13th IFAC Workshop on Intelligent Manufacturing Systems
13th
IFAC
Workshop
on
Manufacturing
13th
IFAC
Workshop
on Intelligent
Intelligent
Manufacturing Systems
Systems
August
12-14,
2019. Oshawa,
Canada
August
12-14,
2019.
Canada
13th
IFAC
Workshop
on
Manufacturing
Systems
Available online
at www.sciencedirect.com
August
12-14,
2019. Oshawa,
Oshawa,
Canada
13th
IFAC
Workshop
on Intelligent
Intelligent
Manufacturing
Systems
13th
IFAC
Workshop
on Intelligent
Manufacturing Systems
August
12-14,
2019. Oshawa,
Oshawa,
Canada
August
12-14,
2019.
Canada
August 12-14, 2019. Oshawa, Canada
ScienceDirect
IFAC PapersOnLine 52-10 (2019) 376–381
Low-code
platform for
automating business
processes in
manufacturing
Low-code
Low-code platform
platform for
for automating
automating business
business processes
processes in
in manufacturing
manufacturing
Low-code
platform
for
automating
business
processes
in
manufacturing
Low-code
platform
for
automating
business
processes
in
Robert business
Waszkowski*
Low-code platform for automating
processes in manufacturing
manufacturing
Robert
Robert Waszkowski*
Waszkowski*
Robert
Waszkowski*
Robert
Robert Waszkowski*
Waszkowski*
*Cybernetics Faculty, Military University of Technology,
*Cybernetics
Faculty,
Military
University
of
*Cybernetics
Faculty,
Military
University
of Technology,
Technology,
2 Kaliskiego
str., Warszawa,
Poland
(e-mail:
robert.waszkowski@wat.edu.pl)
*Cybernetics
Faculty,
Military
University
of
Technology,
22 Kaliskiego
str.,
Warszawa,
Poland
(e-mail:
robert.waszkowski@wat.edu.pl)
*Cybernetics
Faculty,
Military
University
of
Kaliskiego
str.,
Warszawa,
Poland
(e-mail:
robert.waszkowski@wat.edu.pl)
*Cybernetics
Faculty,
Military
University
of Technology,
Technology,
Kaliskiego
str., Warszawa,
Warszawa,
Poland
(e-mail:
robert.waszkowski@wat.edu.pl)
222 Kaliskiego
str.,
Poland
(e-mail:
robert.waszkowski@wat.edu.pl)
Kaliskiego str., Warszawa, Poland (e-mail: robert.waszkowski@wat.edu.pl)
Abstract: The low-code platform enables quick generation and delivery of business applications with
Abstract:
The
platform enables
quick
generation
and delivery
of business
applications
with
Abstract: effort
The low-code
low-code
quick
generation
business
applications
minimum
to write inplatform
a codingenables
language
and requires
theand
leastdelivery
possibleof
effort
for the
installationwith
and
Abstract:
The
low-code
platform
enables
quick
generation
and
delivery
of
business
applications
with
minimum
effort
to
write
in
a
coding
language
and
requires
the
least
possible
effort
for
the
installation
and
Abstract:
The
low-code
platform
enables
quick
generation
and
delivery
of
business
applications
with
minimum
effort
to
write
in
a
coding
language
and
requires
the
least
possible
effort
for
the
installation
and
configuration
of
environments,
and
training
and
implementation.
With
a
rapidly
growing
number
of
Abstract:
Theoflow-code
platform
enables
quick
generation
and
delivery
ofeffort
business
applications
with
minimum
effort
to
write
in
a
coding
language
and
requires
the
least
possible
for
the
installation
and
configuration
environments,
and
training
and
implementation.
With
a
rapidly
growing
number
of
minimum
effort
to
write
in
a
coding
language
and
requires
the
least
possible
effort
for
the
installation
and
configuration
of
environments,
and
training
and
implementation.
With
a
rapidly
growing
number
of
companies,
the
use
of
low-code
solutions
can
be
a
significant
step
forward
in
creating
essential
business
minimum
effort
toenvironments,
write
in a coding
language
and
the least
possible
effort
forgrowing
the
installation
and
configuration
of
and
training
and
implementation.
With
aa in
rapidly
number
of
companies,
the
use
of
low-code
solutions
can
be
aarequires
significant
step
forward
creating
essential
business
configuration
of
environments,
and
training
and
implementation.
With
rapidly
growing
number
of
companies,
the
use
of
low-code
solutions
can
be
significant
step
forward
in
creating
essential
business
applications.
This
paper
describes
the
use
of
the
Aurea
BPM
low-code
platform
for
automating
business
configuration
of
environments,
and
training
and
implementation.
With
a
rapidly
growing
number
of
companies,
the
use
of
low-code
solutions
can
be
a
significant
step
forward
in
creating
essential
business
applications.
This
paper
describes
the
use
of
the
Aurea
BPM
low-code
platform
for
automating
companies,
the
use
of
low-code
solutions
can
be
a
significant
step
forward
in
creating
essential
applications.
This
paper
describes
the
use
of
the
Aurea
BPM
low-code
platform
for
automating
business
processes
in
manufacturing.
companies,
the
use
of
low-code
solutions
can
be
a
significant
step
forward
in
creating
essential
business
applications.
This
paper describes
the use
of the
Aurea BPM
low-code platform
for automating
business
processes
in
applications.
This
processes
in manufacturing.
manufacturing.
applications.
This paper
paper describes
describes the
the use
use of
of the
the Aurea
Aurea BPM
BPM low-code
low-code platform
platform for
for automating
automating business
business
processes
in
manufacturing.
©
2019,
IFAC
(International
Federation
of
Automatic
Control)
Hosting
by
Elsevier
Ltd.
All
rights
reserved.
Keywords:inLow-code
platform, Aurea BPM, manufacturing, business processes, process automation.
processes
manufacturing.
processes
in
manufacturing.
Keywords:
Low-code
platform,
Aurea
BPM,
manufacturing,
business
processes,
process
automation.
Keywords: Low-code platform, Aurea BPM, manufacturing, business processes, process automation.
Keywords:
Low-code platform,
Aurea BPM,
manufacturing, business
processes, process
automation.
Keywords:
Keywords: Low-code
Low-code platform,
platform, Aurea
Aurea BPM,
BPM, manufacturing,
manufacturing, business
business processes,
processes, process
process automation.
automation.
It is estimated that there are about 275,000 unfilled vacancies
1. INTRODUCTION
It
is
estimated
that
there
are
about
275,000 unfilled
unfilled vacancies
vacancies
It
isthe
estimated
that in
there
275,000
1.
in
ICT sector
the are
EU,about
and by
2020 unfilled
this shortage
will
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
It
is
estimated
that
there
are
about
275,000
vacancies
in
the
ICT
sector
in
the
EU,
and
by
2020
this
shortage
will
It
is
estimated
that
there
about
275,000
unfilled
vacancies
1.
INTRODUCTION
the
ICT
sector
in
the are
EU,
and
by
2020
this shortage
will
reach
1
million.
In
Poland,
the
deficit
of
employees
in
the
IT
The low-code platform
is a set of tools for programmers and in
1.
INTRODUCTION
It
is
estimated
that
there
are
about
275,000
unfilled
vacancies
in
the
ICT
sector
in
the
EU,
and
by
2020
this
shortage
will
1.
INTRODUCTION
reach
1
million.
In
Poland,
the
deficit
of
employees
in
the
IT
The
low-code
platform
is
a
set
of
tools
for
programmers
and
in
the
ICT
sector
in
the
EU,
and
by
2020
this
shortage
will
reach
1
million.
In
Poland,
the
deficit
of
employees
in
the
IT
The
low-code platform
is a set
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for programmers
and
industry
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It
enables
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in
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EU,
and
by 2020
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shortage
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reach
million.
the
deficit
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The
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to
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reach
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The
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research
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installation
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environments,
and
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number
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employees
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at
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pace.
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number
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use
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solutions
can
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significant
number
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employees
is
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at
a
sufficient
pace.
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and
implementation.
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a
rapidly
growing
number
of
situation
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timeliness
of
software
delivery.
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companies,
the
use
of
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solutions
can
be
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in
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a
sufficient
pace.
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and
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Appian.
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solutions
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mainly
built
opposed
to
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programming
techniques.
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feature
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European
or
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technologies
by
adding
of
LCDP
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the
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Copyright@
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10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.10.060
Copyright@ 2019 IFAC
376
Copyright@ 2019 IFAC
376
2019 IFAC IMS
August 12-14, 2019. Oshawa, Canada
Robert Waszkowski / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-10 (2019) 376–381
Unfortunately for many factory managers automation is not
the foreground issue. For many companies, it requires them
to step into an entirely new world of development and data
mastery and tackle completely new challenges like:
377
forms, attachments and user actions. In this way, after
assigning the contractor to the task, we provide him with the
necessary information and tools for its execution.
There are tools for preparing business process diagrams in a
way described above. One of them is designed and developed
by the author. This is the Aurea BPM System. The
comparison with the existing software of that kind has been
presented by Waszkowski Robert and Kowalski Arkadiusz in
the paper “Comparative analysis of Business Process
Management frameworks” published in 2017.
•
•
Acquiring and paying for expert development skills,
Understanding user experience to create intuitive
applications,
• Manually maintaining applications and automated
process to ensure minimal downtime.
Those technical and development challenges were the reason
why companies did not decide to automate processes. It
changed when the new option has emerged that can simplify
all those challenges and give even those with the most limited
development experience the chance to create automated
applications and systems. This new possibility is the lowcode platform.
Properly prepared process diagrams are not enough to
generate applications for handling tasks. The appropriately
modelled process data are equally important. Based on data
models, screen forms and user interface elements are created.
The whole definition of the process allowing for the
automatic generation of applications to support business
process executions is complemented by 'actions'. Actions are
divided into standard ones, i.e. those that are performed for
all tasks in any processes, and individualized actions specific for a particular task in a given process.
Generating applications based on business process diagrams
requires a specific modelling method. There are some, more
complex, structures that can be drawn in BPMN diagrams,
which are not suitable for automation. Therefore, a process
diagram should be prepared in such a way that any request in
the process is uniquely identified as a collection of screen
The system architecture is shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 1. Aurea BPM system architecture. Source: own elaboration.
interface, business monitoring, post action review, process
simulation.
Aurea BPM user interface modules generation algorithms are
able to prepare an application on different levels of
complexity, from a simple workflow to a complex solution
containing databases, user and client dashboards, content
management, task automation, load balancing, mobile
Thanks to the combined runtime and modelling architecture it
is possible to de-sign and execute business processes using an
integrated solution with a coherent user interface all by a web
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Robert Waszkowski / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-10 (2019) 376–381
browser. Any changes in process models influences the way
it is executed and presented to end users. Business process
model is integrated with the application. Any changes in the
model are equal with changes in the system. Both process
modelling, the usage and system administration are conducted in one integrated framework.
system generates corresponding form for data entry as well as
a set of data needed to execute the task. The set of data
consists of both relational or XML data and different types of
files as attachments.
Figure 2 presents the view of the tool with the business
process being modelled.
Process diagrams are converted into working web
applications. For each task in a given business process the
Fig. 2. Sample business process as being prepared in Aurea BPM modeler. Source: own elaboration.
groups of users: the departments of organization and
management, operational and IT divisions and financial
investigators, all work in an integrated environment. This
allows fully integrated management of enterprise processes.
Business Process Management system Aurea BPM is a tool
that provides extensive support for modelling, automation,
managing and optimizing business processes.
Aurea BPM system works in Microsoft Windows, Linux,
Unix environments with any application server and Web
server and uses the Oracle database management system.
Aurea was built using the following technologies: Google
Web Toolkit, Oracle PL / SQL, AJAX, RPC.
Remote access
The technology provides system users with access to
repository resources from anywhere, simply using a web
browser. The system works on most available platforms,
operating systems and hardware, and may be supported by a
variety of Web browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Mozilla,
Safari and Opera).
Integrated management of enterprise processes
The designing, operating and control of all business processes
takes place in one central, integrated repository. The target
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Robert Waszkowski / IFAC PapersOnLine 52-10 (2019) 376–381
379
Security
User interface
The security subsystem protects data from unauthorized
access. Access to the system is controlled at several levels,
from the database objects through the application server and
ending with the application itself. The system can operate
both in an open Internet network as well as in a secure
internal corporate network.
System users use the Aurea User Portal module. The user
interface not only displays the user task list, but also presents
information on the currently executed processes and shows
the process history of already finished processes.
Reliability
For system administration Aurea provides the Aurea Admin
Portal. This component allows you to create new business
processes, create new versions of existing processes, create
users and manage their rights, track the execution of current
processes and finish processes.
System administration
The use of verified information technology provides Aurea
BPM with adequate reliability. Moreover, the measure has a
built-in exception logging subsystem. It facilitates
identification and solving any problems.
Sample production processes
Reports
Three actors are involved in the "recovery process":
production department (DP), maintenance department (DT)
and quality department (DQ). Following, there are presented
the details of each of the activities the recovery process is
composed of. When reporting a failure, the reporting person
(machine operator) determines the type of failure:
mechanical, electrical, other, which should be understood as:
type of failure unknown or simultaneous occurrence of
mechanical and electrical failure). After a failure has been
recovered, the DT responsible for recovery shall send the
information to the DP. The production department runs a
series of tests on a given machine to confirm the
effectiveness of the repairs carried out. After the test series,
the quality department (DQ) performs quality assessment of
the defined product parameters. If the product meets the
requirements, DQ approves DP production. The production
department sends the information concerning the launch of
the production to the planning department (DPP). In case of a
negative quality assessment, the quality department (DJ) will
forward the information to the technical department (DT)
expecting repairs to be completed correctly. The new process
model is shown in figure 3.
Aurea BPM system operates on the basis of a relational
database, Oracle. At the same time, all the events associated
with process execution are recorded (process start and stop
time, the paths of delegations, opinions and escalation, etc.)
In this way, beyond the standard reports available in the
system, you can build ad-hoc reports using tools based on
SQL or specialized tools in OLAP class.
Business process modelling
Aurea Business Process Modeler is a visual modelling tool
that provides support for the Business Process Modelling
Notation (BPMN). Authorized users define new and modify
existing business processes.
Business process execution
The Aurea Process Execution Engine module is responsible
for executing business processes defined in the Aurea
Business Process Modeler. While starting a process of a
particular type the system automatically generates a new
instance of the process, transfers tasks to appropriate users
completing their task list. Overall the Aurea Process
Execution Engine collects process data which gives the
ability to analyse, measure and optimize business processes.
After the operator has reported a failure, the recovery task
can be accomplished in two ways: by using own resources
(DT) or external resources (external service). In the first
option, there is possibility of the lack of necessary resources
for task execution, e.g. lack of parts. In such a case, the
Procurement Department (DZ) will be asked to purchase and
deliver those parts and, upon delivery, work is continued
until it is completed. In most cases, all the resources
necessary to eliminate the failure will be available and the
task will take place in one time. In the second scenario, the
task is transferred to an external company that takes over the
entire process until the task is completed. Irrespective of the
option selected, the flow of information across departments is
an important part of the process, as the date of recovery can
affect the tasks performed by other departments: DP –
Production Department, DPP – Planning Department. In the
model described, if a failure has not been recovered within 1
(or 2) hours after notification, the departments indicated must
take corrective action. After that time, the relevant
information reaches the DP and DPP departments. The DPP
Collecting statistics and reports
The Aurea Business Activity Monitoring component is a set
of predefined reports on the status of processes. The tool is
intended for process owners, managers and other users.
Reports are loaded by data collected by the Aurea Process
Execution Engine module. Thanks to the use of transparent
relational data structures, there is also the possibility of
setting up ad-hoc reports using other available tools that
support SQL.
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department is taking steps to implement the procedures for
changing the production plans, and the DP department,
depending on the level of execution of the production order
Technical Department
electrical
(85% or 95%), is preparing to execute the next order (setups,
replenishing, ...).
Repair the
electrical fault
What kind
of fault?
Inform the
Production
Inform
the Production
about the
readiness for
approval
other (unknown)
Failure report
Production Department
Repair the
mechanical fault
Make a trial
series of
products
Quality Department
mechanical
Forward to
re-repair
Execute quality
reception of the
trial series
Run the
production
Notify
Planning
Department
about resuming
the production
no
yes
Repair accepted?
Fig. 3. BPMN diagram of the Recovery Process. Source: own elaboration.
case of low-code platforms, these obstacles disappear
because programming is not necessary to build applications.
rocess execution is the next stage. In this stage, proposed
process was evaluated experimentally in a web environment.
This was done by performing the following tasks: data
modeling, generation of forms and definition of business
rules and participants. The data model contains all the
information required in the process and how they relate to the
entities. To perform the simulation management of the
maintenance process, the following information was required:
problem description; its location; phone; e-mail, comments
on the requested service; analysis of received data;
observations on the need for correction of a request;
technician name that will perform the service; check on the
need of material request, etc.
In 2017 Joe McKendrick (an analyst at Unisphere Research, a
recognized analytical centre that is part of Information
Today, Inc. researches the market in the field of information
technology) developed a report on the development of
applications by non-programmers, titled "The Rise of the
Empowered Citizen Developer: Is IT Possible Without IT".
This report shows that the main problem of business
departments is the long waiting time for delivery of a
business application to end-users and the long waiting time
for requested data and reports. This leads to situations in
which so-called “Citizen Development” takes place de-facto
in business departments on its own, and with the use of
common office platforms. More serious and responsible
engagement of people who create such applications, and
equipping them with appropriate tools, will certainly lead to
the faster and better creation of business applications. Such a
situation may take place, among others, due to shortening the
path of transferring requirements from business departments
to IT departments, and thus reducing the risk of errors and
misunderstandings.
3. CONCLUSIONS
The low-code platform Aurea BPM developed as the result of
my research and development work is in line with current
market demand. Experts see great potential for the
development of such solutions. The basic reason for this is
the lack of programmers and increasing requirements as to
the scope and frequency of changes introduced in IT systems.
Manual coding is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In the
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Using low-code platforms for automating business processes
in manufacturing is a new and innovate approach. It can
significantly reduce cost and time of implementing,
developing and maintaining processes. Furthermore, due to a
new possibility to utilize company’s internal human resources
for analytical and development work, the results of the work
would better meet the real needs of business.
381
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