El pretérito perfecto The Present perfect Español III ¿Qué es el pretérito perfecto? The present perfect is formed by combining a helping verb: ■ haber (NOT tener) “have” or “has” ■ and the past participle (-ado or -ido) Por ejemplo… ■ For example: ■ Have you eaten yet? ■ I have played tennis. ■ She has sung at weddings. ■ We have flown in a plane. *it is VERY common to answer with el pretérito Para formar en inglés ■ To form the present participle we combine the helping verb *“have/has” with a **past participle ■ For example, “I have been a lifeguard.” ■ I is the subject ■ *“have” is the helping verb ■ **“been” is the past participle *haber Para formar en español ■ In Spanish we form the present participle by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle For example: ■ Yo he bailado. I have danced. ■ Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen. We haven’t studied for the test. The present tense of haber he hemos has habéis ha han Remember… How to form the past participle: ▪ For –ar verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ado Example: comprar → comprado ~Has comprado el nuevo teléfono Iphone? ▪ For –er and –ir verbs, take the stem of the verb and add –ido Example: tener → tenido ~ Hemos tenido mucha tarea ultimamente. *what changes when the conjugations depending of who is/are the subject is the verb HABER: he – has – hemos etc… **then you need to add either the –ado OR –ido depending if the verb you are using is –AR, ER/-IR ending verb (infinitive) to the stem Para formar… Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar: he estudiado hemos estudiado has estudiado habéis estudiado ha estudiado han estudiado Para formar… As you can see I have combined the present forms of haber (the helping verbs) he hemos has habéis ha han …with the past participle of estudiar he estudiado hemosestudiado hasestudiado habéisestudiado ha estudiado han estudiado Now you try… On a sheet of paper, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar: he ________ hemos _______ has ________ habéis ________ ha ________ han ________ Is this what you came up with? he hablado hemos hablado has hablado habéis hablado ha hablado han hablado Let’s try another… Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar: __ ________ ____ _______ ___ ________ _____ ________ __ ________ ___ ________ Is this what you got? he tomado hemos tomado has tomado habéis tomado ha tomado han tomado Now let’s try an –er verb See if you can come up with the present perfect forms for comer: __ ______ _____ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ __ ______ ___ ______ Is this what you came up with? he comido hemos comido has comido habéis comido ha comido han comido Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir: __ ___ _____ ___ ___ ___ ______ ___ __ ___ ___ ______ Is this what you came up with? he ido hemos ido has ido habéis ido ha ido han ido Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. After all, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this tense. On next slide are some verbs that are irregular in the past participle -> Irregulars The following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to: abrir → abierto cubrir → cubierto descubrir → descubierto escribir → escrito morir → muerto poner → puesto romper → roto ver → visto volver → vuelto *you must memorize the irregulars More irregulars These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho: decir → dicho hacer → hecho ¿Has dicho la verdad? Have you told the truth? ¿Brian lo ha hecho? Has Brian done it? ¡Practicamos! See if you can form the correct present perfect using the subject and verb given. Modelo: yo / decidir → He decidido 1. ella / abrir Ha abierto 2. Marta y yo / tocar Hemos tocado 3. Gonzalo / crecer Ha crecido 4. Tú y tus amigos / reír Han reído ó habéis reído 5. Mis padres / hacer Han hecho 6. Tus abuelos / cubrir Han cubierto 7. Rogelio y Ramón / escribir Han escrito Not exactly irregular but…(accent!!) -er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído caer → caído leer → leído reír → reído creer → creído oír → oído traer → traído 1. Tú y tus amigos / caerse Se han caído ó Os habéis caído 2. Mis padres / leer Han leeído 3. Tus abuelos / oí Han oído 4. Rogelio, Ramón y yo/ creer Hemos creído
