PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT:IT'S EFFECT ON
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 12 HUMSS
SOCRATES LEARNERS
A Quantitative Research Paper Presented
to the Senior High School Department of Pototan National
Comprehensive High School Pototan, Iloilo
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Applied Subject
Practical Research 2
ALLADO, KATHYRINE S.
GORRO,JOCEL ANN C.
SALERO,JOYLYN T.
MAGBANUA,LLOYD M.
AMPARO, JHUNRUW C.
NAVIGAR,REY GABRIEL J.
PEÑAFLORIDA,LONY L.
NOVEMBER 2022
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Chapter consists of seven parts: (1) Background of the study, (2) Conceptual
Framework, (3) Statement of the Problem, (4) Hypothesis, (5) Definition of
Terms, (6) Significance of the Study, (7) Scope and Delimitations of the study:
Part one, Background of the Study, presents the importance in conducting the
study and prove in its legal basis.
Part Two, Theoretical and Conceptual Framework, defined all the important
concepts or variables in your study and maps out how they might be related to
each other.
Part Three, Statement of the Problem, states the questions that guide the
study.
Part Four, Hypothesis is a statement that defines the testable relationship you
Part Five, Definition of Terms, Includes the important terms used in the study
by giving their conceptual land operational meaning.
Part Six, Significance of the Study, cites the importance of the result of the
study and the different persons who will directly or indirectly benefit from
them.
Part Seven, Scope and Delimitations of the study, sets parameters of the problem
inquiry and narrows down the scope of the inquiry. These should be set to help the
researcher/s know the boundaries of his/her own study.
Background of the Study
Parents are the key educators till the learners reaches the elementary school.
Even while parents continue to have a significant impact on their children's learning
throughout the school years and beyond, the school still plays a significant role in the
education of the learners. The both home and in the school play important roles in the
students’ education.
Parents involvement in their children education and its impact on their
children educational progress is remained a topic of worth investigated for many
researchers. It is a common perception that parental involvement with their children in
early age plays a positive role towards their personality building and social
adjustments. At early stage of life parents of every child are their role model and they
try to copy them in every way of life and this is a good opportunity for their parents to
shape up their habits in a desired way.Parental involvement is crucial, especially for
activities that are school-based. Parental involvement is required in a variety of
school-based activities, including communicating with the child's instructor, keeping
an eye on their child's attendance, and routinely checking the learning opportunities
offered by the school. These entire aspects play a significant role on secondary school
pupil's academic success. It is reality that most pupils are more concerned with the
educational opportunities offered by their schools. As a pupil’s progress from middle
to secondary school, so do parental expectations (Alampay Parenting in the
Philippines Parenting across cultures, 2014).
Currently in the 21st century, there has been another major shift in the
structure of families. These days, it is not uncommon to find the bread winner of a
single parent whom working numerous jobs to support a basic lifestyle for their
children. By comparison, two parent homes usually find both father and mother
working full time in order to financially support the family. Many families are un-able
to assist their children when it comes to traditional parental involvement in schools as
a result of the change in financial responsibilities. According to research, there are
gaps between parents' involvement and support in school activities. As a result of this
change, schools are now responsible for educating students both academically and
socially (Bernardo, 2010). As a result, instead of serving as a child's sole supporter,
the school system has traded places with the parent and been given the crucial task of
acting as the child's primary care taker.
The objective of the study is to examine the effect of parental involvement in
academics and the extent of the parental participation in their child's education. The
researcher intends to determine the difference on the
academic performance between learners whose parents are will actively involve in
their school activities from those parents who are not. This study will investigate
whether parenting involvement can bridge the gap of the students’ with low academic
performance (Abulencia, 2014).
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the effects of parental involvement of Grade 12
HUMSS SOCRATES on their Academic Performance SY 2022-2023 in Pototan
National Comprehensive High School, Specifically, it will seek to answer the
following research questions:
1. What is the extent of parent involvement on its effect to the academic
performance of the Grade 12 HUMSS SOCRATES students of Pototan
National Comprehensive High School when classified according to:
a. Sex
b. Age
2. Is there a significant relationship between the effects of parental involvement of
Grade 12 HUMSS SOCRATES on their academic performance when classified
according to:
a. Sex
b. Age
Sex
Conceptual Framework
Age
Effects of Parental
Involvement
The objective of this study is to determine the effects of parental
involvement in academics and the level of parental involvement in their children's
education. The purpose of the study is to compare the differences in academic
achievement between kids whose parents participate actively in their child's school
activities and those whose parents do not. This study explores If parental participation
helps close the achievement gap for the students. The procedure outlines the approach
taken to employ the survey questionnaire, quantitative data analysis, and statistical
processing of the data to achieve the goals of the t
Sex
Age
Figure 1: The paradigm of the study
Theoretical Framework
Effects of Parental
Involvement
Conceptual Development Theory
This study is anchored on “Conceptual Development Theory” by Jean
Piaget who has been referred to as both an integrationist and a constructivist, put forth
a theory of how children's cognitive development occurs and emphasized the
beneficial effects of social interaction with peers and family members. His thesis was
predicated on the fundamental tenet that young children are active learners who
constantly strive to align their outward creations-their environment-with their internal
constructions, which represent their own perceptions of the real world (Piaget, 1981).
Being more actively involved with the people and things around them helps
children integrate new knowledge and adjust their own flawed world views more
swiftly. When given the chance to interact, kids learn the most about this especially
with their parents, who are an important component of children's habitats, with their
settings in general (Athey, 2007).
This objective of the study is to determine the impact of parental involvement
on a child's academic performance and the level of parental involvement in that child's
education. The purpose of the study is to compare the academic achievement of
students whose parents are actively involved in their child's school activities versus
those whose parents are not. This study explores if parental participation can improve
the academic achievement of the students (A F Abulencia, 2014)
Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which was influenced in part by Plaget's
ideas, placed an emphasis on how people interact with their physical and social
environments. There are many actors involved in growth and learning (Vygotsky,
1978). The culture in which a person lives has an effect on them, and they are
surrounded by family members (Rieber & Robinson, 2004). Since the family is their
first teacher and their first place of learning is the community, children's interactions
with family members there are crucial to their learning and development.
Ecological Systems Theory
The Ecological Systems Hypothesis is a different theory that was supported
by Urie Bronfenbrenner. It has to deal with the defense of parental engagement and its
effect on relevant research investigations (Hung, 2007). This idea contends that a kid's
development is influenced by variables outside of the child as well as within the
family and the community (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). Conditions in the child's social,
political, biological, and economic spheres also have an impact (Bronfenbrenner,
1986).
Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory views child development as
acomplex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding
environment, from immediate settings of family and school to broad cultural values,
laws, and customs (Olivia Guy-Evans, 2020).
Hypothesis
1. There is no significant relationship between the effects of parental involvement of
Grade 12 HUMSS SOCRATES on the Academic Performance when classified
according to:
a. Sex
b. Age
Significance of the Study
This study will obtain results that may be beneficial to:
Students. This study may enrich their understanding that involvement of their
parents will enrich their achievement and abilities in school. Also, their parents'
involvement will push them to achieve more.
Parents. They may realize their importance in assessing their child's needs in
answering their modules. Considering the lack of guidance from their teachers, the
parents should take part and provide necessary things needed by the students. This
will help evaluate their children's academic performance as a whole.
Teachers. Knowledge and information of this study may enable the teachers to
observe the dynamic of their own classroom, while investigating how to develop
parental involvement in their students' education or may include parents' involvement
in the class in school. Also, their parents' involvement will push them to achieve
more.
School Administrators. The findings of this study may serve as their basis in
deciding what programs and policies would be changed and implemented in terms of
parental involvement: parenting and students'
academic performances.
Future Researchers. The finding and result of the study may serve as their
input and foundations for further and more depth investigation in the future issues and
concerns about parental involvement: parenting and students' achievement.
Scope and Delimitations
This study aims to determine the effects of parental involvement on Grade 12
HUMSS Socrates learners Academic Performance. The participants of this study will
be the Grade 12 Senior High School learners belonging to one section and they will
be identified through simple random sampling. Everyone in 12 HUMSS Socrates will
be chosen as the subject of this study.
Thus, the needed data for this research will be obtain through survey
questionnaire, quantitative data analysis, and statistical treatment of the data. It will be
conducted at Pototan National Comprehensive High School.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Literature
Parental Involvement
According to, Catsambis (1998), parental involvement is viewed as one of
the most effective educational strategies in students achievement and reducing
education imbalances. Researchers show parent involvement in their child’s education
is linked to success(Yan &Lin, 2005)and a kept factor related to success for children
with learning disabilities(McLoughlin, Edge, & Strenecky, 1978). According to
McLoughlin, Edge, and Strenecky (1978),actively involved parents of students with
disabilities are most likely to follow these processes:(a) parents and professionals
exchange information,(b) increased encouragement in the role of the parent, and (c)
there is a more productive and trusting relationship between the parents and teachers
McLoughlin,Edge, & strenecky ,1978). Deplanty ,Coulter-Kern, and Duchane
p.361,believes adolescents are more positively affected when a relationship is
sustained between home and school, and is a critical time when parental involvement
is needed even more .Fenwick (1987) describes adolescent as a physical, emotional
,and intellectual area of concern facing intense preoccupation that brings about
questions of personal identity, peer pressure and values.
Academic achievement and social adjustment are predicted by the level of
parental expectations such as high-achieving student have parents who set higher
standards than those parents of low achieving students (MDE 2002). When parents do
not know how to get involved it is recommended schools offer support in every aspect
of modeling and guiding. According to the Michigan Department of education (2002),
those children who do well in school have involved parents based on the following
ways:(a) parents established daily routines, (b) monitor out-of-school activities
assuring structured time and set attainable goals, and (c) offer encouragement by
expressing interest in progress (MDE,2002).Moreover, parental involvement
encourages activities filled with reading ,writing, and meaningful family moments
(MDE,2002).
Related Studies
The Effects of Parental Involvement
Parental involvement is not a new concept but has evolved, in this country,
from parents being concerned about their son’s education and their daughter’s dowry
to a genuine concern for the education of both sons and daughters.It is only in the past
few decades that studies, such as the Senior
High School Project that began in 1960 by Sweinchart and Weikart,(cited in
Gestwicki,1996) have been done to assess the effects of parent involvement on
children’s educational and personal success. This project followed 123 children who
attented high quality early childhood programs for two-and-a half hours five days a
week whose parent were visited in their homes by teachers for ninety minutes every
week.They did very well both academically and socially.They received less remedial
education, graduated frpm high school and went on to jobs and higher education at
twice the rate of children without the preschool experience.Additionally, they had
fewer teen pregnancies,fewer arrests, and less welfare dependency.As adults they
were more likely to be married, own a home , and hold a stable job.
According to Velez and Jones’ (1997) study, parentchild interaction
provides a solid foundation for academic performance. The more solid the bonds,
particularly those that concern education, the better the academic performance. The
research is currently beyond question. Children are more likely to succeed in school
and in life when schools and families collaborate to encourage learning (Wherry, no
date). Johnston (1998) correlates parent/family involvement in the educational process
to kid accomplishment, school adjustment, and good behavior. The Metropolitan
Omaha Educational Consortium [MOEC] (1999) highlighted Henderson, Henderson,
and Berla’s through analysis of research published in a series of works (1981, 1987,
and 1995). Henderon et al. highlighted more than 85 research that showed the
significant and allencompassing advantages for students, families, and schools when
parents and guardians work together.
Zellman and Waterman (1998) found parent enthusiasm contributed
significantly to the home-site and school-site involvement of parents. Even more
effective then enthusiasm was positive parenting style as a predictor ofchild outcome.
They went on to say that parenting style had a greater affect on student performance
than parent school involvement. This an important point to remember as we develop
parental involvement programs and projects. Teaching parenting skills well have a
greater and longer lasting effect on are children’s lives.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3 consists of five parts: (1) Research Design, (2) Sample and Sampling
Method, (3) Data Gathering Instruments, and (4) Data Gathering Procedure,(5)
Statistical Data Analysis.
Part One, Research Design, discusses and explains the research method used in the
study.
Part Two, Sample and Sampling Method, describes the setting and venue as well as
the informants of the study.
Part Three, Data Gathering Instruments, discusses the sampling technique/s used in
determining the participants as well as describes the setting and venue of the study.
Part Four, Data Gathering Procedure, presents the procedure, also the instrument,
process and interpretation of the data gathered from the participant.
Part Five, Statistical Data Analysis, process helps you gain an in-depth understanding
of a large population of data by analyzing the sample’s information.
Research Design
The research design for this study was a non-experimental, correlational
design utilizing a quantitative survey. Correlational research measures two or more
variables for each participant in order to determine the strength and nature of the
relationship between those variables. The statistical analysis was conducted to
identify patterns in those relationships, but no attempt was made to describe the
relationship (Gravetter &Forzano, 2012). The rationale for this study was to
determine if there was a relationship in how parents viewed their responsibilities in
regards to involvement on the academic performance of Senior High School learners.
Hence, the goal of the study is to document and to determine the strength
and nature of the phenomenon of parent involvement of the study was relationships
and to determine if that phenomenon was different amongst parents whose children
were enrolled at the SHS.A survey method was chosen to collect quantitative data and
was used to determine the relationships between “trends, attitudes, and opinions of
populations,” (Creswell, 2003, p. 153).
Sample and Sampling Technique
Pototan National Comprehensive High School has a huge population where
in only the selected Grade 12 HUMSS 2 learners are the participants for this study. As
the researcher, decided to get the population of Grade 12 HUMSS 2 learners which is
forty-four (44) learners (n=19) and girls (n=25) in Grade 12 HUMSS 2 learners. As
the researchers decided to use simple random sampling to make use of 44 learners as
the participants of the study.The participants are aware of their rights when
conducting the study, also they have the rights to refuse when they are not
comfortable to answer the following questions that they needed to answer. Only the
selected students from Grade 12 HUMSS Socrates class of Pototan National
Comprehensive High School are the participants of this study.
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENTS
The instrument for this study is an adopted survey checklist by Bayao and
MAkalisang thesis questionnaire. Reponses are based on participants answers by
choosing, Always (A), 0ften (O), Sometimes (S), Rarely (R), Never (N) with all items
pertaining to homework and parental involvement.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher will seek permission from the school principal.
Consequently, the researchers will administer the instrument through face to face
means among the Grade 12 HUMSS Socrates learners of Pototan National
Comprehensive High School with signed consent. The needed data will be gathered
from the students by respective attendance of each with the help of the section
adviser. Enough time was given to the participants to answer the questionnaire. The
retrieval of the instrument from the participants was done right after they had finished
answering. The data gathered were then be encoded, tabulated and subjected to
appropriate statistical tools and analysis.
To gather data needed in this study, the validated researchers made
questionnaire was used. The questionnaire was divided into two parts namely: Part I,
the personal data pertaining to the participants, such as name, sex, age, while Part 2,
was checklist composed of 20 statements which will determine the learner’s
availability of parental involvement.
Data Analysis
The data that will be obtained from this study were subjected to the
following correlational and inferential statistical treatments:
Mean. This will be used to determine the level of exposure of the parental
involvement and will answer the descriptive question.
t-test. This will be used to determine if there are significant differences in
the learner’s availability devices when classified according to sex and age.
Considering that the data made use of means of exposure to parental involvement, ttest was used to determine the significant relationship which was processed by the
SPSS.
All statistical computations were computer-processed through the Statistical
Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) set at 0.05 alpha level of significance.