Laboratory Equipments
Lab rules
Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the
laboratory.
2. Safety goggles and lab coat must be worn whenever you
work in the lab. Gloves should be worn whenever you use
chemicals that cause skin irritations or when you need to
handle hot equipment.
3. Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety
equipment including the first aid kit, eyewash station, safety
shower, spill kit, fire extinguisher, and fire blanket. Know
where the fire alarm and the exits are located.
4. Notify the instructor immediately of any unsafe conditions
you observe.
5. Dispose all chemical waste properly. Solid chemicals, metals,
matches, filter paper, and all other insoluble materials are to
be disposed of in the proper waste containers.
1.
7.
Labels and equipment instructions must be read
carefully before use.
8. Keep hands away from your face, eyes, mouth, and
body while using chemicals.
9. Wash your hands with soap and water after performing
all experiments.
10. If you spill acid or any other corrosive chemical on you
skin or clothes, immediately wash the area with large
amounts of water (remember that small amounts of
water may be worse than no water at all).
Test Tubes
• -used for mixing, heating, and storing small
quantities of chemicals.
• – many different sizes
Test Tube Rack
• Racks made of wood, metal, or plastic
- used for holding test tubes upright when they
contain chemicals
- also to hold test tubes upside down to dry.
Test Tube Holder
• Tongs used to hold and transport hot test
tubes
– Made of stainless steel or brass
Beaker
• used for mixing and heating chemicals
DO NOT USE FOR
MEASURING EXACT VOLUME.
Conical Flask
• used for mixing, heating and storing chemicals
• Shape allows contents to be swirled without spilling
and slows the rate at which contents cool.
• DO NOT USE FOR MEASURING EXACT VOLUMES.
Electronic Balance
• Digital balance used to measure the mass of
substances
• very accurate and precise.
Thermometer
• Sealed glass tube containing a colored alcohol
solution that is used to measure the
temperature of a substance.
Graduated Measuring Cylinder
• Glass cylinders with many markings that are
used to measure liquid volumes accurately.
• Always use the smallest volume that can hold
the volume you want to measure so that the
measurement will be most
accurate
Burette
• is used to measure and dispense liquid volumes
accurately with decimal places.
Volumetric Pipette
• Glass tubes are used to measure small liquid volumes
very accurately
.– Some are straight tubes, while
others have a bulb-shaped reservoir
in the middle
Volumetric Flask
• used for preparing solutions and diluting
chemicals
• tear-drop shaped with a long cylindrical neck
Dropper / graduated Pipette
• A glass or plastic device consisting of a bulb
and a stem that is used for transferring and
dispensing small volumes of liquids.
Bunsen Burner
•Device used for heating chemicals and equipment
Parts of burner
• Barrel
• Air holes
• Collar
• Gas jet
• Gas tap
• Base
Two types of flame in Burner
Luminous Flame
Air holes are closed
Non luminous Flame
Air holes are opened
Flame colour
• Yellow flame
• Blue flame
Hotness
• Not very hot
• Very hot
Visiblity
• Visible
• Invisible
Use
• For lighting
• For heating
Problem
• Smoke is
produced
• No smoke is
produced
Hot Plate
• used to heat chemicals instead of Bunsen
burners when open flames are not
appropriate in the laboratory (why?)
Mortar and Pestle
• Used to grind solid chemicals into smaller
pieces so that they may dissolve or react with
other chemicals more quickly.
Forceps
• Forceps (not "tweezers") are made of stainless
steel and are used to handle small pieces of
solid material.
Evaporating Dish
• thin-walled ceramic dish used to evaporate
the liquid away from a small volume of
solution
– This is done to collect the solute that is
dissolved in a solution.
Scoop style spatula
• Used to scoop (solid) chemicals and transfer
them, and to scrape chemicals from
containers, much like a spatula is used to
scrape food from a bowl.
Stirring Rod
• Narrow glass rod used to stir mixtures and facilitate
the pouring of liquids.
– Glass is best because of its resistance
to chemical reactivity.
Retort Stand
- is used to provide support for other lab
equipment and a way of raising equipment
above the work surface.
Wire Gauze
• A metal mesh screen with a ceramic fiber
circle in the center that is used for supporting
beakers and flasks when they are being
heated with a Bunsen Burner
Iron Ring
• When attached to a ring stand, this device is used to
support laboratory equipment above the work
surface
Crucible
• Small ceramic dish (with a lid that is used to
heat chemicals (usually solids) to high
temperatures
.– This may be necessary to dry a solid
completely, or to initiate a reaction outside of
solution.
Clay Triangle
• Used to support crucibles when heating them.
• The triangle is set on top of an
iron ring, and the crucible sits
down in the center of the
triangle.
Clamp
• A clamp used to provide stability and support
for other equipment by attaching the
equipment to a ring stand
Funnel
• Used for transferring liquids(sometimes
powders) to containers with small openings, in
order to prevent spills. Can also be used with
filter paper in the process of filtration
Crucible Tongs
• Tongs are made of stainless steel or brass that
are used for handling crucibles, evaporating
dishes, and other hot objects.
Wash Bottle
• Most commonly used to store and dispense
distilled water
– Wash bottle can be used to dispense distilled
water whenever it is needed in an
experimental procedure, as well as to provide
a final rinse when glassware is washed at the
end of an experiment.
Hazardous signs