Đề thi cuối kì và giữa kì
Các e chỉ cần học test bank này, đi thi sẽ trúng
Cô Vũ Thị Thanh Hương
-
Luôn có 2 đề
-
Đề gồm 3 phần, Phần 1 MC+TF, phần 2 điền concepts, phần 3 essay (50%)
-
Giữa kì 40p, cuối kì 60p
Essay giữa kì:
1. schooling is equality or inequality
First, it's important to acknowledge that education plays a crucial role in shaping
individuals' life chances and opportunities. From a functionalist perspective, schooling is
viewed as a meritocratic system that rewards individuals based on their abilities and
qualifications. In this view, schools provide equal opportunities for all students to develop
their skills and knowledge, and individuals are rewarded accordingly in the form of better
job prospects and social mobility. This perspective emphasizes the belief that everyone has
an equal chance to succeed through education.
However, conflict theorists argue that schooling can perpetuate social inequalities rather
than promoting equality. They highlight the unequal distribution of resources and
opportunities within the education system, which can result in disparities in educational
outcomes. For instance, schools in affluent neighborhoods tend to have better funding,
resources, and quality teachers, leading to higher academic achievement among students in
those areas. Conversely, schools in low-income communities often face resource shortages,
inadequate facilities, and a lack of qualified teachers, contributing to lower educational
outcomes for students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Furthermore, conflict theorists emphasize the role of the hidden curriculum in reproducing
social inequalities. The hidden curriculum refers to the implicit messages and values
transmitted through schooling that reflect and reinforce the existing social order. This can
include cultural norms, behaviors, and attitudes that align with the dominant social group,
often disadvantaging students from marginalized backgrounds who may not possess the
same cultural capital.
Additionally, sociologists have identified the presence of tracking or streaming within
educational systems, where students are separated into different academic paths based on
perceived ability or performance. This can lead to the perpetuation of inequality, as students
from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to be placed in lower tracks with limited
opportunities for advancement.
It's important to note that while schools can perpetuate inequalities, they also have the
potential to challenge and disrupt them. Education policies and initiatives aimed at reducing
disparities, promoting inclusive practices, and providing additional support to marginalized
students can help address some of the inequalities present within the education system.
In conclusion, the issue of whether schooling represents equality or inequality is a complex
one. While functionalists argue that schools provide equal opportunities for all, conflict
theorists emphasize the ways in which schools can reinforce existing social inequalities.
The reality is that schooling can both contribute to and challenge social inequalities, and
ongoing efforts are needed to ensure that education systems promote more equitable
outcomes for all students.
2. Explain why applying the sociological perspective can make us
seem less in control of our lives. In what ways does it actually
give us greater power over our lives?
Applying the sociological perspective can make us seem less in control of our lives because
there are:
1. Less control due to social structures: The sociological perspective highlights the role of
social structures, such as institutions, norms, and systems, in shaping our behavior and
opportunities. These structures can act as constraints on our choices and actions. For
example, economic systems and labor markets determine job opportunities and income
levels, while educational systems can create barriers or provide opportunities for social
mobility. Recognizing the influence of these structures can make us feel less in control
of our lives, as they may limit our options and paths.
2. Influence of socialization: Sociological analysis emphasizes the impact of socialization
processes on our beliefs, values, and behaviors. From a young age, we are socialized
into society's norms, expectations, and roles, which can shape our attitudes and actions.
This socialization can make us feel less in control, as it suggests that our thoughts and
behaviors are shaped by external factors beyond our individual control.
3. Intersectionality and multiple social identities: The sociological perspective highlights
the intersectionality of social identities, such as race, gender, class, and sexuality, and
their influence on our experiences and opportunities. These intersecting identities can
expose us to different forms of privilege and oppression, affecting our choices and life
outcomes. Understanding this intersectionality can make us realize that our experiences
are not solely determined by our individual efforts but are influenced by the social
categories we belong to.
However, applying the sociological perspective also provides us with greater power and agency
in the following ways:
1. Awareness of social forces: By understanding the social forces at play, we become more
aware of the structural factors that influence our lives. This awareness enables us to
critically analyze and challenge oppressive systems and inequalities, fostering a sense
of emp owerment and a desire for social change.
2. Collective action: Sociological analysis emphasizes the power of collective action and
social movements in challenging social injustices and advocating for change.
Recognizing that our individual experiences are connected to broader social issues, we
can join forces with others to bring about meaningful transformations in society.
3. Critical thinking and decision-making: The sociological perspective encourages critical
thinking by examining social phenomena from multiple angles. It allows us to question
taken-for-granted assumptions and norms, empowering us to make more informed
decisions that align with our values and goals.
4. Policy and social change: Sociological research contributes to evidence-based policymaking and social interventions. It provides insights into the social causes of problems
and suggests strategies for addressing them, giving individuals and communities the
power to advocate for policy changes and create positive social transformations.
In summary, while adopting the sociological perspective may initially make us feel less in
control of our lives due to the recognition of social influences, it ultimately provides us with
greater power by raising our awareness, promoting collective action, enhancing critical
thinking, and facilitating social change. It empowers individuals to challenge inequalities, work
towards social justice, and take control of their lives within the broader context of society.
Essay cuối kì:
1. Traditional family
2. Does our society give men more freedom than women? Why or why not?
TEST BANK
Chap 1 :
1, Sociology is the systematic study of
human society
2, According to Durkheim, a lack of social integration in society causes
a high suicide rate.
3, Which of the following is not one of the benefits of the sociological perspective?
It helps us understand that common sense is more important than research findings.
4, A sociologist studying homelessness from a structural-functional approach would probably
focus on
how changes in parts of society are related to homelessness.
5, From a social-conflict perspective, which of the following is an example of women's
subordinate position in the United States?
sexual harassment
6, The way of understanding based on science is called
positivism.
7, A statement of how and why specific facts are related is called
a theory.
8, Which approach focuses on how society is experienced and how individual behavior
changes from one situation to another?
The symbolic-interaction approach
9, Which point of view focuses on inequality and conflict between women and men?
gender-conflict approach
10, Which of the following social scientists founded Hull House?
Jane Addams
1, Karl Marx coined the term sociology.
Auguste Comte
F
2, Using the sociological perspective means seeing the strange in the familiar.
T
3, One reason for the increasing proportion of people of African descent in professional sports
is that athletic performance can be accurately measured and is not influenced by racial
prejudice.
T
4, There are four major theoretical approaches within the discipline of sociology.
F.
5, Robert Merton argued that manifest functions are the recognized and intended
consequences of any social pattern.
T
6, The chief characteristic of the social-conflict approach is its vision of society as stable and
orderly.
F
inequalities
7, Structural-functional theories might explain the high rate of divorce by looking at society's
basic inequalities between males and females.
F
8, The global perspective is the study of the larger world and our society's place in it.
T
9, The sociological perspective helps us live in a diverse world.
T
10, C. Wright Mills saw sociology as the product of a three-stage historical development.
F
1. Sociology is the systematic study of human society.
2. High-income countries are nations with very productive economic systems in which most
people have relatively high incomes.
3. Global perspective is the study of the larger world and our society's place in it.
4. Middle-income countries are nations with moderately productive economic systems in
which people's incomes are about the global average.
5. Low-income countries are nations with less productive economic systems in which most
people are poor.
6. Positivism is a way of understanding based on science.
7. Theory is a statement of how and why specific facts are related.
8. Theoretical approach is a basic image of society that guides thinking and research.
9. Structural-functional approach is a framework for building theory that sees society as a
complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability.
10. Social Structure is any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.
11. Social functions are the consequences of any social pattern for the operation of society as
a whole.
12. Manifest functions are the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern.
13. Latent functions are the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern.
14. Social dysfunction is any social pattern that might disrupt the operation of society.
15. Social-conflict approach is a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena
of inequality that generates conflict and change.
16. Symbolic-interaction approach is a framework for building theory that sees society as the
product of the everyday interactions of individuals.
17. Stereotype is an exaggerated description applied to every person in some category.
18. Sociological perspective is the special point of view of sociology that sees general patterns
of society in the lives of particular people.
19. Gender-conflict approach is a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict
between women and men.
20. Feminism is the advocacy of social equality for women and men.
21. Race-conflict approach is a point of view that focuses on inequality and conflict between
people of different racial and ethnic categories.
Chap 2
1. This researcher conducted an experiment to test the hypothesis that once inside a prison,
even emotionally healthy people are prone to violence.
Philip Zimbardo
2. The American Sociological Association requires that sociologists adhere to all of the
following except
being allowed to use any means necessary in conducting their research projects.
3. An experiment conducted at the Western Electric Company concluded that
the awareness of being studied can change a subject's behavior.
4. A goal of science is to discover how variables are related. According to the text, which of
the following are two ways to discover how variables are related?
Cause-and-effect and correlation
5._______ is the study of society that focuses on the need for social change.
Critical sociology
6. Which of the following is not one of the 10 steps in sociological investigation?
Will I be biased?
7. Reasoning that transforms specific observations into general theory is
inductive logical thought.
8. Which of the following are the two ways in which theory and research are linked?
deductive logical thought and inductive logical thought
9. The logic of science is most clearly found in the _______, a research method for
investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions.
experiment
10.__________ means actually measuring exactly what one intends to measure;
__________ is the extent to which a repeated measurement yields the same result time after
time.
Validity; reliability
1. Margrit Eichler was a sociologist who examined five ways in which gender can shape
research.
T
2. Interpretive sociology states that researchers should focus on the meanings people attach to
their social world when studying society.
T
3. Weber cautioned researchers to be value-free so they can accept the results of their
investigations, whatever they may be.
T
4. Sociological investigation starts with two requirements: use the sociological perspective
and be curious and ask questions.
T
5. Differences in the behavior of females and males reflect human nature.
F
6. To operationalize a variable means to determine the value of a variable in a specific case.
F
specifying what to measure before assigning a value to a variable
7. A control group typically gets a placebo, a treatment that the members of the group think is
the same but really has no effect on the experiment.
T
8. Good sampling offers considerable savings in time and expense.
T
9. One of the weaknesses of using existing data is that it can be costly and time-consuming.
F
10. Lois Benjamin used survey research to investigate the effects of racism on talented
African American men and women.
T
1. Science is a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation.
2. Scientific sociology is the study of society based on systematic observation of social
behavior.
3. Empirical evidence is information we can verify with our senses.
4. Concept is a mental construct that represents some part of the world in a simplified form.
5. Variable is a concept whose value changes from case to case.
6. Measurement is a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case.
7. Operationalizing a variable is specifying exactly what one is to measure before assigning a
value to a variable.
8. Reliability is consistency in measurement.
9.
Validity is precision in measuring exactly what one intends to measure.
10. Cause and effect is a relationship in which change in one variable (the independent
variable) causes changes in another (the dependent variable).
11. A(n) Independent variable is a variable that causes change in another variable.
12. A(n) dependent variable is a variable that is changed by another variable.
13. Correlation is a relationship in which two (or more) variables change together.
14. Spurious correlation is an apparent, although false, relationship between two (or more)
variables caused by some other variable.
15. Control is holding constant all variables except one in order to see clearly the effect of that
variable.
16. Objectivity is personal neutrality in conducting research.
17. Replication is repetition of research conducted by other investigators.
18. Interpretive sociology is the study of society that focuses on the meanings people attach to
their social world.
19. Critical sociology is the study of society that focuses on the need for social change.
20. Gender refers to the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to
being male or female.
21. Research method is a systematic plan for conducting research.
22. Experiment is a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled
conditions.
23. Hypothesis is an unverified statement of a relationship between variables.
24. The Hawthorne effect is a change in a subject's behavior caused simply by the awareness
of being studied.
25. Survey is a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or
questions in a questionnaire or an interview.
26. Population refers to the people who are the focus of research.
27. Sample is a part of the population that represents the whole.
28. Questionnaire is a series of written questions a researcher presents to subjects.
29. Interview is a series of questions a researcher administers in person to subjects.
30. Participant observation is a research method in which investigators systematically observe
people while joining them in their routine activities.
31. Inductive logical thought is reasoning that transforms specific observations into general
theory.
32. Deductive logical thought is reasoning that transforms general theory into specific
hypotheses suitable for testing.
Chap 3
1.Culture includes
the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's
way of life.
2. Which of the following does not help to generate cultural change?
Death //invention,
discovery, diffusion
3. The __________ views culture as a relatively stable system built on core values.
structural-functional approach
4. Arguments supporting multiculturalism include all of the following except:
making English the official language of the United States.
5. All of the following are artifacts except
values.
6. Which of the following items does sociologist Robin Williams not consider a key value in
U.S. culture?
Speaking only English in public
7. Which of the following is not one of the limitations to the global culture thesis?
Global Internet access is not available to everyone.
8. Which of the following groups is not or has not been considered part of a counterculture in
American society?
Members of the Democratic party
9. _______ are norms for routine or casual interaction.
Folkways
10. All of the following are elements of culture except
the environment.
1. Sociobiology rests on the theory of evolution.
T
2. One dominant criticism of the Sapir-Whorf thesis is that while we do not fashion reality out
of our symbols, evidence does support the idea that language determines reality.
F
3. Mores are norms for routine or casual interaction.
F
4. Joke-telling is a cultural universal that provides a safe way to release social tension.
T
5. The United States is the most multicultural of all the high-income countries in the world.
T
6. Social-conflict analysis largely ignores diversity within a society.
F
7. Material culture is a reflection of a society's technology.
T
8. Some values are inconsistent and even contradict each other.
T
9. Like all elements of culture, values change over time.
T
10.New information technology does not help generate culture.
F
1. Culture is the values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together form a people's
way of life.
2. Nonmaterial culture is the ideas created by members of a society.
3. Material Culture is the physical things created by members of a society.
4. Culture Shock is personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life.
5. Symbols are anything that carry a particular meaning recognized by people who share a
culture.
6. Language is a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another.
7. Cultural transmission is the process by which one generation passes culture to the next.
8. The Sapir-Whorf thesis is the thesis that people perceive the world through the cultural lens
of language.
9. Values are culturally defined standards by which people assess desirability, goodness, and
beauty, and that serve as broad guidelines for social living.
10. Beliefs are specific statements that people hold to be true.
11. Norms are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.
12. Mores are norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance.
13. Folkways are norms for routine or casual interaction.
14. Social control is the various means by which members of a society encourage conformity
to norms.
15. Technology is knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundings.
16. High culture is cultural patterns that distinguish a society's elite.
17. Popular culture is cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population.
18. Subculture is cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population.
19. Multiculturalism is an educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the
United States and promoting the equality of all cultural traditions.
20. Eurocentrism is the dominance of European (especially English) cultural patterns.
21. Afrocentrism is the dominance of African cultural patterns.
22. Counterculture is cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a
society.
23. Cultural integration is the close relationships among various elements of a cultural system.
24. Cultural lag refers to the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others,
disrupting a cultural system.
25. Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own
culture.
26. Cultural relativism is the practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards.
27. Cultural universals are traits that are part of every known culture.
28. Sociobiology is a theoretical paradigm that explores ways in which human biology affects
how we create culture.
Chap 4
1. Which of the following are not examples of hunting and gathering societies?
Various societies today in New Guinea and other Pacific Islands
2. Which sociologist developed the term sociocultural evolution to explain the changes that a
society goes through with increased technology?
Lenski
3. The idea that modern society's technological power and greater personal freedom come at
the cost of declining morality and the rising risk of anomie is
Durkheim's dilemma.
4. Which of the following is not one of the ways that capitalism alienates workers?
Alienation from a sense of community in general
5. Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of rational social organization?
alienation
6. Who stated that the most significant form of social conflict is class conflict originating
from the way a society produces material goods?
Marx
7. The settlement pattern of cities becoming common but generally containing only a small
proportion of the population is characteristic of which type of society?
agrarian
8. The population size is "millions of people" for all of the following types of societies except:
horticultural and pastoral.
9. __________ is a system by which people share more-or-less equally in the production of
food and other material goods.
Communism
10. __________ is social integration based on specialization and interdependence.
Organic solidarity
1. Hunting and gathering societies depend on families.
T
2. Domesticating animals and plants increased food production so societies could support
hundreds of people instead of dozens.
T
3. Sociologist Daniel Bell coined the term postindustrialism to refer to the production of
information using computer technology.
T
4. Durkheim's great insight was recognizing that society does not exist beyond ourselves.
F
5. Modernity is more focused on functional interdependence than moral consensus.
T
6. Marx states that bureaucracies do not treat people as unique individuals but rather as a
series of cases.
F
7. Weber argues that anomie, a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to
individuals, is a characteristic of modern societies.
F
8. Agrarian societies were characterized by dramatic social inequality.
T
9. Occupational specialization became most important in agrarian societies.
F
10. Proletarianism is the struggle between segments of society over valued and scarce
resources.
F
1. Society is people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture.
2. Sociocultural evolution is Lenski's term for the changes that occur as a society acquires
new technology.
3. Hunting and gathering is the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation.
4. Horticulture is the use of hand tools to raise crops.
5. Pastoralism is the domestication of animals.
6. Agriculture is large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful
energy sources.
7. Industrialism is the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large
machinery.
8. Postindustrialism is technology that supports an information-based economy.
9. Social conflict is the struggle between segments of society over valued resources.
10. Capitalists are people who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of
profit.
11. Proletarians are people who sell their productive labor for wages.
12. Social institutions are major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, organized to
meet human needs.
13. False consciousness is Marx's term for explanations of social problems as the
shortcomings of individuals rather than as the flaws of society.
14. Class conflict is conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society's wealth
and power.
15. Class consciousness is Marx's term for workers' recognition of themselves as a class
unified in opposition to capitalists and, ultimately, to capitalism itself.
16. Alienation is the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness.
17. Ideal type is an abstract statement of the essential characteristics of any social
phenomenon.
18. Tradition refers to sentiments and beliefs passed from generation to generation.
19. Rationality is a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of
the most efficient means to accomplish a particular task.
20. Rationalization of society is Weber's term for the historical change from tradition to
rationality as the dominant mode of human thought.
21. Anomie is Durkheim's designation of a condition in which a society provides little moral
guidance to individuals.
22. Mechanical solidarity is Durkheim's term for social bonds based on common sentiments
and shared moral values that are strong among members of preindustrial societies.
23. Organic solidarity is Durkheim's term for social bonds based on specialization and
interdependence that are strong among members of industrial societies.
24. Division of labor refers to specialized economic activity.
Chap 5
1. In the rhesus monkey study conducted by Harry and Margaret Harlow, the researchers
concluded that
isolation caused irreversible emotional and behavioral damage to the monkeys.
2. Studies of isolated children in infancy show us that
social isolation in infancy causes permanent developmental damage.
3. The stage at which children begin to use language and other symbols is called the
preoperational stage.
4. Which of the following is not one of Erikson's stages of human development?
late adulthood
5. According to Freud, the _______ represents the human being's basic drives.
id
6. All of the following are among Kohlberg's stages of moral development except
pastconventional level.
7. The importance of this agent of socialization typically peaks during adolescence.
Peer groups
8. Mead's central concept is the _______, the part of an individual's personality composed of
self-awareness and self-image.
self
9. John B. Watson developed a theory called __________ that argues that behavior is not
instinctive but learned.
behaviorism
10. When schools informally teach students about the value of competition and showcase, this
is referred to as
the hidden curriculum.
1. Carol Gilligan compared the moral development of girls and boys and concluded that males
and females use different standards of rightness.
T
2. According to George Herbert Mead, the key to developing the self is learning to take the
role of the other.
T
3. Survey data show that the average household has at least one television set turned on for
seven hours each day.
T
4. Total institutions are primarily concerned with helping inmates with their anticipatory
socialization skills.
F
5. Margaret Mead used the term looking-glass self to explain that we see ourselves how we
imagine others see us.
F
6. Each stage of the life course (childhood, adulthood, old age) is socially constructed in the
same way from society to society.
F
7. Studies conclude that children tend to play in groups made up of one race and gender.
T
8. Wealthy parents, in comparison to low-income parents, are more likely to provide their
children with cultural capital that advances learning and instills a sense of confidence that
their children will succeed later in life.
T
9. Conservative critics charge that the television and film industries are dominated by a liberal
"cultural elite."
T
10. Studies of television-watching have concluded that there is no link between the amount of
time spent watching television and aggressive behavior in children.
F
1. Socialization is the lifelong social experience by which individuals develop their human
potential and learn culture.
2. Personality refers to a person's fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling.
3. Id is Freud's term for the human being's basic drives.
4. Ego is Freud's term for a person's conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure-seeking
drives with the demands of society.
5. Superego is Freud's term for the cultural values and norms internalized by an individual.
6. Sensorimotor stage is Piaget's term for the level of human development at which
individuals experience the world only through their senses.
7. Preoperational stage is Piaget's term for the level of human development at which
individuals first use language and other symbols.
8. Concrete operational stage is Piaget's term for the level of human development at which
individuals first perceive causal connections in their surroundings.
9. Formal operational stage is Piaget's term for the level of human development at which
individuals think abstractly and critically.
10. Self is George Herbert Mead's term for that part of an individual's personality composed
of self-awareness and self-image.
11. Looking-glass self is Cooley's term for a self-image based on how we think others see us.
12. Generalized other is George Herbert Mead's term for widespread cultural norms and
values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves.
13. Peer group is a social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in
common.
14. Anticipatory socialization is learning that helps a person achieve a desired position.
15. Mass media are impersonal communications aimed at a vast audience.
16. Cohort is a category of people with common characteristics, usually their age.
17. Total institution is a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and
manipulated by an administrative staff.
18. Resocialization refers to radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully
controlling the environment.
19. Significant others are people, such as parents, who have special importance for
socialization.
Chap 6
1.
A daughter, teenager, and Cuban are examples of
ascribed statuses.
2.
A nurse, software writer, and thief are examples of
achieved statuses.
3.
An office boss enjoys being friendly with other workers. At the same time,
however, the boss must maintain personal distance to evaluate employees. This is
an illustration of
role strain.
4.
Which of the following likens everyday life to a theatrical performance in which
people slant their behavior to satisfy the demands of a particular audience?
dramaturgical analysis
5.
Harold Garfinkel coined the term __________, which is the study of the way people
make sense of their everyday surroundings.
ethnomethodology
6.
The textbook states that culture influences emotions in all of the following ways
except:
the names of specific emotional states.
7.
If Jameel sees Sarah act in what he believes is a worthy way, then he thinks Sarah
is a worthy person. This is an example of
the Thomas theorem.
8.
Humor comes from the contrast between two different realities. Which of the
following are the two realities?
conventional and unconventional reality
9.
Which of the following is not one of the ways the chapter discusses the importance
of gender and personal performance?
style of clothing
10.
We socially construct our emotions as part of our everyday reality, a process
sociologists call
emotion management.
1. T
Humor is an element of culture.
2. T
Tact amounts to helping someone "save face."
3. T
Women are more sensitive to nonverbal communication than men because
women are socialized to be less assertive.
4. F
What people call "street smarts" is really an example of master status.
5. F
The amount of personal space people feel most comfortable with does not vary
from culture to culture.
6. T
Ethnomethodology suggests that one way to really understand the assumptions
we make about reality is to purposely break the rules.
7. F
Role conflict is a conflict that an individual feels within a role.
8. T
Role exit is the process by which people disengage from important social roles.
9. T
Two examples of a master status include having a serious illness, such as AIDS,
and being an important political figure, such as president of the United States.
10. F
People do not build their reality from the surrounding culture.
1.
Social interaction is the process by which people act and react in relation to
others.
2.
Status is a social position that a person occupies.
3.
Status set is all the statuses that a person holds at a given time.
4.
Ascribed status is a social position a person receives at birth or assumes
involuntarily later in life.
5.
Achieved status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily that reflects
ability and effort.
6.
Master status is a status that a society defines as having special importance for
social identity, often shaping a person's entire life.
7.
Role is a behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status.
8.
Role set is a number of roles attached to a single status.
9.
Role conflict is conflict among the roles corresponding to two or more statuses.
10.
Role strain is tension among the roles connected to a single status.
11.
Social construction of reality is the process by which people creatively shape
reality through social interaction.
12.
Thomas theorem is the assertion that situations that are defined as real are real in
their consequences.
13.
Ethnomethodology is the study of the way people make sense of their everyday
surroundings.
14.
Dramaturgical approach is the study of social interaction in terms of theatrical
performance.
15.
Presentation of self is a person's efforts to create specific impressions in the
minds of others.
16.
Nonverbal communication is communication using body movements, gestures,
and facial expressions rather than speech.
17.
Personal space is the surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to
privacy.
Chap 10
1.
Which of the following is not an example of a closed stratification system?
class system
2.
All of the following are principles of social stratification except which one?
Social stratification does not persist over generations.
3.
The view that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operation of
a society is argued by
Davis and Moore.
4.
Dahrendorf presents four reasons why there has not been a Marxist revolution.
Which of the following is not one of the four reasons?
There are fewer worker organizations.
5.
Weber proposed that social stratification involves three distinct dimensions of
inequality. Which of the following are Weber's three dimensions of inequality?
Economic, status, and power
6.
The idea that greater technological sophistication is generally accompanied by
more pronounced social stratification is called
Kuznet's curve.
7.
Which of the following is not true about a caste system?
It is not common in agrarian societies.
8.
Which of the following is not a criticism of the Davis-Moore thesis?
A meritocracy is found in all industrial societies.
9.
__________ divided those who work for wages into two groups: the bourgeoisie and
the proletariat.
Karl Marx
10.
A shift in the social position of large numbers of people due more to changes in
society itself than to individual efforts is called
structural social mobility.
1. T
Greater mobility of class systems produces less status consistency.
2. F
The study of social inequality only depends on facts and not on politics and values
concerning how a society should be organized.
3. T
Over time, even wealth becomes somewhat less concentrated in industrial
societies.
4. T
Socialist societies claim to be classless because of public ownership of property.
However, although there is less economic inequality, there is greater inequality in
power.
5. T
Greater inequality is functional for agrarian societies, but industrial societies
benefit from a less unequal system.
6. F
The estate system of the Middle Ages included four estates.
7. F
Class consistency is the degree of consistency in a person's social standing across
various dimensions of social inequality.
8. T
Legally men and women are equal in modern Japanese society, although men
dominate women in many ways.
9. T
In China there is a new class system emerging with a combination of the old
political hierarchy and a new business hierarchy.
10. F
The idea that social inequality plays a vital part in the operation of society is
consistent with the social-conflict paradigm.
1.
Social stratification is a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a
hierarchy.
2.
Social mobility is a change in one's position in the social hierarchy.
3.
The Caste system is social stratification based on ascription, or birth.
4.
The Class system is social stratification based on both birth and individual
achievement.
5.
A Meritocracy is social stratification based on personal merit.
6.
Status consistency is the degree of consistency in a person's social standing across
various dimensions of social inequality.
7.
Structural social mobility is a shift in the social position of large numbers of
people due more to changes in society itself than to individual efforts.
8.
Ideology is cultural beliefs that justify particular social arrangements, including
patterns of inequality.
9.
The Davis-Moore thesis is the assertion that social stratification is a universal
pattern because it has beneficial consequences for the operation of a society.
10.
Blue-collar occupations encompass lower-prestige work that involves mostly
manual labor.
11.
White-collar occupations encompass higher-prestige work that involves mostly
mental activity.
12.
Socioeconomic status is a composite ranking based on various dimensions of
social inequality.
13.
Conspicuous consumption is buying and using products because of the
"statement" they make about social position.
Chap 18
1.
A family unit that includes parents and children as well as other kin is called
the extended family.
2.
Which of the following is not a residential pattern?
bilocality
3.
The family performs several tasks and operates as the backbone of society,
according to the
structural-functional approach.
4.
The family perpetuates social inequality, according to the
social-conflict approach.
5.
The approach that depicts courtship and marriage as forms of negotiation is called
social-exchange approach.
6.
Which of the following is not one of the alternative family forms discussed in this
chapter?
domestic partnerships
7.
Which of the following is not one of the functions of the family according to
structural-functional analysis?
All of the above are functions of the family.
8.
Social-conflict analysis focuses on all of the following in the family except:
socialization.
9.
Marriage between people with the same social characteristics is
homogamy.
10.
The sharing of a household by an unmarried couple is called
cohabitation.
1. F
Macro-level analysis highlights the variety of family life as experienced by various
family members.
2. T
The majority of married couples have children, although family size has decreased
over time.
3. F
Research suggests that marriage provides more benefits for women than for men.
4. T
The most serious problem for one-parent families, especially if that parent is a
woman, is poverty.
5. F
Norway was the first country to lift its legal ban on same-sex marriages.
6. T
The older a woman is, the more education she has, and the better her job, the
more difficulty she has in marrying.
7. T
All states have enacted marital rape laws that allow wives to charge husbands
with rape.
8. T
The most common type of interracial married couple is a white husband and an
Asian wife.
9. T
Many Latinos enjoy the loyalty and support of extended families.
10. T
Industrialization is the main reason why family size has decreased over time.
1.
The family is a social instrument found in all societies that unites people in
cooperative groups to oversee the bearing and raising of children.
2.
Kinship is a social bond based on blood, marriage, or adoption.
3.
Marriage is a legally sanctioned relationship, usually involving economic
cooperation as well as sexual activity and childbearing, that people expect to be
enduring.
4.
Extended family is a family unit that includes parents and children as well as other
kin.
5.
Nuclear family
Conjugal family is a family unit composed of one or two parents and their
children.
6.
Endogamy is marriage between people of the same social category.
7.
Exogamy is marriage between people of different social categories.
8.
Monogamy is marriage that unites two partners.
9.
Polygamy is marriage that unites three or more people.
10.
Polygyny is marriage that unites one man and two or more women.
11.
Polyandry is marriage that unites one woman and two or more men.
12.
Patrilocality is a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near
the husband's family.
13.
Matrilocality is a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near
the wife's family.
14.
Neolocality is a residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from
both sets of parents.
15.
Descent is the system by which members of a society trace kinship over
generations.
16.
Patrilineal descent is a system tracing kinship through men.
17.
Matrilineal descent is a system tracing kinship through women.
18.
Bilateral descent is a system tracing kinship through both men and women.
19.
Incest taboo is a norm forbidding sexual relations or marriage between certain
relatives.
20.
Homogamy is marriage between people with the same social characteristics.
21.
Infidelity is sexual activity outside marriage.
22.
Family violence is emotional, physical, or sexual abuse of one family member by
another.
23.
Cohabitation is the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple.