FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CAMPUS ------oOo------ PRESENTATION Select a listed company and analyse its management environment. Recommend Suitable And feasible strategy for that company. Group: 4 Subject: Business Management Class: K60CLC7 Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, tháng 09 năm 2022 A/ INTRODUCTION 1. BRAND STORY 2. BRAND VISION 3. BRAND PHILOSOPHY 4. FEATURE SERVICES 5. IMPRESSIVE NUMBERS 9 9 9 9 9 9 B/ EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT I/ MACRO ENVIRONMENT (PESTEL) 1. POLITICAL 1.1. Government stability 1.2. Tax policies 1.3. Competition regulations 1.4. Trade blocs 2. ECONOMIC 2.1. GDP trends and rate of economic growth 2.2. Inflation Rate 2.3. Government Spending 2.4. Demand Shifts from Goods Economy to Service Economy 2.5. Interest rate 2.6. Unemployment rate 3. SOCIAL 3.1. Demographics 3.2. Education level 3.3. Attitude 4. TECHNOLOGICAL 4.1. Technological infrastructure 4.2. Internet penetration 4.3. Investment in R&D 5. ENVIRONMENTAL 5.1. Environmental regulations 5.2. Waste management 5.3. Customers’ awareness 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 5.4. Renewable technologies 6. LEGAL 6.1. Business Laws 6.2. Transparency in Judiciary System & Processes + Time Taken for Court Proceedings 6.3. Consumer Protection Laws 6.4. Employment Protection Laws 6.5. Intellectual Property Rights Protection 6.6. Health & Safety Laws II/ MICRO ENVIRONMENT (PORTER’S 5 FORCES) 1. RIVALRY AMONG COMPETING SELLERS 2. SUPPLIERS 3. BUYERS 4. SUBSTITUTES 5. NEW ENTRANTS C/ INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT I/ ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 1. BRAND IMAGE 1.1. Name “Haidilao” 1.2. Logo 1.3. Slogan 2. BRAND MISSION 2.1. Philosophy 2.2. Vision 3. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 3.1. Devotion to communities 3.2. Bingwen library 3.3. “Beauty in Kindness” 3.4. Jianyang Tongcai Experimental School II/ RESOURCES 1. TANGIBLE RESOURCES 1.1. Finance 1.2. Physical assets 2. INTANGIBLE RESOURCES 2.1. Technology 2.2. The brand 2.3. Customer relationship 3. HUMAN RESOURCES 3.1. Training and development 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 17 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 24 3 3.2. Employee well-being III/ CAPABILITIES 1. VALUE CHAIN & VALUE SYSTEM 2. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES 2.1. Inbound Logistics 2.2. Operations 2.3. Outbound Logistics 2.4. Marketing and Sales 2.5. Services 3. SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES 3.1. Firm Infrastructure 3.2. Human Resources Management 3.3. Technology Development 3.4. Procurement Activities at Haidilao 25 25 25 25 26 27 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 D/ SWOT ANALYSIS I/ SWOT 1. STRENGTHS 2. WEAKNESSES 3. OPPORTUNITIES 4. THREATS II/ SWOT STRATEGIES 1. SO STRATEGY 2. WO STRATEGY 3. ST STRATEGY 4. WT STRATEGY 32 32 32 34 36 38 40 40 40 40 41 E/ REFERENCES 41 4 HAIDILAO A/ INTRODUCTION 1. BRAND STORY The brand Haidilao was founded in 1994. With over 20 years of development, Haidilao International Holding Ltd. has become a world-renowned catering enterprise. (20) 2. BRAND VISION Communication is a must in establishing trust among people and Chinese hot pot is a perfect choice for enhancing social networking at table. Haidilao is committed to encouraging more people to chat with each other and enjoy their food at table, and creating a kind of table culture favored by young people around the world. (20) 3. BRAND PHILOSOPHY We are always committed to the mission of creating happy hot pot time and spreading healthy hot pot culture to foodies all over the world through selected products and innovative services. As a large restaurant chain with global outreach, following the business principle of integrity, Haidilao seeks to provide consumers with more thoughtful services and healthier, safer and better food with more nutrition, while enhancing the stability and safety of food quality. (20) 4. FEATURE SERVICES Taking customer experience as our top priority, we always provide innovative and pleasant services to our customers. All the personalized services offered by our restaurants are derived from the innovative ideas of our staff. These warm and personalized services turn every meal into a happy experience. (20) 5. IMPRESSIVE NUMBERS In 2021: 1,443 restaurants in total in China, Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan and other 11 countries with more than 378 million customers. (6) 5 B/ EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT I/ MACRO ENVIRONMENT (PESTEL) 1. POLITICAL 1.1. Government stability - No imminent threats from terrorists and military issues in existing markets. (1) - Political stability in existing markets: China, HongKong, Malaysia, Singapore, VietNam, South Korea, Japan, The USA, Australia… → support business’s growth expansion. (2) - China has good records of consistently adhering to international treaties, specifically WTO’s regulations on Restaurant Industry. (3) - Enhance trade relations with other countries + attract FDI → equity for business to upgrade infrastructure + brand image. (4) 1.2. Tax policies High domestic tax rate : “It is understood that Singapore has to pay a very low tax, no matter whether it is personal income tax or corporate income tax, it will not exceed 20% , but it is different in China. It needs to pay 50% of the tax.” (5) 1.3. Competition regulations China’s comprehensive system of competition law (came into effect on 1 August 2008) with key rules against monopoly -> ensure fair play among competitors, monitor and regulate import and protect rights and benefits of stakeholders. (6) 1.4. Trade blocs China maintains 17 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and is implementing additional 8 FTAs → Business can lower resource costs, increase supply of talented labor, and benefit from gaining advanced technology and knowledge from foreign experts. (7) 6 2. ECONOMIC 2.1. GDP trends and rate of economic growth - GDP growth rate increases signals growth in demand -> Business leverages this trend by expanding its product range and targeting new customers (by identifying changes in consumption patterns -> emerging value proposition). - The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in China was worth 17734.06 billion US dollars in 2021. GDP in China is expected to reach 16700.00 USD Billion by the end of 2022. 2.2. Inflation Rate Impose impact on the demand of products → High inflation can cause an increase in prices (→ lose brand loyalty and constant endeavors to manage costs.) and decrease in disposable income (→ lower purchasing power). 2.3. Government Spending The government of the country is running deficit budgets → Business may expose currency depreciation risks in the medium term. 2.4. Demand Shifts from Goods Economy to Service Economy 2.5. Interest rate Moderate interest rate helps businesses take loans for development and expansion. 2.6. Unemployment rate Will affect purchasing power as well as cost of production. (Unemployment rate high → lower disposable income, unqualified labor force → high cost of production → high price , work productivity is high → employ skilled workers at competitive price). 3. SOCIAL: All social factors determine consumption and magnitude of consumption. 3.1. Demographics Gender roles, power structure in society, portion of youngsters, birth rates… 7 3.2. Education level Indicator of quality of labor force, consumption decisions and preferences. 3.3. Attitude Towards authority, savings, health, leisure experience… 4. TECHNOLOGICAL 4.1. Technological infrastructure Evaluation of technology infrastructure is imperative before entering a new market to assess how technology affects the firm’s value chain → deciding efficient production process and effective approaching strategies. 4.2. Internet penetration Leverage social media and e-commerce to increase direct retail to consumers and sales; leverage Internet’s trends to expand awareness among customers, increase customers’ loyalty. 4.3. Investment in R&D Technological innovation can boost technological upgradation in business’s policies in management, cost-effective marketing, and upgrade production procedure. potentials of 5G → Invest more in R&D to improve customers’ experience with increased delivery speed and available access. 5. ENVIRONMENTAL 5.1. Environmental regulations Have a great impact on business performance, national budget’s allocation and cost advantage in the Restaurant Industry: Need to adhere to all environmental regulations, norms, especially in countries with strict environmental law systems. 5.2. Waste management Many countries have strict norms of waste management and sustainability → Associate to the waste management authorities and institutions to be able to follow regulations on hygiene and disposal and avoid any future environmental scandals. 8 5.3. Customers’ awareness How customers evaluate green lifestyles and eco-friendly products directly impact business’s performance → altering product innovation priorities, develop sustainable products → cater traditional value proposition. 5.4. Renewable technologies Some countries offer subsidies to stimulate investment in renewable technologies → Business can leverage opportunities to invest in renewable technologies to ensure long-term sustainability → enhance brand image → increase stakeholder satisfaction and expand the customer base. 6. LEGAL 6.1. Business Laws Before entering into a new market: Business needs to assess what the business laws are and how they are different from the home market. 6.2. Transparency in Judiciary System & Processes + Time Taken for Court Proceedings Knowing these laws is essential for fair and consistent decision making + protect business’s rights. 6.3. Consumer Protection Laws Be aware of what are the consumer laws in the country, what is the rate of enforcement, what is the attitude of authorities towards consumer protection laws → Align its policies and protection for customers’ private information. 6.4. Employment Protection Laws Know clearly what employment laws and discrimination laws are in the country and are they consistent with the business model → Providing a secure, fair, equal work environment for the workforce → increase productivity and attracting talented labor. 9 6.5. Intellectual Property Rights Protection Haidilao should assess the level of protection that intellectual property rights get under the legal system of the country → protect business’s innovations and patents. 6.6. Health & Safety Laws Different countries have different attitudes towards health and safety → business conducts thorough research and needs to comply with the health and safety laws in the country, provide training, guidelines for physical and emotional safety for employees. 7.Current situation: Especially within recent years, the heavy impact of Covid-19 has negatively affected many business performance as regards PESTEL analysis as well as strongly stimulated them to invest more in R&D for sustainable development. II/ MICRO ENVIRONMENT (PORTER’S 5 FORCES) 1. RIVALRY AMONG COMPETING SELLERS Competitive Landscape China - Chinese Cuisine Market - Haidilao Leading in a Highly Fragmented Market ● The Chinese cuisine market in the PRC is highly fragmented, with the five largest players holding only 0.8% of the total market share in 2017. ● Haidilao ranked first in the Chinese cuisine market in the PRC in 2015, 2016 and 2017 in terms of revenue. ● Haidilao also had the highest annual guest traffic at approximately 103.2 million guests in 2017. ● In 2017, Haidilao was one of the fastest growing restaurant groups among major Chinese restaurant groups. ● Haidilao ranked first among major Chinese cuisine brands in terms of certain key performance indices, including but not limited to table turnover rate, annual sales per restaurant and annual guest traffic. ● Gross revenue of Haidilao is more than 2 times higher than the 2nd company. - Hot Pot Restaurant Market — Haidilao the Clear Leader ● Players in the hot pot restaurant market are intensely competitive with respect to food quality and consistency, the value of money, ambiance, service, location, supply chain, and availability of trained employees. 10 ● The five largest players in the hot pot restaurant market in the PRC only held an aggregate market share of 5.5% in terms of 2017 revenue. Haidilao ranked first in the hot pot restaurant market in the PRC in 2015, 2016 and 2017, with a 2.2% market share in terms of 2017 revenue. Global Chinese Cuisine Market - Haidilao the Clear Leader in Overseas Expansion. - In order to take advantage of the growth of the global Chinese cuisine market, a number of China-based restaurant groups have expanded overseas in the past few years. - The five largest players only held a 0.6% share of the global market in terms of 2017 revenue. Haidilao was the largest Chinese cuisine company globally in 2015, 2016, and 2017 in terms of revenue. 2. SUPPLIERS We primarily procure: - Soup base for our hot pot Yihai Group has been our primary supplier of soup base - Food ingredients, including meat, seafood and vegetables. - Decoration materials and renovation services, decoration project management services, equipment and consumables used in our restaurants. - We procure food ingredients that do not require processing from third-party suppliers and Processed Ingredients from Shuhai Group. We procured warehousing and storage services and logistic services and food ingredients from Shuhai Group. - Decoration materials, renovation services and decoration project management services from Shuyun Dongfang. - Soup base and instant hot pot products from Yihai Group. - Lamb products from Jarud Qi Haidilao. - Human resources management and consulting services from Weihai Consulting. We have entered into long-term framework agreements with these parties to secure a stable supply of goods and services. Our purchase amount from our five largest suppliers amounted to RMB 1,948.1 million, RMB 2,530.5 million, RMB 4,928.6 million and RMB 2,288.7 million in 2015, 2016 and 2017 and 11 the six months ended June 30, 2018, representing 63.3%, 68.2%, 81.7% and 51.7% of our total purchases in the respective periods. (Haidilao Global Offering, page 5) We generally have more than two qualified suppliers for each type of major food ingredient to reduce reliance on a single supplier. Through our years of operations, we have identified and established stable business relationships with high quality suppliers for our major food ingredients → Suppliers are not too concentrated. Have “Qualified Supplier List”. Since 2017, Our Group has been identifying alternative suppliers for the Haidilao Customized Products in case the supply from the Yihai Group cannot meet its requirements and demand, and has entered into an agreement with an independent third-party supplier to procure a specific type of soup base product which the Yihai Group is currently unable to manufacture → Substitute of ingredient products are available. We rely on certain connected persons for supplies and services and any shortage or interruption in supply could slow our growth and reduce our profitability. 12 Difficulty in finding reliable suppliers of food ingredients meeting our quality standards at acceptable prices and quantities → Switching cost is high. (Haidilao Global Offering, page 212) → Have strong relationships with suppliers. 13 3. BUYERS - Brand recognition. Haidilao had the strongest brand recognition and was the most popular dine-out option among Chinese cuisine brands. - Dining experience. Haidilao ranked first in terms of dining experience among Chinese cuisine restaurant brands. Approximately 99.3% of participants who have dined at Haidilao left satisfied, among which over 50% of participants were very satisfied with the dining experience. - Service. Haidilao was considered to have the best service attitude among major Chinese cuisine brands. - Differentiating factors. Participants considered Haidilao’s enthusiastic and intimate service, tasty dishes, hygiene and healthiness of the food and menu variety to be the key factors when choosing Haidilao. In particular, participants considered enthusiastic and intimate service to be the most differentiating factor in Haidilao’s dining experience. - Repeat guests. 68.3% of the participants who have dined at Haidilao visit at least once every month and 98.2% of the participants who have dined at Haidilao would visit again. - Hot pot is the most popular dine-out option in the PRC within the Chinese cuisine segment. Hot pot is popular because of the diverse food ingredients available, the ability to personalize taste preferences, the fresh and healthy cooking method and the social element of the cuisine. - Sichuan style hot pot accounted for approximately 64.2% of the PRC hot pot restaurant market in terms of revenue in 2017 and is the most popular hot pot style in the PRC, according to the F&S Survey. - The popularity of Chinese cuisine in overseas markets is increased → Buyer demand is high. 14 (Source: National Bureau of Statistics, Frost & Sullivan Analysis) - Buyer cost of switching to competing products is low. - After Covid-19, buyers’ income is lower → more price-sensitive. 4. SUBSTITUTES - Haidilao’s substitutes are: + Other restaurants: BBQ, noodles, steamed hot pot... + Self-cooking. - There are too many substitutes → increase competitive pressure. - Haidilao targets the high-end customer segment. After Covid-19, customers are more likely to be concerned about their health and diet. → increase the possibility that they cook their own meal at home. - Overall, the threat of substitutes is strong for the following reasons: + High availability of substitute products. + Low switching cost. 15 5. NEW ENTRANTS - Entry barriers and challenges: Although there may not be significant entry barriers in operating and managing a single restaurant, there are significant entry barriers in becoming a large-scale chain restaurant group with multiple restaurant locations. - Ability to manage growth. A large-scale chain restaurant generally has a large number of restaurant staff. Despite comprehensive internal policies, due to the labor-intensive nature of the restaurant business, it is more difficult to ensure that all of the staff comply with laws and regulations of multiple jurisdictions, especially the detailed and stringent regulations in relation to food safety. - Supply chain management. The quality and the taste of hot pot depend significantly on the freshness and quality of food ingredients. For a large-scale chain restaurant group, it is crucial to have the ability to procure fresh and high quality food ingredients at favorable prices from reliable suppliers and manage the inventory and logistics for food ingredients across all of its restaurants. It is also important to ensure high quality food ingredients are available at restaurants located in different regions and countries. New entrants with less supply chain management experience may not be able to manage their supply chain effectively, which may result in higher costs as well as have an adverse effect on the guest’s dining experience. - Initial set-up capital expenditure. Operating a large-scale chain restaurant group requires a large amount of initial investment for rental costs, decoration costs, equipment costs and staff costs, among others. For new entrants with less capital and less bargaining power, the initial set-up capital expenditure required for large-scale operations may be too significant and insufficient revenue generated from newly operating restaurants may create cash flow problems. - Increasing labor costs and high employee attrition. Employee attrition is a pain point of the catering industry at large. Like other restaurants, hot pot restaurants require a large number of service personnel. Low attrition rates allow restaurants to maintain their service quality and continued growth. As a result, restaurants may need to offer higher salaries in order to retain experienced personnel. 16 C/ INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT I/ ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 1. BRAND IMAGE 1.1. Name “Haidilao” The name "Haidilao" originally came from Sichuan mahjong, which is a term used in mahjong where the player wins the game with the last tile drawn by himself. When Haidilao was founded, the founder did not have extra money to advertise, so to achieve a better publicity effect, the only way to start is with the name, one is to remember, and the other is to have a good meaning. It goes without saying that Sichuan people like to play mahjong, so "Haidilao" is not only memorable, but also can be evoked at any time in life scenes. As for the good meaning, besides the good luck of winning the game, the name is also associated with the action of "fishing for food" from the pot, which is a vivid image. Therefore, the founders decided on the name "Haidilao". 1.2. Logo In 2019, based on the mid-to-high-end brand positioning and international market development strategy, Haidilao adjusted its corporate image logo, one is to change the Chinese pinyin "HaiDiLao" to English "Hi", in line with Haidilao's strategy of simultaneous high-speed expansion at home and abroad. "Hi" not only harmonizes with the first word "Hai" of "HaiDiLao", but also serves as a global symbol, which can refer to a mutual greeting of " Hi", can also be interpreted as "High" for having a good meal, which can make foreign friends easy to read and remember at the same time and better understand China's unique hot pot social culture; The second is to simplify and merge the Haidilao's pattern and characters, deleting the original wing-like pattern and simplifying the long series of pinyin characters, and merging them together into a concise combination of the circle "Hi" and the Chinese characters "Haidilao", which gives people a simple, high-end, international feeling. The "i" is designed in the shape of a chili pepper, representing the identity of Haidilao, which is known for its spicy Sichuan-style hot pot. 1.3. Slogan “KHÁCH HÀNG HÀI LÒNG – NHÂN VIÊN TẬN TÂM” 17 2. BRAND MISSION 2.1. Philosophy We are always committed to the mission of creating happy hot pot time and spreading healthy hot pot culture to foodies all over the world through selected products and innovative services. As a large restaurant chain with global outreach, following the business principle of integrity, Haidilao seeks to provide consumers with more thoughtful services and healthier, safer and better food with more nutrition, while enhancing the stability and safety of food quality. 2.2. Vision Communication is a must in establishing trust among people and Chinese hot pot is a perfect choice for enhancing social networking at table. Haidilao is committed to encouraging more people to chat with each other and enjoy their food at table, and creating a kind of table culture favored by young people around the world. 3. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 3.1. Devotion to communities While ensuring steady operation, we genuinely appreciate everyone who has supported us and never forgot our original aspiration. We actively fulfil our corporate social responsibilities, encourage our employees to participate in charity and volunteer work, contributing to local communities. 3.2. Bingwen library The name “Bingwen” is taken from the grandfather of Mr. Zhang Yong, Chairman of Haidilao in honor of the old gentleman and as a way of giving back to society. Our motto is “Think and aspire, read and learn”. The public library project was initiated to boost cultivation of the mind, encourage people to read more and better and build a place for permanent learning. Located on the third floor of Xuhai Times Square, the library fosters a dynamic modern space across an area of 1,080 square meters, which are divided into several sections by an entire GRG decorative material and book shelves. It employs the Chinese Library Classification (CLC) or Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL) scheme to classify over 30,000 books into 26 categories. Visitors can read e-books, borrow printed books, and enjoy interactive reading sessions and public lectures. 18 3.3. “Beauty in Kindness” Through the cooperation with the 5A-level foundation, Ai You Foundation, we have collected and auctioned children’s paintings at our restaurants nationwide. And the money we raise will be used to improve the living conditions and healthcare services of children struggling in poverty. We aim to provide long-term assistance to the welfare and healthcare projects of children aged 0-14. 3.4. Jianyang Tongcai Experimental School Jianyang Tongcai Experimental School is a private boarding school established in June 2001 by Sichuan Haidilao Catering Co., Ltd. Provided with the funds from Haidilao, the School is growing rapidly due to the hard work of all faculty and students, under the support of the municipal Party committee and people’s government of Jianyang City and competent education administrations at different levels. The name of Tongcai School was inspired by “Tongcai Academy”, the predecessor of Jianyang Middle School. The term “Tongcai”, literally versatile talents in Chinese, represents the mission and goals of the school that seeks to train every student to be successful with widely developed skills. II/ RESOURCES 1. TANGIBLE RESOURCES 1.1. Finance - Profit before tax of Chinese restaurant chain Haidilao Group from 2015 to 2021(in billion yuan) (7) 19 - According to Haidilao's annual report of 2021: + Total equity was 7,928,625 000 RMB. + Non current assets: 16,615,985 000 RMB. + Current assets: 11,405,502 000 RMB. → Sustainable financial position. 1.2. Physical assets - 1400+ restaurants globally. - 30 sub-warehouse across Mainland China. 2. INTANGIBLE RESOURCES 2.1. Technology Haidilao smart restaurant employs the newly self-developed IKMS System (Intelligent Kitchen Management System) to achieve integrated kitchen management: As the intelligent brain of the intelligent kitchen, IKMS is able to collect the data of all links in the intelligent kitchen and conduct multi-dimensional analysis, so as to monitor the overall status of the kitchen’s operation, production, stock and expiration date of food to achieve unified management. Combined with the technologies of machine learning and AI, IKMS aims to realize automatic production management process, intelligent and accurate inventory management, informative 20 and visualized production data, and whole life cycle monitoring of dishes to ensure product quality. Intelligent Serving: Scientific and technological innovation helps improve food safety standards. 2.2. The brand Haidilao brand value $4,656M in 2022, ranking 10th in top 25 restaurant chains in the world. (brandirectory) 2.3. Customer relationship Hai Di Lao is a well-known brand in China (Liang, Interview, 2020), so in order to acquire new customers, it is dependent on word-of-mouth. Thereafter, it attracts the customers to come back by its customer centric and employee-centric approaches. The empowered frontline employees are strong initiators for the first steps of customer relationship creation. 3. HUMAN RESOURCES 3.1. Training and development - The company provides in-house training specific for different job roles and job designs to its employees which helps them in achieving their desired job responsibilities. - The training and investment by the company in individuals leads to strong organizational commitment, and is a valuable competency in allowing the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service to benefit through a strong and committed workforce. - The training provided by the company refines individuals not only for their job roles and professional growth, but also towards personal growth and development. - Haidilao focuses on providing employees with lifelong learning opportunities, cultivating employees’ ability to explore their own potential, and promoting the growth of the Company’s talent team. As an important platform for the Company to comprehensively cultivate talents and empower employees to grow, Haidilao Learning and Development Center constantly improves training methods and forms to help employees develop in an all-round way and achieve win-win development for the Company and employees. 21 3.2. Employee well-being - Employees are the valuable resources and wealth of an enterprise. - Haidilao pays attention to employees’ sense of achievement and happiness, and is committed to providing employees with a safe and warm working environment, providing complete welfare guarantees and a high degree of humanistic care, and enhancing the Company’s cohesion and centripetal force. - Provide employees with welfare assurance, Employee care, Parent-child companionship for employees and a safe and healthy work environment. III/ CAPABILITIES 1. VALUE CHAIN & VALUE SYSTEM - Haidilao Haidilao's value chain is part of a larger value system of the industry that includes companies either upstream (suppliers) or downstream (distribution channels), or both. Managers at The Haidilao Company need to see each activity as part of that value system and how adding each activity or reducing each activity impacts the The Haidilao Company value chain. The decision is regarding where to sit in the value system. - Value Chain Activities – Primary Activities & Support Activities: As per the Value Chain model there are broadly two generic categories of activities – Primary Activities and Supporting Activities. 22 2. PRIMARY ACTIVITIES As illustrated in the Value Chain diagram, Haidilao has five generic categories of primary activities: 2.1. Inbound Logistics - These activities of Haidilao are associated with receiving, storing and disseminating the inputs of the products. It can include material handling, warehousing of physical products, as well as architecture to receive and store customer information for digital media companies. Haidilao at present has outsourced most of its inbound logistics activities. - The Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service is valued globally for its distribution system. - The company has also successfully provided products, and made them extremely accessible for countries where operating units do not exist. - This has been made possible through the highly efficient distribution system of the company that supplies products globally. - The company’s relation with dealers and suppliers is particularly string and based on strictly followed standards and criteria. 23 - This is a valuable resource for the company that allows the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service Company to exploit further opportunities in different regions and countries globally. - The Haidilao Selling Hotpot or Selling Service makes substantial investments in research and development. - The research and development function at Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service enables it to stay abreast of market trends and consumer behavior. - With knowledge of changing consumer tastes and preferences, Haidilao selling Hot Pot or Selling Service Company is able to make use of its research and development function to develop offerings that meet the changing tastes and demands. - Investment in articulate and focused R&D is a resource for the Haidilao that has allowed the business to maintain competitive focus and exploit other resources effectively. 2.2. Operations - Activities that help the organization to transform raw material into finished products. For the purpose of this article the definition is broad – it can mean using customer data to serve advertisements based on usage behavior to clients, moulding plastic to make products etc. - The Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service has high production capacities. - The brand supplies products globally at different locations, in over a hundred countries. - The streamlined production process that employs effective and efficient operational costs and inventory management systems provides a unique edge and competitiveness to the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service Company. - This in turn becomes a non-substitutable advantage for the company that allows it to explore new regions efficiently as well. 2.3. Outbound Logistics - Haidilao undertakes these activities to distribute the finished products to channel partners and final buyers. Outbound logistics activities include – processing, scheduling, warehousing, wholesalers and retailers order fulfillment, and distribution network. 24 - One of the greatest strengths and resources enjoyed by the Haidilao Selling Hotpot or Selling Service Company is its control over, and development of distribution channels. - The company’s distribution system, and the supply chain comprises a number of different distribution channels – that are agent and dealer based, and also owned and controlled by the company. - The mix of distribution channels allows the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service to have access to, and penetrate different markets, and increase the number of sales and consumption of its products. - The articulate and intricately designed distribution network has proven to be an inimitable resource for the company that has developed with time through strong relations with suppliers and distributors. 2.4. Marketing and Sales - These activities are undertaken by Haidilao to create means through which the buyer can buy a firm’s products. These activities include – marketing, channel selection, sales force management, advertising and promotion, pricing etc. - The Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service has made use of marketing communications strategically to induce higher consumption. - The strategic focus of the business is enveloped by the organizational culture, and the business vision under the strategic leadership – which in turn is inimitable. - The marketing communications for the company are thus an inimitable resource that have allowed the brand to maintain long term competitive advantage internationally. 2.5. Services - Haidilao Haidilao's needs to provide after sales services and maintenance for successful usage of the product. Service activities of Haidilao can include – training, installation services, part supply, post sales maintenance, and product forward and backend alignment of software. - The Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service provides a unique customer experience to the customers. 25 - The company offers customers high brand engagement with the experience that is memorable, and relevant for the target groups. - The company engages with the customers at multiple touchpoints, and offers a holistic experience that leads to customers wanting repeat purchases. - The engagement and brand experience for customers for the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service has also expanded beyond the basic product offering, and evolved into offering and engaging consumers with relevant content generation that allows the brand to increase its equity. - This is thus a non-substitutable advantage enjoyed by the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service. 3. SUPPORTING ACTIVITIES As the name explains, Support Activities of Haidilao are the one that supports the firm’s Primary Activities. Porter divided the Support Activities into four broad categories and each category of support activities is divisible into a number of distinct value activities that are specific to the industry in which Haidilao operates. The four generic support activities are: 3.1. Firm Infrastructure - Firm infrastructure support activities at Haidilao consists of activities such as – finance and accounting, planning, general management, quality management and legal services. - Firm infrastructure activities at Haidilao supports the entire value chain though the scope varies given that Haidilao is a diversified company even within the industry. For example the finance and planning at Haidilao are managed at corporate level while quality management, accounting and legal issues are managed at business unit level. - Haidilao Selling Hotpot or Selling Service enjoys substantial financial strength in addition to its brand strength. - The financial strength supports the company in exploring opportunities for new product developments and launches. - The financial strength is also important in allowing the company to evaluate potential mergers and acquisitions for gaining competitive advantage. 26 - The financial strength has also been a source of value for the company in helping it focus on innovation in product offerings, and maintaining consistent quality throughout different countries where it operates. - The financial strength is also valuable because of the support it offers to the company’s vast and well managed distribution system. - The financial strength is particularly important for the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service in enabling it to realize possibilities and opportunities – internally as well as externally. - The Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service is valued globally for its distribution system. - The company has also successfully provided products, and made them extremely accessible for countries where operating units do not exist. - This has been made possible through the highly efficient distribution system of the company that supplies products globally. - The company’s relation with dealers and suppliers is particularly strong and based on strictly followed standards and criteria. - This is a valuable resource for the company that allows the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service Company to exploit further opportunities in different regions and countries globally. 3.2. Human Resources Management - In an environment where each organization is striving to become a learning organization, Human Resources Management is key to the success of any organization. HRM support activities include – Recruiting, Training & Development, Selection, Hiring, People Planning, Skill Assessment and Compensation at both business unit level and corporate level. - Human resource management affects competitive advantage in any firm, but in some industries it is a defining factor. For example in the consulting companies HR is the main source of competitive advantage. - The company provides in-house training specific for different job roles and job designs to its employees which helps them in achieving their desired job responsibilities. 27 - The training provided by the company refines individuals not only for their job roles and professional growth, but also towards personal growth and development. - The training and investment by the company in individuals leads to strong organizational commitment, and is a valuable competency in allowing the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service to benefit through a strong and committed workforce. - The Haidilao Selling Hotpot or Selling Service invests substantially in its human resources. - The human resource function of the brand is important in building the competitive advantage for the company by providing it with improved talent. - The human resource function at the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service is responsible for all employee related activities – from recruiting to compensation management to succession planning and training. - The human resource function is also important for maintaining the supportive organizational culture at the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service. - The human resource function is important for the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service to grow and develop further, and exploit other resources with smoothness. - The Haidilao Selling Hotpot or Selling Service enjoys a supportive and innovative organizational culture. - The organizational culture at the company allows growth and development of not only the business at large, but also of individual employees. - The organizational culture is free sharing of information, and supports teamwork and synergy. - This is an important competency and resource for the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service which allows it to grow internationally, and support various diversifications as well. 3.3. Technology Development - Technology supports almost all activities in modern day organization. In the technology industry, technology development has become a source of competitive advantage. Technology 28 development at Haidilao may include activities such as - process engineering, feature design, technology selection, field-testing, and component design. - The technological advancements and integration at the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service are also an important resource for developing competitive advantage - The technological advancement allows the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service to maintain effectiveness and efficiency in its various business processes and operations. - The technological advancement and integration also allows a smooth management of global operations for the company which is important to maintain effective logistic management. - The technological advancements and systematic integration is a competency that allows the Haidilao Selling Hot Pot or Selling Service to build long term competitive advantage over competition. 3.4. Procurement Activities at Haidilao - Procurement activities at Haidilao include activities that are undertaken to purchase inputs that are used by Haidilao Haidilao's’s value chain. It doesn’t include purchase inputs themselves. Purchased inputs may include - raw materials, supplies, machinery, laboratory equipment, office equipment, and buildings. - Like all other value chain activities, procurement also employs technology for things such as – procedures, vendor management, information system, and supply chain partner qualification rules and ongoing performance evaluation. D/ SWOT ANALYSIS I/ SWOT 1. STRENGTHS (10) a, Human - Learning organization: Haidilao is a learning organization. It has inculcated three key characteristics of learning organization in its processes and operations – exploration, creativity, and expansiveness. The work place at Haidilao is an open place that encourages instructiveness, ideation, open minded discussions, and creativity. Employees and leaders in 29 The Haidilao Company Harvard Business Review case study emphasize – knowledge, initiative, and innovation. - Highly skilled collaborators: Haidilao has a highly efficient outsourcing and offshoring strategy. It has resulted in greater operational flexibility and bringing down the costs in the highly price sensitive segment. Secondly, the value chain collaborators of the firm in The Haidilao Company HBR case study have helped the firm to develop new products and bring them quickly to the marketplace. - Cross disciplinary teams: Horizontal connected teams at the Haidilao are driving operational speed, building greater agility, and keeping the organization nimble to compete with new competitors. It helps organizations to ideate new ideas, and execute them swiftly in the marketplace. - Ability to recruit top talent: Haidilao is one of the leading recruiters in the industry. Managers in The Haidilao Company are in a position to attract the best talent available. The firm has a robust talent identification program that helps in identifying the brightest. b, Strategy - Sustainable margins compared to other players in Strategy & Execution industry: The Haidilao Company firm has clearly differentiated products in the marketplace. This has enabled Haidilao to fetch a slight price premium compared to the competitors in the Strategy & Execution industry. The sustainable margins have also helped Haidilao to invest into research and development (R&D) and innovation. - Effective Research and Development (R&D): Haidilao has an innovation driven culture where significant part of the revenues are spent on the research and development activities. This has resulted in, as mentioned in case study The Haidilao Company - staying ahead in the industry in terms of – new product launches, superior customer experience, highly competitive pricing strategies, and great returns to the shareholders. - Organizational Resilience of Haidilao: The covid-19 pandemic has put organizational resilience at the center of everything that Haidilao does. Organizational resilience comprises Financial Resilience, Operational Resilience, Technological Resilience, Organizational Resilience, Business Model Resilience, and Reputation Resilience. - High switching costs: The high switching costs that Haidilao has built up over years in its products and services combo offer has resulted in high retention of customers, lower marketing costs, and greater ability of the firm to focus on its customers. c, Technology 30 - Digital Transformation in Strategy & Execution segment: Digital transformation varies from industry to industry. For Haidilao Haidilao's digital transformation journey comprises differing goals based on market maturity, customer technology acceptance, and organizational culture. Haidilao has successfully integrated the four key components of digital transformation – digital integration in processes, digital integration in marketing and customer relationship management, digital integration into the value chain, and using technology to explore new products and market opportunities. - Innovation driven organization: Haidilao is one of the most innovative firms in the sector. Managers in The Haidilao Company Harvard Business Review case study can use Clayton Christensen Disruptive Innovation strategies to further increase the scale of innovations in the organization. d, Product - High brand equity: Haidilao has strong brand awareness and brand recognition among both - the existing customers and potential new customers. Strong brand equity has enabled Haidilao to keep acquiring new customers and building profitable relationships with both the new and loyal customers. - Successful track record of launching new products: Haidilao has launched numerous new products in the last few years, keeping in mind evolving customer preferences and competitive pressures. Haidilao has effective processes in place that help in exploring new product needs, doing quick pilot testing, and then launching the products quickly using its extensive distribution network. 2. WEAKNESSES (10) a, Human - Compensation and incentives: The revenue per employee as mentioned in the HBR case study The Haidilao Company, is just above the industry average. Haidilao Haidilao's needs to redesign the compensation structure and incentives to increase the revenue per employee. Some of the steps that it can take are – hiring more specialists on project basis, etc. - Employees’ incomplete understanding of strategy: From the instances in the HBR case study The Haidilao Company, it seems that the employees of Haidilao don’t have a comprehensive understanding of the firm’s strategy. This is reflected in a number of promotional campaigns over the last few years that had mixed messaging and competing 31 priorities. Some of the strategic activities and services promoted in the promotional campaigns were not consistent with the organization’s strategy. b, Strategy - Capital Spending Reduction: Even during the low interest decade, Haidilao has not been able to do capital spending to the tune of the competition. This has resulted in fewer innovations and companies facing stiff competition from both existing competitors and new entrants who are disrupting the industry using digital technology. - Slow decision making process: As mentioned earlier in the report, Haidilao has a very deliberative decision making approach. This approach has resulted in prudent decisions, but it has also resulted in missing opportunities in the industry over the last five years. Haidilao, even though it has strong showing on digital transformation in the first two stages, has struggled to capitalize the power of digital transformation in marketing efforts and new venture efforts. - High dependence on existing supply chain: The disruption in the global supply chains because of the Covid-19 pandemic and blockage of the Suez Canal illustrated the fragile nature of Haidilao Haidilao's supply chain. Even after a few cautionary changes mentioned in the HBR case study - The Haidilao Company, it is still heavily dependent upon the existing supply chain. The existing supply chain brings in cost efficiencies but it has left Haidilao vulnerable to further global disruptions in South East Asia. - High bargaining power of channel partners: Because of the regulatory requirements, F. Warren McFarlan, Zheng Xiaoming, Ziqian Zhao suggest that Haidilao is facing the high bargaining power of the channel partners. So far it has not been able to streamline the operations to reduce the bargaining power of the value chain partners in the industry. c, Product - Products dominated business model: Even though Haidilao has some of the most successful products in the industry, this business model has made each new product launch extremely critical for continuous financial growth of the organization. firm in the HBR case study - The Haidilao Company should strive to include more intangible value offerings along with its core products and services. - High operating costs: Compared to the competitors, firm in the HBR case study The Haidilao Company has high operating costs in the. This can be harder to sustain given the new emerging competition from nimble players who are using technology to attract Haidilao's lucrative customers. 32 - Slow to strategic competitive environment developments: As The Haidilao Company HBR case study mentions - Haidilao takes time to assess the upcoming competitions. This has led to missing out on at least 2-3 big opportunities in the industry in the last five years. - No frontier risks strategy: After analyzing the HBR case study The Haidilao Company, it seems that the company is thinking about the frontier risks that can impact Strategy & Execution strategy. But it has very little resources allocation to manage the risks emerging from events such as natural disasters, climate change, melting of permafrost, tackling the rise of artificial intelligence, opportunities and threats emerging from commercialization of space etc. - Low market penetration in new markets: Outside its home market of Haidilao Haidilao, firm in the HBR case study The Haidilao Company needs to spend more promotional, marketing, and advertising efforts to penetrate international markets. 3. OPPORTUNITIES (10) a, Human - Remote work and new talent hiring opportunities: The widespread usage of remote working technologies during Covid-19 has opened opportunities for Haidilao to expand its talent hiring zone. According to McKinsey Global Institute, 20% of the high end workforce in fields such as finance, information technology, can continuously work from remote local post Covid-19. This presents a really great opportunity for Haidilao to hire the very best people irrespective of their geographical location. b, Strategy - Increase in government spending: As the United States and other governments are increasing social spending and infrastructure spending to build economies post Covid-19, Haidilao can use these opportunities to build new business models that can help the communities that Haidilao operates in. Secondly it can use opportunities from government spending in the Strategy & Execution sector. - Using analytics as a competitive advantage: Haidilao has spent a significant amount of money and effort to integrate analytics and machine learning into its operations in the sector. This continuous investment in analytics has enabled, as illustrated in the Harvard case study The Haidilao Company - to build a competitive advantage using analytics. The analytics driven competitive advantage can help Haidilao To build faster Go To Market strategies, better consumer insights, developing relevant product features, and building a highly efficient supply chain. 33 - Developing new processes and practices: Haidilao can develop new processes and procedures in Strategy & Execution industry using technology such as automation using artificial intelligence, real time transportation and products tracking, 3D modeling for concept development and new products pilot testing etc. c, Technology - Leveraging digital technologies: Haidilao can leverage digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to automate the production process, customer analytics to get better insights into consumer behavior, realtime digital dashboards to get better sales tracking, logistics and transportation, product tracking, etc. - Lowering marketing communication costs: 5G expansion will open new opportunities for Haidilao in the field of marketing communication. It will bring down the cost of doing business, provide a technology platform to build new products in the Strategy & Execution segment, and it will provide faster access to the consumers. - Buying journey improvements: Haidilao can improve the customer journey of consumers in the industry by using analytics and artificial intelligence. The Haidilao Company suggests that firms can provide automated chats to help consumers solve their own problems, provide online suggestions to get maximum out of the products and services, and help consumers to build a community where they can interact with each other to develop new features and uses. - Use of Bitcoin and other crypto currencies for transactions: The popularity of Bitcoin and other crypto currencies as asset class and medium of transaction has opened new opportunities for Haidilao in the consumer business. Now Haidilao can target international markets with far fewer capital restrictions requirements than the existing system. d, Products - Loyalty marketing: Haidilao has focused on building a highly responsive customer relationship management platform. This platform is built on in-house data and driven by analytics and artificial intelligence. The customer analytics can help the organization to fine tune its loyalty marketing efforts, increase the wallet share of the organization, reduce wastage on mainstream advertising spending, build better pricing strategies using personalization, etc. - Creating value in data economy: The success of the analytics program of Haidilao has opened avenues for new revenue streams for the organization in the industry. This can help Haidilao to build a more holistic ecosystem as suggested in the The Haidilao Company case study. Haidilao can build new products and services such as - data insight services, data privacy related products, data based consulting services, etc. 34 - Better consumer reach: The expansion of the 5G network will help Haidilao to increase its market reach. Haidilao will be able to reach out to new customers. Secondly, 5G will also provide a technology framework to build new tools and products that can help more immersive consumer experience and faster consumer journey. - Finding new ways to collaborate: Covid-19 has not only transformed business models of companies in Strategy & Execution industry, but it has also influenced consumer preferences. Haidilao can tie-up with other value chain partners to explore new opportunities regarding meeting customer demands and building a rewarding and engaging relationship. - Harnessing reconfiguration of the global supply chains: As the trade war between US and China heats up in the coming years, Haidilao can build a diversified supply chain model across various countries in - South East Asia, India, and other parts of the world. This reconfiguration of the global supply chain can help, as suggested in case study, The Haidilao Company, to buy more products closer to the markets, and it can leverage its size and influence to get better deals from the local markets. 4. THREATS (10) a, Human - High level of anxiety and lack of motivation: The Great Resignation in the United States is the sign of broader dissatisfaction among the workforce in the United States. Haidilao Haidilao's needs to understand the core reasons impacting the Strategy & Execution industry. This will help it in building a better workplace. - Aging population: As the populations of most advanced economies are aging, it will lead to high social security costs, higher savings among the population, and lower demand for goods and services in the economy. The household savings in the US, France, UK, Germany, and Japan are growing faster than predicted because of uncertainty caused by the pandemic. - Increasing wage structure of Haidilao: Post Covid-19 there is a sharp increase in the wages especially in the jobs that require interaction with people. The increasing wages can put downward pressure on the margins of Haidilao. - Learning curve for new practices: As the technology based on artificial intelligence and machine learning platform is getting complex, as highlighted in case study The Haidilao Company, Haidilao may face a longer learning curve for training and development of existing employees. This can open space for more nimble competitors in the field of Strategy & Execution. b, Strategy 35 - Capital market disruption: During the Covid-19, Dow Jones has touched record high. The valuations of a number of companies are way beyond their existing business model potential. This can lead to capital market correction which can put a number of suppliers, collaborators, value chain partners in great financial difficulty. It will directly impact the business of Haidilao. - New competition: After the dotcom bust of 2001, the financial crisis of 2008-09, the business formation in the US economy had declined. But in 2020 alone, there will be more than 1.5 million new business applications in the United States. This can lead to greater competition for Haidilao Haidilao in the Strategy & Execution sector and impact the bottomline of the organization. - Instability in the European markets: European Union markets are facing three big challenges post Covid – expanded balance sheets, Brexit related business disruption, and aggressive Russia looking to distract the existing security mechanism. Haidilao will face different problems in different parts of Europe. For example, it will face inflationary pressures in the UK, France, and Germany, balance sheet expansion and demand challenges in Southern European countries, and geopolitical instability in the Eastern Europe. - Trade war between China and the United States: The trade war between two of the biggest economies can hugely impact the opportunities for Haidilao in the Strategy & Execution industry. The Strategy & Execution industry is already protected from local competition in China, with the rise of trade war the protection levels may go up. This presents a clear threat to the current business model in the Chinese market. - Easy access to finance: Easy access to finance in Strategy & Execution field will also reduce the barriers to entry in the industry, thus putting downward pressure on the prices because of increasing competition. Haidilao can utilize it by borrowing at lower rates and invest it into research and development, capital expenditure to fortify its core competitive advantage. - Environmental challenges: Haidilao Haidilao's needs to have a robust strategy against the disruptions arising from climate change and energy requirements. The EU has identified it as a key priority area and is spending 30% of its 880 billion Euros European post Covid-19 recovery funds on green technology. Haidilao can take advantage of this fund but it will also bring new competitors in the Strategy & Execution industry. c, Technology - Backlash against dominant players: US Congress and other legislative arms of the government are getting tough on big business especially technology companies. The digital 36 arm of Haidilao Haidilao's business can come under increasing regulations regarding data privacy, data security, etc. - Technology disruption because of hacks, piracy etc: The colonial pipeline illustrated how vulnerable modern organizations are to international hackers, miscreants, and disruptors. The cyber security interruption, data leaks, etc can seriously jeopardize the future growth of the organization. d, Product - Shortening product life cycle: it is one of the major threats that Haidilao is facing in the Strategy & Execution sector. It can lead to higher research and development costs, higher marketing expenses, lower customer loyalty, etc. II/ SWOT STRATEGIES 1. SO STRATEGY (9) - The geographic presence of The Haidilao Company in different regions can help the organisation to get into the international market and target the geographically dispersed customer base. - Strong online presence on different social networking sites of The Haidilao Company can allow the organisation to exploit opportunities offered by the growing e-commerce trend. - The well-developed and efficiently integrated IT infrastructure of The Haidilao Company allows it to take advantage of emerging innovative technologies. 2. WO STRATEGY (9) - Project management practices can be improved to exploit the opportunities offered by emerging market segments. It will allow the organisation to successfully handle new product development projects. - The Haidilao Company can reduce the job stress and increase workers’ morale to launch new and creative products by exploiting creative thinking capabilities of its workforce. - The Haidilao Company can improve the customer service to generate positive word of mouth on different social networking sites. 37 3. ST STRATEGY (9) - The Haidilao Company's access to the suppliers that offer raw material at a lower cost can help it overcome the threat imposed by rising inflation. - Competent and committed human capital of The Haidilao Company can overcome the labour shortage problem in the market. - Workplace diversity can help an organisation to take globalisation as an opportunity instead of threat due to high cross-cultural intelligence. 4. WT STRATEGY (9) - An organisation may increase the expenditure on the research and development activities to cope with the competitive pressure due to the rising number of indirect and direct competitors. - The organisation can improve waste management practices and integrate sustainability in business operations. It will help the organisation to effectively handle environmental pressure. - The pricing strategy can be resettled and realigned to maximise the value for money and overcome challenges imposed by deteriorating economic conditions. E/ REFERENCES (1) Haidilao Intl (Hong Kong) PESTEL / PEST / STEP Analysis. Available at: https://embapro.com/frontpage/pestelcoanalysis/8417-haidilao-intl?fbclid=IwAR1n7PCuERI m3ArMXYgnaG9lZsUpZMbp_82D6HyWCNkdQ1NJMKNro9Xvf9E (2) F. Warren McFarlan, Zheng Xiaoming, Ziqian Zhao, 2018, The Haidilao Company Harvard Business Review Case Study, published by HBR Publications. 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