Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder Metallurgy Products Introduction & Scope The Metal Powder Industries Federation (MPIF) is a voluntary-membership, not-for-profit trade association formed by the members of the PM and particulate materials industry to promote the advancement of the metal powder producing and consuming industries and the practice of powder metallurgy and particulate materials technologies. MPIF is a federation of six trade associations, each of which is concerned with some aspect of powder metallurgy (PM), metal injection molding (MIM), metal powders or particulate materials: the Powder Metallurgy Parts Association (PMPA), Metal Powder Producers Association (MPPA), Refractory Metals Association (RMA), Powder Metallurgy Equipment Association (PMEA), Isostatic Pressing Association (IPA), and the Metal Injection Molding Association (MIMA). MPIF standards cover five categories: 1. PM Nomenclature 2. Powder (Material) Test Method Standards (Testing Procedures) 3. Materials Standards/Specifications for PM Structural Parts, PM Self-Lubricating Bearings, PF Steel and MIM Parts 4. Product (Parts) Test Method Standards (Testing Procedures) 5. PM Press Safety Standards (ANSI/MPIF) Certain trade associations within MPIF have established standards committees composed of technical people who are responsible for developing standards within their area of expertise and proposing them to the MPIF membership. Before a standard can be issued as an official MPIF standard, it must be approved by the MPIF corporate, voting membership as a whole. The standards contained in this book have all been adopted under this procedure. MPIF standards are intended to present and clarify PM technology so as to aid in the conduct of business. PM materials specifications and testing procedure standards relate to those activities that concern designers and users of PM parts as well as the manufacturer of the material. The use of any MPIF standard is entirely voluntary. Existence of an MPIF standard does not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of MPIF from manufacturing or selling products that use materials or testing procedures not included in MPIF standards. Other materials, products or testing procedures other than those identified in any MPIF standard may exist. Neither MPIF nor any of its members assumes or accepts any liability resulting from use or non-use of any MPIF standard. MPIF does not accept any liability or responsibility for the compliance of any product with any standard, the achievement of any minimum or typical values by any supplier, or for the results of any testing or other procedure undertaken in accordance with any standard. By publication of these standards, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any patent rights nor does MPIF undertake to ensure anyone utilizing the Standards against liability for infringement of any Letters Patent or accept any such liability. MPIF standards are subject to periodic review and may be revised at any time by the group responsible for their creation. Users are cautioned to refer to the latest edition. Comments from any source concerning the standards or MPIF’s standards programs are welcome. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. © Copyright 2016 ISBN: 978-1-943694-03-7 MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition Published by Metal Powder Industries Federation 105 College Road East Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 U.S.A. TEL: (609) 452-7700 FAX: (609) 987-8523 E-mail: info@mpif.org Website: mpif.org 1 OF SPECIAL INTEREST TO USERS OF PM… MPIF Standard 35— Materials Standards The MPIF Standard 35 Family of Materials Standards The latest editions of MPIF materials standards are available for purchase in printed and electronic formats. Visit the Publications area at mpif.org. MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts—for structural parts made by the powder metallurgy process MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM SelfLubricating Bearings—for bearings and bushings made by the PM process MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for P/F Steel Parts—for steel components made by the powder forging (PF) process MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for Metal Injection Molded Parts—for components made by the metal injection molding (MIM) process MPIF GUIDE TO PM MICROSTRUCTURES The goal of this Guide is to assist PM parts manufacturers and the end user community to interpret powder metallurgy (PM) microstructures. It will help build appreciation of what a powerful tool metallography can be when: engineering new components; designing new materials; solving various types of quality problems; and as a most effective means for quality control. The user will be able to reference materials processed by conventional sintering; elevated temperature sintering; accelerated cooling rates; etc. to determine phase and structures of the materials. Specimen preparation and proper selection of etchants is also covered. Galleries available for viewing include: Iron and Carbon Steel; IronCopper and Copper Steel; Iron-Nickel and Nickel Steel; Prealloyed Steel; Hybrid Low-Alloy Steel; Sinter-Hardened Steel; Diffusion-Alloyed Steel; Copper Infiltrated Iron and Steel; Soft Magnetic Alloys along with other examples. Free access at mpif.org. 2 General Information I Table of Contents GENERAL INFORMATION SECTIONS Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................ Test Methods Standards - Classification .................................................................................................... Subject (Key Word) Index ........................................................................................................................... Sources of Specialized Equipment............................................................................................................. SI Units - Conversion Table ........................................................................................................................ Video Examples of Test Methods (QR Codes/Internet Links).................................................................... STANDARD TITLE, ISSUE/REVISION DATE I II III IV V VI STANDARD NUMBER * Indicates Revised or Reaffirmed Standard - This Edition † Indicates New or Updated Precision Statement - This Edition Sampling Metal Powders (10) .................................................................................................................... 01 Loss of Mass in a Reducing Atmosphere for Metal Powders (Hydrogen Loss), Determination of (15) ............................................................................................................................. 02* Flow Rate of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Apparatus, Determination of (15) ............................................................................................................................. 03* Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Apparatus, Determination of (15) ............................................................................................................................. 04* Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders, Determination of (09) ........................................................................... 05 Acid Insoluble Matter in Iron and Copper Powders, Determination of (15)................................................ 06* Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy (13) ...................................................................................... 09* Tensile Properties of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials, Determination of (15) ....................................... 10*† Green Strength of Compacted Powder Metallurgy Materials, Determination of (15)................................. 15* Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Apparatus, Determination of (15) ............................................................................................................................. 28* Terms for Metal Powder Compacting Presses & Tooling, Definition of (15)............................................... 31* Average Particle Size of Metal Powders Using Air Permeability, Estimating (15)...................................... 32*† Properties of Sintered Bronze PM Filter Powders, Determination of (11) ................................................. 39 Impact Energy of Unnotched Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens, Determination of (09, [Precision 11]) ..................................................................................................... 40 Transverse Rupture Strength of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials, Determination of (14) ...................... 41* Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products, Determination of (14) .................. 42* Apparent Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Products, Determination of (10, [Editorially corrected 15]) ..... 43* Dimensional Change from Die Size of Sintered Powder Metallurgy Specimens, Determination of (10) ............................................................................................................................. 44 Compressibility of Metal Powders, Determination of (15) .......................................................................... 45* MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition 3 STANDARD TITLE, ISSUE/REVISION DATE STANDARD NUMBER * Indicates Revised or Reaffirmed Standard - This Edition † Indicates New or Updated Precision Statement - This Edition Tap Density of Metal Powders, Determination of (15)................................................................................ 46*† Apparent Density of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter, Determination of (15)................................. 48* Copper-Base Infiltrating Powders, Testing (15) .......................................................................................... 49* Preparing and Evaluating Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Sintered/Heat Treated Tension Test Specimens, Method for (08)................................................................................................................... 50 Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Materials, Determination of (15) .................................. 51* Effective Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy Products, Determination of (10) .............................. 52 Measuring the Volume of the Apparent Density Cup Used with the Hall or Carney Apparatus (Standards 04 and 28), Method for (11, [Precision 14]) .......................................... 53† Density of Impermeable Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials, Determination of (11) .................................. 54 Radial Crush Strength (K) of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials, Determination of (14) .......................... 55* Rotating Beam Fatigue Endurance Limit of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials, Determination of (15) ............................................................................................................................. 56* Oil Content, Surface-Connected Porosity and Oil-Impregnation Efficiency of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products, Determination of (14) .................................................................................. 57* Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products, Determination of (13) ............................................. 58* Charpy Impact Energy of Unnotched Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Test Specimens, Determination of (08) ............................................................................................................................. 59 Uniaxially Compacted Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens, Preparation of (11) .............................. 60 Compressive Yield Strength of Powder Metallurgy Materials, Determination of (15)................................. 61*† Corrosion Resistance of MIM Grades of Stainless Steel Immersed in 2% Sulfuric Acid Solution, Determination of (09) ............................................................................................................................. 62 Density Determination of Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Components (Gas Pycnometer) (08)................. 63 Terms Used in Metal Injection Molding (MIM), Definition of (14) ............................................................... 64* Sample Preparation and Determination of the Hardenability of PM Steels (Jominy End-Quench Hardenability), Method of (14) ............................................................................ 65* Sample Preparation for the Determination of the Total Carbon Content of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials (Excluding Cemented Carbides), Method for (13).................................................................. 66* Sample Preparation for the Chemical Analysis of the Metallic Elements in PM Materials, Guide to (11) .......................................................................................................................................... 67 Temperature Profiling a Continuous Mesh-Belt Sintering Furnace, Guide to (11)..................................... 68 Determination of the Porosity in Powder Metallurgy Products Using Automated Image Analysis, Guide for the (11) ................................................................................................................................... 69 4 MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition General Information II Test Methods Standards — Classification STANDARD NUMBER Definitions/Terms 09 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy 31 Metal Powder Compacting Presses and Tooling 64 Used in Metal Injection Molding (MIM) Preparation of Test Specimens 50 Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Sintered/Heat Treated Tension Test Specimens 60 Uniaxially Compacted Powder Metallurgy Test Specimens Guidelines 67 Sample Preparation for the Chemical Analysis of the Metallic Elements in PM Materials 68 Temperature Profiling a Continuous Mesh-Belt Sintering Furnace 69 Determination of the Porosity in Powder Metallurgy Products Using Automated Image Analysis Testing of Metal Powders 01 Sampling Metal Powders 02 Loss of Mass in a Reducing Atmosphere for Metal Powders (Hydrogen Loss) 03 Flow Rate of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Apparatus 04 Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Apparatus 05 Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders 06 Acid Insoluble Matter in Iron and Copper Powders 28 Apparent Density of Non-Free Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Apparatus 32 Average Particle Size of Metal Powders Using Air Permeability 39 Properties of Sintered Bronze PM Filter Powders 45 Compressibility of Metal Powders 46 Tap Density of Metal Powders 48 Apparent Density of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter 49 Testing Copper Base Infiltrating Powders Testing of PM Products 10 Tensile Properties of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials 15 Green Strength of Compacted Powder Metallurgy Materials 40 Impact Energy of Unnotched Powder Metallurgy Test Specimens 41 Transverse Rupture Strength of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials 42 Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products 43 Apparent Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Products 44 Dimensional Change from Die Size of Sintered Powder Metallurgy Specimens 50 Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Sintered/Heat Treated Tension Test Specimens 51 Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Materials 52 Effective Case Depth of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy Products 54 Density of Impermeable Powder Metallurgy Materials 55 Radial Crush Strength (K) of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials 56 Rotating Beam Fatigue Endurance Limit 57 Oil Content, Surface-Connected Porosity and Oil-Impregnation Efficiency of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products 58 Surface Finish of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products 59 Charpy Impact Energy of Unnotched Metal Injection Molded Test Specimens 60 (Preparation) Uniaxially Compacted Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens 61 Compressive Yield Strength of Powder Metallurgy Materials 62 Corrosion Resistance of MIM Grades of Stainless Steel Immersed in 2% Sulfuric Acid Solution 63 Density Determination of Metal Injection Molded (MIM) Components (Gas Pycnometer) 65 Hardenability (Sample Preparation/Determination) of PM Steels (Jominy End-Quench Hardenability) 66 Total Carbon Content (Sample Preparation/Determination) of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials (Excluding Cemented Carbides) Other Testing 53 Volume of the Apparent Density Cup—Hall/Carney Apparatus MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition 5 General Information III Subject (Key Words) Index — Standard Number Apparent density Arnold meter, 48 Carney apparatus, 28 Hall apparatus, 04 Apparent hardness, 43 Case depth (effective), 52 Chemical Analysis Guide, 67 Compressibility, 45 Compressive yield strength, 61 Corrosion resistance - MIM (immersion), 62 K (radial crush strength), 55 Microindentation hardness, 51 Oil content/surface-connected porosity/ oil-impregnation efficiency, 57 Particle size (air permeability), 32 Porosity Determination/Automated Image Analysis Guide, 69 Radial crush strength (K), 55 Definitions (terms) Compacting presses/tooling, 31 Metal Injection Molding (MIM), 64 Powder metallurgy, 09 Density determination, Compacted or sintered PM products, 42 Impermeable PM materials, 54 MIM components (gas pycnometer), 63 Dimensional change, 44 Endurance limit (rotating beam fatigue), 56 Fatigue (rotating beam), 56 Filter powders (bronze), 39 Flow rate (Hall apparatus), 03 Sampling metal powders, 01 Sieve analysis, 05 Surface finish, 58 Tap density, 46 Temperature Profiling/Sintering Furnace Guide, 68 Tensile test specimens Metal injection molded (MIM), 50 Powder metallurgy (PM), 10 Test Specimens (preparation) Metal injection molded (MIM), 50 Powder metallurgy (uniaxially compacted), 60 Total Carbon Content (preparation/ determination), 66 Transverse rupture strength, 41 Green strength, 15 Hardenability PM steels (Jominy end-quench), 65 Hydrogen loss, 02 Volume Apparent density cup, 53 Impact energy Metal injection molded (MIM) (unnotched), 59 Powder metallurgy (PM) (unnotched), 40 Infiltrating powders (copper base), 49 Insoluble (acid) matter, 06 6 MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition General Information IV Sources* of Specialized Equipment Noted in Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder Metallurgy Products Std. 01 - Sampling Keystone Sampling Thief and Sample Splitter Gilson Co., Inc. P.O. Box 200 Lewis Center, OH 43035-0200 www.globalgilson.com Seedburo Equipment Co. 1022 West Jackson Boulevard Chicago, IL 60607 www.seedburo.com Sepor, Inc. P.O. Box 578 Wilmington, CA 90748 www.sepor.com Spinning Rifflers—Std. 01 Gilson Co., Inc. P.O. Box 200 Lewis Center, OH 43035-0200 www.globalgilson.com Microscal Ltd. 79 Sothern Row London, United Kingdom W 10 SAL (011) 44-208-969-3935 Quantachrome Instruments 1900 Corporate Drive Boynton Beach, FL 33426 www.quantachrome.com Stds. 03 - Flow Rate Stds. 04 and 28 - Apparent Density Hall Flowmeter, Carney Funnel and Standard Powder ACuPowder International, L.L.C. 901 Lehigh Avenue Union, NJ 07083-7632 www.acupowder.com Std. 05 - Sieve Analysis Sieve Shaker Fisher Scientific Co. (major U.S. cities) www.fishersci.com MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition Gilson Co., Inc. P.O. Box 200 Lewis Center, OH 43035 www.globalgilson.com W.S. Tyler, Inc. 8570 Tyler Blvd. Mentor, OH 44060 www.wstyler.com Stds. 10 - Tension Test Strength 15 - Green Strength 41 - Transverse Rupture Strength 44 - Dimensional Change 45 - Compressibility 60 - PM Test Specimen Preparation Compacting Dies, Transverse Rupture Strength Fixture and Green Strength Tester Major Powdered Metal Technologies, Inc. 12953 Farmington Road Livonia, Ml 48150-4299 www.majorpmt.com Green strength tester engineering drawings available from: ACuPowder International, L.L.C. 901 Lehigh Avenue Union, NJ 07083-7632 www.acupowder.com Std. 32 - Average Particle Size Subsieve AutoSizer Micromeritics Instrument Corporation Particulate Systems 4356 Communications Drive Norcross, GA 30093-2901 www.micromeritics.com Std. 46 - Tap Density Tap Density Tester Quantachrome Instruments 1900 Corporate Drive Boynton Beach, FL 33426 www.quantachrome.com VanKel Technology Group. 1300 Weston Parkway Cary, NC 27513 www.vankel.com Std. 58 – Surface Finish Chisel Stylus Precision Devices, Inc. P.O. Box 2260 Milan, MI 48160 www.predev.com Std. 63 – MIM Density Gas Pycnometer Micromeritics Instrument Corporation One Micromeritics Drive Norcross, GA 30093-1877 www.micromeritics.com Quantachrome Instruments 1900 Corporate Drive Boynton Beach, FL 33426 www.quantachrome.com Other - Apparent Density Paint Pigment Volumeter, Metal Powder Volumeter, Scott Volumeter Steiner Enterprises, Inc. 2780 Conservation Club Road Lafayette, IN 47905 www.steineronline.com VWR International (major U.S. cities) www.vwr.com *Note: Other sources may exist for equipment listed. 7 General Information V SI Units — Conversion Table Quantities/Terms Used in MPIF Standards Quantity Apparent Density Applied Magnetic Field Atmosphere Flow Belt Speed Bulk Density Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Coercive Field Strength Compacting Pressure Crush Strength Fatigue Limit (Strength) Force Flow Time Fracture Toughness Green Density Green Strength Heating Rate Impact Energy Kinematic Viscosity Magnetic Induction Particle Size Powder Mass Sintered Density Specific Surface Surface Finish Tap Density Temperature Tensile Strength Thermal Conductivity Torque Transverse Rupture Strength Yield Strength Young's Modulus Designation ρa H — — — — — — Hc — K — — — KIC ρg — — — — B — — — — ρs — — ρt — — — — — — — Inch-Pound Units Preferred Working Unit Symbol Approx. Conversion to SI Units* g/cm3 oersteds (Oe) ft3/min CFH ipm Ibm/ft3 Ibm/gal x10-6/ºF oersteds (Oe) tsi 103 psi 103psi lbf s/50 g 103 psi·inch½ g/cm3 psi degree Fahrenheit per second (°F/sec) ft·lbf centistokes (cSt) kilogauss (kG) 10-3 in. pound (Ibm) ton ton g/cm3 m2/g microinches g/cm3 degree Fahrenheit (°F) 103 psi Btu·ft/(h·ft2 ·ºF) lbf ·ft 103 psi 103 psi 106 psi gram per cubic centimetre amperes-turns/metre cubic centimetre per second cubic centimetre per second millimetre per minute gram per cubic centimetre gram per cubic centimetre ampere-turns/metre megapascals megapascals megapascals newton second per 50 grams megapascals root metre gram per cubic centimetre megapascals degree Celsius per second g/cm3 A/m cm3/s cm3/s mm/min g/cm3 g/cm3 x10-6/ºC A/m MPa MPa MPa N s/50 g MPa·m½ g/cm3 MPa °C/s — X 79.6 X 472.0 X 7.867 X 25.40 X 0.016 X 0.120 X 1.8 X 79.6 X 13.79 X 6.895 X 6.895 X 4.448 — X 1.1 — X 0.0069 X 0.556 joule metres squared per second tesla micrometre kilogram megagram metric ton gram per cubic centimetre square metre per gram micrometre gram per cubic centimetre degree Celsius megapascals watts per metre kelvin newton metres megapascals megapascals gigapascals J m2/s T μm kg Mg t g/cm3 m2/g μm g/cm3 °C MPa W/(m·K) N·m MPa MPa GPa X 1.356 X 1.0 x 10-6 X 0.1 — X 0.454 X 0.907 X 0.907 — — X 0.0254 — 5/9 (°F -32) X 6.895 X 1.731 X 1.356 X 6.895 X 6.895 X 6.895 * Example: 1 psi = 0.0069 MPa If 100,000 psi, then MPa = 0.0069 X 100,000 = 690 MPa 8 MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition General Information VI Video Examples of the Standard Test Methods for Metal Powders and Powder Metallurgy Products Scan a QR code below By scanning the QR Codes or visiting the appropriate link via the internet, the user will be able to view video clip demonstrations of the working mechanics of the cited test method. Examples are intended for educational purposes only. Any reference to text, tables or figures may not be 100% accurate, as standards are reviewed and revised on a periodic basis. Users should always refer to and use the latest edition of the standard. No position should be taken by the user with respect to the validity of the contents of the videos. Neither MPIF nor any of its members assumes or accepts liability resulting from their use. STANDARD 01 STANDARD 02 STANDARD 03 STANDARD 04 STANDARD Method for Sampling Metal Powders https://youtu.be/XEEsEuNBD-U Method for Determination of Loss of Mass in a Reducing Atmosphere for Metal Powders (Hydrogen Loss) https://youtu.be/PX8oiAa_ZAs Determination of Flow Rate of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Apparatus https://youtu.be/Dpw8MZ1qYJM Determination of Apparent Density of Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Hall Apparatus https://youtu.be/zOxHkiV4570 MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition 05 STANDARD Determination of Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders https://youtu.be/DX7c_Bi5Vmo 10 Determination of the Tensile Properties of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials STANDARD Determination of Green Strength of Compacted Powder Metallurgy Materials 15 STANDARD 28 https://youtu.be/Ep97CV0SRck https://youtu.be/UdHAb9Eqj7M Determination of Apparent Density of Non-Free-Flowing Metal Powders Using the Carney Apparatus https://youtu.be/_PdcoUT7yhE 9 STANDARD 40 STANDARD 41 STANDARD 42 STANDARD 43 STANDARD 44 STANDARD 45 10 Determination of Impact Energy of Unnotched Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens https://youtu.be/OY39jJ5ptXM Determination of Transverse Rupture Strength of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials https://youtu.be/_JqpUKurnSI Determination of Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products https://youtu.be/iDHw3r9Ww8I Determination of Apparent Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Products https://youtu.be/X0d9BazPbjU Determination of Dimensional Change from Die Size of Sintered Powder Metallurgy Specimens https://youtu.be/AkibYjDMioU Determination of Compressibility of Metal Powders https://youtu.be/qU7GOfliS54 STANDARD 46 STANDARD Determination of Tap Density of Metal Powders https://youtu.be/mXBthlopJqw 48 Determination of Apparent Density of Metal Powders Using the Arnold Meter STANDARD Determination of Microindentation Hardness of Powder Metallurgy Materials 51 STANDARD 53 STANDARD 55 STANDARD 56 https://youtu.be/D5QQXoO7hsM https://youtu.be/BLO2QNFBSJY Measuring the Volume of the Apparent Density Cup Used with the Hall and Carney Apparatus (Standards 04 and 28) https://youtu.be/Bc954mfy6FQ Determination of Radial Crush Strength (K) of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials https://youtu.be/M5-EaAGuF74 Determination of Rotating Beam Fatigue Endurance Limit of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials https://youtu.be/dhAiCvDtixo MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition METAL POWDER INDUSTRIES FEDERATION STANDARD 01 Method for Sampling Metal Powders MPIF Standard 01 Issued 1945, Adopted 1948, Reapproved 1986 Revised 1961, 1973, 1981, 1995, 2003, 2005, 2010 1. SCOPE 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.2 This standard describes two methods for obtaining samples of metal powders for subsequent testing. Method A is for powders in the process of being packaged from blenders or storage tanks. Method B is for powders already packaged in containers. This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the potential safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. DEFINITIONS 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.6 The following terms are defined: Lot—A definite quantity of powder processed or produced under uniform conditions. Increment—A quantity of powder obtained by a sampling device at one time from a single lot. Gross sample—A quantity of powder, adequate for the tests to be performed, consisting of all of the increments taken from a single lot. Composite sample—The blended entire gross sample. Test sample—A quantity of powder taken from the composite sample for determining a single property or for preparing the test pieces. It should normally be taken by splitting the composite sample. Test portion (Test specimen)—A defined quantity of powder, taken from the test sample, on which the test is performed or from which test pieces are produced. Refer to Fig. 1. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.2 3.2.1 Method A Rectangular receptacle capable of being moved completely across the stream of flowing powder at a constant speed and having a length and width greater than the stream of powder. It must be large enough that there is no overflow when collecting the sample. Small blender. Sample splitter (Fig. 2). Spinning riffler. Method B Keystone Sampler (Fig. 4) or other appropriate sampling device (Fig. 5). MPIF Standard Test Methods—2016 Edition 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 NOTE Small blender. Sample splitter. Spinning riffler. 1—Name of manufacturers of this apparatus are listed in General Information IV. 4. TEST SPECIMEN 4.1 4.1.1 4.2 4.2.1 Method A At least three increments shall be taken for each lot of powder. The actual number depends on the size of the lot and the powder involved and shall be agreed upon by the parties involved. Method B See Table 1 TABLE 1 No. of Containers in the Lot No. of Containers to be Sampled (randomly selected) 1-5 6-11 12-20 21-35 36-60 61-99 100-149 150-199 200-299 300-399 More than 400 All 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 + 1 per 100 additional containers 5. PROCEDURE 5.1 5.1.1 Method A—For Powders in the Process of Being Packaged from Blenders or Storage Tanks Pass the rectangular receptacle, at a constant speed, completely through the stream of flowing powder. If the entire contents of one lot of powder are being packed in a single container, take increments when the container is 1/4, 1/2 and 3/4 filled. If several containers are to be filled by one lot of powder, take the first increment when the container is 1/2 filled, take the second increment in the middle of the run, and the third increment near the end of the run. The parties concerned may agree upon additional increments. The total of all incre11
