CIE Biology IGCSE 1 - Characteristics and Classification of Living Organisms Flashcards This work by https://bit.ly/pmt-edu-cc PMT Education is licensed under https://bit.ly/pmt-cc CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What 8 characteristics do all living organisms share? - they move they respire they respond to their surroundings they control their internal conditions they grow and develop they reproduce they excrete their waste they require nutrition www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define movement www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define movement When an organism changes its position or place www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define respiration www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define respiration The biochemical reactions in cells that break down molecules to release energy www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define sensitivity www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define sensitivity The detection of a stimulus and the ability to respond to that stimulus www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define growth www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define growth A permanent increase in the size of an organism by either the increase in the number of cells or the size of the cells www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define reproduction www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define reproduction The creation of offspring of the same species as the parent(s) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define excretion www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define excretion The removal of waste products from metabolic processes or substances in excess www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define nutrition www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define nutrition The intake of substances required for growth and to provide energy www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Why are viruses not living? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Why are viruses not living? They do not have all of the 8 characteristics of living organisms (for example they cannot respire) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define species www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Define species A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is phylogenetics? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is phylogenetics? The study of evolutionary relationships www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Give 2 ways that organisms can be classified www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Give 2 ways that organisms can be classified - Physical features - Phylogenetic relationships www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How are modern classification techniques more accurate? (Higher/Supplement) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How are modern classification techniques more accurate? (Higher/Supplement) Biochemical and genetic analysis gives a more precise and detailed understanding about the relationships of organisms www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can organisms that share recent common ancestors be identified? (Higher/Supplement) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc How can organisms that share recent common ancestors be identified? (Higher/Supplement) - Analyse the organism’s DNA - Organisms with more similar DNA sequences often share more common ancestors www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the 5 kingdoms? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the 5 kingdoms? Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae, animalia www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Describe the binomial naming system www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Describe the binomial naming system www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Give 3 advantages of the binomial naming system www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Give 3 advantages of the binomial naming system - It is universal - It provides information about closely linked organisms and hence their traits - It allows for precise naming www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the features that all cells share www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc State the features that all cells share Cytoplasm, cell membrane and DNA (Higher/Supplement) Ribosomes and enzymes for respiration www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Name 5 parts of an animal cell www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Name 5 parts of an animal cell - Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Name 8 parts of a plant cell www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc Name 8 parts of a plant cell Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, cell wall www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the two broad groups of animals? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the two broad groups of animals? Vertebrates and invertebrates www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates? Vertebrates have a backbone whereas invertebrates do not www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the 5 main groups of vertebrates? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the 5 main groups of vertebrates? Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is an arthropod? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is an arthropod? An invertebrate with an exoskeleton (e.g. insects or crustaceans) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the 4 main groups of arthropods? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the 4 main groups of arthropods? myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the two broad groups of plants? (Higher/Supplement) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the two broad groups of plants? (Higher/Supplement) Flowering and non-flowering www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the two main groups of flowering plants? (Higher/Supplement) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are the two main groups of flowering plants? (Higher/Supplement) Monocotyledons and dicotyledons www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons (Higher/Supplement) www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What is the difference between monocotyledons and dicotyledons (Higher/Supplement) Monocotyledons only contain one embryonic flower (cotyledon) whereas dicotyledons contain two www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are dichotomous keys? www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc What are dichotomous keys? They are resources that are used to identify organisms by asking a series of contrasting questions www.pmt.education https://bit.ly/pmt-edu https://bit.ly/pmt-cc https://bit.ly/pmt-cc