
Tom's hat?
A: I found a hat in my apartment. Someone left it there. I (think)
that it belongs to Tom.
10. Ahmed (talk)
(taw
11. Yoko and Ahmed (sit)
often (hew
Yoko (help)
to his classmates every day in class. Right now he
to Yoko.
next to each other in class every day, so they
each other with their grammar exercises. Right now
Ahmed with an exercise on present verb tenses.
12. It (rain)
a lot in this city, but it (rain, not)
right now. The sun (shine)
. (it,
a lot
rain)
in your hometown?
13. A: Hello?
B: Hello. This is Mike. Is Tony there?
A: Yes, but he can't come to the phone right now. He (eat)
dinner. Can he call you back in about ten minutes?
B: Sure. Thanks. Bye.
A: Bye.
14. Tony's family (eat)
dinner at the same time every day. During
the children talk
dinner time, Tony's mother (let, not)
on the phone.
15. A: What are you doing? (you, work)
your English paper?
on
. I (write)
B: No, I (study, not)
a letter to my sister.
A: (you, write)
to her often?
,,
.I
B: I (write, not)
a lot of letters to anyone.
A: (she, write)
to you often?
a letter from her about once a week. (you, write)
B: Yes. I (get)
8- !
a lot of letters?
A: Yes. I (like)
to write letters.
16. Olga Bums is a pilot for an airline company in Alaska. She (fly)
almost every day. Today she (fly)
from Juno to Anchorage.
17. A: Where (the teacher, stand, usually)
every day?
:1
'
B: She usually (stand)
A: Where (she, stand)
)
94
i
CHAPTER 3
.
.
,, .
today?
in the middle of the room.
B: She (smnd)
.
in the front of the room every day.
;
18. A: Excuse me. (you, wait)
downtown bus?
for the
.
B: Yes, I (be)
Can I help you?
A: Yes. What time (the bus, stop)
B: Ten thirty-five.
here?
19. A: (animals, dream)
?
B: I don't know. I suppose so. Animals (be, not)
very
different from human beings in lots of ways.
. Her eyes (beJ
A: Look at my dog. She (sleep)
closed. At the same time, she (yip)
--
her head and her front legs. I (be)
and (move)
sure that she
A
T
-
(dream)
right now. I'm sure that
@,
",!
animals (dream)
( a ) I'm hungry right now. I want an apple.
(INCORRECT: l a m wanting an apple.)
(b) I hear a siren. Do you hear it too?
(MCORRECT: I'm hearing a siren. Are you
hearing it too?)
Some verbs are NOT used in the present progressive.
They are called "nonaction verbs." In (a): Want is a
nonaction verb. Want expresses a physical or
emotioml need, not an action. In @): Hear is a
nonaction verb. Hear expresses a sensory experience,
not an action.
NONACTION VERBS
want
need
like
loere
hear
see
smell
taste
understand
know
believe
think (meaning believe)*
hate
*Sometimesthink is used in progressive tenses. See Chart 3-10 for a discussion of think about and dink that.
EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 2)
H
95
EXERCISE 13: Use the words in parentheses to complete the sentences. Use the SIMPLE
PRESENT or the PRESENT PROGRESSIVE.
is reading
1. Alice is in her room right now. She (read)
She (like)
YIYI~
likes
a book.
the book.
2. It (snow)
right now. It's beautiful! I pike)
this weather.
3. I (know)
Jessica Jones. She's in my class.
4. The teacher (talk)
to us right now. I (understana/
everything she's saying.
5. Don is at a restaurant right now. He (eat)
the food. It (kvte)
(like)
L.
.
;..
6. (Sniff-sniff). I (smelo
. ,'
dinner. He
good.
gas. (you, smeN)
his story. I (think)
8. Ugh! That cigar ( s d )
that his story is m e .
terrible.
9. Look at the picture. Jane (sit)
in
a chair. A cat (sit)
..
. , .hr$
eF.. . > , .*.
i
, ~.
;
. . ~. .
Jane (hate).
on her lap.
the cat.
,
~
lo. ~ o i k kthe
t picture. Mr. Allen (hold)
.
. .
,
,. , . . : .
~
a cat. He (loue)
, ,, ,.
1
,
I. :
,:
I:.1./,
,
,
the cat. The cat (tick)
Mr. Allen's face.
&
e
)-6 SEE, LOOK AT, WATCH, HEAR, AND LISTEN TO
SEE, LOOK AT, and WATCH
(a) I see many things in this room.
,.,.&A.
..rb. Seeing
In (a): see :
happens because my eyes are open. Seeing is a
physical reaction, not a planned action.
(b) I'm lookina at the clock. I want to know the time.
In (b): look at = an action verb. Looking is a
planned or purposeful action. Looking
happens for a reason.
( c ) Bob is watchinp TV.
In (c): watch = an action verb. I watch
something for a long time, but I look at
something for a short time.
HEM and USTEN TO
(d) I'm in my apartment. I'm trying to study. I
hear music from the next apartment. The
music is loud.
In (d): hear = a nonaction verb. Hearing is
an unplanned act. It expresses a physical
reaction.
(e) I'm in my apartment. I'm studying. I have a
tape recorder. I'm listsning to music. I like
to Listen to music when I study.
In (e): listen (to) = an a d o n verb. Listening
happens for a purpose.
EXERCISE 14-ORAL:
Answer the questions.
1. What do you see in this room?
Now look at something. What are you looking at?
2. ll.un to page 85 of this book. What do you see?
Now look at one thing on that page. What are you looking at?
3. Look at the floor. What do you see?
4. Look at the chalkboard. What do you see?
5. What programs do you like to watch on TV?
6. What sports do you like to watch?
7. What animals do you like to watch when you go to the zoo?
8. What do you hear right now?
9. What do you hear when you walk down the street?
10. What do you hear at night in the place where you live?
11. What do you listen to when you go to a concert?
12. What do you listen to when you go to a language laboratory?
EXPRESSING PRESENT TIME (PART 2)
H
W