COSTS
What is cost
means to you?
Cost denotes the amount of
money that a company spends
on the creation or production
of goods or services. It does
not include the markup for
profit.
Cost is the amount of money
that is spent to produce a
good or product. If a
producer were to sell his
products at the production
price, his costs and income
would break even, meaning
that he would not lose
money on the sales.
However, he would not
make a profit.
The Cost of a product is
also known as the price.
This is the amount that
the seller charges for a
product, and it includes
both the production cost
and the mark-up, which
is added by the seller in
order to make a profit.
In accounting, the term cost
refers to the monetary
value of expenditures for
raw materials, equipment,
supplies, services, labor,
products, etc. It is an
amount that is recorded as
an expense
in bookkeeping records.
Project Cost Forecast
• Cost forecasts are normally
performed as part of periodic
processing.
• If the company wanted to run the
cost the forecast at a particular time
and/or in background processing,
one can plan it as a job in the
Schedule Manager.
• Use the Schedule Manager monitor
to check the scheduled job both
during and after processing.
Process Flow
Before accessing the cost forecast, the
following are needed:
1. Reschedule
2. No activity scheduling takes place in the
cost forecast. It must be rescheduled first,
so that the calculation of the cost to
complete takes account of the changed
dates.
3. Calculate overhead on actual and
commitment values.
The Cost Simulation Versions
Based on planned, actual and commitment costs, the system
determines what is still
to be done in network activities and costs this again. The system
records the value so determined as cost to complete, by period, in a period, in a forecast version
for:
Internally processed activities
Externally processed activities
General costs activities
Material component not managed as part of project stock (whether
valued or not)
Result
The following forecast
version values are available
for evaluation in the Project
Information System:
1. Cost to complete.
2. Actual values at the time
of the cost forecast.
3. Commitment values at
the time of the cost
forecast.
Cost Control Strategies
Supermarkets like
Waltermart, Robinson’s
and Gaisano with small
returns on sales,
asks suppliers to
provide them manpower
like merchandisers and
promo girls. Suppliers
also pay for displays
and replace bad orders
(B.O.)
Red Ribbon changed
its distribution strategy
and instead of
expanding solely by
opening more full
branches, it expanded
by putting out more
kiosks catering to the
take - out market,
which allows them to
operate at much lower
operating cost.
Product
Improvement
Product
improvement
involves changing
some of the firm’s
product and market
mixes.
1. Product Migration Strategy
Also known as Moving Up the Ladder strategy, Migration strategy has
many names. It is scalled Planned Obsolescence in the consumer
durable market or Cannibalization strategy in the non-durable goods like
soaps and detergents.
An assessment of margin contribution by product must be made before
adding or deletting products to improve margins. For instance, many appliance stores
like Abenson
and Automatic Center have allocated space for furniture lines because
they are more profitable to carry than appliances.
2. Vertical Integration Strategy
Vertical Integration Strategy can be either be
forward or backward. The objective is to
gain economies of scale and to increase control
margins. For instance Jollibee has their
own bakery (backward integration) providing breads
and other products.
Corporate
Retrenchment
-The goal of corporate retrenchment is
to move “excess fat” and create a
leaner organization.
1. Product Migration Strategy
2. Vertical Integration Strategy
1. Overhead Reduction Strategy
A key is to cut overhead
that has no strategic
implications. These things
usually do
not directly affect
business, like office
supplies and other “niceto-haves”.
Enchanted Kingdom makes
use of their 300 employees to
do performances besides
their usual tasks. This not only
reduces overhead, but this
multi-tasking actually helps
boost the confidence of the
employees and allows them
the chance to showcase their
per
forming skills. Even some of
the owners join cast in some
performances.
2. Reorganization Strategy
Vertical Integration Strategy can be either
be forward or backward. The objective is to
gain econWith fixed costs escalating and
the number of qualified outlets with
category authority decreasing.
2. Reorganization Strategy
Waters Philippines decided to get out of the
distribution of their high-tech water purification
products via retail stores. At much higher
price versus competition, Waters needed a proper demonstration and
explanations of their higher quality, 3-in-1
alkaline, mineral and purified water benefit
with their home water system, a goal achieved
only after they shifted into a direct selling
organization via an independent sales force.
Its sales and profitability reached
an all-time high after the
reorganization from distribution
selling to retail selling, from selling
cash at the retail stores to selling
via installment to the end users,
and from salaried manpower like
salesmen and promo girls to
independent network marketers
and leaders.omies of scale and to
increase control margins. For
instance Jollibee has their own
bakery (backward integration)
providing breads and other
products.
BUSINESS
PLAN
BUSINESS
PLAN
Business Plan
is a formal written document containing the goals of a
business, the methods for attaining those goals, and
the time-frame for the achievement of the goals.
a written description of your business's future, a
document that tells what you plan to do and how you
plan to do it. If you jot down a paragraph on the back of
an envelope describing your business strategy, you've
written a plan, or at least the germ of one.
Business Implementation
It is a vital stage
in business
planning. This is
the process of
executing a plan
into practice.
Business
Implementation
involves
establishing
structures and
activities needed
to introduce a business
into the
marketplace.
Importance of Business Implementation
1. Change - The implementation of a plan brings about change meant
to help improve the company or solve a problem. The changes can
occur to policies, management structures, organizational development,
budgets, processes, products or services.
2. Organizational Development - Part of good organizational
development involves all employees in implemented changes. When a
company shares its ideas and goals with workers, the workers will feel
a sense of ownership and loyalty to the company, as well as feel
included in something important that is larger than their respective job
descriptions. Making workers feel valued also helps maintain or
improve employee retention. Communicating goals to employees helps
encourage participation and can give a plan a strong start.
Importance of Business Implementation
1. Change - The implementation of a plan brings about change meant to
help improve the company or solve a problem. The changes can occur
to policies, management structures, organizational development,
budgets, processes, products or services.
2. Organizational Development - Part of good organizational
development involves all employees in implemented changes. When a
company shares its ideas and goals with workers, the workers will feel a
sense of ownership and loyalty to the company, as well as feel included
in something important that is larger than their respective job
descriptions. Making workers feel valued also helps maintain or improve
employee retention. Communicating goals to employees helps
encourage participation and can give a plan a strong start.
Importance of Business Implementation
3. Increased Cooperation - When executed properly,
business implementation can increase inter-departmental
cooperation. It can be easy for a department within a
business to work independently and only rely on another
department within a business to work independently and
rely on another department when a need arises,
particularly in a large company. It helps unite
departments, open the lines of communication, creates a
diverse culture within the organization and increases
efficiency and productivity.
Importance of Business Implementation
4. Clear Priorities - As well as communicating goals,
business implementation sets clear priorities.
Priorities are generally based on due dates, client
needs, financial concerns, worker needs or logistics.
Failure to communicate priorities can cause
inefficiencies, miscommunications, worker frustration
and low morale. When priorities or deadlines are
realistic, employees feel as if a company is setting
them up for success.
Importance of Business Implementation
5. Moving Forward - Business implementation is
important for moving a company forward.
When a business fails to implement and execute its
strategies properly, it fails to move forward
and grow. According to website Business Balls, to
implement and execute a plan successfully ,
there must be “motivational leadership,” a plan of
action and “performance management”.el as if a
company is setting them up for success.
FORMAT OF A
BUSINESS
PLAN
FORMAT OF A BUSINESS PLAN
I. Executive Summary
II. Background and Business Concept
III. Description of the Business
IV. Vision and Mission for the
Business
V. Marketing Plan
a. Product
b. Price
c. Place
d. Promotion
FORMAT OF A BUSINESS PLAN
VI. Sales and Production Plan
VII. Business Requirements
a. Staffing and Cost
b. Business Organization
c. Equipment Requirement
d. Space Requirement
e. Manufacturing Processes
f. Plant Location
g. Material Cost
FORMAT OF A BUSINESS PLAN
h. Other Cost
-Rent and Utilities
- Transportation
- Office Supplies
- Store Supplies
- Sanitary Supplies
- Pre-operating Expense
- Repairs and Maintenance
- Fringe Benefits
- Miscellaneous Costs
- Utility Cost
TOP SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
50%
90%
20%
JUPITER
SATURN
NEPTUNE
It’s the biggest planet in
the Solar System
Saturn is the ringed one
and a gas giant
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
OUR HISTORY
1995
2002
2015
2020
START
INVESTMENT
TEAM
INCREASE
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Saturn is composed
mostly of hydrogen
Venus has a beautiful
name but it’s hot
Neptune is the fourthlargest
VENUS
MARS
Venus has a
beautiful name
Despite being red,
it’s a cold place
GOALS
NEPTUNE
MERCURY
JUPITER
Neptune is the
farthest planet
Mercury is the
closest planet
Jupiter is a gas
giant planet
STRATEGY
STEP 1
STEP 3
Venus has a
beautiful name
Despite being red,
it’s a cold place
Neptune is the
farthest planet
Mercury is the
closest planet
STEP 2
STEP 4
OUR AREAS OF EXPERTISE
NEPTUNE
VENUS
MERCURY
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
WHAT TONE ARE
WE GOING TO
USE?
MERCURY
VENUS
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun
WHAT PLATFORMS ARE WE GOING
TO USE?
INSTAGRAM
YOUTUBE
GOOGLE +
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s hot
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
CONTENT SHARING PLAN
SAME DAY POST
ON PUBLISH DAY
DAY AFTER POST
WEEK AFTER POST
MONTH AFTER POST
CUSTOM DATE
CALENDAR
CAMPAIGN 1
CAMPAIGN 2
Neptune is the
farthest planet
from the Sun
Jupiter is the
biggest planet in
the Solar System
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
CAMPAIGN 3
CAMPAIGN 4
30
Despite being
red, Mars is a
cold place
Yes, this is the
ringed one. It’s a
gas giant
25
26
27
28
29
THIS IS A MAP
75%
25%
MARS
JUPITER
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place, not hot. It’s
full of iron oxide dust
It’s a gas giant and the
biggest planet in the Solar
System
BUDGET
50,000
INSTAGRAM
20,000
GOOGLE +
5,000
YOUTUBE
06 KPI
OVERVIEW
Here you could describe
the topic of the section
KPI OVERVIEW
TOTAL LEADS
SALES - LEADS
NEW CUSTOMERS
NEW REVENUE
5,408
408
500
50,400 $
Neptune is the
farthest planet
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Jupiter is the
biggest planet
Yes, this is the
ringed one
KPI OVERVIEW
MERCURY
5,408
10,480
3,200
FOLLOWERS
FOLLOWERS
FOLLOWERS
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful
name, but it’s terribly hot
If you want to modify this graph,
click on it, follow the link, change
the data and replace it
DESKTOP
SOFTWARE
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own
work. Just delete this one,
add yours and center it properly
THANKS
Do you have any questions?
youremail@freepik.com
+91 620 421 838
yourcompany.com
CREDITS: This presentation template was created
by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, and
infographics & images by Freepik.
You can delete this slide when you’re done editing the presentation.
RESOURCES
PHOTOGRAPHS
●
●
●
●
Smiling young businessman pointing his
finger against grey background
Young adult with beautiful blue eyes looking
camera
Girl
Happy colleagues looking facebook chart
VECTORS
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Vector social media buttons collection
Vector social media marketing concept
Isometric view of mobile with facebook
notifications
Young people looking for likes on social
media
Flat facebook ads vector background
Stock market analysis
Stock Market Analysis Illustration
Illustration of stock market analysis with
people
Stock market analysis
Abstract illustration of stock exchange data
Social media marketing mobile phone concept
ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
PHOTOGRAPHS
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Happy portrait of a young businessman giving
presentation
Young happy friend lying floor with social
media logos
Portrait pretty woman holding like button
Joyful pretty young woman pointing her
fingers against blue background
Group of people looking at digital tablet with
social media icons
Woman holding linkedin logo with her friends
showing thumbup sign
Social media team discussing plan at
workplace
VECTORS
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Facebook icons background with flat design
Landing page reviews concept
Stock exchange platform landing page vector
Recommend a friend concept with illustrations
Landing page template gradient effect
Stock exchange platform landing page
Stock market analysis concept
Stock market data concept
Stock exchange data illustration
Stock market analysis
Social media marketing mobile phone concept
Mobile Marketing Illustration
ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
Instructions for use (free users)
In order to use this template, you must credit Slidesgo by keeping the Thanks slide.
You are allowed to:
●
●
Modify this template.
Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
You are not allowed to:
●
●
●
●
●
Sublicense, sell or rent any of Slidesgo Content (or a modified version of Slidesgo Content).
Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
Delete the “Thanks” or “Credits” slide.
Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.
For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
Instructions for use (premium users)
In order to use this template, you must be a Premium user on Slidesgo.
You are allowed to:
●
●
●
●
Modify this template.
Use it for both personal and commercial purposes.
Hide or delete the “Thanks” slide and the mention to Slidesgo in the credits.
Share this template in an editable format with people who are not part of your team.
You are not allowed to:
●
●
●
●
Sublicense, sell or rent this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template).
Distribute this Slidesgo Template (or a modified version of this Slidesgo Template) or include it in a database or in
any other product or service that offers downloadable images, icons or presentations that may be subject to
distribution or resale.
Use any of the elements that are part of this Slidesgo Template in an isolated and separated way from this
Template.
Register any of the elements that are part of this template as a trademark or logo, or register it as a work in an
intellectual property registry or similar.
For more information about editing slides, please read our FAQs or visit Slidesgo School:
https://slidesgo.com/faqs and https://slidesgo.com/slidesgo-school
Fonts & colors used
This presentation has been made using the following fonts:
Open Sans
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Open+Sans)
Montserrat
(https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Montserrat?query=mon)
#fde571
#8fcef9
#07105c
#5664e1
#1226db
#23295c
#0e1da8
#ffb127
Storyset by Freepik
Create your Story with our illustrated concepts. Choose the style you like the most, edit its colors, pick
the background and layers you want to show and bring them to life with the animator panel! It will boost
your presentation. Check out How it Works.
Pana
Amico
Bro
Rafiki
Cuate
Use our editable graphic resources...
You can easily resize these resources without losing quality. To change the color, just ungroup the resource
and click on the object you want to change. Then, click on the paint bucket and select the color you want.
Group the resource again when you’re done. You can also look for more infographics on Slidesgo.
JANUARY
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
MAY
JUNE
PHASE 1
Task 1
Task 2
PHASE 2
Task 1
Task 2
JANUARY
PHASE 1
Task 1
Task 2
FEBRUARY
MARCH
APRIL
...and our sets of editable icons
You can resize these icons without losing quality.
You can change the stroke and fill color; just select the icon and click on the paint bucket/pen.
In Google Slides, you can also use Flaticon’s extension, allowing you to customize and add even more icons.
Educational Icons
Medical Icons
Business Icons
Teamwork Icons
Help & Support Icons
Avatar Icons
Creative Process Icons
Performing Arts Icons
Nature Icons
SEO & Marketing Icons