9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 Welcome to Science 1 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/14­ Calculating the speed of an object: it n u e? t r a e h h W es Tool: stop watch and meter stick go Formula: S= d/t Speed of a pillbug Distance Unit: ?? Mean Speed (cm/s) Core 1 1.8 Core 2 1.6 Core 3 1.4 Core 4 1.3 MEAN 1.5 Time Speed Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 2 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/21­ How fast does a pillbug go? lab To compare the speed of two things, you need to make sure the speed of each thing is in the same unit. In order to compare the speed of a pillbug and another animal, you will most probably need to convert the average pillbug's speed to kilometers per hour (kph). To do that, you need to: Average pillbug speed (in cm/sec): ________ ______ per sec x 60= ______________ ______ x 60= _______________ ______ / 100,000= _________ kph 3 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 FINISH YOUR LAB...You have 7 minutes. 8/21 and 8/25­ How do I write the conclusion for the How Fast Does a Pillbug Go lab? 1. Pick an animal. 2. Write a sentence that makes a claim on your lab sheet about its speed compared to a pillbug. 3. Research the speed of the animal you chose. 4. Write 2 sentences stating the data needed to support your claim...one about the pillbug's average speed and one about your chosen animal's average speed. 5. Write a sentence that explains how your data supports your claim. This is the part that challenges students because it requires you to do your own thinking. Imagine that!! :) I want you to do your own thinking! Try it on your own...write SOMETHING, even if it's wrong!!! WDIDWID?? Study I can... #1 on blank paper. 4 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/24­ I can name and explain the use of science lab tools. 5 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/26‐ Types of Measurement 1. Volume‐ The amount of space something takes up TOOL: graduated cylinder UNIT: mL (liquid) or cm3(solid) metric ruler cm3 2. Weight‐ The pull of gravity on an object TOOL: spring scale or scale UNIT: grams 3. Mass‐ The amount of maer in an object TOOL: triple‐beam balance (tbb) UNIT: grams 4. Length‐How long something is (usually the biggest side of an object) TOOL: metric ruler UNIT: cm 5. Width‐How wide something is (usually the smaller side of an object) TOOL: metric ruler UNIT: cm 6. Height‐The distance from the base of an object to the highest point TOOL: metric ruler UNIT: cm 7. Distance‐The amount of space between two points (or places) TOOL: meter sck UNIT: m 8. Speed‐The distance an object travels in a certain amount of me TOOL: meter sck and stopwatch UNIT: the unit used for distance / the unit used for me 6 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/27­ I can define and measure volume. Before you can measure volume, you need to know a few things. How to use a graduated cylinder (GC): * GC on a flat surface * read the bottom of the meniscus * eye level at water level *check the scale 7 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/27­ How to measure the volume of something that FITS in a graduated cylinder. 8 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/28­ I can define and measure volume. Before you can measure volume of a regular solid, you need to know a few things. How to use a metric ruler (MR): * edge of object at 0 (zero) * read in centimeters...use decimals for parts of a centimeter 0.9 cm 3.0cm 5.7 cm 14.7 cm 9 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/31­ I can define and measure volume. Before you can measure volume of a regular solid, you need to know a few things. How to use a metric ruler (MR): * edge of object at 0 (zero) * read in centimeters...use decimals for parts of a centimeter Use the formula: length x width x height Report volume in cm3. 10 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/1­ Paper Towels Don't Suck! lab Which of these methods for comparing the absorbency of paper towels will give the most reliable* data? Explain your thinking. * Reliability refers to how well a test gives the same results when it is repeated multiple times. 1. Pour 50 mL water on the counter. Use a 20 cm x 20 cm square of paper towel to wipe up the water. Measure how much water is left on the counter. 2. Put a 5 cm X 40 cm rectangle of paper towel into a graduated cylinder that has 50 mL water in it. Measure how long it takes for the water to go 30 cm. 2. Put a 5 cm X 25 cm rectangle of paper towel into a beaker that has 500 mL water in it. Measure the distance the water travelled in 2 minutes. 3. Measure the mass of a 20 cm x 20 cm square of paper towel. Put the paper towel in 100 mL water. Measure the mass after one minute. 11 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/2­ Paper Towels Don't Suck! lab 1. HOW TO WRITE A PROBLEM STATEMENT/TESTABLE QUESTION: a. Clearly define below what your experiment will test to find the “most absorbent” paper towel (it usually involves measuring something to find out). ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ b. *Write your problem statement in the form of a question. *Remember that your problem should not have a “yes” or “no” answer. *Begin the problem with a word such as how, which, or what. Your question should not be researchable (What mountain is the tallest?). EX. Does a liquid freeze more quickly if it starts out at room temperature or colder than room temperature? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 12 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/3­ Paper Towels Don't Suck! lab 2. RESEARCH Where will you find research about the most absorbent paper towel? ____________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ b. Beginning with the source citation, answer your testable question using the research. EX. If your testable question is “Does a liquid freeze more quickly if it starts out at room temperature or colder than room temperature?,” you would present your research like this: “According to page __ of the Matter and Energy textbook, the molecules of a liquid at room temperature ___.” RESTATE the research exactly as it is printed. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ 13 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/3­ Paper Towels Don't Suck! lab 3. HYPOTHESIS Remember that a hypothesis includes a tentative explanation for an observation or scientific problem. EX. “If 100 mL of 27oC orange juice (o.j.) is put in a 0oC freezer, What you’re going to do (IV) then it will freeze more quickly than 100 mL of 20oC o.j. What you think will happen based on the research (DV) because the molecules of a liquid at room temperature _blah, blah, blah_.” Why you think that will happen (research) Write your hypothesis below in the form of an "If ____, then ____, because ___." statement. Make sure your hypothesis is specific (include necessary materials and procedures). _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 14 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 RESEARCH for Paper Towels Don’t Suck! lab Source #1: from: <hp://www.educaon.com/science‐fair/arcle/find‐absorbent‐brand paper‐towels/> Paper towels are permeable and porous, meaning that they contain small spaces that both liquid and air may pass through. Liquid is able to rise through a property of water called cohesion­that is, water molecules like to stay close to one another (which also helps to explain surface tension). Water also likes to bind to certain other materials through a process called adhesion. (Adhesion is what causes a meniscus in a graduated cylinder (gc). The water molecules adhere to the plastic or glass of the gc.) In this paper towel science project, we will be testing which type of paper towel contains the highest rate of capillarity (or ability to absorb water into its many small spaces). Source #2: from: <hp://science.howstuffworks.com/diconary/physics‐terms/capillary acon‐info.htm> Capillary Action, or Capillarity, the tendency of liquids to rise or to be depressed in tubes of small diameter. Capillarity is due to the adhesion of the liquid to the sides of the tube, and to the surface tension of the liquid. A liquid that wets a capillary tube will rise. If the liquid does not wet the tube it will be depressed. The smaller the diameter of the tube, the greater the elevation or depression of the liquid. As temperature increases, the amount of elevation or depression decreases. Capillary action can be seen when a corner of a paper towel is touched to spilled water. The water soon spreads into other parts of the towel because loose fibers have spaces between them that act as capillary tubes. The drying action of a bath towel is also due to capillarity. Kerosene rises in the wick of a lamp through capillary action. Source #3: from: KClassScienceChannel <hps://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOK5U tQfmgA6FnCxNPr_IQ> Source #4: from: hps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_acon Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, and in opposition to, external forces like gravity. 15 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/4­ Paper Towels Don't Suck! lab Data Tables: Today we made the data table we will use to organize the data we collect as we experiment. Remember: * a TITLE that gives information about the data and how it was collected * Capitalize all important letters in the title * Write HEADINGS that tell what the data is * Capitalize all important letters in the headings * Put the UNIT in the heading EX. (in cm) Title?? Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean You far 're pu it w tti ent ng p up. aper Wha tow t d el i ata n w are ate you r fo coll r 2 m ect ing inute ?? s, t Des aki crib ng e th it ou at t an in y d our mea hea suri din ng h gs. ow (NOTE: You might not use all the rows and columns I put in the table. I need you to think about what data you need to record and make sure you have a place to record it!) 16 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 Hey! Thanks for checking out the smartboard You may not get a ticket for posting the name of notes!! a scientist anymore. The ticket was only available over the weekend. Earn a ticket by putting your favorite scientist's name in the comment box. DON'T write, "My favorite scientist is..." just write his/her name. Mine...hard to choose, but I love Thomas Edison's quote, "I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that don't work!" 17 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/17­ Bellringer Name three things we talked about in class that you need to do when you write procedures of a science experiment. 18 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/17­ Bellringer ANSWER Name three things we talked about in class that you need to do when you write procedures of a science experiment. * DO be detailed. * DO make a numbered list. You've found it! To earn a ticket tonight, I want you to send me a private message. To do this, you need to go to the Members section of our core and you'll see my name with a crown. Click on the settings button (it looks like a cog). In your message, tell me YOUR CORE and something you liked about class today. * DO start with a verb (Put, place, start, NOTE: The ticket is only available tonight, Wednesday, August 19. stop, etc) * DON'T start with "first, then, next, finally" * DON'T list something a good scientist would do automatically (gather materials, record results, etc) * DON'T use pronouns. 19 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/18­ Bellringer Name and explain the use of the science tool you used yesterday during the pillbug experiment (NOT the stopwatch). 20 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/18­ Bellringer ANSWER Name and explain the use of the science tool you used yesterday during the pillbug experiment (NOT the stopwatch). meter stick It is used for measuring length, width, height and distance. Do you remember what units it measures in? 21 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/19­ Bellringer Write the procedures, using the format we have discussed in class, for how to do BPS. 22 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/19­ Bellringer ANSWER Write the procedures, using the format we have discussed in class, for how to do BPS. 1. Write name and date on a blank piece of paper. 2. Choose an I can... statement. 3. Answer it for about 5 minutes. 4. Check answer with Schoology notes or ISN. 5. Correct answer!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 6. Turn it in to your study folder.* *You would think this step would be a "Duh!" but last year I had some kids forget to turn it in! 23 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/20­ Bellringer Write the procedures, using the format we have discussed in class, for how to do the Bellringer. 24 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/20­ Bellringer ANSWER Write the procedures, using the format we have discussed in class, for how to do the Bellringer. 1. Write name and date on a blank piece of paper. 2. Answer the Bellringer question until the bell rings. 3. Hand your paper to someone else when the bell rings. 4. Grade it using the notes Mrs. R made. 5. Hand it back to its owner. 6. Correct it if it's wrong or take it to Mrs. R if it's right. 7. Put it in the paperclip in your science folder. 25 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/21­ Bellringer Write procedures for sending Mrs. R a private message on Schoology. 26 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/21­ Bellringer ANSWER Write procedures for sending Mrs R a private message on Schoology. 1. Click on Members in the science course. 2. Click on the settings/cog button. 3. Click on Send Message. 4. Type a subject and message. 5. Click Send. 27 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/24­ Bellringer Write procedures for inserting the formula for calculating mean into a Google spreadsheet. 28 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/24­ Bellringer ANSWER Write procedures for inserting the formula for calculating mean into a Google spreadsheet. 1. Click on the cell where the formula is to be added. 2. Click on Insert. 3. Click on Function. 4. Click on AVERAGE. 5. Select the cells to be averaged. 6. Press Enter. 29 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/25­ Bellringer Name the 10 science tools we will be using this year. 30 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/25­ Bellringer ANSWER Name the 10 science tools we will be using this year. meter stick/metric ruler microscope microscope slide graduated cylinder beaker pipette Petri dish hot plate spring scale triple­beam balance/digital scale 31 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/26­ Bellringer Name and explain the use of the science tools we will be using this year. 32 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/26­ Bellringer ANSWER Name and explain the use of the science tools we will be using this year. meter stick/metric ruler ­ measure length, width, height, distance microscope­ observe things too small to see microscope slide­ holds the specimen to be observed under a microscope graduated cylinder ­ measures volume beaker­ holds and pours liquid; can sometimes be used to measure volume pipette­ used to add or remove a small amount of liquid Petri dish­ holding/growing bacteria or mold hot plate­ keeps things above room temperature spring scale­ measures the pull of gravity triple­beam balance/digital scale­ measures mass 33 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/27­ Bellringer Explain the use of the science tools we will be using this year. meter stick/metric ruler ­ microscope­ microscope slide­ graduated cylinder ­ beaker­ pipette­ hot plate­ triple­beam balance/digital scale­ 34 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/27­ Bellringer ANSWER Explain the use of the science tools we will be using this year. meter stick/metric ruler ­ measure length, width, height, distance microscope­ observe things too small to see microscope slide­ holds the specimen to be observed under a microscope graduated cylinder ­ measures volume beaker­ holds and pours liquid; can sometimes be used to measure volume pipette­ used to add or remove a small amount of liquid hot plate­ keeps things above room temperature triple­beam balance/digital scale­ measures mass 35 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/28­ Bellringer Define and (write procedures to) measure volume (of an irregular object). 36 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/28­ Bellringer ANSWER Define and (write procedures to) measure volume (of an irregular object). Volume is the amount of space something takes up. To find the volume of an irregular object: 1. Put graduated cylinder (GC) on flat surface. 2. Put enough water in GC to cover object but not so much that it will overflow when object is added. 3. Remember beginning volume of water by reading the meniscus.. 4. Tip GC and carefully slide in object. 5. Read new volume of water. 6. Subtract old volume from new volume. 7. Report volume of object in cm3. 37 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/31­ Bellringer Define and (write procedures to) measure volume (of a liquid). 38 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 8/31­ Bellringer ANSWER Define and (write procedures to) measure volume (of a liquid). Volume is the amount of space something takes up. To find the volume of a liquid: 1. Put graduated cylinder (GC) on flat surface. 2. Pour liquid into the GC. 3. Read the meniscus. 4. Report volume of object in mL. 39 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/1­ Bellringer Write the three ways to measure volume and (write procedures to) measure volume (of a rectangular prism). 40 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/1­ Bellringer ANSWER Write the three ways to measure volume and (write procedures to) measure volume (of a rectangular prism). Volume can be measured using water displacement, pouring a substance into a graduated cylinder, or using a formula. To find the volume of a rectangular prism: 1. Measure the height of the object in cm. 2. Measure the length of the object in cm. 3. Measure the width of the object in cm. 4. Multiply the three measurements. 5. Report the volume in cm3. 41 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/2­ Bellringer What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? Make sure you have explained the difference using examples. 42 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/2­ Bellringer ANSWER Explain* the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? *using examples Qualitative data is data gathered by observing and describes the object or what happened. For example, "The mixture bubbled," or "The liquid turned green." Quantitative data is data gathered by measuring and is a measurement. For example, "The mixture is 34o C," or "The liquid had a volume of 56mL." 43 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/3­ Bellringer Give two pieces of qualitative data and two pieces of quantitative data for this diagram: 44 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/3­ Bellringer ANSWER Give two pieces of qualitative data and two pieces of quantitative data for this diagram: qualitative data: red liquid folded paper towel straight sides quantitative data: water level at 0 cm paper towel 9.5 cm into water 45 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/4­ Bellringer Give the definition, tool and unit for the following types of measurement: speed­ volume­ distance­ mass­ 46 9.4.15 Science Notes.notebook September 04, 2015 9/4­ Bellringer ANSWER Give the definition, tool and unit for the following types of measurement: speed­the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time T:stopwatch and meter stick U:whatever unit used for distance/whatever unit used for time volume­the amount of space something takes up T:graduated cylinder(gc) or metric ruler(mr) U:cm3 (solid), mL (liquid) distance­the amount of space between two points/places T:meter stick or mr U:cm or m or km mass­the amount of matter in an object T: triple­beam balance /digital scale U:grams 47