INTERIOR DESIGN INSTITUTE Module Two History of Style, Decoration & Architecture Submitted by: Christel Angeline R. Ferrer What we'll discuss Palace of Versailles Building Name: Château de Versailles (Palace of Versailles) Building/Architectural Style: Baroque architecture Location: Versailles, France Date: 1634 – 1710 (Primarily a hunting lodge in 1624) Architect: Louie Le Vau and Jules Hardouin Mansart Historical Influence: The palace shows references of Greek architecture using colonnades (orders and symmetry, as well as Greek and Roman sculptures that are displayed throughout the building. Characteristics Roof: The palace has flat roofs and mansard roofs made of slate tiles and adorned with gilded finials, cresting, and other roof dressings. Atop the roofs are chimneys and elaborate gilded dormer windows. These characteristics are prevalent in Baroque architecture. Building Materials: The building was constructed using bricks, Parisian limestone for the foundation, wood for the beams, square iron bars for the framework as well as tie bolts to reinforce stone construction, and lead and slate tiles for roofing material. Bronze was used in many of the statues, door handles, casement bolts, decorative elements for gates, as well as pipes and dials for fountain plumbing, varieties of marble were used in many parts of the building, and gold was used throughout, both interior and exterior decorations. Windows: The palace has 2153 windows, mostly consisting of rows of large arched windows on the ground and the first floor, and rows of rectangular windows on the second floor. It is likely made from glass panes that are likely framed with gilt wood. Doors: The entrance front is introduced with three French doors, and it is speculated that it is crafted with glass panes that are likely framed with gilt wood and adorned with bronze door handles. Structural and ornamental/decorative features: The design of the palace exudes extravagance and glamour through its multifaceted designs and lavish embellishments. The center of the façade shows a 3-storey Avant-corps fronted with eight red marbled Tuscan columns supporting a gilded wrought-iron balcony surmounted with a triangle of statuaries surrounding a clock. The rest of the façade consists of columns, arcade windows divided by reliefs and pilasters, and stone tables decorated with consoles holding marble busts of Roman emperors. Moreover, the attic story has pilasters and balustrades with sculptured trophies and flame pots dissimulating a flat — indicative of Neoclassical architecture. Building Name: Griffith Observatory Griffith Observatory Building/Architectural Style: Art Deco architecture Location: Los Angeles, California, USA Date: 1933 - 1935 Architect: John C. Austin and Frederick M. Ashley Historical Influence: The building is influenced by Roman style, Greek revival style, Mosque style, and Beaux-Arts style. Characteristics Roof: The building consists of dome-shaped roofs, two small roofs are telescope domes, and the larger dome is the planetarium dome, an octagonal cupola at the front and center, and two low-sloped roofs. It also features roof terraces. Building Materials: The building was constructed mainly with concrete and steel, the domes consist of copper panels, and the main entrance doors are made of glass and bronze. Windows: The rectangular windows are framed with decorative steel grilles and surrounded by pilasters with key patterns displayed at the top, which contribute to the formality of the design of the façade. Doors: The main entrance doors had two double doors built with glass framed with decorative bronze grilles containing various symbols related to astronomy. Structural and ornamental/decorative features: The design of the building is fantastic for incorporating many elements from various architectural styles into the design. From the dome roofs, concrete arches, key patterns, pilasters, intricate details, grilles. The combination of these is what make the form and design of this building unique. Fallingwater Building Name: Fallingwater Building/Architectural Style: Modern architecture and Organic architecture Location: Mill Run, Pennsylvania, USA Date: 1936 - 1937 Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright Historical Influence: The building applies Prairie style using horizontal lines, flat roofs, and natural materials. Characteristics Roof: The building has flat roofs which are made of organic materials, but fiberglass insulation is later added for waterproofing purposes. The building also features concrete roof decks. Building Materials: The building was constructed using a variety of natural materials such as stone, concrete, sandstone, wood, steel, and glass. Windows & Doors: Most of the windows and doors are rectangularshaped and are made of glass, which is prevalent in modern architecture, framed with steel like the corner windows and the glass wall window to emphasize the connection with nature. Structural and ornamental/decorative features: Fallingwater’s most distinctive feature is the cantilevered concrete terraces. The horizontal platform is anchored to the building’s walls and extends out over the falls. The series of cantilevers mimics the rock ledges' natural patterns, which became a natural extension of the waterfall. This results in having the house achieve its full integration with nature. Walt Disney Concert Hall Building Name: Walt Disney Concert Hall Building/Architectural Style: Deconstructivism style Location: Los Angeles, USA Date: 1999-2003 Architect: Frank Gehry Historical Influence: The building references Contemporary style elements through its freeform composition, display of angles and curves, and asymmetrical structure. Characteristics Roof: The type of commercial roof and roofing materials used are unknown due to a lack of information. Visually, the roof follows the curvature of the steel wall structure. Some parts of the building are covered with steelframed glass panels that can allow light to pass through inside of the building and allow visitors to glimpse through a skylight. Building Materials: 12, 500 pieces of steel are used to coat the outer surfaces as well as used to construct the roof structure. Glass was also used to function as a liaison between various volumes. Windows & Doors: Not visible but it is observed that the building’s entrance front has a glass façade with individual panels supported by a rectangular steel framework. This is also applied with the double doors. Structural and ornamental/decorative features: The form of the building is in fact inspired by a boat with sails due to the architect’s love for sailing. Because the design mimics the sails being blown by the wind, it creates abstract shapes and angled forms that contrast with one another. This defies the rules of harmony and symmetry, which is what makes of Deconstructivism architecture. Edgeland House Building Name: Edgeland House Building/Architectural Style: Postmodern architecture Location: Austin, Texas, USA Date: 2012 Architect: Bercy Chen Studio Historical Influence: The building reinterprets the vernacular architecture of pit houses in a modernized way. Characteristics Roof: The building has two sloped insulated green roofs that keep the building warm and cool during summer and winter. Its angular jottings directly follow the lay of the land and the roof consists of 40 native species of wildflowers and grass to preserve the local ecosystem. Building Materials: The house is constructed from a structural steel frame, concrete retaining walls, exposed concrete flooring, and a double-glazed glass façade tinted with low-E. Windows: The buildings are fitted with floor to ceiling of double-glazed glass with black steel framework which allows a generous amount of natural to pass through inside of the building. Doors: The single swing doors are made of double-glazed glass framed with black steel, consistently following the use of materials in the window wall to allow maximum entering of natural light. Structural and ornamental/decorative features: The design of the structure is characterized by geometrical and sharp angular forms, and fragmentation, where the house is divided into two sections – one for sleeping and the other for living and entertaining – indicative of Post Modernism architecture. The concept is inspired by the vernacular of the pit houses as the project aims to restore the land and wildlife so it was constructed to attain sustainability to its building and its surroundings. References Palace of Versailles http://ericverfaillie.free.fr/en-materiaux_chateau.htm https://www.hisour.com/palace-of-versailles-france-38429/ https://www.thespruce.com/baroque-architecture-4797911 https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/early-europe-andcolonial-americas/reformation-counter-reformation/a/chteau-de-versailles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vf0bfLNH34c Griffith Observatory https://griffithobservatory.org/about/observatory-history/renovation-andexpansion/renovation/ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Griffith_Observatory,_LA Fallingwater https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/later-europe-andamericas/modernity-ap/a/frank-lloyd-wright-fallingwater https://fallingwater.org/history/preservationcollections/preservation-history/ https://www.professionalroofing.net/Articles/Doing-it-better-than-Wright--02-012003/220 https://fallingwater.org/worldheritagepreserved/ References Walt Disney Concert Hall https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/walt-disney-concert-hall/ https://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frankgehry https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NczAMTYRog Edgeland House https://www.archdaily.com/331677/edgeland-house-bercy-chen-studio https://www.bcarc.com/residential/edgeland-house https://www.iconeye.com/architecture/architecture-news/edgeland-house-bybercy-chen-studio
