Dimple Reczko Mrs. Prescott Intro to Psychology May, 4th 2023 Final Exam 2.) Schemata is a mental model; assimilation is assessing taking in new information to add to already obtained information. While accommodation is adding new information to correct previously retained information. In Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory there are four major stages, sensorimotor is a stage in which children learn through their senses. Preoperational stage is where children have obtained the knowledge symbols can be representation of words, images and ideas. In concrete operational this is the stage where children can understand logical concrete events and analogies. The last stage, Formal operational is where children have intellectually matured to utilize abstract reasoning and grasp moral reasoning. 3.) The difference between Dispositionism and Situationism, is Dispositionism infers that our behaviour is based on internal factors. While, Situationism is the view that behaviours are based on the influence of others. Teenagers are a great example of situationism at that age they tend to care about people's opinions. In turn affecting their choices like what to wear, what to say or how to act. Although some teenagers don’t get affected by their peers and they do what they feel like even if it differs from others actions. 7.) The four criterias that determine whether one has a psychological disorder are disturbances in thoughts, feelings and behaviours that can be reflected as deprecating. Dysfunctionalities lead from developmental, biological, psychological. Whether disturbances are due to significant stress. Or if the disturbance deviates from the cultural norm. Psychological Disorders are classified through theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). With an overview of the disorder, specific symptoms, the percentage of the population that’s afflicted with that disorder and risks related with it. 8.) Phobias are implausible and specific fears that cause distress or cause anxiety. Phobias are attained through three learning pathways. Classical conditioning, modeling and condition through verbal transmission. Classical conditioning can be how phobias are attained, when a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned response through association. Phobias can be learned from modeling also called observational learning. Through seeing an action, it turns into a cue and can then be internalized. Condition through verbal transmission can be another way phobia can be instilled, through suggestion of fear. If somebody keeps pointing out the things that could happen when you're in a plane, it could elicit fear in them. 9.) Psychotherapy is the intention to restore a person's behaviour to the societal norm. There are three different psychotherapy techniques. Psychoanalysis is a treatment with the connection of the unconscious and conscious. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is a treatment in which problems are solved through steps to deal with overwhelming problems. Humanistic Therapy emphasizes selfactualization and growth and in turn helps with assumptions and attitudes.
