1. The developmental stage of agriculture is characterized by uncertain supply of food as
food was obtained by chance.
(a) Which stage of agriculture development is described above?
_________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(b) What impacts might this stage of agriculture development have on the environment?
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ (2)
2. List three characteristics of commercial farming
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________(3)
3. Define the following
(a) photoperiod
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(b) Photo-periodism
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(c) Land tenure
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ (1)
1
4. Fig 1.1 shows a diagram of the water cycle.
(a) Name two environmental factors necessary for plant growth observed in the diagram
(i) _____________________________________________________________________
(ii) _____________________________________________________________________(2)
(b) Name the tropic response stimulated by A and B in the above diagram
(i)
A ____________________________________________________________________
B __________________________________________________________________
The diagram in figure 1.1 shows a section through a leaf. Use it to answer questions 5 to7.
2
1. Which cell controls the opening and closing of stoma?
A. D
B. E
C. F
D. B
2. What is the main function of the part labeled A?
A. Gaseous exchange
B. Prevention of water loss
C. Photosynthesis
D. Transport water
3. Which parts form the vascular bundle?
A. C and D
B. B and C
C. B and D
D. E and F
Which of the following represents the USDA Land capability class?
A three
3
B5
C VII
D IX
2 Which pair of the environmental factors encourages a high rate of evapo-transpiration?
A high humidity and high temperature
B high humidity and low temperature
C low humidity and high temperature
D low temperature and low humidity
3 Which of the following best describes a freehold land tenure system?
A Land that can be distributed equally among citizens.
B Land that can be used by owner as security to obtain loans.
C Land that is distributed through the Departments of Land.
D Land for which the owner does not have a title deed.
4 Which of the following protects crops from strong wind, high humidity and high temperature?
A electric humidifier
B greenhouse
C organic mulch
D wind break
The diagram below shows the structure of the root of a dicotyledon. Use it to answer question 1
and 2
4
1. Where does absorption of nutrients take place?
A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z
2. What is Y?
A. Cambium
B. Cortex
C. Phloem
D. xylem
3. Which statement is correct about photoperiodism?
A. Day length cycle will lead to flowering in plants during the day.
B. Day neutral plants produce flowers regardless of day length
C. Long-day plants produce flowers regardless of day length
D. Short-day plants produce flowers when they are exposed to a continuous light period.
4. Which tropic movements of plants are correctly matched with their stimuli?
A
B
C
D
Hydrotropism
Gravity
Gravity
Water
Water
Phototropism
Light
Light
Light
Gravity
Geotropism
Water
Touch
Gravity
Touch
Haptotropism
Touch
Water
Touch
Light
5. What is the movement of food in plants called?
A. Transpiration
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Translocation
6. Which plant part is not used for asexual reproduction?
A. Seed
B. Leaf
C. Bud
D. root
7. The diagram below shows the structure of the female inflorescence of maize.
5
1. What is the impact of the hunting and gathering stage of agriculture on the environment?
A. causes water pollution
B. leads to loss of soil fertility
C. encourages pest multiplication
D. reduces wildlife population
2. Which of the following is an impact of shifting cultivation stage of agriculture on the
environment?
A.
B.
C.
D.
causes depletion of underground water
encourages outbreak of diseases
Leads to loss of soil fertility
Reduces wildlife population
3. Which of the following is not an impact of commercial farming stage of agriculture on the
environment?
A. afforestation
C. loss of habitat for wildlife
B. loss of biodiversity
D. pollution of water sources
4. Which among the following is the most correct order of developmental stages of agriculture?
A. hunting and gathering, shifting cultivation, domestication, settled agriculture,
commercial farming.
B. domestication, settled agriculture, shifting cultivation, commercial farming, hunting and
gathering
C. domestication, shifting cultivation, commercial farming, settled agriculture, hunting and
gathering
D. hunting and gathering, domestication, shifting cultivation, settled agriculture,
commercial farming.
5. Which developmental stage of agriculture leads to air pollution from exhaust fumes of
agriculture vehicles and machines?
A. hunting and gathering
B. domestication
C. shifting cultivation
D. commercial farming.
6. Write short notes on:(a) positive impacts of commercial agriculture on the environment (3)
(b) negative impacts of commercial agriculture on the environment (3)
6
(c) hunting and gathering stage of agriculture
(d) shifting cultivation
(4)
(5)
TOTAL 20
1. Under which USDA land capability class does a land that is swampy and close to rivers fall into?
A. Ii
B. Iv
C. Iii
D. V
2. Which one of the following activity would be most suitable for a land that falls under the USDA
land capability class viii?
A. Cropping
B. Building
C. Wildlife
D. Playground
3. Under which land tenure system does the owner hold the title deed?
A. Freehold
B. State land
C. Leasehold
D. Communal land
4. Who leases out communal land?
A. The land Boards
B. The landlord
C. The state
D. The tribal chief
5. Under which land tenure system in Botswana is land holding most secure?
A. Communal land
B. Leasehold
C. Freehold
D. State land
6. Communal land together with state land covers what proportion of Botswana’s land area?
A. 6%
B. 71%
7
7.
A.
A.
B.
C.
D.
C. 23%
D. 94%
Under which land tenure system in Botswana are land held over Tribal Grazing land Policy
ranches?
Communal land
State land
Freehold
Lease land
Communal land
8. Which is not true about communal land tenure in Botswana?
A. Land rights are inheritable
B. Land is not a market commodity
C. There is security of tenure
D. Tribal Chief administers the land
9. One of the following is not an example of agricultural technology which one is it ?
A. Green house
B. Buildings
C. Hydroponics
D. Playground
10. Which among the following is responsible for regulating transpiration in a leaf?
A. Phloem
B. Spongy cells
C. Guard cells
D. Xylem
The diagram in figure 1.1 shows a section through a leaf. Use it to answer questions 11 to16.
8
11. Which cell does not contain chlorophyll?
12. Which cell controls the opening and closing of stoma?
13. What is the main function of the part labeled Y?
E. Gaseous exchange
F. Prevention of water loss
G. Photosynthesis
H. Transport water
14. Which parts for
15. the vascular bundle?
E. O and P
F. O and Q
G. A and B
H. Y and D
16. What is the main function of the part labeled X
A. gaseous exchange
B. prevention of water loss
C. photosynthesis
D. transport water
9
17. What is the main function of the tissue labeled P?
A. Transport water
B. Transport food
C. Absorption of water
D. Food storage
18. What is the main function of phloem tissue?
A. Absorption of water
B. Gaseous exchange
C. Cell division
D. Translocation
19. What is the main function of the xylem?
A. Absorption of carbon dioxide
B. Synthesis of carbohydrates
C. Conduction of water
D. Translocation
20. What does not form part of internal structure of a leaf?
A. Cortex
B. Phloem
C. Spongy layer
D. Xylem
21. Which parts of the internal structure of a leaf form the palisade layer?
A. Chloroplasts and palisade cell
B. Guard cell and chloroplasts
C. Phloem and xylem
D. Stoma and guard cell
__________________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(b) The new sorghum varieties and maize hybrid (BSH1) were selected and planted in selected
farmers fields across the country. Tours of those selected farmers fields were arranged at a later stage
during farmer’s day to see how those new varieties perform.
(i)
State the type of technology transfer approach described above:
__________________________________________________________________________________(1)
(ii)
State two examples of agriculture technology being transferred
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________(2)
10
1. State five conditions necessary for plant growth
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
(5)
Figure 1.2 shows a tractor and a harrow being used on a commercial farm , use it to answer question 3
2. List three ways commercial farming can harm the environment
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________(3)
11
Figure 1.4 shows equipment used in one of the stages of agricultural development .
3. (i) identify the agricultural development stage shown above
_____________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(ii)
Give one reason for your answer
__________________________________________________________________________________ (1)
(iii)
State any two impacts this stage of agricultural development might have on the
environment.
________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________(2)
Figure 1.4 shows plants being exposed to an environmental factor.
4. Suggest two ways of modifying the effects shown by this environmental factor above
____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________(2)
12
PREPARED BY MS MOTONTO (MAY2012)
Figure 1 shows a diagram of a cross section of a root. Use it to use questions 1, 2 and 3.
1.
2.
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.
Which of the parts A, B, C and D contains actively dividing cells?
Which tissue is labeled Q?
Cortex
Phloem
Pith
Xylem
What is the main function of the tissue labeled P?
A. Absorption of water
B. Food storage
C. Cell division
D. Transport of water
Figure 2 is a diagram of a cross section of a monocot stem. Use it to answer question 4 and 5.
13
4. Which of the labeled parts is the pith?
5. What is the main function of the part labeled Y?
A. Food storage
B. Transport of water
C. Photosynthesis
D. Protection
6. What is the main function of cambium tissue in a stem ?
A. Conduction of water
B. Protection and strength
C. Secondary growth
D. Photosynthesis
7. What is the main function of the root cap ?
A. Absorption
B. Protection of meristem
C. Cell differentiation
D. Cell division
Figure 3 shows a diagram of root hair, soil particles and water.
14
8.
Which process do the arrows show?
A. Osmosis
B. Transpiration
C. Translocation
D. Photosynthesis
9. Which process results in oxidation of food substances in living cells?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Translocation
D. Transpiration
10. What happens to the products of photosynthesis
A. Released to atmosphere
B. Oxidized to form energy
C. Translocated to other parts
D. Stored in leaves
11. What is the process by which plant roots absorb mineral salts from soil?
A. Active transport
B. Osmosis
C. Diffusion
D. Translocation
12. Which is a food storage organ in an onion plant?
A. Seed
B. Taproot
C. Bulb
D. Rhizome
15
1. Figure 4 shows stem twining around a support. What is this known as?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Geotropism
Haptotropism
Phototropism
Hydrotropism
Figure 2 is a diagram of a cross section of a monocot stem. Use it to answer question 4 and 5.
13. Which of the labeled parts is the pith?
14. What is the main function of the part labeled Y?
E. Food storage
16
F. Transport of water
G. Photosynthesis
H. Protection
2. For which process is carbon dioxide essential?
A. Osmosis
B. Photosynthesis
C. Respiration
D. Transpiration
3. Which is true about growth rate and auxin concentration in the two halves, x and y in figure
5.
X
Growth rate
A
B
C
D
Slow
Fast
Fast
slow
Y
Auxin
concentration
High
High
Low
low
Growth rate
Fast
Slow
Fast
slow
4. Where are auxins (plant hormones) produced in plants?
A. Elongation zone
B. Flower buds
C. Growing tips
D. Leaf tips
17
Auxin
concentration
High
Low
High
low
5. What chemical substances cause part of a plant to respond to external stimuli light and
gravity?
A. Auxins
B. Enzymes
C. Herbicides
D. Proteins
6. What is called the growth of plant shoot towards light?
A. Geotropism
B. Hydrotropism
C. Haptotropism
D. Phototropism
7. What is called the growth response of roots towards water called?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Geotropism
Hydrotropism
Haptotropism
Phototropism
Use the diagram below to answer questions that follow:-
1. (i)
Name the part labeled A, B, C, and D.
A:___________________________________________________
B: ___________________________________________________
C :___________________________________________________
18
D: ____________________________________________________
ii)
(4)
State one function of each part labeled X, Y and Z
X: ___________________________________________________________________________________
Y:___________________________________________________________________________________
Z:_________________________________________________________________________________(3)
2. Define the following terms:(a) Tropism:__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________(3)
Prepared by Ms Motonto(June 2012)
Use the diagrams below to answer questions that follow.
1.
What is the function of the part labeled A?
A. To attract insects
B. To produce ovules
C. To store nectar
D. To trap pollen grains
19
8. What is called a process of transferring ripe pollen grains from anther to stigma?
A. Dispersal
B. Germination
C. Fertilization
D. Pollination
9. Which feature in a maize flower encourages wind pollination
A. Conspicuous corolla
B. Large, sticky pollen grains
C. Protruding large anther
D. Presence of strong scent
10. After fertilization, which structure develops from an ovary?
A. Calyx
B. Fruit
C. Ovule
D. Seed
1. (a) define the following terms as used in Agriculture:
(i)
Land tenure.
. [1]
(ii)
Tropism.
(b) Fig.1.1 shows a cow under a tree.
20
[1]
(i)
What environmental factor is responsible for this type of animal behavior?
[1]
(ii)What can a farmer do to reduce the effect of this factor on livestock?
[2]
(c) (i) List two benefits of practicing pastoral commercial agriculture.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
(ii)Suggest two ways through which commercial pastoral farming could affect the environment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
2. State two features of bean that enable it to be insect pollinated.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
3. Describe the mechanism of pollination in a bean plant (insect pollination).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
4. What are day – neutral plants?
21
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
5. State two advantages of free-hold land.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
6. State two disadvantages of state land.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
7. State two reasons for clearing the field.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
8. Figure 3.1 shows a tractor and a sprayer being used on commercial farm. Use it to answer
question 3(i)
22
List two ways commercial farming can harm the environment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
4
(a (i) State one difference between sexual and asexual propagation in plants.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(i)
State two parts of plant used for asexual propagation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) The diagram below shows the longitudinal section of root.
23
(i)
Name region Z:…………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(ii)
State two ways in which parts X and Y differ.
PART X
PART Y
[2]
4. Diagram below shows the cross section of a leaf.
B
C
Name the following parts labeled A, B, C
24
(a) (i)Part A……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
Part B………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Part C……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....…………………. [1]
(ii) Give two functions of the spongy mesophyll
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
PLANT PROTECTION
1. Which of the following is a mechanical method of weed control?
A. Crop rotation
B. Early planting
C. Tillage
D. Trap-cropping
2. Which weed control method is not suited to very steep terrain?
A. Biological
B. Cultural
C. Chemical
D. Mechanical
3. What is involved in integrated weed management?
A. A combination of chemical control with other methods
B. Use of no chemicals
C. Use of cultural methods only
D. Use of herbicides only
25
4. Why should weeds be controlled?
A. They provide edible fruits
B. They provide oxygen for animals
C. They provide ground cover
D. They provide shelter for pests
5. (a) Explain beneficial effects of weeds on crops
(b) State three harmful effects of weeds on crops
6. (a) Name four weeds commonly found in Botswana
(b) Write notes on classification of weeds
(4)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(6)
TOTAL 20
CLASS EXERCISE
12/09/14
1. (a) Name and describe the three ways of classifying weeds according to the length of
their life cycle.
(3)
(b) Describe two ways in which weeds can be beneficial to plants.
26
(2)
2. Discuss a named field crop under the following:(a) Soil and fertilizer requirements
(b) Factors to consider in choosing varieties to plant.
(c) Marketing after harvesting
(4)
(3)
(3)
FIELD CROPS AND WEEDS
1. For either maize or sorghum or millet, state the following:
Name of crop ________________________________________________
(a) Three signs of maturity:_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(3)
(b) Two methods of storage
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(2)
(c) Three uses of the crop
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(3)
2. Name any two common weeds found in Botswana
______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________(2)
3. (a) Explain beneficial effects of weeds on crops
(b) State two harmful effects of weeds on crops
27
(3)
(2)
4. (a) Name four weeds commonly found in Botswana
(b) Write notes on classification of weeds
(4)
(6)
PESTS AND DISEASES
1. Which of the following is the correct combination of pesticide group and its target
pest?
A
B
C
D
pesticide
Acaricide
Fungicide
Herbicide
rodenticide
Target pest
Mites
Molluses
Bacteria
nematodes
2. An insecticide that is absorbed into plant tissue and translocated in the sap is
described as what?
A. Contact
C. stomach
B. Fumigant
D. Systematic
3. Which precaution should be taken by a sprayer operator on a windy day?
A. Delay spraying until conditions are calm
28
B. Spray in the direction of the wind
C. Use affine spray nozzle
D. Wear additional protective clothing.
A.
B.
C.
D.
4. What is used to control weeds in a cereal crop?
Contact insecticide
Selective herbicide
Protective fungicide
Soil-applied rodenticide
A.
B.
C.
D.
5. Which of the following precautions is meant to protect other farmer’ crops?
Avoid splashing when mixing
Do not smoke when spraying
Do not spray in windy conditions
Wear protective clothing
(5)
6. (a) What is a systemic insecticide?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(2)
(b) Describe the necessary precautions taken when handling farm chemicals
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ (3)
(c)Describe possible environmental hazards of farm chemicals.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(3)
7. Write short notes on:(a) Selective and non-selective herbicides
29
________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________(2)
(b) Calibration of knapsack sprayer.
(5)
5. A knapsack sprayer was filled with 250 litres of water and used to spray a 200m2 area. After
spraying, 150litres of water remained in the sprayer.
Calculate the spray rate. Show all working.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [4]
6. Choose a pest from the list below:
Grasshopper, leaf miner, beetle, locust, termite.
For the named pest:
(a) State the damage it causes
(b) Describe its life cycle
(c) Explain how it is controlled
(2)
(4)
(4)
30
What name is given to the following forms of pesticides:
(i)
A tablet which turns into gas when exposed to air,
(ii)
One stored as pressurized liquid.
7. Figure 7.1 shows the mouth parts of some crop pests.
(a) State the mode of feeding suggested by these mouth parts.
Pest A __________________________________________________________ [1]
Pest B __________________________________________________________ [1]
(b) What visible feature of the mouth part of the pest led you to classify it this way?
Pest A ___________________________________________________________ [1]
Pest B ___________________________________________________________ [1]
(c) Complete the table below about pesticides and pest they control.
Pesticide
Target pest
Herbicides
_________________________
Aphicides
_________________________
____________________
Ticks
(d) What name is given to the following forms of pesticides:
31
(i)
A tablet which turns into gas when exposed to air
____________________________________________________________ [1]
(ii)
One stored as a pressurized liquid.
____________________________________________________________ [1]
Prepared by Ms Motonto (2017)
4 ACDE
07/09/2016
CROP PRODUCTION
1. For a named root or bulb or tuber or legume or leafy or fruit vegetable grown in
Botswana , describe the following:
(a) Method of soil preparation
(3)
(b) Application of appropriate organic manures and fertilizers
(4)
(c) Entries of financial records kept
(3)
2. For maize or sorghum or millet describe the following:
(a) Soil requirements
(b) Harvesting and expected yield
32
(2)
(3)
(c) Marketing of the crop
(d) Examples of record entries under dairy of events
3. (a) For a named field crop describe the following:
(i)
Preparation of a suitable seedbed
(ii)
Appropriate planting time and method
(iii)
Recommended varieties in Botswana
(b)
Discuss relevant legislation relating to the named field crop in Botswana.
4. Discuss a named field crop under the following:
(a) Soil and fertilizer requirements
(b) Factors to consider in choosing varieties to plant
(c) Marketing after harvesting
33
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(3)