Week 2 CONTRASTING FOUNDATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS OF FIVE QUALITATIVE APPROACHES Foundational Narrative Research Phenomenology considerations Research focus of the Exploring the life of an Understanding the essence of the approach individual experience Unit of analysis Studying one or more individuals Studying several individuals who share the same humor Type of research best suited for the approach Needing to tell stories of individual experiences Needing to describe the essence of a lived phenomenon Nature of disciplinary origins Drawing from the humanities including anthropology, literature, history, psychology, and sociology Drawing from philosophy, psychology, and education CONTRASTING DATA PROCEDURES OF FIVE QUALITATIVE APPROACHES Data procedures Narrative Research Phenomenology Forms of data collection Using primarily interviews and Using primarily interviews with documents individuals, although documents and observations, and art may also be considered. Strategies of data analysis Analyzing data for stories, Analyzing data for significant “restorying stories,” and statements, meaning units, textual developing themes, often using and structural description and a chronology description of the essence CONTRASTING RESEARCH REPORTING FIVE QUALITATIVE APPROACHES Research reporting Narrative Research Phenomenology Introduction of a written Focusing on the participants Focusing on explaining the report and the nature of the story phenomenon Description of research procedures Organization of the research outcome Concluding format Stating the rationale, the significance of individual experiences, and data procedures Telling stories using a variety of ways involving storying, theorizing, and narrative segments Stating the rationale, philosophical assumptions, and data procedures Interpreting patterns of meaning Describing the “essence” of the experience Reporting how the phenomenon using significant statements and discussing the meaning of themes Grounded Theory Ethnography Case Study Developing a theory grounded in data from the field Describing and interpreting a culture-sharing group Studying a process, an action, or an interaction involving many individuals Grounding a theory in the views of the participants Studying a group that shares the same culture Developing an in-depth description and analysis pf a case or multiple cases Studying an event, a program, an activity, or more than one individual Providing an in-depth understanding of a case or cases Drawing from sociology Grounded Theory Using primarily interviews with 20 to 60 individuals Describing and interpreting shared patterns of a culture or a group Drawing from sociology and anthropology Drawing from psychology, law, political science, and medicine Ethnography Using primarily observations, and interviews but perhaps collecting other sources during extended time in the field Analyzing data through description of the culturesharing group and the themes of the group Case Study Using multiple sources such as interviews, observations, documents and artifacts. Grounded Theory Focusing on the process (or action) that the theory is intended to explain Stating the rationale, and data procedures Ethnography Focusing on the culture-sharing group being studied Case Study Using entry vignette and then focusing on central features of the case Stating the rationale, type, and data procedures Developing theories involving open coding categories, axial coding, selective coding, theoretical propositions, and a model Advancing a theory Describing the culture and analyzing the patterns of cultural themes with verbatim quotes. Providing first extensive description of the case followed by key issues (themes or issues) in the case Describing how culture-sharing group works using a cultural portrait Making case study assertions and advancing a closing vignette Analyzing data through open coding, axial coding, and selective coding Stating the rationale, type, and data procedures Analyzing data through description of the case and themes of the case as well as cross-case themes.
