Pointwise
Tutorial Workbook
Copyright © 2009 Pointwise, Inc.
All rights reserved.
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Pointwise, Inc.
213 S. Jennings Ave.
Fort Worth, Texas 76104-1107, USA
Phone: (817) 377-2807
Toll free: (800) 4PTWISE
Fax: (817) 377-2799
Email: support@pointwise.com
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Pointwise, Gridgen, and Get the Point are registered trademarks and GridgenGlyph and PointwiseGlyph are
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Pointwise® uses the Qt® toolkit from Qt Software, a subsidiary of Nokia Corporation. Nokia, the Nokia logo, Qt®,
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7.COPYRIGHT
INDEMNITY.
AND
PATENT
PWI assures Licensee that, to the
best of PWI's knowledge, the
Licensed Products do not infringe
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In the event any legal
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OR ANY PARTY FOR ANY SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL,
INDIRECT,
OR
CONSEQUENTIAL
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WHATSOEVER
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OF
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INFORMATION, OR ANY OTHER
PECUNIARY LOSS) ARISING OUT OF
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THE LICENSED PRODUCTS EVEN IF
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AND REGARDLESS OF THE FAULT OR
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9.MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT.
11.GENERAL TERMS.
(a)PWI will be responsible for
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corrections
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Licensee may terminate this License
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Upon termination, Licensee shall
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i
Tutorial Workbook
Table of Contents
1. 2D NACA 6412 Airfoil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.1
1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2
1.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2
1.3 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.2
1.4 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3
1.5 Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.3
1.6 Database Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4
1.7 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4
1.8 Connector Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.4
1.9 Dimension Trailing Edge Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5
1.10 Adjusting Spacing Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5
1.11 Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.5
1.12 Save Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1.6
2. Layer Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.2
Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.2
Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.2
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.3
Geometry Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.3
Layer Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.4
Working with Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2.6
ii
2.8 Using Layer Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8
2.9 The Current Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.9
2.10 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.10
3. Backward Step . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1
3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
3.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
3.3 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2
3.4 CAE Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
3.5 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
3.6 Connector Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3
3.7 Adjusting Spacing Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4
3.8 Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5
3.9 Additional Spacing Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
3.10 New Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
3.11 Domain Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7
3.12 Connector Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7
3.13 More Domains and Block Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.8
3.14 BCs and Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9
3.15 Save Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10
3.16 CAE Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.10
4. Pipe In A Cube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1
4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5 CAE Solver Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.6 Database Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.7 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.8 Outer Surface Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.9 Pipe Surface Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.10 Boundary Layer Block Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.11 Unstructured Domain Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.12 Unstructured Block Creation and Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.13 Save Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.14 CAE Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.5
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
5. Boeing 747 Nacelle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.1
5.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2
iii
5.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2
5.3 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.2
5.4 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3
5.5 CAE Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3
5.6 Database Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3
5.7 File Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.3
5.8 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.4
5.9 Database Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.4
5.10 Surface Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5
5.11 Boundary Layer Block Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.5
5.12 Remaining Connector and Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.7
5.13 Unstructured Block Creation and Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.8
5.14 Set Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.10
5.15 Save Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.11
5.16 CAE Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5.11
6. Transition Duct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.1
6.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2
6.2 Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2
6.3 Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.2
6.4 Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3
6.5 CAE Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.3
6.6 Database Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.4
6.7 Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.4
6.8 Database Modification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.4
6.9 Surface Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.5
6.10 Adjusting Spacing Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.5
6.11 Domain Smoothing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.6
6.12 Boundary Layer Block Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.7
6.13 Remaining Connector and Domain Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.8
6.14 Structured Block Creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.10
6.15 Set Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.11
6.16 Save Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.12
6.17 CAE Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6.12
7. Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7.1
iv
Chapter 1
2D NACA 6412 Airfoil
1.1
1.2 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
1.1 Overview
Guide
If you are unsure of which
toolbar button to click for a
certain
command
in
the
tutorial,
use
the
Quick
Reference ( Table 1.1 ) at the
beginning of each tutorial. It
will show the major toolbar
commands used in that tutorial
along with the commands’
associated buttons.
This section contains a brief overview of generating a basic 2D mesh within
Pointwise. If you have never used Pointwise before, you should work through
this and the other tutorials before applying Pointwise to actual problems.
1.2 Commands
In Table 1.1, you will find a display of the most commonly used toolbar
commands for this tutorial. Feel free to reference the table as you work
through following sections.
Table 1.1: Quick Reference for Toolbar Commands
Toolbar
Command
Toolbar
Command
Connectors on
Database Entities
Spacing
Constraints Mask
All Masks On/Off
Spacing
1.3 Geometry
The geometry to be meshed is a 2D NACA 6412 airfoil. NACA airfoils are
commonly used for validation of new CFD methods.
F i g u r e 1 . 1 : T h e g e o m e t r y t o be m e s h e d is a 2 D N A C A 6 4 1 2 a i r f o i l .
1.3
1 . 4 To p o l o g y
An O-topology grid created by hyperbolic extrusion will be used in meshing
the 2D NACA 6412.
F i g u r e 1 . 2 : Th e t op o l o g y t o b e u s e d in m e s hi n g t h e 2 D N A C A 6 4 1 2
i s a s i m p l e h y p er b o l i c al l y ex t r u d e d “ O ” t o p o l o g y g r i d .
1.5 Getting Started
Start Pointwise by one of the following methods:
• Enter the string pointwise at the command prompt (Unix/Linux).
• Double-click the Pointwise desktop shortcut (Windows).
• Double-click the Pointwise application in Applications/Pointwise
(Mac).
After a few seconds Pointwise will start, and the graphical user interface
should appear. Remember that Table 1.1 can be used for reference if you are
not sure which command toolbar buttons to select as you work through this
tutorial.
Guide
It is not always obvious how
many entities are included in a
geometry file simply from
looking at the Display window.
Use the List headers, import
summary in the Messages
window and Select, Entity
Count for database entity
totals. The database geometry
for this tutorial includes very
small curves at the trailing
edge.
Some operations may
require zooming up on this
portion of the geometry.
1.4 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
1.6 Database Import
Guide
Often using the List is quicker
for entity selection, particularly
when using all available entities
of a particular type. This can be
done quickly by clicking an
entity type icon in the List
without any changes to the
Mask.
The geometry you will use for this example is in an IGES file named
NACA6412.igs. It is located in your Pointwise installation directory in the /
tutorials/2DAirfoil/ directory. You may want to copy it to a local directory
before trying to import it into Pointwise.
1. File, Import, Database
2. Select NACA6412.igs from the file browser.
3. Open
1.7 Defaults
Before you begin constructing your grid, you will need to set the default
number of grid points that will be applied to all of the new connectors you
create.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure the Connector frame is checked.
3. Toggle on Dimension.
4. 75
This setting defines how many grid points will be applied to each newly
created connector.
1.8 Connector Creation
Use the Connectors on Database Entities command to quickly create the
connectors that define the shape of the NACA airfoil.
1. Select all four database curves.
2. Click Connectors on Database Entities on the toolbar.
To make the connector grid points visible, use the Attributes command to
change the way they are drawn.
1. Select all four connectors.
2. Click Attributes on the toolbar.
3. Select Draw Using: Intervals
4. Update Entity Display
5. Close
1.5
1 . 9 D i m e n s i o n Tr a i l i n g E d g e C o n n e c t o r s
There are more grid points than necessary to resolve the trailing edge base of
the airfoil. Use an average spacing to set a new dimension for these two
connectors. It may be necessary to zoom in on the trailing edge to select
these connectors in the Display window, or simply select them using the List.
Guide
The spacing constraint locations
and values can be seen in the
below image.
1. Select the two small connectors on the trailing edge.
2. Grid, Dimension
3. Toggle on Average Δ s.
4. 0.0005
5. Dimension
6. OK
These connectors now have a much more reasonable dimension of 4 grid
points each. This same spacing value will be used to cluster the upper and
lower connectors’ grid points to the trailing edge in the next step.
1.10 Adjusting Spacing Constraints
Spacing constraints within the mesh will help control how tightly the grid
lines are clustered in certain regions. The spacing constraints you will need to
set will cluster grid points toward the leading and trailing edges of the airfoil
to resolve the geometric shape. The initial step size used for the extrusion
later will cluster grid lines to the airfoil itself.
1. Click the All Masks On/Off button to mask all entity types.
2. Check the Spacing Constraints mask.
This sets the Pick Mask so that only spacing constraints
will be selectable from the Display window.
3. Select the spacing constraints at the trailing edge on the upper and
lower airfoil connectors.
4. Click in Spacing on the toolbar.
5. 0.0005
6. Select the spacing constraints at the leading edge on the upper and
lower airfoil connectors.
7. 0.005
1.11 Domain Creation
The rest of the mesh will be created via domain extrusion. All four connectors
will be extruded in a normal direction outward from the airfoil. The outer
boundary will be the final front of the extrusion.
To select multiple constraints,
like at the trailing edge, hold
the Ctrl key during selection or
simply use a selection box in
conjunction with the Mask.
1.6 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
1. Check the Connectors mask.
Guide
2. Select all connectors.
3. Create, Extrude, Normal
The location of the branch
connector, the one spanning
between the trailing edge and
the
outer
boundary,
is
determined by where the initial
extrusion front loop begins and
ends.
This tutorial uses the
default location at the trailing
edge. You can use the Edge
Assembly tab of the Normal
extrusion command to control
where the beginning and
ending of the initial edge loop
is and thus the location of the
connector between the airfoil
and outer boundary.
4. Done
5. Click on the Normal, Attributes tab.
6. Check the Step Size frame.
7. Enter 0.0001 for Initial Δ s.
8. Check the Orientation frame.
9. Press Flip if the marching vectors do not point out from the airfoil.
10. Click on the Normal, Run tab.
11. Enter 91 for Steps.
12. Run
13. OK
(dom-1 is saved.)
F i g u r e 1 . 3 : T h e f in i s he d m e s h di s p la y s t h e e x c e l l e nt o r t h o g o n al i t y
produced by hyperbolic extrusion.
1.12 Save Project
Saving your project file allows you to easily come back and work with your
mesh in Pointwise while retaining all previously used layer and display
1.7
settings. You are encouraged to save a project file for every database and/or
meshing case on which you work.
Guide
1. Click Save on the toolbar.
2. Save the project file using the standard file browser that appears.
By saving your grid and
database to a project file you
save your current workspace.
This makes editing the grid later
on much easier since many of
your Pointwise settings for the
grid will be remembered in the
project file.
1.8 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
Chapter 2
Layer Manager
2.1
2.2 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
2.1 Overview
Guide
If you are unsure of which
toolbar button to click for a
certain
command
in
the
tutorial,
use
the
Quick
Reference ( Table 2.1 ) at the
beginning of each tutorial. It
will show the major toolbar
commands used in that tutorial
along with the commands
associated buttons.
This section contains an overview of using the Layer Manager in Pointwise.
The Layer Manager is used to organize database entities into logical sets, or
layers, for display control. Display of each layer or sets of layers can be quickly
turned on or off to control which entities are rendered. In this way, you can
quickly isolate the portion of a complex database you need for the task at
hand and turn off the remaining entities so they do not clutter the Display
window.
In this tutorial, you will import a geometry from an IGES file and organize it
into layers. You will also modify some of the database’s display attributes to
make it easier to see the shape of the geometry. In addition, you will try out
several selection methods to show how each has advantages for particular
selection situations.
2.2 Commands
In Table 2.1, you will find a display of the most commonly used toolbar
commands for this tutorial. Feel free to reference the table as you work
through following sections.
Table 2.1: Quick Reference for Toolbar Commands
Toolbar
Command
Recall View +X
Toolbar
Command
Attributes
2.3 Geometry
F i g u r e 2 . 1 : T h e t u t o r i a l g e o m e t r y r e pr e s e n t s a s i m p l if i e d 7 4 7
n a c e ll e a n d c e n t e r b o d y.
2.3
The geometry to be organized into layers is a notional 747 nacelle and
centerbody.
Guide
2.4 Getting Started
Start Pointwise by one of the following methods:
• Enter the string pointwise at the command prompt (Unix/Linux).
• Double-click the Pointwise desktop shortcut (Windows).
• Double-click the Pointwise application in Applications/Pointwise
(Mac).
After a few seconds Pointwise will start, and the graphical user interface
should appear. Remember that Table 2.1 can be used for reference if you are
not sure which command toolbar buttons to select as you work through this
tutorial.
2.5 Geometry Import
The geometry you will use for this tutorial is an IGES file named
747_nacelle.igs. It is located in your Pointwise installation directory in the /
tutorials/LayerManager/ directory. You may want to copy it to a local
directory before importing it into Pointwise.
Assuming you have copied 747_nacelle.igs to your local directory, import it
via the File menu:
1. File, Import, Database
2.Double-click on 747_nacelle.igs.
The file will be imported into Pointwise. It should appear as in Figure 2.2
depending on your current view orientation.
F i g u r e 2 . 2 : T h e 74 7 n a c e l l e g e o m e t r y a p pe a r s a s a b lu e w i r e f r a m e
when first imported.
The Layer Manager is just a way
to organize a database. Sets of
entities are added to layers and
entity display can be controlled
on a per layer basis so that
many entities can be controlled
together.
2.4 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
2.6 Layer Assignment
Guide
Many selection operations are
easier in one view than in
another.
To
select
the
centerbody surfaces, using the
Recall View +X toolbar button
quickly gives a view that makes
them easy to select. The 747
nacelle geometry looks like this
in a +X view:
You will organize the geometry into three layers corresponding to the
centerbody, the inner nacelle, and the outer nacelle. To help visualize the
process, you will change the display attributes of the database surfaces as you
assign them to layers.
The first layer to create is the centerbody. The centerbody surfaces are easily
selected if you look down the axis of the nacelle, which is the x-direction.
1. Click Recall View +X on the toolbar. The Display window should
look like the Guide figure after you switch to the +X view.
2. Use a selection box to select the centerbody surfaces by moving the
cursor to a point slightly to the left and above the centerbody in the
Display window, then holding down the left mouse button and
dragging to the right and below the centerbody, and releasing the
mouse button (see Figure 2.3).
F i g u r e 2 . 3 : U s e a b o x s e l e c t i o n t o g r a b t h e c e n t e r b od y d a t ab a s e
surfaces.
3. Layers
4. Enter 10 for Layer Number in the Assign Layer frame. (Note: It
may be necessary to scroll down to see all the contents of the
Assign Layer frame.) This will assign the selected entities to layer
10, and you will see a new entry for layer 10 appear in the Layers
table.
5. Double-click on the Description field for layer 10.
6. Enter Centerbody as the description for this layer
7.Turn off the layer 10 by toggling the check box off in the browser
column labeled On. This makes subsequent selection from the List
much easier.
2.5
8. List
9. Expand the database entity list.
10. Select from the list all the database surfaces forming the outer
part of the nacelle. Their names begin with nac_out as shown in
Figure 2.4.
F i g u r e 2 . 4 : T h e o u t e r na c e l l e d a t a b a s e s ur f a c e n a m e s a l l b e g i n w i t h
n a c _ ou t .
11. Layers
12. Enter 20 for Layer Number in the Assign Layer frame to assign
the outer nacelle surfaces to layer 20.
13. Double-click on the Description field for layer 20.
14. Enter Outer nacelle as the description for this layer.
15.Turn off the layer 20 by toggling the check box off in the browser
column labeled On
16. List
17. Select all the remaining database surfaces with names beginning
with nac_inn, which will be all the inner nacelle surfaces.
18. Layers
19. Enter 30 for Layer Number to assign the inner nacelles surface to
layer 30.
20. Double-click on the Description field for layer 30
21.Enter Inner nacelle as the description for this layer.
Guide
Use the Description field in the
Layers table to give short
descriptions of layers you
create. It is not required, but it
makes it much easier to later
remember which entities are in
a layer.
2.6 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
2.7 Working with Layers
Guide
Sometimes layer assignments
are already defined in a
database when you import it,
which is great. If the entities
are not already layered, you can
layer them in Pointwise as we
are doing in this tutorial so
working with the database will
be easier.
You have assigned database entities to three layers. The centerbody surfaces
are in layer 10. The outer nacelle surfaces are in layer 20, and the inner
nacelle surfaces are in layer 30. Now use the layer manager to isolate some
entities and change the way they appear.
1. In the Layer Manager table, click on the row containing layer 10.
2. Click Isolate to display the centerbody surface and turn off all the
other layers.
3. Use Ctrl+A to select all.
4.Click the Attributes toolbar button to open the Attributes panel.
5. Click on the Color button, which will open the Select Color dialog.
6. In the Select Color dialog, enter 150 for Red, 150 for Green, and
150 for Blue.
7. OK
8. Select Display Style: Shaded
9. Click on Update Entity Display.
10. Click on an empty area of the Display window to unselect all
entities. This deselection is done just so that the display attribute
changes are easily seen. The centerbody surfaces should be
displayed as shown in Figure 2.5.
F i g u r e 2 . 5 : T h e c e nt e r b o d y
r e n de r e d a s s ha d e d s u r f a c es .
surfaces
have
be e n
isolated
and
In a similar manner, change the display of the nacelle outer surfaces and inner
surfaces.
2.7
1. Layers
2. In the Layer Manager table, click on the row containing 20.
3. Click Isolate to display the outer nacelle surfaces and turn off all
the other layers.
4. Ctrl+A to select all.
5. Attributes
6. In the Display frame, click Color, which will open the Select Color
dialog.
7. In the Select Color dialog, enter 255 for Red, 170 for Green, and
255 for Blue
8. OK
9. Select Display Style: Shaded
10. Click Update Entity Display.
11. Click on an empty area of the Display window to unselect all
entities.
12. Layers
13. Click on the row containing layer 30.
14. Click Isolate to display the inner nacelle surfaces and turn off all
the other layers.
15. Type Ctrl+A to select all.
16. Attributes
17. Click Color, which will open the Select Color dialog.
18. In the Select Color dialog, enter 85 for Red, 255 for Green, and
127 for Blue
19. OK
20. Select Display Style: Shaded.
21. Click Update Entity Display.
22. Close.
23. Click on an empty area of the Display window to unselect all
entities.
Now turn all the surfaces back on and see what it looks like.
1. Layers
2. Click on the All On button, which will turn on all layers. The display
should look like Figure 2.6.
Guide
You can use the Attributes
panel to change the way
entities are displayed. It is just
another way to organize your
data or even to make the
display more attractive.
2.8 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
.
Guide
Layer sets store the on and off
states of every layer, as well as
which is the current layer. An
individual entity can only be in
one layer, but each layer can be
part of many layer sets.
F i g u r e 2 . 6: A l l d a t a b a s e s u r f a c e s a r e d i s p l a y e d i n s h a d e d s t y l e w i t h
d i f f e r e nt c o l o r s f o r e ac h m a j o r r e g i o n o f t h e g eo m et r y.
2.8 Using Layer Sets
Layer Sets give you even more ways to organize a database. A layer set stores
the current layer and the on or off setting for each layer. In this way, you can
set several layers to be on and the remainder off to make it easy to isolate
components or assemblies in the database.
For example, you may want to display all the nacelle surfaces, both inner and
outer, at once. A layer set will do just that. Or, you may want to only work
with the centerbody and the inner nacelle surfaces so you can grid the
volume between them. Again, a layer set is a good solution.
Make the two layer sets described in the preceding paragraph.
1. Click on the row in the Layers table that contains layer 10.
2. Click on the Off button.
3. Open the Layer Sets frame.
4. Click Save.
5. Double-click on the text set-1 in the Name field in the Layer Sets
table.
6. Enter Nacelle as the new name for this layer set.
7. In the Layers frame, check the box in the On column for layer 10.
8. Click on the Layers table row for layer 20
9. Click Off. Now only the centerbody and inner nacelle surfaces are
on.
10. In the Layer Sets frame, click on Save.
11. Double-click on set-2 in the Name field.
2.9
12. Enter Flowpath as the new name for this layer set.
You now have two layer sets, named Nacelle and Flowpath. To quickly
recall one of the layer sets, go to the Layer Sets frame, select the layer set
you want in the table, and then click on Restore. Go ahead and try it a few
times to see how easy it is to switch back and forth.
2 . 9 T h e C u r re n t L a y e r
The last layer concept discussed is the current layer, or current working layer.
The current layer, which is always displayed, is denoted by the gold chevron in
the On column of the Layers table. The current layer is the layer into which
any new entities you create will be placed. Only one layer at a time can be the
current layer.
As an example, make some CFD model specific geometry and place it into a
new layer so it does not get mixed up with the existing database.
1. Click the All On button to turn on display of all layers.
2. Check Show Empty Layers to turn on display of all layers in the
Layers table.
3. Scroll down the Layers table to layer 40 and select that row.
4. Click on Set Current to make layer 40 the current layer.
5. Double-click on the Description field for layer 40
6. Enter CFD geometry as the description for this layer.
7. Uncheck Show Empty Layers to shorten the Layers table.
8. From the menu, Create,Planes to open the Planes panel.
9. Select Constant X, Y, or Z in the Plane Mode frame.
10. Enter 5.0 in the X = field.
11. Apply (An X = 5 plane is created.)
12. Enter 70.0 in the X = field.
13. Click OK. (An X = 70 plane is created and the Planes panel closes.)
14. From the menu bar, Create, Intersect.
15. Select Group A in the Entity Selection frame
16. Select the two planes you just created.
17. Select Group B.
18. Select all database entities.
19. Intersect
20. OK (Intersection curves between the planes and the remaining
geometry are created and the Intersect panel closes.)
21. Layers
Guide
The current layer is where any
new entities you create will be
placed. It cannot be turned off.
If you want to turn off the layer
that happens to be the current
layer, choose a different current
layer, and then you will be able
to turn it off.
2.10 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
Guide
Using layers to control database
entity visibility not only reduces
visual clutter, but can also
greatly
accelerate
entity
selection by
reducing
the
available pick list of database
entities. Database entities in
off layers are also not available
as candidates for grid entity
projection.
Note that layer 40 now has 18 database entities in it. These are the 2 planes
you created plus the entities created by the intersection operation. Newly
created database entities will continue to be added to layer 40 until you
change the current layer.
What happens if you restore a saved layer set?
1. In the Layer Sets frame, select Flowpath.
2. Restore (Alternatively, double-clicking in the Current, On, or Off
columns of the Flowpath row will restore the Flowpath layer set
also.)
Note layer 40 is still on even though it was empty when the layer set was
defined. By default, all layers are on, even empty layers. If an empty layer is
on in the layer set, and you later add entities to that layer, they will be
displayed when the layer set is restored. Layer 30 is now the current layer
because it was saved that way in the Flowpath layer set. If you create any
new entities they will go into layer 30 unless you change the current layer.
2.10 Summary
Layers are a way to organize your database. They are particularly useful for
databases with many entities, which can cause screen clutter and possibly
reduced graphics performance.
The Layer Manager is used to move entities between layers and control the
display of layers. Many times a database already contains layer information,
which Pointwise will import and use. If the layer assignments do not already
exist, a little time spent organizing the database with the Layer Manager can
greatly simplify and speed up your workflow when using a complex, detailed
geometry.
2.11
Guide
2.12 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
Guide
Chapter 3
Backward Step
3.1
3.2 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
3.1 Overview
Guide
If you are unsure of which
toolbar button to click for a
certain
command
in
the
tutorial,
use
the
Quick
Reference ( Table 3.1 ) at the
beginning of each tutorial. It
will show the major toolbar
commands used in that tutorial
along with the commands’
associated buttons.
This section contains a brief overview of generating basic 2D and 3D
structured meshes within Pointwise. If you have never used Pointwise before,
you should work through this and the other tutorials before applying
Pointwise to actual problems.
3.2 Commands
In Table 3.1, you will find a display of the most commonly used toolbar
commands for this tutorial. Feel free to reference the table as you work
through following sections.
Table 3.1: Quick Reference for Toolbar Commands
Toolbar
Command
Toolbar
Command
2 Point Curves
Assemble Blocks
All Masks On/Off
Domains Mask
Connectors Mask
Spacing
Constraints Mask
Spacing
Initialize
Attributes
3 . 3 To p o l o g y
Figure 3.1: The topology to be used in meshing the backward facing
s t e p u s e s m u l t i p l e do m a in s t o i m pr ov e o r t h o g o n a l i t y.
3.3
The geometry to be meshed is a backward facing step which has been a
common test case used for many separated flow studies. Due to the simplicity
of the geometry, no database entities are required to create the mesh.
3.4 CAE Selection
Before starting a meshing project, it is always a good idea to first select your
CAE solver. This helps avoid any situations in which you create a mesh type
which is unsupported by your solver.
1. CAE, Select Solver
2. CGNS
3. OK
You should see the name of your currently selected CAE solver, CGNS, appear
in the lower left hand corner of the Pointwise interface.
3.5 Defaults
Before you begin, you will need to set the default number of grid points that
will be applied to any new connectors you create.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure the Connector frame is checked.
3. Toggle on Dimension.
4. 30
3.6 Connector Creation
You will use the 2 Point Curves command to quickly create the connectors
that define the topology seen in Figure 3.1.
1. Click 2 Point Curves on the toolbar.
2. Click Entity Type, Connector.
3. Click in Point Placement, XYZ.
4. 0 0 0 (Point A)
5. 20 0 0 (Point B, con-1 is saved.)
6. Enter
Pressing Enter again in the XYZ text field accepts the
current value as the first point in the next 2 Point
Connector.
7. 60 0 0 (Point E, con-2 is saved.)
Guide
This diagram shows the first
two connectors and labels for
their nodes:
3.4 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
8. OK
Guide
The spacing constraint locations
and values can be seen in the
below diagram.
If the connectors are hard to see, you can use the Ctrl+R accelerator at this
time to reset the view so they are both visible.
3.7 Adjusting Spacing Constraints
Spacing constraints within the mesh help control how tightly the grid lines are
clustered in certain regions. For this grid, you will need to set constraints on
the connectors to cluster grid points towards the step (Point B). These
spacings will then be propagated through the mesh when you extrude
domains from the connectors.
To select multiple constraints,
like at Point B, hold the Ctrl key
during selection.
Prior to setting the spacing constraints, you should enable the display of grid
points on the connectors. This will allow you to clearly see distribution
changes as you adjust your spacing constraints.
1. Select both connectors.
2. Click Attributes on the toolbar.
3. Select Draw Using: Intervals.
4. Update Entity Display.
5. Close
6. Click the All Masks On/Off button to mask all entity types.
7. Check the Spacing Constraints mask.
This sets the Selection Mask so that only spacing
constraints will be selectable from the Display window.
8. Select the spacing constraint at Point A.
9. Click in Spacing on the toolbar.
10. 1.0
11. Select both spacing constraints at Point B.
12. 0.1
13. Select the spacing constraint at Point E.
14. 2.0
Both connectors now have the distribution that needs to be carried through
the rest of the mesh (Figure 3.2).
F i g u r e 3 . 2 : G r i d p o i n t s o n t he c o nn e c t o r s a r e c l u s t e r e d t o w a r d s t h e
location of the backward step.
3.5
Rendering the connectors with grid points displayed, while useful for
distribution tasks, makes it difficult to distinguish between them for later
operations. Turn off the display of grid points for the connectors now by
changing them back to their original attributes settings.
1. Check the Connectors mask.
2. Select both connectors.
3. Click Attributes on the toolbar.
4. Select Draw Using: Triangles.
5. Update Entity Display.
6. Close
3.8 Domain Creation
The remainder of the mesh will be created via domain extrusion. con-2 will
be extruded in the -Y direction to create dom-1. con-1 and con-2 will be
extruded in the +Y direction to create dom-2.
1. Select con-2.
2. Create, Extrude, Translate
3. Enter 29 for Steps.
4. Enter 0 -1 0 for Direction.
5. Enter 8 for Distance.
6. Run
7. OK
(dom-1 is saved.)
You have now created connectors BC, CD, DE, and domain 1. Now create
domain 2:
1. Select con-1 and con-2.
2. Create, Extrude, Translate
3. Done
4. Click Use Y Axis.
5. Enter 20 for Distance.
6. Run
7. OK
(dom-2 is saved.)
Now that all of your domains have been created you can move on to the next
step, setting up the remaining spacing constraints for the mesh.
Guide
When
performing
a
translational extrusion, either a
vector or a principal axis can be
used to define the direction
your extrusion should march.
3.6 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
3.9 Additional Spacing Constraints
Guide
The diagram below of the Ydirected spacing constraints has
the display of domains turned
to Hidden. This makes it easier
to view the connectors and
constraints in question.
You now need to apply a few vertical spacing constraints in the domains to
cluster the grid lines in the Y direction towards the step wall. Once they are
set, you will need to re-initialize the domains to ensure that the interior of
the domains reflects the new constraints accurately.
1. Select the Y-directed spacing constraints at Points A, B, and E.
2. Click in Spacing on the toolbar.
3. 0.1
4. Check the Domains mask.
5. Select both domains.
6. Click Initialize on the toolbar.
The 2D version of your mesh is now complete and should look similar to the
mesh seen in Figure 3.3.
F i g u r e 3 . 3 : T h e d o m a in s h a v e a m o r e a p p r o p r i a t e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f
g r i d l in e s a f t e r a d j u s t in g t h e s p a c in g c o n s t r a i n t s .
3.10 New Defaults
You now need to set a new default number for grid points that will be applied
to all of the new connectors created.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure the Connector frame is checked and open.
3. Toggle on Dimension.
4. 21
3.7
3.11 Domain Copy
To accelerate the construction of this mesh, you will first copy the two
existing domains and translate the copies to a new Z-axis coordinate.
1. Select the two domains.
2. Ctrl+C
(To copy the domains into the paste buffer.)
3. Ctrl+V
(To paste the copied domains.)
Guide
The two domains previously
extruded will be copied.
The Paste panel is automatically opened providing all the
various transformation commands available to be used on
the copied entities.
4. Translate
5. Enter 0 0 15 for Offset Vector.
distance.)
6. OK
(Closes Translate panel.)
7. OK
(Closes Paste panel.)
(Sets the offset direction and
At this time you may wish to change the orientation of the model, if you have
not already done so, in order to more clearly see the newly copied domains.
An orientation similar to that in Figure 3.1 will facilitate connector creation in
the next step. Refer to Section 2.5.3 of the User Manual for more
information on model manipulations.
3 . 1 2 C o n n e c t o r C re a t i o n
Before the remaining domains and then blocks can be created, you need to
create connectors between the two sets of domains. Use the 2 Point Curves
command to quickly create the connectors seen in Figure 3.1. To avoid
accidentally picking an interior grid point, turn off the display of the domains
first.
1. View, Show Domains
2. Click 2 Point Curves on the toolbar.
3. Click Entity Type, Connector.
4. Click on point A in the Display window.
5. Click on point H. (con-17 is saved.)
6. Click on point I.
7. Click on point B. (con-18 is saved.)
8. Click on point C.
9. Click on point J. (con-19 is saved.)
10. Click on point K.
11. Click on point D. (con-20 is saved.)
The copied domains will be
connected to the originals with
2 Point Curve connectors.
3.8 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
12. Click on point E.
Guide
13. Click on point L. (con-21 is saved.)
14. Click on point M.
Use a selection box sized
around the two upper domains
to select the domains and the
connectors
used
by
and
connected to the domains:
15. Click on point F. (con-22 is saved.)
16. Click on point G.
17. Click on point N. (con-23 is saved.)
18. OK
19. View, Show Domains
Then use another sized around
the two lower domains:
F i g u r e 3 . 4 : You r m e s h s h ou l d a p p e a r a s t h i s o n e a f t e r c o m pl e t i n g
t h e c o n n e c t o r c r e a t i on .
3 . 1 3 M o re D o m a i n s a n d B l o c k C r e a t i o n
The rest of the mesh will be created using the automated Assemble
command. This command’s logic uses specialized topology loop searching
algorithms to automatically create domains from selected connectors and
blocks from selected and resulting domains. Here you will use Assemble to
create each block separately.
1. Ctrl+R (Restores the original orientation of the model.)
2. Use a selection box sized just around the upper domains (AEFG,
HLMN) to select the domains and connectors.
3. Click on Assemble Blocks on the toolbar.
The Messages window now reports 5 domains and 1
block created.
4. Use a selection box sized just around the lower domains (BCDE,
IJKL) to select the domains and connectors.
5. Click on Assemble Blocks on the toolbar.
3.9
The Messages window now reports 3 domains and 1
block created.
With the remaining topology created, you can now move on to setting
boundary conditions (BCs) and exporting your CAE and project files.
F i g u r e 3 . 5 : Th e f i n i s h e d m e s h i s m o r e c le a r l y v i ew e d w i t h t h e
d o m a i n s c h an g e d t o H i d d en L i n e d i s pl a y s t y l e .
3.14 BCs and Export
Now create and set boundary conditions on your domains for export to the
CGNS solver.
1. CAE, Set Boundary Conditions
2. New
3. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
4. Enter Inflow.
5. Double-click the Type field of the Inflow BC.
6. Select Inflow.
7. Select the inflow domain (dom-7).
8. Check the Inflow BC. (Assigns selected domain to Inlet BC.)
9. New
10. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
11. Enter Outflow.
12. Double-click the Type field of the Outflow BC.
13. Select Outflow.
Guide
Pointwise allows you to set
solver
specific
boundary
conditions to export to your
chosen CAE solver. For clarity
the
interior’s
of
all
the
symmetry domains and the
interfacing domain have been
turned off by setting them to
Draw Using: Isolines (2x2). Use
this image to assist in setting
the BC’s:
3.10 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
14. Select the two outflow domains (dom-6, dom-10).
Guide
It is always a good idea to save
your grid to a project file early
and regularly while working on
it. Once saved to a project file,
you can quickly save your work
as you continue to generate
your grid by using the Ctrl+S
accelerator
or
the
Save
command on the toolbar.
15. Check the Outflow BC. (Assigns selected domains to Outflow
BC.)
16. New
17. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
18. Enter Wall.
19. Double-click the Type field of the Wall BC.
20. Select Wall.
21. Select the three solid surface domains (dom-5, dom-11, dom-12).
22. Check the Wall BC. (Assigns selected domains to Wall BC.)
23. New
24. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
25. Enter Symmetry.
26. Double click the Type field of the Symmetry BC.
27. Select Symmetry Plane.
28. Select all remaining domains.
29. Check the Symmetry BC. (Assigns selected domains to
Symmetry BC.)
30. Close
3.15 Save Project
Saving your project file allows you to easily come back and work with your
mesh in Pointwise while retaining all previously used groups, layer and display
settings. We encourage you to save a project file for every database and/or
meshing case on which you work.
1. Click Save on the toolbar.
2. Save the project file using the standard file browser that appears.
3.16 CAE Export
You can now export your mesh to CGNS and start generating solutions for
your application.
1. Select all blocks.
2. File, Export, CAE
3. Specify the CGNS file using the file browser.
4. Select format options from the Export CAE panel.
5. OK
Chapter 4
Pipe In A Cube
4.1
4.2 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
4.1 Overview
Guide
If you are unsure of which
toolbar button to click for a
certain
command
in
the
tutorial,
use
the
Quick
Reference ( Table 4.1 ) at the
beginning of each tutorial. It
will show the major toolbar
commands used in that tutorial
along with the commands’
associated buttons.
This section contains a brief overview of generating a basic 3D unstructured
mesh within Pointwise. If you have never used Pointwise before, you should
work through this and the other tutorials before applying Pointwise to actual
problems.
4.2 Commands
In Table 4.1, you will find a display of the most commonly used toolbar
commands for this tutorial. Feel free to reference the table as you work
through following sections.
Table 4.1: Quick Reference for Toolbar Commands
Toolbar
Command
Toolbar
Command
Unstructured
2 Point Curves
Assemble
Domains
Assemble Blocks
Initialize
Save
4.3 Geometry
The geometry you will be meshing is a 3D cube volume with a pipe
intersecting it. The two opposing sides of the volume that are perpendicular
to the pipe are an inlet and outlet, respectively. The simulation planned for
this mesh is a study of the effects of flow both over the pipe and through it.
F i g u r e 4 . 1 : T h e g e o m e t r y i n v o l v e s f l o w m o v in g t hr o ug h t h e v o l u m e
as well as through the pipe.
4.3
4 . 4 To p o l o g y
Each of the two fluid regions, inside and outside the pipe, is meshed using
two blocks: a prism block near the wall and an unstructured tetrahedral block
outside the boundary layer region.
F i g u r e 4. 2: T h e t o p o l o g y u s e d f o r t h i s g e o m e t r y a c c o u n t s f o r t h e
f l o w c o n d it io n s t h at w i l l b e s e en a r o u n d a nd t h r o u gh t he p i p e .
4.5 CAE Solver Selection
Before starting a meshing project, it is always a good idea to first select your
CAE solver. This helps avoid any situations in which you create a mesh type
which is unsupported by your solver.
1. CAE, Select Solver
2. CGNS
3. OK
You should see the name of your current CAE solver in the lower left hand
corner of the Pointwise interface.
4.6 Database Import
The geometry you will use for this example is in an IGES file named
PipeInACube.igs. It is located in your Pointwise installation directory in the
/tutorials/PipeInACube/ directory. You may want to copy it to a local
directory before importing it into Pointwise.
1. File, Import, Database
2. Select PipeInACube.igs from the file browser.
3. Open
Guide
The CGNS format (http://
www.cgns.org/), a CFD data
standard, is really useful for
cases where you need to get
your grid data into a format you
can use for your own in-house
solver. Publicly available, the
format is supported by many
mainstream
CFD
software
packages.
4.4 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
4.7 Defaults
Guide
This diagram illustrates the
surfaces (shaded in pink) which
define the cube but do not
intersect the pipe surfaces.
Domains will be created on
these
surfaces
using
the
Domains on Database Entities
command.
Before you begin constructing your grid, you will need to set an average grid
spacing which will be applied to all of the new connectors you create.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure the Connector frame is checked.
3. Toggle on Average Δ s.
4. 1.5
4.8 Outer Surface Domain Creation
The Domains on Database Entities command will be used to create domains
quickly on most of our geometry surfaces.
1. Select the four surfaces defining the cube and not intersected by
the pipe.
2. Click on Unstructured on the toolbar.
3. Click on the Domains on Database Entities command on the
toolbar.
4.9 Pipe Surface Domain Creation
The pipe surfaces will require a finer resolution than the domains used on the
outer volume surfaces. With that in mind, you will need to change the
default average grid spacing for new connectors, then create the pipe surface
domains.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure Average Δ s is still toggled on.
3. 0.5
4. Select the two pipe database surfaces.
5. Click on the Domains on Database Entities command on the
toolbar.
Your surface domains should look like those seen in Figure 4.3. They are now
ready for boundary layer block creation.
4.5
Guide
The diagram below shows the
the pipe surface domains and
the circular connectors on the
pipe ends.
F i g u r e 4 . 3 : T h e c o m p l et ed p i pe s u r f a c e d o m a i n s a r e n o w r e a dy f o r
u s e i n e x t r u s io n .
4.10 Boundary Layer Block Creation
A prism mesh needs to exist both within and outside the pipe walls to
represent the boundary layer region of flow through and over the pipe. To
create this mesh quickly, you can use Pointwise’s algebraic extrusion method
to march the pipe’s unstructured surface meshes into two separate prism
blocks.
1. Select the two pipe surface domains.
2. Create, Extrude, Normal
3. Click on the Normal, Boundary Conditions tab.
4. Select the two circular connectors on each end of the pipe. (Four
total selected connectors.)
5. Select Type: Constant Z
6. Set Boundar y Condition
7. Click on the Normal, Attributes tab.
8. Check the Step Size frame.
9. Enter 0.05 for Initial Δs.
10. Enter 1.2 for Growth Rate.
11. Check the Orientation Frame.
12. Press Flip if the marching vectors do not point into the region
between the pipe and the outer walls of the cube.
13. Click on the Normal, Run tab.
14. Enter 10 for Steps.
15. Run
16. OK
(blk-1 is saved.)
4.6 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
Guide
Any
unstructured
domain
containing one or more holes,
like the side domain seen
below,
will have to be
assembled using the Create,
Assemble Special command.
This is due to the fact that the
closed loop of connectors
describing a hole in a domain
are seen as an additional edge
whose orientation must oppose
that of the first edge. .
The prism block external to the pipe has now been created. Now you will
need to create the prism block internal to the pipe based on the same surface
domains.
1. Create, Extrude, Normal
2. Click on the Normal, Boundary Conditions panel tab.
3. Select the two circular connectors on each end of the pipe. (Four
total selected connectors.)
4. Select Type: Constant Z
5. Set Boundar y Condition
6. Click on the Normal, Attributes tab.
7. Enter 0.05 for Initial Δs.
8. Enter 1.2 for Growth Rate.
9. Check the Orientation frame.
10. Click Flip if the marching vectors do not point into the
interior of the pipe.
11. Click on the Normal, Run tab.
12. Enter 7 for Steps.
13. Run
14. OK
(blk-2 is saved.)
The prism blocks seen in Figure 4.4 have had their domains’ Display Style set
to Shaded and Wireframe in the Attributes command for easier viewing.
However, your extruded blocks should look similar.
F i g u r e 4 . 4 : T h e e x t r ud e d b l o c k s i n a nd a b o u t t h e pi p e w i l l p r o v i d e
a dd i t i o n a l r e s o l u t i o n f o r t h e b o un d a r y l a y e r r e g i o n.
Now that these prism blocks have been created, the volumes inside and
outside of the pipe can be meshed with unstructured tetrahedral blocks.
4.7
4.11 Unstructured Domain Assembly
To close the remaining volumes, four unstructured domains will need to be
created by hand. Two of the domains will be circular and will close off the
remaining volume within the pipe. The other two domains will contain a hole
for the boundary layer blocks and close off the larger cube-shape volume
outside of the pipe.
1. Select the two circular connectors that define the inner volume on
one end of the pipe.
2. Select the two circular connectors defining the pipe inner volume
on the opposite end of the pipe.
3. Assemble Domains
(The two circular domains are saved.)
4. Create, Assemble Special, Domain
5. Select the four connectors that form a square in one of the open
ends of the cube-shaped volume.
6. Next Edge
7. Select the two outermost circular connectors for the final front of
the outer boundary layer block.
These connectors should lie in the same plane as those in
the previous step.
8. Click Reverse Edge if the orientation of the second edge is not
opposite to that of the first edge.
9. Apply
(dom-21 is saved.)
10. Select the four connectors that form a square in the remaining
open end of the cube-shaped volume.
11. Next Edge
12. Select the two outermost circular connectors for the outer
boundary layer block.
These connectors should lie in the same plane as those in
the previous step.
13. Click Reverse Edge if the orientation of the second edge is not
opposite to that of the first edge.
14. OK (dom-22 is saved.)
Now that all volumes in the mesh are closed, the two tetrahedral blocks can
be created and initialized.
4 . 1 2 U n s t r u c t u r e d B l o c k C re a t i o n a n d I n i t i a l i z a t i o n
Creation of the remaining two blocks can be accomplished by assembling
their constituent domains into watertight volumes.
Guide
For most cases, you can just
select all domains and use the
Assemble Blocks command to
create as many blocks as
possible out of the selections.
For this mesh though, two
blocks have
already been
created
through
extrusion.
Creating the last two blocks in
this case will be faster if their
constituent faces are selected
by hand and used with
Assemble Blocks.
4.8 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
1. Select the four domains that comprise the closed inner pipe volume.
Guide
When exporting your grid to a
CAE package, it is always
important to select the blocks
you wish to export first. The
Ctrl+A accelerator can be used
to easily select all of the blocks.
2. Assemble Blocks
(blk-3 is saved.)
3. Select the domains that create a closed volume about the outer
boundary layer block.
4. Assemble Blocks
(blk-4 is saved.)
5. Select the two new blocks.
6. Initialize
Now that all of your blocks have been created and are populated by cells, you
are ready to save your project to a file and to your CAE solver.
4.13 Save Project
Saving your project file allows you to easily come back and work with your
mesh in Pointwise while retaining all previously used groups, layer and display
settings. We encourage you to save a project file for every database and/or
meshing case on which you work.
1. Click Save on the toolbar.
2. Save the project file using the file browser.
4.14 CAE Export
You can now export your mesh to your CAE solver and start generating
solutions for your application.
1. Select all blocks.
2. File, Export, CAE
3. Specify the CGNS file using the file browser.
4. Select format options from the Export CAE panel.
5. OK
Chapter 5
Boeing 747 Nacelle
5.1
5.2 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
5.1 Overview
Guide
If you are unsure of which
toolbar button to click for a
certain
command
in
the
tutorial,
use
the
Quick
Reference ( Table 5.1 ) at the
beginning of each tutorial. It
will show the major toolbar
commands used in that tutorial
along with the commands’
associated buttons.
This section contains a brief overview of constructing a 3D hybrid mesh within
Pointwise. If you have never used Pointwise before, you should work through
this and the other tutorials before applying Pointwise to actual problems.
5.2 Commands
In Table 5.1, you will find a display of the most commonly used toolbar
commands for this tutorial. Feel free to reference the table as you work
through following sections.
Table 5.1: Quick Reference for Toolbar Commands
Toolbar
Command
Toolbar
Command
Unstructured
Domains on
Database Entities
2 Point Curves
Assemble
Domains
Assemble Blocks
Initialize
Save
All Masks On/Off
5.3 Geometry
The geometry to be meshed is the interior of a Boeing 747 Nacelle. For
simplicity, you will not be modeling the engine or the mounting hardware for
the nacelle. The portion of the geometry that we are using consists of a
central hub and a nacelle.
F i g u r e 5. 1: T h e a r e as o f i n t e r e s t i n t h e g e om e t r y ar e t h e i n t e r i o r o f
t h e n a c e l l e a n d t h e c e nt er bo d y.
5.3
Since this geometry is symmetric about a vertical plane, only half the
geometry is included. You will only construct a mesh for this half-symmetry
model. If a full mesh is required, for instance for a yawed case, the halfsymmetry mesh can easily be copied and mirrored after completion.
5 . 4 To p o l o g y
The hybrid topology to be used will consist of three blocks: an unstructured
prism boundary layer block off the centerbody, an unstructured prism
boundary layer off the interior of the nacelle, and an unstructured block in
the remainder of the volume.
5.5 CAE Selection
Before starting a meshing project, it is always a good idea to first select your
CAE solver. This helps avoid any situations in which you create a mesh type
which is unsupported by your solver.
1. CAE, Select Solver
2. ANSYS FLUENT
3. OK
You should see the name of your currently selected CAE solver, ANSYS
FLUENT, appear in the lower left hand corner of the Pointwise interface.
5.6 Database Import
The geometry you will use for this example is in an IGES file named 747.igs. It
is located in your Pointwise installation directory in the /tutorials/B747/
directory. You may want to copy it to a local directory before importing it into
Pointwise.
1. File, Import, Database
2. Select 747.igs from the file browser.
3. Open
5.7 File Properties
To ensure that Pointwise automatically grids over gaps in the database by
removing any coincident connectors, you will need to change the connector
tolerance to a higher value than the default.
1. File, Properties
2. Enter 0.02 for the Connector tolerance.
Guide
When deciding which topology
to use for a geometry there are
several factors you have to take
into consideration: how much
time you have available for the
grid generation process, the
grid types your solver supports,
the accuracy desired in certain
areas of your grid, and the
desired grid size.
5.4 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
3. OK
Guide
It is quite common to have a
geometry file in which not all
curves
or
surfaces
are
parameterized alike. As an
example, when splitting the
two database surfaces at the
front of the nacelle, even
though they are split in the
same physical location, their U
values for the split differ. In
this
case,
the
U
parameterization of the second
surface is opposite that of the
first surface.
Note that the change to the connector tolerance automatically increased the
node tolerance as well. The node tolerance may not be less than the
connector tolerance.
5.8 Defaults
Before you begin constructing your grid, you will need to set an average grid
spacing which will be applied to all of the new connectors you create.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure the Connector frame is checked.
3. Toggle on Average Δ s.
4. 1.5
5.9 Database Modification
The geometry, as imported in the file, contains some entities and pieces of
geometry that you will not be meshing in this tutorial. Before you proceed
with meshing, you will need to clean up the geometry to get these extraneous
surfaces out of the way.
1. Layers
2. Toggle off Layer 38.
Turning off this layer restricts all entities within it from
being selected by removing them from the List panel and
by not showing them in the Display window.
3. Select the upper foremost surface on the nacelle.
4. Edit, Split
5. Make sure the Advanced frame is checked.
6. Enter 0.75 0.0 for UV.
7. OK
(The database surface is split.)
8. Select the lower foremost surface on the nacelle.
9. Edit, Split
10. Select the split just created on the upper nacelle surface.
11. OK
Notice that this splits the lower surface at the same
location. Now the unneeded geometry ahead of the split
can be added to the layer you just turned off.
12. Select the two small database surfaces that were just split off the
front of the nacelle.
5.5
13. Layers
14. Enter 38 for Layer Number in the Assign Layer frame.
Assigning the two database surfaces to layer 38 (which is currently off)
removes the display of the two surfaces from the Display window and the List
Panel. You are now ready to begin creating surface domains for the modified
geometry.
5.10 Surface Domain Creation
The Domains on Database Entities command will be used to create domains
quickly on most of your geometry surfaces.
1. Select all database entities.
2. Click on Unstructured on the toolbar.
3. Click Domains on Database Entities on the toolbar.
In Figure 5.2, you can see an exploded view of the surface domains where
their Display Style has been set to Shaded and Wireframe in the Attributes
command for easier viewing. Your domains should look similar.
F i g u r e 5 . 2 : T h e d o m a i n s e x pl o d e d i n t o t h e i r s e p a r a t e c o m p o n e n t s :
n a c e ll e ( g r e e n ) an d c en t er b o d y ( o r a ng e ) .
5.11 Boundary Layer Block Creation
You will need to create a prism mesh within the nacelle and outside the
nacelle centerbody to represent the boundary layer regions of the flow
through the nacelle. To create this mesh quickly, you can use Pointwise’s
algebraic extrusion method to march the unstructured surface meshes into
prism blocks. The Guide to the left can be used as reference for the steps
below.
Guide
In the diagram below, the two
small database surfaces shown
need to be reassigned to layer
38 to remove their display from
the project workspace.
5.6 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
1. Select the five nacelle surface domains.
Guide
2. Create, Extrude, Normal
3. Click on the Normal, Boundary Conditions tab.
This diagram illustrates the
boundary conditions (BCs) and
the connectors on which they
should be applied for the
nacelle
and
centerbody
extrusions.
4. Select the nacelle connectors color-coded in red.
5. Select Type: Constant Y.
6. Set Boundar y Condition
7. Select the nacelle connectors color-coded in blue and pink.
8. Select Type: Constant X.
9. Set Boundar y Condition
10. Click on the Normal, Attributes tab.
11. Check the Step Size frame.
12. Enter 0.02 for Initial Δ s.
13. Enter 1.2 for Growth Rate.
14. Check the Orientation frame.
15. Press Flip if the marching vectors do not point into the region
between the nacelle and centerbody.
16. Click on the Normal, Run tab.
17. Enter 18 for Steps.
18. Run
19. OK
(blk-1 is saved.)
The prism block for the interior wall of the nacelle has now been created. To
create a similar block on the nacelle centerbody, you will need to select the
centerbody surface domains.
1. Select the two centerbody surface domains.
2. Create, Extrude, Normal
3. Click on the Normal, Boundary Conditions tab.
4. Select the centerbody connectors color-coded in red.
5. Select Type: Constant Y.
6. Set Boundar y Condition
7. Select the centerbody connector color-coded in blue.
8. Select Type: Constant X.
9. Set Boundar y Condition
10. Click on the Normal, Attributes tab.
11. Enter 0.02 for Initial Δ s.
12. Enter 1.2 for Growth Rate.
13. Check the Orientation frame.
5.7
14. Press Flip if the marching vectors do not point into the region
between the nacelle and centerbody.
15. Click on the Normal, Run tab.
16. Enter 20 for Steps.
The last three connectors
created will close off the
topology at the inlet and outlet.
17. Run
18. OK
(blk-2 is saved.)
The prism blocks seen in Figure 5.3 have been reoriented and their Display
Style has been set to Shaded and Wireframe in the Attributes command
for easier viewing. However, your extruded blocks should look similar.
F i g u r e 5. 3 : T h e e x t r u de d b l oc k s w i t h i n t h e n a c e l l e w il l p r o v i d e
a d d i t i o n a l r e s o l u t i o n f o r t h e b ou n d a r y l a y e r r e g i o n.
Now that these blocks have been defined, you can close the remaining
volume within the nacelle and create a block.
5.12 Remaining Connector and Domain Creation
To close the nacelle volume, you will need to create three connectors to form
the topology necessary for construction of the last three domains.
1. Click 2 Point Curves on the toolbar.
2. Click Entity Type, Connector.
3. Select Points A and B.
Guide
(con-71 is saved.)
4. Select Points C and D. (con-72 is saved.)
5. Select Points E and F. (con-73 is saved.)
6. OK
Now you can create the three unstructured domains that will close the nacelle
interior volume. Two of the domains will represent the inlet and outlet of the
5.8 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
volume. The last domain will lie on the nacelle symmetry plane. The
connectors these domains will be based upon can be seen in Figure 5.4.
Guide
In an effort to minimize
memory usage, Pointwise does
not automatically compute the
interior volume grid when an
unstructured block is created.
Initializing
the
block
will
populate it with cells which will
then be retained in memory
until the block is re-initialized
or emptied.
F i g u r e 5 . 4 : T h e i n l e t , o u t l e t , a n d s y m m et r y do m a i n c o n n ec t o r s a r e
s h o w n c o l o r- c o d e d a bo v e f o r e a s i e r c o n n e c t o r s e l e c t i on .
1. Select the closed loop of three connectors that define the inlet.
These connectors can be seen highlighted in orange in Figure 5.4.
2. Select the closed loop of four connectors that define the outlet.
These connectors can be seen highlighted in pink in Figure 5.4.
3. Assemble Domains
(Inlet and outlet domains are saved.)
4. Select the closed loop of thirteen connectors that define the
symmetry plane. These connectors can be seen highlighted in red
in Figure 5.4.
5. Assemble Domains
(Symmetry domain is saved.)
Now that the last volume in the mesh is closed, you can create a block from it
and populate it with tetrahedra via initialization.
5 . 1 3 U n s t r u c t u r e d B l o c k C re a t i o n a n d I n i t i a l i z a t i o n
Creation of the remaining block can be accomplished by assembling its
constituent domains into a watertight volume.
1. Click the All Masks On/Off button to mask all entity types.
2. Check the Domains mask.
This sets the Pick Mask so that only domains will be
selectable from the Display window.
3. Select, Angle Limit
4. Enter 45.0 for Angle Limit.
5.9
5. Select the large domain on the front of the nacelle extrusion (dom17).
6. Select, All Adjacent.
This quickly selects all the domains that are topologically
connected with a bending angle of less than 45 degrees
along the final front of the nacelle extrusion.
7. Select the domain on the front of the centerbody extrusion at the
nose (dom-28).
8. Select, All Adjacent
This quickly selects all the domains that are topologically
connected with a bending angle of less than 45 degrees
along the final front of the centerbody extrusion.
9. Select the inlet, outlet, and symmetry domains created in Section
5.12
10. Assemble Blocks (blk-3 is saved.)
11. Check the Blocks mask.
12. Select the block just created.
13. Initialize
With some minor changes to the domains’ display attributes, the finished
mesh should look similar to Figure 5.5.
F i g u r e 5 . 5 : T h e n a c e l l e p r i s m b l o ck , c e n t e r b o d y p r is m b l o c k , a n d
i n t er io r t e t r a h e dr a l b lo c k i n t h e f in i s he d gr id a r e d i s p l a y e d a b ov e i n
g r e e n , o r a n g e , an d b l u e , r e s p e c t i v el y.
Guide
When creating an unstructured
volume block about, or in
between extrusions (as seen in
this tutorial), it is important
that
domains
in
the
unstructured block’s face are
selected from the outermost
domains on
the
extruded
block(s). This ensures that the
new volume grid you create
does not overlap the existing
extruded block.
5.10 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
Now that all of your blocks have been created and populated with cells, you
are ready to move on to setting up the boundary conditions for your mesh.
Guide
If you ever need to change a
group of domains assigned to
one boundary condition to
another, click on the boundary
condition, then click Add to
Selection in the Set BC panel,
and check the new BC to which
they should be assigned.
5.14 Set Boundary Conditions
Prior to exporting your finished grid, set up the boundary conditions that you
plan to use in your CAE solver. Setting these boundary conditions now will
make it easier for you to identify regions in your grid once it is imported into
your solver. You should find the color-coded version of your grid and its
associated boundary conditions (BCs) in Figure 5.6 to be a handy reference
during this process.
1. CAE, Set Boundar y Conditions
2. Click New.
3. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
4. Enter Inlet.
5. Double-click the Type field of the Inlet BC.
6. Select Inlet Vent.
7. Select the three inlet domains color-coded in green.
8. Check the Inlet BC.
(Assigns selected domains to Inlet BC.)
9. Click New.
10. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
11. Enter Outlet.
12. Double-click the Type field of the Outlet BC.
13. Select Outlet Vent.
14. Select the three outlet domains color-coded in yellow.
15. Check the Outlet BC.
(Assigns selected domains to Outlet BC.)
16. Click New.
17. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
18. Enter Wall.
19. Double-click the Type field of the Wall BC.
20. Select Wall.
21. Select all nacelle and centerbody domains color-coded in blue.
22. Check the Wall BC. (Assigns selected domains to Wall BC.)
23. Click New.
24. Double-click the Name field of the new BC.
25. Enter Symmetry.
26. Double-click the Type field of the Symmetry BC.
27. Select Symmetry.
5.11
28. Select the eleven symmetry domains color-coded in red.
29. Check the Symmetry BC. (Assigns selected domains to
Symmetry BC.)
Guide
30. Close
It is always a good idea to save
your grid to a project file early
and regularly while working on
it. Once saved to a project file,
you can quickly save your work
as you continue to generate
your grid by using the Ctrl+S
accelerator
or
the
Save
command on the toolbar.
F i g u r e 5 . 6 : Th e b o u n da r y c o nd i t i o n s a n d t h e i r c o r r e s p on d i n g
d o m a i n s c a n b e s e e n i n t he s e c o l o r- c od e d r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s of t h e
b ac k an d f r on t o f t h e f i n is h e d n a c e l l e g r i d .
All boundary conditions have now been assigned to your grid.
proceed to export the project and CAE solver files.
You can
5.15 Save Project
Saving your project file allows you to easily come back and work with your
mesh in Pointwise while retaining all previously used layer and display
settings. We encourage you to save a project file for every database and/or
meshing case on which you work.
1. Click Save on the toolbar.
2. Save the project file using the file browser.
5.16 CAE Export
You can now export your mesh to ANSYS FLUENT and start generating
solutions for your application.
5.12 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
1. Select all blocks.
Guide
2. File, Export, CAE
3. Save the ANSYS FLUENT file using the file browser.
If you are running your grid
through multiple CAE solvers,
Pointwise makes it easy to
transition your grid. Just go to
CAE, Select Solver, and select a
new solver. Next, go to the
CAE, Set Boundary Conditions
command and set the Type for
each Boundary Condition to the
appropriate equivalent for your
new solver.
Chapter 6
Transition Duct
6.1
6.2 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
6.1 Overview
Guide
If you are unsure of which
toolbar button to click for a
certain
command
in
the
tutorial,
use
the
Quick
Reference ( Table 6.1 ) at the
beginning of each tutorial. It
will show the major toolbar
commands used in that tutorial
along with the commands’
associated buttons.
This section contains a brief overview of constructing a 3D multiblock,
structured mesh within Pointwise. If you have never used Pointwise before,
you should work through this and the other tutorials before applying
Pointwise to actual problems.
6.2 Commands
In Table 6.1, you will find a display of the most commonly used toolbar
commands for this tutorial. Feel free to reference the table as you work
through following sections.
Table 6.1: Quick Reference for Toolbar Commands
Toolbar
Command
Toolbar
Command
All Masks On/Off
Spacing
Constraints Mask
Structured
Start Solve
Spacing
Attributes
Stop Solve
Assemble
Domains
2 Point Curves
Save
Assemble Blocks
6.3 Geometry
The geometry to be meshed is the interior of a duct whose cross-sectional
shape transitions from a rectangle to a circle. Since this geometry is symmetric
about a vertical plane, only half the geometry is included.
F i g u r e 6 . 1 : T h e d u c t g e o m e t r y c o n s i s t s o f t w o d a t a b a s e s u r f a c es i n
w h i c h t he c r o s s - s e c t i o n t r a n s i t i o n s f r o m a c i r c u l a r t o a r e c t a n g u l a r
shape.
6.3
6 . 4 To p o l o g y
The topology to be used will consist of two blocks: a structured, O-topology
boundary layer block off the duct walls and a structured, H-topology block in
the remainder of the volume.
F i g u r e 6 . 2 : T h e bo u n d a r y la y e r b l o c k ( g r e e n ) a n d t h e i n t e r i o r b l o c k
( y e l l o w ) w il l b e u s e d t o r e s o l v e t h e f lo w in t h e b ou n d a r y l ay e r a n d
m a i n d u c t r e g i o n s r e s p e c t i v e l y.
6.5 CAE Selection
Before starting a meshing project, it is always a good idea to first select your
CAE solver. This helps avoid any situations in which you create a mesh type
that is unsupported by your solver.
1. CAE, Select Solver
2. STAR-CD
3. OK
You should see the name of your currently selected CAE solver, STAR-CD,
appear in the lower left hand corner of the Pointwise interface.
Guide
When using an all structured
topology for a grid, it is
important to remember that
structured domains require four
edges and structured blocks
require
six
faces
to
be
assembled. For domains, each
edge can contain numerous
connectors. For blocks, each
face can contain numerous
domains. The main restriction
for domains and blocks is that
opposing edges/faces have the
same dimensions.
6.4 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
6.6 Database Import
Guide
These diagrams illustrate the
UV location at which both
surfaces need to be split.
The geometry you will use for this example is in an IGES file named
TransitionDuct.igs. It is located in your Pointwise installation directory in the
/tutorials/TransitionDuct/ directory. You may want to copy it to a local
directory before importing it into Pointwise.
1. File, Import, Database
2. Select TransitionDuct.igs from the file browser.
3. Open
6.7 Defaults
Before you begin constructing your grid, you will need to set the default
number of grid points that will be applied to all of the new connectors you
create.
1. Defaults
2. Make sure the Connector frame is checked.
3. Toggle on Dimension.
4. 50
6.8 Database Modification
The geometry contains two database surfaces. You will split each surface in
half in the V direction effectively splitting them at the corners of the
rectangular cross-section. This will help define the layout of the grid
topology that will be created later.
1. Select the surface named Pipe-Upper.
2. Edit, Split
3. Make sure the Advanced frame is checked.
4. Enter 0.0 0.5 for UV.
5. Toggle on V in the Split Direction frame.
6. OK
7. Select the surface named Pipe-Lower.
8. Edit, Split
9. Enter 0.0 0.5 for UV.
10. OK
You should now have four database surfaces that look similar to those seen in
Figure 6.3. These surfaces mimic the topology we will use for the duct
surface domains.
6.5
Guide
This diagram illustrates the
spacing constraints and values
that need to be set at the duct
inlet and outlet.
F i g u r e 6 . 3 : T h e f o u r s u r f a c es t h a t r e s u l t f r o m s pl i t t in g t h e t w o
o r i g in a l s u r f a c e s a r e d i s pl a y e d i n d i f f e r e nt c o l o r s i n a n i s o m e t r i c
v i e w.
6.9 Surface Domain Creation
The Domains on Database Entities command will be used to create domains
quickly on your geometry surfaces.
1. Select all database entities.
2. Click on Structured on the toolbar.
3. Click on Domains on Database Entities on the toolbar.
Due to the default dimension that was specified earlier, you now have all
connectors dimensioned to 50. The circumferential connectors describing the
inlet and outlet require fewer grid points to accurately resolve the shape of
the duct. You will need to quickly redimension these connectors before
proceeding further.
1. Select the connectors that describe the circular inlet.
2. Select the connectors that describe the rectangular outlet.
3. Click in Dimension on the toolbar.
4. 25
6.10 Adjusting Spacing Constraints
Spacing constraints within the mesh help control how tightly the grid lines are
clustered in certain regions. Since the cell size currently varies at the inlet and
outlet, you will need to adjust the spacing constraints there to make it
consistent.
1. Click the All Masks On/Off button to mask all entity types.
2. Check the Spacing Constraints mask.
3. Select all vertical spacing constraints at Points A, B, C, D, and E.
6.6 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
4. Select all horizontal spacing constraints at Points F, G, H, I, and J.
Guide
5. Click in Spacing on the toolbar.
6. 2.0
Even though the smoothing
applied to the surface domains
seems minor, it is actually quite
important for several reasons.
Without the elliptic smoothing
of these domains, the grid in
the corners of the rectangular
portion of the duct would not
accurately capture the shape of
the duct.
Additionally, the
quality of an extrusion relies
largely on the quality of the
surface
grids
involved.
Improving the grid in these
regions will provide an overall
higher quality extruded block.
F i g u r e 6 . 4 : T h e d o m a i n s a f t e r s p a c i n g c o n s t r a i n t s h a v e b e e n a p p li e d
s h o w c on s i s t e n t c e l l s i z e s i n t h e i n l e t a n d o u t l e t r e g i o n s bu t g r i d
l i ne s p la y in g n e a r t h e d u c t e l b o w.
6.11 Domain Smoothing
If you look at the surface domains that describe the elbow and the
rectangular region of the duct you can see that there is some splay in the grid
lines in the corners. This issue can be resolved by applying an elliptic PDEbased smoothing method to the domains.
1. Check the Domains Mask.
2. Select all domains.
3. Click on Start Solve on the toolbar.
4. Click on Stop Solve once the grid appears to have converged
(Figure 6.5).
In Figure 6.5, you can see the domains after elliptic smoothing has been
applied. Note that the domains Display Style has been set to Shaded and
Wireframe in the Attributes command for easier viewing.
Your surface
domains should look similar.
6.7
Guide
This diagram illustrates the
connectors
that
must
be
selected for setting boundary
conditions for the structured
block extrusion.
F i g u r e 6 . 5 : T h e s m o o t h e d d o m a i n s s h ow m u c h l e s s gr i d li n e
s p l a y i n g i n t h e ar e a s o f h i g h c ur v at u r e .
6.12 Boundary Layer Block Creation
A structured block will be created near the duct walls to resolve the boundary
layer region. To create this mesh quickly, you can use Pointwise’s hyperbolic
extrusion method to march the structured surface domains into a hexahedral
block. The Guide to the right should be used as reference for the steps
below.
1. Select all domains.
2. Create, Extrude, Normal
3. Check Assemble Special.
4. Click Delete All Faces.
5. Select One Face Per Domain in the Assemble frame.
6. Assemble
这样生成的Block是四个独立的，
否则是一个整体。
7. Done
8. Click on the Normal, Boundary Conditions tab.
9. Select the four inlet connectors seen color-coded in blue.
10. Select Type: Constant Y.
11. Set Boundary Condition
6.8 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
12. Select the four outlet connectors seen color-coded in yellow.
Guide
13. Select Type: Constant Z.
14. Set Boundary Condition
The additional connectors that
need to be created to close off
the duct volume can be seen in
the below diagram labeled and
color-coded in red.
15. Select two symmetry connectors seen color-coded in red.
16. Select Type: Constant X.
17. Set Boundary Condition
18. Click on the Normal, Attributes tab.
19. Check the Step Size frame.
20. Enter 0.001 for Initial Δ s.
21. Enter 1.2 for Growth Rate.
22. Check the Orientation frame.
23. Press Flip if the marching vectors do not point into the
interior of the pipe.
24. Click on the Normal, Run tab.
25. Enter 20 for Steps.
26. Run
27. OK
(blk-1, blk-2, blk-3, and blk-4 are saved.)
Now that these blocks have been created, you can close the remaining
volume within the duct and create a block.
6.13 Remaining Connector and Domain Creation
To close the duct volume, you will need to create two connectors to form the
topology necessary for construction of the last three domains. You can use
the diagram available in the Guide to the left to assist you in creating these
connectors.
1. Click 2 Point Curves on the toolbar.
2. Click Entity Type, Connector.
3. Select Points A and B.
4. Select Points C and D.
5. OK
These two connectors need to have the same dimension as their opposing
edge in the structured domains you will be constructing to keep the domains
computationally rectangular. Since their opposing edge (comprised of two
connectors sharing a node) has a dimension equal to 49, you will need to
redimension them to match.
1. Check the Connectors Mask.
2. Select the two connectors just created.
6.9
3. Click in Dimension on the toolbar.
4. 49
Guide
Additionally, the spacing constraints on the two new connectors need to be
adjusted to closely match the height of the last layer of cells in the boundary
layer block. This will ensure a smooth transition between the two blocks.
1. Select both spacing constraints on the two new connectors.
2. Click in Spacing on the toolbar.
3. 0.05
Now you can create the remaining structured domains that will close off the
duct volume. Two of the domains represent the inlet and outlet of the
volume (Figure 6.6). The remaining domain lies on the duct symmetry plane.
F i g u r e 6 . 6 : T he i nl e t a n d o u t l e t d o m a i n c o n n e c t o r s a r e s h ow n c o l o rc o d e d a b o v e f o r e a s ie r c o n n ec t o r s el e c t io n .
1. Select the closed loop of five connectors that define the inlet.
These connectors can be seen color-coded in pink in Figure 6.6.
2. Select the closed loop of five connectors that define the outlet.
These connectors can be seen color-coded in orange in Figure 6.6.
3. Assemble Domains
(dom-5 and dom-11 are saved.)
4. Select the closed loop of four connectors that define the symmetry
plane.
5. Assemble Domains
(dom-15 is saved.)
To improve the corner cells of the inlet and outlet domain, you should smooth
those domains using the elliptic solver.
1. Select the inlet and outlet domains.
2. Click Start Solve on the toolbar.
3. Click Stop Solve on toolbar once large changes to the grid’s
smoothness have ceased.
The Assemble Blocks command
evaluates every variation of
possible domains and/or blocks
that could be created from your
selections. For large selection
sets, assembly will require more
time.
As an alternative, you may want
to consider using a selection
box to select just the entities
you need assembled. This will
ensure that your domains/
blocks are assembled as quickly
as possible.
6.10 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
6.14 Structured Block Creation
Guide
When
applying
boundary
conditions to domains, do not
forget to include the side
domains from any extrusions
that were performed.
These
domains can be smaller and
easily overlooked.
Creation of the remaining block can be accomplished by assembling its
constituent domains into a watertight volume.
1. Click the All Masks On/Off button to mask all entity types.
2. Check the Domains mask.
3. Select, Angle Limit
4. Enter 45.0 for Angle Limit.
5. Select one of the four domains on the final front of the extruded
block (Example: dom-14).
6. Select, All Adjacent.
7. Select the inlet, outlet, and symmetry domains created in Section
6.13.
8. Assemble Blocks
After changing the Display Style of the domains to Shaded and Wireframe
in the Attributes command, the finished mesh should look similar to Figure
6.7.
F i g u r e 6 . 7 : T h e f i ni s h e d gr i d i s d is p l a y e d a b o v e i n a n i s o t r o pi c v i ew
w i t h i n s et v i e w s of t h e in l e t a n d o ut l et .
6.11
Now that all of your blocks have been created, you are ready to move on to
setting up the boundary conditions for your mesh.
Guide
6.15 Set Boundary Conditions
Prior to exporting your finished grid, set up the boundary conditions that you
plan to use in your CAE solver. These boundary conditions will make it easier
for you to identify regions in your grid once it is imported into your solver.
You should find the color-coded version of your grid and its associated
boundary conditions (BCs) in Figure 6.8 to be a handy reference during this
process.
1. CAE, Set Boundary Conditions
2. Click New.
3. Double-click the Name field of the new BC (bc-2).
4. Enter Inlet.
5. Double-click the Type field of the Inlet BC.
6. Select Inlet.
7. Select the five inlet domains color-coded in pink.
8. Check the Inlet BC. (Assigns selected domains to Inlet BC.)
9. Click New.
10. Double-click the Name field of the new BC (bc-3).
11. Enter Outlet.
12. Double-click the Type field of the Outlet BC.
13. Select Outlet.
14. Select the five outlet domains color-coded in yellow.
15. Check the Outlet BC.
(Assigns selected domains to Outlet BC.)
16. Click New.
17. Double-click the Name field of the new BC (bc-4).
18. Enter Wall.
19. Double-click the Type field of the Wall BC.
20. Select Wall.
21. Select all duct surface domains color-coded in green.
22. Check the Wall BC. (Assigns selected domains to Wall BC.)
23. Click New.
24. Double-click the Name field of the new BC (bc-5).
25. Enter Symmetry.
26. Double-click the Type field of the Symmetr y BC.
27. Select Symmetry.
Once your boundary conditions
(BCs) have been assigned, the
BC name, ID, and domain
association will be kept in
Pointwise regardless of what
CAE solver you have selected.
However, since the physical
types supported by CAE solvers
vary, you will need to reset the
Physical Type for each BC if you
decide to change your CAE
solver in Pointwise.
6.12 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
28. Select all symmetry domains color-coded in blue.
Guide
29. Check the Symmetry BC.
30. Close
When exporting files to a CAE
solver that has multiple input
files, you will only need to
specify a filename once. All
necessary input files will be
exported with that filename
and the appropriate extension
to the directory you have
chosen in your file browser.
F i g u r e 6 . 8 : T h e b o u n d a r y c o n di t i o n s a n d t h e i r c o r r e s p on d i n g
d o m a i n s c a n b e s e e n i n t h i s c o l o r- c o d e d r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e
finished transition duct grid.
All boundary conditions have now been assigned to your grid.
proceed to export the project and CAE solver files.
You can
6.16 Save Project
Saving your project file allows you to easily come back and work with your
mesh in Pointwise while retaining all previously used layer and display
settings. We encourage you to save a project file for every database and/or
meshing case on which you work.
1. Click Save on the toolbar.
2. Save the project file using the file browser.
6.17 CAE Export
You can now export your mesh to STAR-CD and start generating solutions for
your application.
6.13
1. Check the Blocks mask.
2. Select all blocks.
Guide
3. File, Export, CAE
4. Save the STAR-CD files using the file browser.
The selection of blocks with
which you enter the File,
Export,
CAE
command
determines exactly which parts
of your mesh are exported to
your CAE solver.
To quickly
select all blocks, mask all entity
types except blocks, then use
the Ctrl+A accelerator.
6.14 Pointwise Tutorial Workbook
Chapter 7
Index
7.2 Pointwise User Manual
Numerics
2 Pt Connector 5-7
2 Pt Connectors 6-8
Assemble Special 4-7
Block 4-7
Blocks 3-8, 5-8, 6-10
Connector 3-7
Domain 3-5
Domains 5-8, 6-9
Domains on Database Entities 4-4,
2 Point Connectors 3-3
2 Pt Connector 3-7, 5-7
2 Pt Connectors 6-8
2D Mesh 3-2
3D Mesh 3-2, 4-2, 5-2, 6-2
A
Airfoil 1-2
Assemble Blocks 3-8, 4-7, 5-8, 6-10
Assemble Domains 4-7, 5-8, 6-9
Assemble Special
Domain 4-7
Attributes
Connector 3-5
Database 2-6, 2-7
Average Grid Spacing 1-5
5-5, 6-5
Extrude 3-5, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7
Intersect 2-9
Planes 2-9
Cube 4-2
D
Attributes 2-6, 2-7
Display 2-6, 2-7
Import 5-3, 6-4
Intersect 2-9
Planes 2-9
Backward Step 3-3
Block Assembly 3-8, 6-10
Boeing 747
Centerbody 2-3
Nacelle 2-3, 5-2
Boundary Conditions
Name 3-9, 3-10, 5-10, 6-11
New 3-9, 3-10, 5-10, 6-11
Type 3-9, 3-10, 5-10, 6-11
Boundary Layer 4-3, 4-5, 5-5, 6-7
Database Import 1-4, 2-3, 4-3
Defaults 3-3, 3-6, 4-4, 5-4, 6-4
Average Grid Spacing 4-4, 5-4
Connector Dimension 1-4, 3-3,
3-6, 6-4
Dimension 6-5, 6-9
Domains on Database Entities 4-4,
5-5, 6-5
Duct 6-2
C
E
CGNS 3-3, 3-10, 4-3, 4-8
Fluent 5-3, 5-11
Set BCs 3-9, 5-10, 6-11
Solver 3-3, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3
STAR-CD 6-3, 6-12
Connector
Attributes 3-5
Create 1-4
Dimension 1-5
Display 1-4, 3-5
Connectors on Database Entities 14
6, 6-8
Initial spacing 5-6, 6-8
Normal 4-5, 5-6, 6-7
Total Steps 4-6, 5-6, 6-8
Extruded 2D Mesh 1-2
F
File
Export 3-10, 4-8
Properties 5-3
G
Grid
Dimension 6-5, 6-9
Initialize 3-6
Solver 3-6, 4-7, 5-9, 6-6, 6-9
Spacing 3-4, 6-6, 6-9
Database
B
CAE
Flip Orientation 5-6, 5-7
Geometric Growth Factor 4-6, 5-
Create
Edit
Copy 3-7
Split 5-4, 6-4
Transform 3-7
Translate 3-7
Entity Selection 2-4, 2-6
Export
CAE 3-10, 4-8, 5-11, 6-12
Extrude
Boundary Condition 4-5
Boundary Conditions 5-6, 6-7
Domain 1-5, 3-5
H
H-grid 6-3
H-topology 6-3
Hybrid 5-2
I
IGES 1-4
IGES Import 4-3, 5-3, 6-4
Import
Database 5-3, 6-4
IGES 2-3
IGES File 1-4
Import, Database 4-3
Initialize 4-7, 5-9
L
Layer
Assign 2-4, 2-5, 5-5
Description 2-4, 2-5, 2-9
Isolate 2-6, 2-7
Off 2-8
Layer Description 2-5
Layer Manager
Database Organization 2-2
Layer Sets 2-8
7.3
Description 2-8
Restore 2-10
Save 2-8
Layers
All On 2-7
Current 2-9
Show Empty Layers 2-9
M
Mesh Dimension
2D 1-2
N
NACA 6412 1-2
O
O-grid 1-3, 6-3
O-topology 1-3, 6-3
P
Pipe 4-2
Prism Block 4-5
S
Save
Project 1-6, 3-10, 4-8, 5-11, 6-
12
Selection Mask
All On/Off 3-4, 6-5
Connectors 3-5
Domains 3-6, 6-6
Spacing Constraints 1-5, 3-4, 6-5
Spacing 3-4, 6-6, 6-9
Spacing Constraints 1-5, 3-4, 3-6
Start Solve 6-9
Start Solver 6-6
Stop Solve 6-9
Stop Solver 6-6
Structured 3-2, 6-2
Structured 2D Mesh 1-2
T
Tolerance
Connector 5-3
U
Unstructured 4-2, 4-7, 5-3, 5-8
7.4 Pointwise User Manual