Al-Azhar University – Gaza
Faculty of Postgraduate Studies
Course Code: ITCS6306
Course Name: Knowledge Based Systems
2nd Semester – 2020/2021
Field of Study: Computing & Information Systems
Sunday 16/06/2021, 120 minutes
Final-Term Exam
Question Paper
St. Name: _____________________
St. Number:____________________
No. of Questions 4 No. of Pages 5
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Samy Abu Naser
Q1: True/False and put it in the table below
1) Sentence of the language that are built according to the syntactic rules is called Semantic
2) Syntax: refers to the facts about the world for a specific sentence.
3) Languages with precisely defined syntax and semantics can be called logic.
4) A sentence is valid or necessarily true if and only if it is true under possible interpretations in all
possible worlds.
5) Propositions can be interpreted as any facts you want.
6) Resolution is the basis for the inference mechanisms in the prolog language and some theorem
provers.
7) Checking a set of sentences for satisfiability is NP-complete.
8) Default reasoning, general or common knowledge is assumed in the absence of specific knowledge is
sound.
9) Analogy means a conclusion is drawn based on similarities to another situation.
10) Not every knowledge base can be written as a collection og Horn sentences
11) truth table enumerates 2n rows of the table for any proof involving n symbol
12) Relations establish connections between objects and is defined by the designer
13) An atomic sentence is true if the relation between the objects holds
14) The first expert system was created in 1964
15) Improved Consistency are key benefits of an Expert System.
Take for Q1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q2: Choose the best answer and put it in the answer table 2.
1) An Expert System used for design of Networks
a) PROSPECTOR
b) DENDRAL
C) MYCIN
10
11
12
13
14
15
d) XCON/R1
2) Which condition is used to terminate the growth of forward chaining?
a) Atomic sentences b) Complex sentences
c) No further inference
d) All of the mentioned
3) Expert systems is suitable for
a) The main challenge is not computation but knowledge
b) Knowledge can be captured easily
c) Users may be reluctant to apply an expert system to a critical task
d) A + B
4) Which of the following is used for automated reasoning
a) Logic programming
b)Forward chaining c) Backward chaining
d) Parallel programming
5) One of the followings an Expert System Elemental
a) Knowledge acquisition facility
b) user interface
c) knowledge base
d) All previous ones
1
6) Which of the following is not a Capabilities of Expert Systems?
a) Advising b) Demonstrating
c) Explaining
d) Expanding
7) What is conflict resolution in rule-based systems?
a) If there are several rules that possibly match the currently active facts, one of them must be selected.
b) If there is no rule that possibly matches the currently active facts, conflicting variable bindings may be
eliminated through conflict resolution.
c) Inconsistent rules in the knowledge base are modified or eliminated through conflict resolution.
d) All of the above
8) What does shallow reasoning (as opposed to deep reasoning) mean?
a) A solution is only found “deep down” in the search tree.
b) It is a particularly efficient reasoning method based on depth-first search.
c) A causal chain of cause and effect can be established across the application of different rules.
d) The knowledge is encoded as heuristics in very few rules
9) What does backward chaining algorithm return?
a) Additional statements
b) Logical statement c) Substitutes matching the query
10) Somebody does not own a house” is translated as
a) ∃x.∀y(owns(x, y) ∧ ¬house(y))
c) ∃x(owns(x, y) → ¬house(y))
d)None of these
b) ∃x.∀y.(owns(x, y) → house(y))
d) None of these
11) In a CLIPS program, what construct determines how the inference engine will process facts.
a) The collection of deffacts
b) The collection of parentheses
c) The collection of defrules
d) The collection of multislot variables
12) What is the purpose of the agenda in CLIPS?
a) contains all currently available facts
b)restrict the facts that can be utilized at a certain point
c) contains all activated rules
d) contains a trace of fired rules
13) Backward chainiing algorithm similar to
a) Breadth-first search algorithm
b) Depth-first search algorithm
c)Hill-climbing search algorithm
d) All of the mentioned
14) Let G = (a V b) and KB = (a ∧ b) Then
a) KB |= G
b) G |= KB
c) both a+b
d) none of the previous
15)“Some physical objects are homes” is translated as
a) ∃x(physical object(x)  homes(x))
b) ∀x(physical object(x)  homes(x))
c ∀x(physical object(x) ∧ homes(x))
d) None of the previous ones
16)Which of the following aspects has the strongest negative aspect on the performance of a rule-based
system that uses the Rete algorithm for pattern matching?
a) the number of rules
b)the number of facts
c) the set of facts kept in working memory changes frequently
d) the number of conditions in the left-hand side of the rules
17) Which of the followings is used to create a complex sentences?
a) Logical connectives
b) Connectives
c) Symbols d) All of the mentioned
2
18) A ______ is nothing but an expert system without knowledge base.
a) Tools
b) Shell
c) Expert System
19) The problem of logic with knowledge
a) Uncertain
b) incomplete
d) knowledge
c) imprecise knowledge
d) all previous
20) A sentence is un-satisfiable iff there is some interpretation in some world for which it is
a) true
b) false
c) a +b
d) None of the previous
21) This inference method is sound
a) Resolution
b) Generate and test
c) deduction
d) a + c
22) An operation that tries to find consistsant variable bindings for two terms:
a) Matching
b) binding
c) Unification
d) All previous
23) Can be used to express properties of collections of objects:
a)Qualifier
b) Quantifier
c) Qualitative
24) What is knowledge Engineering?
a) Process of using an expert system
c) Process of assessing knowledge requirements
d) none of the previous
b) process of building an expert system
d) process of building Knowledge base
25) By what other term is heuristics knowledge known:
a) Structural Knowledge
b) Shallow Knowledge
c) Meta-Knowledge d)procedural Knowledge
26) Which inference strategy begins with known facts and derives new facts using rules whose premises
match known facts, continuing until a goal state id reached or no new facts can be deducted?
a) Backward chaining
b) forward chaining
c) heuristic reasoning
d) common sense
27) SL5 Objects uses_______________
a) Backward Chaining
b)Forward Chaining
c) Fuzzy Logic
d) Certainty Factor
28) In SL5 Object program, which property determines how the inference engine will process a rule?
a) Recency
b) Ransom
c) Refraction
d) Retraction
29) One of the following is not a system Class in SL5 Object
a) Domain
b)Application
c) File
d)MS Access
e) None of the previous
30) The property the stops the execution of the expert system session is
a) Stop
b) Exit
c) Quit
d)Halt
e) None of the previous
Table for Q2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
17
3
Question #3 Translate the following Knowledge base into SL5 Object Expert System Language
4
Question #4 Translate the following Knowledge base into CIPS Expert System Language
End of Exam
5