Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Machines
ELE 271 – spring 2023
Lab Report
Student Name: Mohamed Mahmoud Abdullah
Student ID: 221101457
Program: Mechatronics Engineering
Experiment Title: Synchronous Machine & Dc motor
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Machines
ELE 271 – spring 2023
Synchronous Machine
Introduction:
A synchronous machine is an electrical machine whose rotating speed is proportional to the
frequency of the alternating current supply and independent of the load.
Mechanism:
A rotary electric machine whose rotor rotates in synchronization with a rotating field that
has been produced by an AC current flowing through a stator winding, is called a
synchronous machine.
Since the induction motor has no DC field winding, there is no sustained field current in the
rotor to provide flux as is the case with a synchronous machine.
Components:
The main components of a synchronous motor include:
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Stator: The stationary part of the motor that contains the stator windings which produce a
rotating magnetic field.
Rotor: The rotating part of the motor that contains the rotor windings which interact with
the stator magnetic field to produce
Excitation system: The system that provides the DC current to the rotor windings to create
the magnetic field in the rotor.
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Bearings: The components that support and allow the rotor to rotate smoothly.
•
Shaft: The component that connects the rotor to the load being driven.
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Machines
ELE 271 – spring 2023
•
End bells: The covers that enclose the stator and rotor and protect them from
environmental factors.
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Cooling system: The system that removes heat generated by the motor during operation to
prevent overheating.
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Prime mover: The device that provides the mechanical power to drive the motor, such as a
steam turbine or internal combustion engine.
Applications:
1. Power generation: Synchronous generators are commonly used in power plants to
produce electrical power from various energy sources such as coal, natural gas, or
renewable sources like wind and hydro.
2. Motor applications: Synchronous motors are used in industrial applications where a
constant speed is required, such as in paper mills, textile mills, steel mills, and
chemical plants.
3. Power factor correction: Synchronous motors can be used in systems that require
precise control of the power factor, such as in large industrial plants or in electrical
grids.
Conclusion:
Synchronous machines are widely used in power generation, industrial applications, and
high-performance drive systems. They maintain a constant speed under varying loads, have
high efficiency, and precise control of power factor. Despite being more expensive due to
their complex construction and external excitation requirement, they are essential in
meeting the growing demand for reliable and efficient power generation and industrial
systems.
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Machines
ELE 271 – spring 2023
Dc motor
Introduction:
A DC motor is defined as a class of electrical motors that convert direct current electrical
energy into mechanical energy.
Mechanism:
A DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by the interaction of a
magnetic field produced by the stator and a current-carrying conductor in the rotor. The
main components include the stator, rotor, commutator, brushes, and shaft. When current
flows through the armature, it produces a torque that rotates the rotor. The commutator
and brushes reverse the direction of current to maintain a constant direction of torque. The
shaft connects the rotor to the load being driven.
Components:
The main components of a DC motor include:
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•
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Stator: The stationary part of the motor that contains the magnets or
electromagnets that produce a magnetic field.
Rotor: The rotating part of the motor that contains the armature, which is a set of
conductive wires that carry current.
Commutator: A cylindrical component attached to the rotor that acts as a switch,
reversing the direction of current in the armature as it rotates.
Brushes: Stationary conductive components that make contact with the
commutator, allowing current to flow from the power source to the rotor.
Shaft: The component that connects the rotor to the load being driven, such as a fan
or conveyor belt.
End bells: The covers that enclose the stator and rotor and protect them from
environmental factors.
Faculty of Engineering
Electrical Machines
ELE 271 – spring 2023
•
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Cooling system: The system that removes heat generated by the motor during
operation to prevent overheating.
Power source: The source of electrical energy that provides the current to drive the
motor, such as a battery or power supply.
Applications:
1. Electric vehicles: DC motors are used in electric vehicles, such as cars and
motorcycles, to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the wheels.
2. Medical equipment: DC motors are used in medical equipment, such as surgical tools
and MRI machines, to provide precise and reliable motion control.
3. Renewable energy: DC motors are used in renewable energy systems, such as wind
turbines and solar trackers, to convert the energy from wind and sunlight into
electrical energy.
Conclusion:
DC motors are electrical machines that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
through the interaction of a magnetic field and a current-carrying conductor in the rotor.
They are versatile and widely used in various applications, from industrial machinery and
household appliances to electric vehicles and aerospace systems. DC motors provide precise
and reliable motion control, and their efficiency and reliability make them popular. They will
continue to play an important role in meeting the growing demand for efficient, reliable,
and precise motion control.