NETWORK ENGINEERING
5G NB Architecture and HW
components (5G18A)
5GC000623, 5GC000275, 5GC000276, 5GC000569 (internal), 5GC000353, 5GC000608, 5GC000579,
5GC000664, 5GC000562, 5GC000515, 5GC000514, 5GC000619, 5GC0001359 (internal)
Network Engineering Information
• Doc ID: 5a9d4939f4e953001ce1727e
• 2.3
• Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
• Approved
• 07-12-2018
Please, always check the latest version of NEI slides.
1
© Nokia 2018
Note: 5G19 relevant content is
covered in separate NEI materials
available under the link:
•
•
•
gNB Capacity and RAU deployment
5G19 Site Solutions / RAP configuration
5G19 Radio Units
Feature scope matrix
List of features and subfeatures considered for this presentation (5G18A PT3/PT4)
Feature ID
Considered subfeatures
5GC000623
AirScale Subrack AMIA
5GC000496
AirScale Subrack AMIA
5GC000275
AirScale Common ASIK
5GC000275
AirScale Common ASIK
5GC000276
AirScale Capacity ABIL
5GC000276
AirScale Capacity ABIL
5GC000569
Performance & Capacity Targets
5G18A (internal feature)
5GC000569
Performance & Capacity Targets 5G18A (internal feature)
5GC000353
QSFP+ for Fronthaul LL interface
5GC000353-A
QSFP+ for Fronthaul LL interface
5GC000608
Supported 5G RAP configurations - III
5GC000608
Supported 5G RAP configurations - III
5GC000579
Long fiber support for CPRI fronthaul
5GC000579
Long fiber support for CPRI fronthaul
3
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
CFAM version
V2.1 released on
2018-10-22
V4.0 released on
2018-11-02
Comment
Feature scope matrix
List of features and subfeatures considered for this presentation (5G18A PT3/PT4)
Feature ID
Considered subfeatures
5GC000619
CPRI fronthaul interface
5GC000619
CPRI fronthaul interface
5GC000664
AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE
B43 200W
5GC000664
AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200W
5GC000562
AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE
B42 200W
5GC000562
AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE B42 200W
5GC000515
AEUA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28
GHz (n257) 8 W
5GC000515
AEUA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz (n257) 8 W
5GC000514
AEWA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39
GHz
5GC000514
AEWA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz
5GC001359
5G18A Classical BTS Performance and
Capacity (internal feature)
5GC001359
5G18A Classical BTS Performance and Capacity (internal feature)
4
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
CFAM version
V2.2 released on
2018-08-14
V1.1 released on
2018-10-23
Comment
Revision history and metadata
Document ID: 5a9d4939f4e953001ce1727e
Document location: NEI materials
Organization:
5
Version
Description of Changes
Date
Doc Owner
Doc Status
0.1
First version
23-02-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Draft
0.2
First set of NetEng internal comments
considered
27-02-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Draft
0.3
External comments considered
02-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Draft
0.4
Editorial changes introduced
05-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Draft
1.0
Approved version
06-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.1
Editorial changes introduced
06-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.2
Adjusted wording on sl. 35 and sl. 37 as
follows (bolded part): “Up to 1 UE 4x4 *)
MIMO (DL) is scheduled per slot per cell
(2_beams/2_polarizations_per_beam per
every UE”
07-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.3
Adjusted wording on sl. 17 (ABIL interfaces
usage)
12-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.4
Sl. 7, sl. 8: added ASIK and ABIL
prodCode's
19-03-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.5
Editorial corrections In Radio Units <6GHz
subchapter: AEQA 192AE
03-04-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Reviewed
by
Approver
Approval Date
Jacek Kotwinski
06.03.2018
Revision history and metadata
Document ID: 5a9d4939f4e953001ce1727e
Document location: NEI materials
Organization:
6
Version
Description of Changes
Date
Doc Owner
Doc Status
1.6
Deployment Aspects chapter added
04-04-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.7
Info on RU parameters updated
5GC000619 added,
L2RT moved from ASIK to ABIL; disclaimer
added for RRC capacity targets for cell and
gND-DU,
List of supported confs updated
10-05-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Draft
1.8
5GC000790 UL MU-MIMO removed from
5G18A. Peak t-put figures for RAP updated.
External comments considered
22-05-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
Approved
1.9
n257, n260 added to feature names,
5GC000353 info enhanced
28-05-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
2.0
Impact on eNB Baseband capacity from
gNB in dual connectivity split bearer
7-09-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Norbert
Lukasiewicz, Grzegorz Lehmann
2.1
Classical BTS and Classical BTS capacity
added (5GC001359)
17-10-2018
Bartosz Wrobel
2.2
AEWA/AEWF added
07-11-2018
Grzegorz Lehmann
2.3
Update of capacity figures & supported
configurations
07-12-2018
Bartosz Wrobel, Grzegorz
Lehmann
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Reviewed
by
Approver
Approval Date
Jacek Kotwinski
22-05-2018
Open Issues
Item
7
© Nokia 2018
Description
Nokia Internal Use
Comments
5G NB Architecture and HW components
Table of contents
Introduction
Technical
Details
Motivation and Feature
Overview
Detailed Functionality
Description
1
8
© Nokia 2018
Deployment
Aspects
1
Nokia Internal Use
5G NB Architecture and HW components
Introduction
Table of contents
<chapter:introduction>
9
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
Next generation NodeB (gNB)
3GPP defines gNB functionality:
•
gNB 
•
•
A logical NG-RAN node providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations
towards the UE (source 3GPP TS 38.300), gNB is divided into following logical entities:
gNB-CU
gNB-CU (CU – Central Unit) 
•
•
A logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols, and which controls the operation of
one or more gNB-DUs
•
The gNB-CU also terminates F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU (source 3GPP TS
38.401)
•
A logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY layers, and its operation, that is partly controlled
by gNB-CU
•
One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU
•
The gNB-DU terminates F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU (source 3GPP TS 38.401)
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
1
F1
1 .. n
gNB-DU
gNB-DU (DU – Distributed Unit) 
•
10
gNB
F1 3GPP based interface for gNB-DU<->gNB-CU connection
NG-RAN  Next Generation Radio Access Network
NR  New Radio
Introduction
5G BTS product variants
Cloud BTS
Classical BTS
Non-Real
Time
Baseband
Non-Real
Time
Baseband
Non-Real
Time
Baseband
Real Time
Baseband
Real Time
Baseband
Real Time
Baseband
RF
Adaptive
antenna
RF
Adaptive
antenna
RF
Adaptive
antenna
Scalability for high
performance HetNets
Cost efficient standalone
solution for 5G
NSA – Non StandAlone mode, SA – StandAlone mode
11
© Nokia 2018
Cloud optimized BTS
with Ethernet Radio
Radios connected directly to
radio cloud. Capacity layer
under LTE and indoor solution
Full Cloud BTS
Real Time
enabled
Edge
Cloud
RF
Adaptive
antenna
Small Cell BTS for 5G
Note:
• (*) RAU contains the gNB-DU except the RF functions
• (**) in 5G18A gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) maps 1:1 to RAC
Introduction
Deployment Entities
Logical
entities
•
Radio Access Cloud (RAC)** – deployment entity hosting
cloudified functions of one or more gNBs (baseband
processing (L2-nRT functions) OAM, C-Plane
RAC
•
Radio Access Unit (RAU)* – deployment entity hosting
non-cloudified baseband functions of a gNB (baseband
processing (L1, L2-RT functions))
RAU
•
Radio Unit (RU) – deployment entity hosting the Radio
Frequency (RF) functionality of a gNB
•
RU and RAU together are also commonly referred as RAP
(Radio Access Point)
Physical
entities
gNB
gNB-CU
gNB-DU
RU
RAP
12
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
HW building blocks
Physical
Entities
Logical
Entities
gNB
Product Name
RAC
NCIR
gNB-CU
RAU
gNB-DU
AirScale System Module
RU
RAP
AirScale MAA*
(*) AirScale MAA  AirScale Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna
13
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
Deployment Entities for Classical BTS
•
•
Logical
Entities
gNB
Classical BTS has no deployment on
Radio Access Cloud (no VMs)
Classical BTS has only 1 RAP
Physical
Entities
Product Name
gNB-CU
RAU
gNB-DU
AirScale System Module
RU
RAP
AirScale MAA*
(*) AirScale MAA  AirScale Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna
14
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
NEI content
•
•
This NEI document:
•
Describes 5G BTS architecture and its HW building blocks that are applied for 5G18A
•
Covers 5G18A features related to 5G BTS and its HW components
However, separate NEI materials describe:
•
Transport interfaces between 5G BTS physical entities and related 5G18A features
•
Details on gNB-CU deployment and related 5G18A features
•
5G NB synchronization aspects and related 5G18A features
BTS  Base Transceiver Station
15
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
Considered features in brief (1/4)
• 5G18A: 5GC000623 AirScale Subrack AMIA
-
AirScale Subrack AMIA is indoor casing for AirScale System Module
• 5G18A: 5GC000275 AirScale Common ASIK
-
Common processing and interface plug-in unit for AirScale System
Module Indoor. Provides Transport interfaces and centralized processing
• 5G18A: 5GC000276 AirScale Capacity ABIL
-
AirScale Capacity ABIL is an indoor baseband plug-in unit for AirScale System
Module Indoor. Processing capacity of the AirScale System Module Indoor can
be flexibly expanded by adding Capacity Extension and Common plug-in units
5GC000623
5GC000275
5GC000276
• 5G18A: 5GC000569 Performance & Capacity Targets 5G18A
(internal feature)
-
Basic high level E2E performance requirements for gNB in 5G18A
5GC000569
16
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
Considered features in brief (2/4)
• 5G18A: 5GC000353 QSFP+ for Fronthaul LL interface
-
This feature introduce QSFP+ for low latency Fronthaul LL interface to support
4x10 Gbps with different fiber lengths.
• 5G18A: 5GC000608 Supported 5G RAP configurations - III
-
This feature list the RAP configuration supported by the release 5G18A
• 5G18A: 5GC000579 Long fiber support for CPRI fronthaul
-
This feature provides support for up to 30km distance of the optical
fibre connection on the CPRI based low latency fronthaul between the
NGRAU (5G Radio Access Unit) and the NGRU (5G Radio Unit).
• 5G18A: 5GC000619 CPRI fronthaul interface
-
17
The purpose of the feature is to support the standard CPRI mode on the
ABIL for fronthaul connection between the ABIL and the RU
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
5GC000353
5GC000608
5GC000579
5GC000619
Introduction
Considered features in brief (3/4)
• 5G18A: 5GC000664 AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200W
-
AEQD is Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna (MAA) 5G Radio Unit supporting 3GPP 5G
standard (LTE band 43)
• 5G18A: 5GC000562 AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE B42 200W
-
AEQA is Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna (MAA) 5G Radio Unit supporting 3GPP 5G
standard (LTE band 42)
• 5G18A: 5GC000515 AEUA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz (n257)
8W
-
AEUA 28 GHz is high capacity 5G Radio unit with integrated beam forming antenna
supporting 3GPP standard (3GPP band n257)
• 5G18A: 5GC000514 AEWA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz
(n260) 8 W
18
AEWA 39 GHz is high capacity 5G Radio unit with integrated beam forming antenna
supporting 3GPP standard (3GPP band n260)
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
5GC000664
5GC000562
5GC000515
5GC000514
Introduction
Considered features in brief (4/4)
RAP
• 5G18A: 5GC001359:5G18A Classical BTS
Performance and Capacity (internal
feature)
-
Performance and Capacity Targets for 5G18A
Classical BTS
gNB
RU
AirScale MAA
RAU
AirScale System
Module
gNB-DU
PHY
MAC
RLC
gNB-CU
In Classical BTS:
• gNB-DU and gNB-CU functions
collapse into RAP
• Product entities: Radio Module
and AirScale System Module
• RAC does not exists
19
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
RF
Beamfor
ming
PDCP
RRC
5GC001359
Deployment
entities
Product
entities
Logical entities and protocols
5G NB Architecture and HW components
Technical Details
Table of contents
<chapter:technical_details>
20
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Technical Details
Sales information
5GC000623, 5GC000275, 5GC000276, 5GC000569 (internal), 5GC000353,
5GC000608, 5GC000579, 5GC000664, 5GC000562, 5GC000515, 5GC000514,
5GC000619, 5GC001359
BSW/ASW
N/A
Release information
System release
AirScale
AirFrame *
5G18A
5G18A
NDCS RM17/NCIR17A
Release information – general
HW & IOT
HW requirements
AirScale
AirFrame *
MME
SAE GW
UE
Specified by 3GPP
N/A
N/A
N/A
No
* required in Cloud BTS deployment. Not required in Classical BTS deployment
21
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Agenda
BTS architecture in 5G18A
5G Radio Access Cloud
5G Radio Access Unit
5G Radio Units
Supported RAP configurations
Deployment aspects
22
© Nokia 2018
MN P CS Internal Use
Agenda
BTS architecture in 5G18A
5G Radio Access Cloud
5G Radio Access Unit
5G Radio Units
Supported RAP configurations
Deployment aspects
23
© Nokia 2018
MN P CS Internal Use
5G18A gNB deployment entities (1/2)
Cloud gNB solution
Radio Unit
(RF part of gNB-DU)
CPRI*
…
Radio Access Unit
Radio Unit
(RF part of gNB-DU)
(gNB-DU excluding RF part)
Real Time Baseband
Radio Access Unit
(RF part of gNB-DU)
(gNB-DU excluding RF part)
CPRI*
Real Time Baseband
…
CPRI*
(*) Ethernet CPRI planned for 5G19 release for connecting ethernet radios to AirScale
24
© Nokia 2018
(gNB-Central Unit CU)
Backhaul
Non-real time baseband
…
Radio Unit
(RF part of gNB-DU)
Radio Access Cloud
CPRI*
Up to 128
Radio Unit
F1
10GE
Nokia Internal Use
F1
10GE
• gNB is deployed as Cloud gNB
• 5G18A gNB operates in non-Stand Alone (NSA) mode
based on 3GPP NR non-standalone option 3X (see
more in NEI 5G18A Essentials)
• Hence eNB (LTE) is mandatory for 5G18A gNB
• eNB takes care of Control Plane handling
• Note: Transport interfaces deployed between
physical entities are described in dedicated NEI
materials
5G18A gNB deployment entities (2/2)
Classical gNB solution
Radio Unit
(RF part of gNB-DU)
CPRI*
…
Radio Unit
(RF part of gNB-DU)
Radio Access Unit
(gNB-DU excluding RF part
+ gNB-CU)
CPRI*
Backhaul
(Real Time + Non Real
Time) Baseband
F1 IF is internal/not visible to operator
In Classical gNB:
• gNB-DU and gNB-CU functions
collapse into RAP
• Product entities: Radio Module
and AirScale System Module
• RAC does not exists
(*) Ethernet CPRI planned for 5G19 release for connecting ethernet radios to AirScale
25
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
• gNB is deployed as Classical gNB
• 5G18A gNB operates in non-Stand Alone (NSA) mode
based on 3GPP NR non-standalone option 3X (see
more in NEI 5G18A Essentials)
• Hence eNB (LTE) is mandatory for 5G18A gNB
• eNB takes care of Control Plane handling
• Note: Transport interface (Backhaul) is described in
dedicated NEI materials
(*) Ethernet CPRI planned for 5G19 release for connecting
ethernet radios to AirScale
NCIR - Nokia Cloud Infrastructure for Real Time applications
MAA – Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna
5G Cloud gNB in 5G18A
Sector horizontal
coverage
AirScale System Module (RAU)
(gNB-DU excl. RF part)
NCIR (RAC)
(gNB-CU)
10GE
CPRI*
One beam
Function
RAP
•
•
Adaptive antenna
RF processing
Scales primarily
with
Product Name
AirSCale MAA (RU)
(RF part of gNB-DU)
•
•
•
•
Number of cells
Cell TX/RX antennas
SU/MU-MIMO
gNB-DU Peak L1 Throughput
ToR
switch
AirScale System Module
ASIK+ABIL
Real Time Baseband
• L1
• L2 RLC
• L3 Control Plane Real Time (see Notes)
• Transport
• O&M Agent
AirFrame HW
Average cell throughput
Number of cells
Number of Active Users
Number of Control Plane events per second
F1
High Latency Fronthaul
F1- 3GPP based interface for gNB-DU<->gNB-CU connection
26
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
RAC
Non-Real Time Baseband
• L2 PDCP
• L3 Control Plane
• Transport
• Central O&M
•
•
•
•
Low Latency Fronthaul
NCIR
Cloud BTS=Cloud gNB
Backhaul
(*) Ethernet CPRI planned for 5G19 release for connecting
ethernet radios to AirScale
NCIR - Nokia Cloud Infrastructure for Real Time applications
MAA – Massive MIMO Adaptive Antenna
5G Classical gNB in 5G18A
Sector horizontal
coverage
Function
Product Name
AirSCale MAA (RU)
(RF part of gNB-DU)
S1
CPRI*
One beam
Classical BTS=Classical gNB
RAP
Adaptive antenna
RF processing
•
•
Scales primarily
with
AirScale System Module (RAU)
(gNB-DU + gNB-CU
excl. RF part)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AirScale System Module
ASIK+ABIL
© Nokia 2018
In Classical gNB:
• gNB-DU and gNB-CU functions
collapse into RAP
• Product entities: Radio Module
and AirScale System Module
• RAC does not exist
Number of cells
Cell TX/RX antennas
SU/MU-MIMO
Peak L1 cell throughput
Number of Active Users
Number of Control Plane events per second
Low Latency Fronthaul
27
F1 IF is internal/not visible to operator
L1
L2
L3 Control Plane Real Time (see Notes)
L3 Control Plane
Transport
O&M
Nokia Internal Use
Backhaul
Cloud gNB vs. Classical gNB
Cloud gNB
RAP
RAP
RAP
Classical gNB
RAP
gNB-DU
ABIL
L2-RT
L1
ABIL
RU
To RU
L2-RT
ASIK
L2-NRT
of DU
gNB-DU
CP-RT
L3
L1
RU
To RU
ASIK
UP UE VM
L2-NRT of CU
CP NB
L3
L2-NRT of
DU
CP UE
L3
CP IF
L3
CP-RT
L3
CP CL
L3
OAM
(NMS)
TRS
gNB-CU
28
UP UE VM
L2-NRT of CU
CP NB VM
L3
CP UE VM
L3
CP IF VM
L3
CP CL VM
L3
OAM VM
© Nokia 2018
gNB-CU SW components are moved to
ASIK
TRS
Nokia Internal Use
Agenda
BTS architecture in 5G18A
5G Radio Access Cloud
5G Radio Access Unit
5G Radio Units
Supported RAP configurations
Deployment aspects
29
© Nokia 2018
MN P CS Internal Use
Radio Access Cloud (gNB-CU)
gNB-DU
• In 5G18A RAC (physical entity) maps 1:1 to 3GPP
defined logical entity gNB-CU
RU
RAU
• VNF is implemented in cloud environment in Data Center
Solution with Nokia Cloud Infrastructure for Real-Time
application (NCIR)
…
• gNB-CU is a Virtual Network Function (VNF) of gNB
RU
RAC
(gNBCU)
RAU
• One gNB-CU is processing traffic from multiple gNB-DU
• gNB-CU is processing Non-Real Time (NRT) part of traffic
and Control Plane L3 in AirFrame Compute Nodes
• Number of AirFrame Compute Nodes needed per gNBCU depends on gNB traffic requirement and on NCIR
capacity
Valid for Cloud gNB only
30
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
AirFrame
Compute
Nodes:
L2 NRT, L3
NCIR
S1
Radio Access Cloud (gNB-CU) capacity highlights in 5G18A (tentative)
•
gNB-CU VNF capacity 1)
gNB-CU connectivity 1)
RU
16558
# gNB-DU
128
# DRBs 3)
16558
# cells
1024
# C-Plane events/sec 4)
1908
# X2 interfaces
128
# C-Plane data call BHCA 4)
3092616
Throughput DL + UL 5)
160 Gbps
# S1 interfaces 6)
1
# OAM/NetAct interfaces
1
# F1 interfaces
1 …128 gNB-DUs
RU
X2
RAU
…
# Active UEs 2)
Tentative figures.
To be updated after specifications finalization (CP2 review)
1)
gNB-DU
gNB-CU VNF capacity and connectivity limits are as follows:
gNBDU
128
F1 – 3GPP specified High Latency Fronthaul
RAC
(gNBCU)
S1
AirFrame
AirFrame
Compute
Node: L2
NRT, L3
Design targets for 5G18A
Internal Notes:
Assuming 168 Active UEs per gNB-DU, 128 gNB-DUs and accounting for Trunking gain 23% (77% Average Cell Load)
One DRB per Active UE is supported in 5G18A
4) Assuming 1000 subscribers/112 RRC Connected UEs (5G Smartphone Traffic Model) per gNB-DU, 128 gNB-DUs, 19.36 CP e/sec or 31378 data call BHCA (bearer additions) per
gNB-DU and Trunking Gain
5) Maximal throughput DL + UL depends on RU/gNB-DU configuration. 160Gbps is the expectation for satisfying 128 gNB-DUs with average throughput of 2Gbps/DU, big packet
sizes of 1350 B DL and 1350 B UL (5G eMBB Traffic Model) and accounting for Trunking gain. Requires 36 UP UE VMs (110% Engineering Margin)
6) Up to 1024 S1-U paths. S1-U path is identified by local IP address, local UDP port, peer IP address and peer UDP port. Note: In NSA mode cloud-gNB supports the same S1-U
connectivity as LTE eNB to be able to serve S1-U selected by LTE eNB / MME.
2)
3)
31
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Agenda
BTS architecture in 5G18A
5G Radio Access Cloud
5G Radio Access Unit
5G Radio Units
Supported RAP configurations
Deployment aspects
32
© Nokia 2018
MN P CS Internal Use
Radio Access Unit: AirScale System Module
Applicable to Cloud gNB DU and to Classical gNB DU
•
In 5G18A RAU is deployed using AirScale System Module
•
AMIA
ABIL
•
•
•
•
ASIK
•
•
•
•
5GC000623 AirScale Subrack AMIA. prodCode: 473098A
5GC000275 AirScale Common ASIK. prodCode: 474021A
5GC000276 AirScale Capacity ABIL. prodCode: 474020A
•
See AirScale SM HW items compatibility matrix in Deployment
Aspects chapter
33
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
AirScale SM Indoor consist of
• 1x AirScale Subrack AMIA (the same AMIA as in 2G/3G/4G)
• Casing
• 8 slots for plug-in units (5G18A: max 6 slots are used)
• Backplane for high bandwidth inter-connect between AirScale Common
and AirScale Capacity plug-in units
• Fans with changeable airflow direction
• AirScale Common ASIK (1…2 per AMIA)
• AirScale Capacity ABIL (in 5G18A: 1…2 per ASIK)
Multiple installation options:
• 19 inch rack, pole and wall, inside Outdoor Enclosure
Dimensions:
• 19” 3U: H 128 x W 447 x D 400 [mm]
Weight:
• 10.1 kg minimum 23.5 kg maximum
Ingress protection
• IP20
Operational temperature range
•
-5 °C to 55 °C
RAU in 5G18A:
• Minimal configuration: 1x ASIK + 1 ABIL
• Maximal configuration: 1x ASIK + 2 ABIL
5G000276 AirScale Capacity ABIL
ABIL - Capacity Indoor plug in unit
•
ABIL capacity vs. frequency band and MIMO mode:
>6GHz 2x2 Single User (SU) -MIMO
S-RF1
5G18A
5G18A
Future
Future
Q-RF1
S-RF2
Q-RF2
ABIL functions:
RF interfaces to RU. Up to 2x 3rd generation radios
•
L1 + L2 RT functions in Cloud gNB DU
•
L1 + L2 RT + L2 NRT + L3 functions in Classical gNB
© Nokia 2018
5G18A
Future
#cells 2x2 MIMO
1
1-2*)
*)5GC000605
Usage
Low Latency Fronthaul connection to Radio Unit.
QSFP+/QSF
Q-RF 2
Remark: Only QSFP+ (4x CPRI 9.8 Gbps per each port)
P28
available in 5G18A
Low Latency Fronthaul connection to Radio Unit.
S-RF 2 SFP+/SFP28 Remark: eCPRI 10/25 GE per each port available in
5G19
LEDs 5 Visual indication of status
34
#ABIL per gNB-DU
1
2
1
2
Peak L1 t-put
700 Mbps
1.3 Gbps
2.5 Gbps
5 Gbps
#ABIL per gNB-DU
1
1
Peak L1 t-put
700 Mbps
2.5 Gbps*)
<6GHz 2x2 or 4xN*) DL SU-MIMO
•
Port # Physical I/F
#cells 2x2 MIMO
1
2
1-4
5-8
Nokia Internal Use
DL SU adaptive 4x4 MIMO
<6GHz Multi User (MU)-MIMO 16DL 2UL. Up to 4 simultaneous UEs 4xN DL MIMO or
8 simultaneous UEs 2x2 DL MIMO
Future
#cells 4xN DL MIMO
2x2 UL MIMO
1
#ABIL per gNB-DU
Peak L1 t-put
2
5.1 Gbps *
* 4 or 8 parallel UEs in DL
Note: following features are moved to 5G19:
• MU-MIMO
• 4 x 2 MIMO
• 4 x N MIMO
ABIL ProdCode: 474020A
5G000275 AirScale Common ASIK
ASIK - Common Indoor plug in unit
RESET
DC
EAC
ASIK functions:
LMP SEI
SIN
SOUT
Port
#
Physical I/F
EIF
2
SFP28
SEI
1
QSFP+
DC-IN
EAC
SIN
SOUT
LMP
1
1
1
1
1
DC terminal
HDMI
HDMI
HDMI
RJ-45
LEDs
7
RESET 1
35
© Nokia 2018
•
•
•
•
•
•
EIF-1
EIF-2
Usage
Supports 1GE, 10GE and 25GE per port. Support for SyncE and
IEEE15888
5G18A: 10GE per port. High Latency Fronthaul interface to gNB-CU
(F1) or backhaul Interface in Classical gNB
5G19: 25GE per port
System Extension Interface 4x10 GE (for System Module chaining,
planned in future)
48V DC Input
External alarm & control, 6 alarms, 6 alarms/ctrls (available in 5G19)
Synchronization input, GNSS interface
Synchronization output
Local management port, 1G Ethernet
Transport interfacing (Ethernet)
Local O&M
Synchronization
Power feed
L2 NRT, L3 RT 1) (Cloud gNB DU)
L2 NRT, L3 (Classical gNB)
NRT: Non Real Time
RT: Real Time
1) See
Notes
Visual indication of status
Plug-in unit RESET
Nokia Internal Use
ASIK ProdCode: 474021A
gNB-DU (RAP) profiles
• 5G18A release supports two gNB/gNB-DU configuration families
• All gNB-DU configurations are valid for both Cloud gNB and Classical gNB
1) Above 6 GHz 2x2 MIMO (analog beamforming)
2) Below 6 GHz Single User MIMO (digital beamforming)
• On following slides gNB-DU capacity is discussed separately for above configurations
Note:
• Within 5G18A release there are gNB DU configuration families defined to support each of the deployment cases
mentioned above
(5g_pid11, 5g_pid12)
• gNB DU configuration families are distinguished with gNB-DU (RAP) profiles:
(details in Nokia_5G_18A_RAP(DU)_Supported_Configurations excel
“Below 6 GHz Multi User MIMO (digital beamforming)” 5g_pid13 configuration is moved to 5G19
36
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
gNB-DU (RAP) profiles
•
•
•
•
•
37
RAP profile ID is identified by RAN parameter APEQM/rapProfile
RAP profile ID defines :
• RU HW
• AirScale Capacity Unit HW (ABIL)
• Baseband resource allocation
• Routing configurations
• Local cell configuration
• Fronthaul type
One rapProfile requires at least one and up to two ABILs
(5G18A). Up to three ABILs in 5G19
In 5G18A max 1 RAP profile is supported per gNB-DU
In 5G19 RAP profiles can be mixed together in AMIA sub-racks
freely
• mmW rapProfile + cmW rapProfile in one subrack
• CPRI rapProfile + eCPRI rapProfile in one subrack
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
rapProfile 5g_pid11 mmW
rapProfile 5g_pid12 cmW
• The same RAP Profiles are valid for both Cloud gNB-DU and
Classical gNB
• From 5G19 RAP profiles are replaced by Configuration
Blocks
Above 6 GHz (analog beamforming)
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity figures (Classical and Cloud gNB) (1/3)
• gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity highlights:
CC1
CC2
• One sector
• Up to 2*) x 100MHz cells per sector
• Up to 2*) CC CA
UE
• Up to one UE 2x2 MIMO is scheduled per slot per
cell (1 beam/2 polarizations per UE)
• Up to 2*) UEs 2x2 MIMO is scheduled per slot, each
user in separate cell
• 1 CA UE with
2*)
CC can be scheduled per slot
gNB-DU (RAP)
RU
RAU
RAC *)
3rd
Gen.
Radio
AirScale
AirFrame *)
Required
only in
Cloud gNB
*)
*)
up to 8 in 5G19
Figure: gNB-DU (RAP) max configuration: 1 sector/2 cells/2
frequency layers
gNB DU profile: 5g_pid11
38
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Above 6 GHz (analog beamforming)
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity figures (Classical and Cloud gNB) (2/3)
•
L1-L3 processing split depends on the product
gNB-DU (RAP)
Cloud gNB
RU
RAU
3rd
Gen.
Radio
RF
•
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration supports a number of cells as follows:
Cell BW
MIMO
No. of
cells
No. of
Sectors
No. of
CC (CA)
Peak T-Put *)
(64 QAM)
gNB-DU
HW
Supp.
Config.
Profile
100 MHz
2x2
1
1
-
Up to
700 Mbps
1 ASIK +
1 ABIL
5g_pid11
100 MHz
2x2
2
1
2
Up to
1.3 Gbps
1 ASIK +
2 ABIL
5g_pid11
RAC*)
AirScale
AirFrame
ABIL:
L1, L2
RT
ASIK: L2
NRT of DU
AirFrame
Compute
Node: L2 NRT
of CU, L3
Classical gNB
gNB (RAP)
RU
RAU
3rd
Gen.
Radio
AirScale
RF
39
© Nokia 2018
This is peak t-put cumulative for DL+ UL (note that this is TDD). Note that 256 QAM is not supported in
this configuration, but planned for next releases (5G001038)
*)
ABIL:
L1, L2 RT
ASIK: L2 NRT of DU L2 NRT of
CU, L3
Nokia Internal Use
Above 6 GHz (analog beamforming)
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity figures (Classical and Cloud gNB) (3/3)
gNB-DU (RAP) Baseband capacity is as follows:
# RRC Connected UEs per DU *
59
# RRC Connected UEs per cell *
59
# SRB per DU
N/A
2)
# DRB per UE
1
# DRB per cell
59
# DRB per DU
59
# MIMO layers DL per DU
2
# MIMO layers UL per DU
2
# MIMO layers UL per UE
2
# MIMO layers UL per UE
2
Peak tput DL + UL3)
1.3Gbps
Cloud gNB
gNB-DU (RAP) >6GHz Baseband capacity 1)
gNB-DU (RAP)
Classical gNB
•
RU
RAU
RAC
CPRI
F1
S1
gNB (RAP)
RU
RAU
(gNB-DU+gNB-CU)
CPRI
S1
Design targets for 5G18A
SRB is hosted in eNB
3) Peak tput DL + UL depends on RU/gNB-DU configuration. 1.3Gbps with 2CC + 64QAM +
2x2 MIMO
1)
2)
* Air Interface limit (PUCCH symbol multiplexing capabilities). HW capacity is higher however
limited to presented figures. Expect capacity boost in future releases
40
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Below 6 GHz (digital beamforming) Single User MIMO
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity figures (Classical and Cloud gNB) (1/3)
Sector/cell
coverage
• gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity
highlights:
CC1
• 1*)x 100MHz cells per sector
• Up to 1 UE 2x2 MIMO (DL) is scheduled per slot
per cell (1_beam/2_polarizations_per_beam UE),
RU
RAU (gNB-DU)
3rd
Gen.
Radio
AirScale
RAC (gNB-CU)
AirFrame
up to 2 in 5G19
Remark: 4x4 MIMO (5GC000605 DL SU adaptive 4x4 MIMO) is moved to
5G19
gNB-DU (RAP) profile: 5g_pid12
Classical gNB
*)
UE
Cloud gNB
• 1*) sector
RU
3rd
Gen.
Radio
RAU
(gNB-DU + gNB-CU)
AirScale
Figure: gNB-DU (RAP) max configuration: 1 sector/1 cell/1
frequency layer
41
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Below 6 GHz (digital beamforming) Single User MIMO
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity figures (Classical and Cloud gNB) (2/3)
•
L1-L3 processing split depends on the product
gNB-DU (RAP)
Cloud gNB
RU
3rd
Gen.
Radio
RF
RAU
•
gNB-DU (RAP) supports a number of cells as follows:
Cell BW
MIMO
No. of
cells
No. of
Sectors
No. of
CC (CA)
Peak T-Put
(256 QAM) *)
RAP HW
Supp.
Config.
Profile
100
MHz
2x2
1
1
1
700 Mbps
1 ASIK +
1 ABIL
5g_pid12
RAC
AirScale
AirFrame
ABIL:
L1, L2
RT
ASIK: L2
NRT of DU
AirFrame
Compute
Node: L2 NRT
of CU, L3
Classical gNB
gNB (RAP)
RU
RAU
3rd
Gen.
Radio
AirScale
RF
42
© Nokia 2018
ABIL:
L1, L2 RT
ASIK: L2 NRT of DU L2 NRT of
CU, L3
Nokia Internal Use
*)
This is peak tput cumulative for DL+ UL with 256 QAM in DL
Below 6 GHz (digital beamforming) Single User MIMO
gNB-DU (RAP) configuration and capacity figures (Classical and Cloud gNB) (3/3)
gNB-DU (RAP) Baseband capacity is as follows:
# RRC Connected UEs per RAP *
84
# RRC Connected UEs per cell *
84
# SRB per RAP
N/A
2)
# DRB per UE
1
# DRB per cell
84
# DRB per RAP
84
# MIMO layers DL per RAP
2
# MIMO layers UL per RAP
2
# MIMO layers DL per UE
2
# MIMO layers UL per UE
Peak tput DL + UL 3)
2
700 Mbps
Cloud gNB
gNB-DU (RAP) <6GHz Baseband capacity 1)
gNB-DU (RAP)
Classical gNB
•
RU
RAU
RAC
CPRI
F1
S1
gNB (RAP)
RU
RAU
(gNB-DU+gNB-CU)
CPRI
S1
Design targets for 5G18A
SRB is hosted in eNB
3) Peak tput DL + UL depends on RAP configuration. 700 Mbps for 1CC + 256QAM DL + 1x1
SU-MIMO
1)
2)
* Air Interface limit (PUCCH symbol multiplexing capabilities). HW capacity is higher however
limited to presented figures. Expect capacity boost in future releases
43
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
gNB-DU capacity 5G18A (1/5)
gNB-DU(RAP) profiles
Configuration (Block) ID
No of
sectors
No of
Cells
Carrier BW
RU variant
Coverage
AirScale
Subrack
AirScale
Common unit
AirScale
Capacity
unit
RAP profile
A5G-1S-2CC-2DL-2UL-28/39G5GC000608-8 (NEW) 1)
1
2 2)
100 MHz
AEUA, AEWA
90°
½ AMIA
1xASIK/ASIKA
2xABIL 2)
5g_pid11_2CC
A5G-64TX64RX-1S-1CC-2DL-2ULLowG-5GC000608-3
1
1
100 MHz
AEQA/D
90°-120°
½ AMIA
1xASIK/ASIKA
1xABIL
5g_pid12
added due to FGCR-658 (ABIL cells capacity is introduced step wise). 608-8 and 608-9 are needed up to LR5.1. 608-1 608-2 available from LR5.2 onwards. “LR” is as “L1
release”.
2) 1 cell is supported with 1 ABIL
1)
Remark:
Other RAP profiles are moved to 5G19 and future releases due to FGCR-649, CNI-37811, 5GC000414-9. Check Nokia_5G_18A_RAP(DU)_Supported_Configurations excel for
details
>6GHz
<6GHz
44
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Continued on
next slides…
gNB-DU capacity 5G18A (2/5)
Expected gNB-DU(RAP) capacity
Peak L1
DL thr
per DU
(Gbps)
Peak L1
UL thr
per DU
(Gbps)
A5G-1S-2CC-2DL-2UL-28/39G5GC000608-8
1.131
0.282
0.50
59
59
10.20
16594
3:7
A5G-64TX64RX-1S-1CC-2DL-2ULLowG-5GC000608-3
0.499
0.180
0.25
56
56
9.68
15750
3:7
Configuration (Block) ID
Average
UL+DL thr
per DU
(Gbps)
RRC
RRC
connected connected
UEs
UEs
per cell
per DU
CP events
(all events)
/DU/sec
BHCA
UL:DL
(bearer
slot Ratio
additions)
TDD
/DU/BH
Notes:
•
“Peak L1 thr” is theoretical peak throughput. Can be achieved in perfect radio conditions, either with one UE or multiple UEs. Check L1 tput calculator look for
“Cont. L1 Tput”
•
“Average thr” is based on Spectral Efficiency (see 5G Dimensioning Guideline “Air Interface capacity” section for latest simulation results)
•
“RRC connected UEs per cell/DU”
•
This is theoretical max capacity supported on cell/DU level. Currently “RRC Connected UEs” capacity is limited by air interface (PUCCH multiplexing
capabilities)
•
“CP events/s /DU” and “BHCA” figures assume default C-Plane traffic profile (5G Smartphone TM) scaled by “RRC Connected UEs per DU” figures. Refer to slide
for details
•
RRC Connected UEs per DU/cell depends on UL:DL configuration and CA feature activation. Refer to next next slides
45
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
gNB-DU capacity 5G18A (3/5)
• mmWave gNB-DU max RRC capacity (current PUCCH multiplexing limit).
#RRC Conn. UEs per cell
#cells / DU
#RRC Conn. UEs per DU
1
2
1-2
59
30
59
59 UEs per DU
are load
distributed
between cells
Table 1: mmWave gNB-DU max RRC capacity assuming 32 Beams and Carrier Aggregation not in use
#RRC Conn. UEs per cell
#cells / DU
#RRC Conn. UEs per DU
1
2
1
2
59
39
59
39
Table 2: gNB-DU max RRC capacity assuming 32 Beams and Carrier Aggregation in use
Note: The same figures for all UL:DL slot ratios
AirScale HW can support more – expect higher figures
in next releases !
46
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
gNB-DU capacity 5G18A (4/5)
•
cmWave gNB-DU max RRC capacity (current PUCCH multiplexing limit)
TDD UL:DL
slot ratio
#RRC Conn. UEs per cell/per DU
1 cell /DU
1:9
32
2:8
44
3:7
56
5:5
84
Table 1: cmWave gNB-DU max RRC capacity assuming 8 Beams and Carrier Aggregation not in use
TDD UL:DL
slot ratio
#RRC Conn. UEs per cell/per DU
1 cell /DU
1:9
44
2:8
56
3:7
32
5:5
84
AirScale HW can support more – expect higher figures
in next releases !
Table 2: cmWave gNB-DU max RRC capacity assuming 8 Beams and Carrier Aggregation in use
47
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
gNB-DU capacity 5G18A (5/5)
•
gNB-DU capacity (target figures) with default traffic profile (5G Smartphone TM) assuming:
1) Max RRC Connected UEs per DU (air IF limit)
2) 5G Subscriber behavior according to 5G Smartphone TM (see next slide)
RRC conn.
UEs (Max)
/DU
#Subscribers
(5G Smartphone TM)
/DU
CP events
(5G Smartphone TM)
/DU/sec
BHCA (bearer
additions)
/DU
32
286
5.53
9000
44
393
7.61
12375
56
500
9.68
15750
59
527
10.20
16594
84
750
14.52
23625
• Formulas:
• #𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑈 =
#𝑅𝑅𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝐸𝑠 (𝐷𝑈)
3600 𝑠𝑒𝑐
×
𝑀𝐻𝑇
𝐵𝐻𝐶𝐴
Where:
#RRC Connected UEs: depends on RAP configuration (Air IF limit)
MHT: Mean Hold time, by default 12.8 sec (5G Smartphone TM)
BHCA: data call bearer additions i.e. 31.50 /Subscriber/Busy Hour (5G
Smartphone TM)
• 𝐶𝑃 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑈 = (𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 + 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 +
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑈 𝐻𝑂 + 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝐷𝑈 𝐻𝑂 ) x #Subscribers/3600 sec
Bearer additions: 31.5 /Subscriber/BH (5G Smartphone TM)
Bearer deletions: 31.5 /Subscriber/BH (5G Smartphone TM)
Inter DU Handovers: 5.04 /Subscriber/BH (5G Smartphone TM)
Intra DU Handovers: 1.67 /Subscriber/BH (5G Smartphone TM)
• BHCA per DU =#Subscribers x BHCA
BHCA: data call bearer additions i.e. 31.50 /Subscriber/Busy Hour
48
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
5G Smartphone Traffic Model
• 5G Traffic Model is based on LTE Smartphone subscriber behavior
Traffic Profile
5G Smartphone
Unit
Data call BHCA (bearer additions) 1)
31.5
Subscriber/BH
Data call BHCA (bearer deletions)
31.5
Subscriber/BH
DU-DU handover
5.04
Subscriber/BH
Intra DU handover
1.67
Subscriber/BH
Mean Hold Time 2)
12.80
seconds
Packet Size DL
1050
Bytes
Packet Size UL
230
Bytes
Control Plane
User Plane
1)
2)
49
Average BHCA assuming Smartphone application mix – however only data calls and no voice calls
Average call duration assuming Smartphone application mix and 10 sec dormancy timer
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
SRB and DRB capacity
• Only NSA Classical gNB is supported in 5G18A
• Supported SRB =0 as all SRBs are hosted in eNB
• 1x DRB per UE. Depends on release specific RAC features:
(5GC000480). Max one split bearer in 5G18A
• Only non-GBR is supported as GBR is not supported in 5G18A
• The number of allowed Data Radio Bearers for a UE is
determined by Radio Admission Control.
• The possible QCI values for allowed bearers are handled by
release specific features.
• The number of Data Radio Bearers for a UE is determined by
“Radio Admission Control for NSA 3x Mode operation
(5GC000480). Only one split bearer is allowed in 5G18A.
• The allowed QCI values for requested bearer are (L3 Non
Standalone call with data transmission , 5GC000509):
• QCI 5,6,7,8,9,69,70,79: non-GBR: Accepted based on 3x
bearer allowed flag setting (see 5G_RAN_CP_2788).
• QCI 1,2,3,4,65,66,75: GBR : Rejected
• For other QCI (128-254): Treated same as QCI 6-9
50
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Agenda
BTS architecture in 5G18A
5G Radio Access Cloud
5G Radio Access Unit
5G Radio Units
Supported RAP configurations
Deployment aspects
51
© Nokia 2018
MN P CS Internal Use
Introduction
5G18A Radio Units
ANALOG
Beamforming
DIGITAL
Beamforming
5GC000514
AEWA 39GHz Radio Unit
5GC000515
AEUA 28GHz Radio Unit
5GC000562
AEQA 3.5GHz Radio Unit
5GC001267
5GC001269
AEWF 39 GHz Radio Unit
AEUF 28 GHz Radio Units
5GC000664
AEQD 3.7GHz Radio Unit
• UL/DL 2x2 SU-MIMO
• UL/DL 2x2 SU-MIMO
• DL: 4x4 SU-MIMO / UL: 2x2 SU-MIMO
• 16UL/16DL MU-MIMO
3.5 GHz
400 MHz
3 GHz
3.7 GHz
28 GHz
6 GHz
10 GHz
 continuous coverage, high mobility and reliability, interference limitation
Carrier BW
Duplexing
Cell size
n*
cmWave
© Nokia 2018
90 GHz
30 GHz
mmWave
higher capacity and massive throughput, noise limitation 
n * 100 MHz
1-2GHz
*
TDD
Macro
Small
Ultra small
* - not supported in 5G18A
52
39 GHz
Nokia Internal Use
Introduction
5G18A Antenna System Solution
AEQA 3.5GHz
AEUA 28GHz
Individual
chip
Front View
Tx/Rx
8x12 phased array panel (AEQD 3.7GHz 8x8 array panel)
Front View
2 x (16x16) RFIC phased array antenna panel (1xH-pol and 1xV-pol)
V-pol 16x16 RFIC panel
8 or 12 rows
AEWA 39GHz
4 antenna
elements,
PAs, phase
and gain
controller
Back View
4 x (16x16) RFIC phased array antenna panel (2xH-pol & 2xV-pol)
Front View
Rx1 Tx1
8 columns
Rx2
Tx2
Back View
V-pol panel
H-pol panel
Radiator ±45°
cmWave ● antenna size  ● TRX separated
53
mmWave ● antenna size  ● TRX integrated in chip
Classic X-Pol Phased Array Antenna Panel
RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circut) H&V-Pol Antenna Panels
Digital Beamforming
Analog Beamforming
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
MU-MIMO, SU-MIMO
2x2 MIMO
AUEA/AEWA RFIC antenna panels
Radiation characteristic overview
Illustrative
Pictures
Example Beam Pattern (H-pol/V-pol)
Horizontal Steering Range
-60o
Pattern ID
0
1Cell = 100MHz
8x100MHz = 8 Cells
+60o
+11.25o
1
2
13
3
Vertical
Steering
Range
+60o
55
42
-11.25o
RFIC
Antenna
Panel
V-Pol
TX1
0o
Cell 1
Cell 3
Cell 4
Cell 5
Cell 6
Cell 7
-60o
Sector Width 120o
(8dB Power Beam Width)*
Cell 8
54
2 beams (H&V) are
transmitted at the same time
RFIC
H-Pol
TX2
Cell 2
RFIC
Antenna
Panel
H-Pol
TX2
RFIC
V-Pol
TX1
© Nokia 2018
* - Sector Width 90o for 3dB HPBW
2x2 MIMO
Analog Beamforming
5G Terminal
AEQA/AEQD phased array panel
Radiation characteristic overview
1Cell = 100MHz
2x
2x
2x
TR
TR
TR
Multiple beams (- 45o +45o)
are transmitted at the same
time
+60o
X
X
0o
X
8x
X
Filters
TR
2x
Q
S
F
P
Q
S
F
P
Antenna feed and division network
RF module 64TRX
DFE GA
FP
Q
S
F
P
Phased Array
X-Pol
64TRX
Cell 1
DFE GA
FP
DFE GA
FP
M
D
R
DFE GA
FP
U
PS
Q
S
F
P
Phased
Array
Antenna
Panel
X-Pol
64TRX
55
Illustrative
Pictures
© Nokia 2018
5G Terminal
-60o
Sector Width 120o
(8dB Power Beam Width)*
* - Sector Width 90o for 3dB HPBW
SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO
Digital Beamforming
Radio Units >6GHz
56
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
General Description
5GC000515 AEUA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz (n257) 8W
5GC000514 AEWA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz (n260) 8W
Radio Unit without optional fan unit
57
© Nokia 2018
Preliminary
Data
Operating bandwidth:
26.50÷29.5 GHz (AEUA)
38.60÷40.0 GHz (AEWA)
Number of TX/RX paths:
2Tx/2Rx (2x2 MIMO)
Carrier configuration:
800 MHz (1÷8 x 50 MHz / 100 MHz)
Max supported modulation schemes:
64 QAM
Antenna type:
16x16 Phased array (RFIC)
Optical ports:
2 x QSFP+ CPRI 9.8 Gbps rate
Supply Voltage / Connector type:
AC (100-250 V) / BTS Amphe OBTSAC
Power consumption (maximum):
<380 W, <550 W (with active cooling)
Operational temperature range:
-40∘C to 55∘C
Natural convection cooling or active cooling with AFMA AirScale Fan MAA unit
Nokia Internal Use
Analog Beamforming
General Description
5GC001269 AEUF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz (n257) 8W
5GC001267 AEWF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz (n260) 8W
Radio Unit without optional fan unit
58
© Nokia 2018
Preliminary
Data
Operating bandwidth:
26.50÷29.5 GHz (AEUF)
37.00÷40.0 GHz (AEWF)
Number of TX/RX paths:
2Tx/2Rx (2x2 MIMO)
Carrier configuration:
800 MHz (1÷8 x 50 MHz / 100 MHz)
Max supported modulation schemes:
64 QAM
Antenna type:
16x16 Phased array (RFIC)
Optical ports:
2 x QSFP+ CPRI 9.8 Gbps rate
Supply Voltage / Connector type:
DC -40.5 .. -57 V, 2-pin connector
Power consumption (maximum):
<380 W, <550 W (with active cooling)
Operational temperature range:
-40∘C to 55∘C
Natural convection cooling or active cooling with AFMA AirScale Fan MAA unit
Nokia Internal Use
Analog Beamforming
Preliminary
Data
RF Specification
5GC000515 AEUA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz (n257) 8W
5GC001269 AEUF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz (n257) 8W
Radio Unit without optional fan unit
59
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
without fan
with optional fan
Frequency band:
26.5÷29.5 GHz
26.5÷29.5 GHz
Instantaneous bandwidth:
800 MHz
800 MHz
Nominal total output Tx RF power:
28 dBm
31 dBm
Antenna type:
16x16 Phased array
16x16 Phased array
Nominal antenna gain in boresight:
26 dBi
29 dBi
Total/Peak EIRP:
54 dBm / 64 dBm
60 dBm / 70 dBm
Horizontal beam width:
6.5° (boresight)
6.5° (boresight)
Vertical beam width:
8.6° (boresight)
4.3° (boresight)
Horizontal steering angle:
±45° (3 dB)
±60° (6 dB)
±45° (3 dB)
±60° (6 dB)
Vertical steering angle:
±25° (3 dB)
±25° (3 dB)
Vertical/Horizontal plane
orientation:
H and V polarization
H and V polarization
Analog Beamforming
Preliminary
Data
RF Specification
5GC000514 AEWA AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz (n260) 8W
5GC001267 AEWF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz (n260) 8W
Radio Unit without optional fan unit
60
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
without fan
with optional fan
Frequency band:
38.6÷40.0 GHz
38.6÷40.0 GHz
Instantaneous bandwidth:
800 MHz
800 MHz
Nominal total output Tx RF power:
25 dBm
28 dBm
Antenna type:
16x16 Phased array
16x16 Phased array
Nominal antenna gain in boresight:
26 dBi
29 dBi
Total/Peak EIRP:
51 dBm / 61 dBm
57 dBm / 67 dBm
Horizontal beam width:
6.5° (boresight)
6.5° (boresight)
Vertical beam width:
8.6° (boresight)
4.3° (boresight)
Horizontal steering angle:
±45° (3 dB)
±60° (6 dB)
±45° (3 dB)
±60° (6 dB)
Vertical steering angle:
±30° (3 dB)
±30° (3 dB)
Vertical/Horizontal plane
orientation:
H and V polarization
H and V polarization
Analog Beamforming
Preliminary
Data
Technical Details
Installation and mechanical specification
AEUA/AEUF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz 8W
AEWA/AEWF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz 8W
Illustrative
Picture
475
107.2
Nokia Internal Use
Mounting
Pole, Wall
Mechanical
Tilt/Azimuth Range
±15° / ±30°
Powering
100÷250 V AC
Dimensions (HxWxD)
475mm x 304mm x 159mm
(without fan)
562mm x 304mm x 161mm
(with optional fan)
Weight
(without monuting brackets)
22kg (without fan)
24kg (with optional fan)
Illustrative
Picture
128
522
304
490
Radio Unit without optional fan unit
61
© Nokia 2018
Radio Unit with optional fan unit
Technical Details
External interfaces
AEUA/AEUF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz 8W
AEWA/AEWF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz 8W
Interface
4
3
3
Initials
Connector
Type
Purpose
1
Power supply
AC
AC power input
2
2xLED
3
2x
system interface
UNIT led
STAT led
4
LMI
Visual indicator,
three color LEDs
Data and
control interface
Local
Management
Interface
OPT 1-2
LMI
AC 3-pole
connector
QSFP+
Data in time
domain
HDMI
1G Ethernet
Gore Vent
2
Fan Connector
1
62
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Note
Technical Details
Simplified Architecture
AEUA/AEUF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 28 GHz 8W
AEWA/AEWF AirScale MAA 2T2R 512AE 39 GHz 8W
Antenna Submodule
Antenna Submodule
TX1/RX1
TRX Submodule
RF conversion & TDD
switching
TX1
Phased Array
RFIC
RF conversion
TX1
tx1
TRX monitor
loop
LO2
rx1
TX
DAC
DFE
QSFP
CPRI x 4
QSFP
CPRI x 4
RX1
8x100MHz
Total
1600MHz
LO2
RX
ADC
2Tx2Rx
LO2
LO2
LO1
Antenna
submodule
controller
FPGA
jtag
RX1
Controls
routing
to RFICs
LO1
Antenna
submodule
controller
FPGA
V polarization
1QSFP = CPRI x 4 Rate 7
(i.e. 4 x 9.8 Gb/s)
AEUA(F) 28GHz
ANT1 beam control
ANT1 SPI
Beam
control
+ SPI
V polarization
AEWA(F) 39GHz
TX2/RX2
TX2
DFE manages
up to 8x100MHz/50MHz
N*100MHz+M*50MHz
N+M≤8
RF conversion & TDD
switching
TX2
Phased Array
RFIC
RF conversion
tx2
TX
DAC
LO2
LO1
ADC
rx2
LO2
RX
LO2
RX2
LO1
TRX monitor
loop
LO2
jtag
Beam
control
+ SPI
ANT2 Beam control
ANT2 SPI
Antenna
submodule
controller
FPGA
RX1
Controls
routing
to RFICs
Antenna
submodule
controller
FPGA
H polarization
63
© Nokia 2018
Controls
routing
to RFICs
QSFP
DFE
ADC
DAC
- Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable
- Digital Front End
- Analog to Digital Converter
- Digital to Analog Converter
Nokia Internal Use
Controls
routing
to RFICs
• Fronthaul Interface is
composed of 2 QSFP.
• Each QSFP+ is
managing 4 CPRI line
rate 7.
• Each CPRI carries up
to 200 MHz for 1 TRX.
• Radio Unit is
composed of 1 DFE
• DFE manages up to
800MHz for 1 TRX.
• TRX submodule
supports 2 pipes 2Tx/2Rx
configuration.
• AEUA Radio Unit is
composed of 2 TX/RX
RFIC antennas.
• AEWA Radio Unit is
composed of 2 TX and
2 RX RFIC antennas.
• Each RFIC antenna
supports single
polarization
(Horizontal/Vertical).
H polarization
CPRI
FPGA
RFIC
- Common Public Radio Interface
- Field Programmable Gate Array
- Radio Frequency Integrated Circut
Radio Units <6GHz
64
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Preliminary
Data
General Description
5GC000562 AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE B42 200W
5GC000564 AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200W
Operating bandwidth:
3.4÷3.6 GHz (AEQA)
3.6÷3.8 GHz (AEQD)
Number of TX/RX paths:
64Tx/64Rx
Carrier configuration:
100 MHz
Max supported modulation schemes:
256 QAM
Antenna type:
8x12 phased array (AEQA)
8x8 phased array (AEQD)
Optical ports:
2 x QSFP+ CPRI 9.8 Gbps rate
Supply Voltage / Connector type:
DC -40.5V…-57 V / Screw terminal
Power consumption (maximum):
≤1400 W (75% duty cycle)
Operational temperature range:
-40∘C to 55∘C
Natural convection cooling
65
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Digital Beamforming
Preliminary
Data
RF Specification
5GC000562 AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE B42 200W
Frequency band:
3.4÷3.6 GHz
Instantaneous bandwidth:
100 MHz
Antenna type:
8x12 Phased array
Antenna gain:
25.5 dBi
Total average EIRP:
≥77.5 dBm
Horizontal beam width:
15° (boresight)
Vertical beam width:
6° (boresight)
Horizontal steering angle:
±45° (3 dB), ±60° (8 dB)
Vertical steering angle:
±6°
Polarization:
±45° X-polarized
Digital Beamforming
66
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Preliminary
Data
144mm
Technical Details
Installation and mechanical specification
Illustrative
Picture
480mm
1140mm
5GC000562 AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE B42 200
67
© Nokia 2018
Mounting
Pole, Wall
Mechanical
Tilt/Azimuth Range
±15° / ±30°
Powering
DC -40.5V … -57 V
Dimensions (HxWxD)
1140mm x 480mm x
136mm
Weight
47kg
(without mounting brackets)
Nokia Internal Use
Preliminary
Data
RF Specification
5GC000564 AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200W
Frequency band:
3.6÷3.8 GHz
Instantaneous bandwidth:
100 MHz
Antenna type:
8x8 Phased array
Antenna gain:
24 dBi
Total average EIRP:
≥76 dBm
Horizontal beam width:
15° (boresight)
Vertical beam width:
9° (boresight)
Horizontal steering angle:
±45° (3 dB), ±60° (8 dB)
Vertical steering angle:
±11.25°
Polarization:
±45° X-polarized
Digital Beamforming
68
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Preliminary
Data
Technical Details
Installation and mechanical specification
136mm
Illustrative
Picture
480mm
900mm
5GC000562 AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200
69
© Nokia 2018
Mounting
Pole, Wall
Mechanical
Tilt/Azimuth Range
±15° / ±30°
Powering
DC -40.5V … -57 V
Dimensions (HxWxD)
900mm x 480mm x 136mm
Weight
40kg
(without mounting brackets)
Nokia Internal Use
Technical Details
External interfaces
Illustrative
Picture
1
5
3
2
6
4
7
5GC000562 AEQA AirScale MAA 64T64R 192AE B42 200
5GC000564 AEQD AirScale MAA 64T64R 128AE B43 200
Interface
1
Power supply
DC
2
RF monitor port
MONITOR
2 x system
interface
OPT 1-2
5
LMT
LMT
6
LMI
LMI
7
2xLED
MOD led
TX led
3 4
70
© Nokia 2018
Initials
Purpose
DC power input
For regulatory
monitoring and
R&D use
Data and
control interface
Local
Management
Terminal
Local
Management
Interface
Visual indicator,
three color LEDs
Nokia Internal Use
Connector
Type
AC 3-pole
connector
QMA
QSFP+
HDMI
HDMI
-
Note
TRX Submodule
Simplified Architecture
Antenna Submodule (AEQD RU)
Filter
Array
Antenna Array
Legend: DFEx.y
x is DFE ID and y is antenna port ID of that DFE
64 filters
DFE1.4
SerDes
Jaska+
16T16R
16x100MHz
JESD204B
DFE1
4 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
RF ctrl
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE3
4 lanes
Jaska+
16T16R
16x100MHz
JESD204B
CPRI
BF cal
sync
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
SPI
GPIO
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
RF ctrl
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
JESD204B
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE2
4 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
Jaska+
16T16R
16x100MHz
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
RF ctrl
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE4
SerDes
Jaska+
16T16R
16x100MHz
SPI
GPIO
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
5 lanes
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
- Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable
- Digital Front End
- Analog to Digital Converter
- Digital to Analog Converter
DFE3.2
DFE1.6
DFE3.1
DFE1.5
Column 2
DFE3.8
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
DFE1.11
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
DFE3.6
DFE1.10
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
CPRI
FPGA
RFIC
DFE3.5
DFE1.9
Column 3
DFE3.12
DFE3.11
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE1.16
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE3.7
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE1.15
DFE3.10
DFE1.14
DFE3.9
DFE1.13
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
Column 4
DFE3.16
DFE3.15
DFE2.3
DFE3.14
DFE2.2
DFE3.13
DFE2.1
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
Column 5
DFE4.4
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE2.8
DFE4.3
DFE2.7
DFE4.2
DFE2.6
DFE4.1
DFE2.5
Column 6
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE4.8
DFE2.12
DFE4.7
DFE2.11
DFE4.6
DFE2.10
DFE4.5
DFE2.9
Column 7
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE4.12
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE2.16
DFE4.11
DFE4.10
DFE2.15
DFE2.14
DFE4.9
DFE2.13
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
Column 8
DFE4.16
Nokia Internal Use
DFE1.7
f
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
RF ctrl
DFE3.3
f
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
SPI
GPIO
4 lanes
DFE1.1
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE2.4
SerDes
QSFP
DFE
ADC
DAC
DFE3.4
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
f
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
JESD204B
CPRI x 4
SerDes
QSFP
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
CPRI x 4
SerDes
© Nokia 2018
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
DFE1.12
Mini
HUB
DFE1.2
f
DFE manages
up to 16x100MHz
71
AFE768x
4T4R1F
DAC
DAC
DAC
DAC
ADC
ADC
ADC
ADC
FB
DFE1.8
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
SPI
GPIO
QSFP
DFE1.3
Column 1
PA/LNA/
Switch
module
CPRI
• Fronthaul interface is composed of
2 QSFP+.
• Each QSFP+ is managing 4 CPRI line
rate 7.
• Radio Unit is composed of 4 DFEs.
• One DFE manages up to
16x100MHz for 16TRX and handles
half of antenna panel for one
polarization (+45° or -45°).
• Antenna submodule of Radio Unit
is composed of phased array
antenna.
• AEQD antenna submodule is
designed with 8 columns x
8 antena units (each unit contains
2 antenna elements ±45°).
• AEQA antenna submodule contains
4 additional rows (8x12 array).
1QSFP = CPRI x 4 Rate 7
(i.e. 4 x 9.8 Gb/s)
DFE4.15
DFE4.14
DFE4.13
- Common Public Radio Interface
- Field Programmable Gate Array
- Radio Frequency Integrated Circut
Takeaways
72
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Illustrative
Pictures
5G18A Radio Units  Summary
Key parameters and deployment scenarios
AEQD
AEQA
Example Link Budget Results:
• Dense Urban
• Radio Unit: AEQA/AEQD
• Band Width: 100MHz
• RU height: 25m AGL
• Outdoor (BPL=0dB)
• Cell range: < 1km
AEUA
AEWA
Example Link Budget Results:
• Suburban, FWA
• Radio Unit: AEUA/AEWA
• Band Width: 800MHz
• RU height: 10m AGL
• Outdoor (BPL=0dB)
• Cell range: < 200m
120o
120o
90o
90o
5GC000562 AEQA 3.5GHz
5GC000664 AEQD 3.7GHz
5GC000515 AEUA 28GHz
5GC000514 AEWA 39GHz
Bandwidth 100MHz
Bandwidth 100MHz
Bandwidth 800MHz (8*50MHz/100MHz)
Bandwidth 800MHz (8*50MHz/100MHz)
64TRX (Power Consumption 1400W)
64TRX (Power Consumption 1400W)
2TRX (Power Consumption 380W/550W)
2TRX (Power Consumption 380W/550W)
8x12 Phased Array (192 AE)
8x8 Phased Array (128 AE)
RFIC 16x16 Phased Array (512 AE)
RFIC 16x16 Phased Array (512 AE)
Total EIRP 77.5dBm
Total EIRP 76dBm
Total EIRP 54dBm/60dBm
Total EIRP 51dBm/57dBm
HBW 15° VBW 6°
HBW 15° VBW 9°
HBW 6.5° VBW 8.6° / 4.3°
HBW 6.5° VBW 8.6° / 4.3°
SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO (many users)
SU-MIMO, MU-MIMO (many users)
2x2 MIMO (single users)
2x2 MIMO (single users)
cmWave: Pathloss  Cell Range  NLOS
cmWave: Pathloss  Cell Range  NLOS
mmWave: Pathloss  Cell Range  LOS
mmWave: Pathloss  Cell Range  LOS
HDU, DU, SU
HDU, DU, SU
FWA, Special Events, Hot Spots
FWA, Special Events, Hot Spots
73
© Nokia 2018
Agenda
BTS architecture in 5G18A
5G Radio Access Cloud
5G Radio Access Unit
5G Radio Units
Supported RAP configurations
Deployment aspects
74
© Nokia 2018
MN P CS Internal Use
Beamforming
• Beamforming is a key solution for higher frequency range in order to provide sufficient
coverage
• Beamforming focuses radio energy toward a client through directional signal transmission or
reception
• The beamforming focus increases power, and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio and data
rates
• The transmission of data (& control information) to any individual UE is done with the
help of dedicated narrowband beams
In 5G18A deployment there are two types of beamforming used:
Digital beamforming:
Analog beamforming:
For details on 5G18A beamforming please refer to dedicated NEI materials
75
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
RAP configuration ID definition
Amount of supported TX and RX paths
A5G-128TX128RX-1S-2CC-2DL-2UL-LowG-5GC000608-x
or
A5G-1S-4CC-2DL-2UL-28/39G-5GC000608-x
Digital BF
Analog BF
Unique configuration
number
5G
configuration
built on
AirScale
Amount of
Component
carriers
Amount of
sectors
76
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Amount of
DL/UL Spatial
streams per cell
Configuration
feature Id
Frequency
band
RAP profiles vs. deployment case:
Above 6 GHz 2x2 MIMO (analog beamforming)  5g_pid11
Below 6 GHz Single User MIMO (digital beamforming)  5g_pid12
Supported RAP configurations
• Strictly defined RAP (Radio Access Point) configurations are introduced with dedicated feature 
5G18A: 5GC000608 Supported 5G RAP configurations - III
RAP configuration Id*
No of
sectors
No of
Cells
Carrier BW
RU variant
Coverage
AirScale
Subrack
AirScale
Common unit
AirScale
Capacity
unit
RAP profile
A5G-1S-2CC-2DL-2UL-28/39G5GC000608-8
1
2
50/100 MHz
AEUA, AEWA
90°
½ AMIA
1xASIK/ASIKA
2xABIL
5g_pid11_2CC
A5G-64TX64RX-1S-1CC-2DL-2ULLowG-5GC000608-3
1
1
100 MHz
AEQA/D
90°-120°
½ AMIA
1xASIK/ASIKA
1xABIL
5g_pid12
(*) Note: Original 5GC000608 content have been modified due to CNI-37811, FGCR-649, FGCR-658.
For more details on supported RAP configurations please refer to dedicated materials: 5GNB Supported Configurations
>6GHz
<6GHz
77
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Above 6 GHz 2x2 MIMO (analog beamforming)  5g_pid11_2CC
Configuration Id: A5G-1S-2CC-2DL-2UL-28/39G-5GC000608-8
ABIL1 L2RT:
2CC with DL/UL
2*2 MIMO
ABIL L1 capacity:
1CC with DL/UL
2*2MIMO
ASIK
ABIL1
2DL/2UL
ABIL2
2DL/2UL
OPT2
Q-RF1
OPT1
Q-RF1
AxC config:
CPRI0:CC0 2AxC
AEUA/AEWA
Radio Unit
78
© Nokia 2018
Legend:
AxC – Antenna Carrier, One antenna-carrier is the amount of
digital baseband (IQ) U-plane data necessary for either
reception or transmission of only one carrier at one independent
antenna element. (A single CPRI carries 2 AxC containers (2 data
streams))
(28/39GHz)
Nokia Internal Use
AirScale AMIA
AxC config:
CPRI0:CC1 2AxC
Below 6 GHz Single User MIMO (digital beamforming)  5g_pid12
Configuration Id: A5G-64TX64RX-1S-1CC-2DL-2UL-LowG-5GC000608-3
ABIL L2RT:
100MHz, DL/UL 2*2
MIMO
ABIL L1:
100MHz, DL/UL 2*2
MIMO
ASIK
ABIL
2DL/2UL
AxC config:
CPRI0:CC0 2AxC
AirScale AMIA
PSS/SSS/PBCH and DL CSI RS
OPT1 Q-RF1
AEQA/AEQD
(3,5/3,7GHz)
79
© Nokia 2018
Radio Unit
Nokia Internal Use
Legend:
AxC – Antenna Carrier, One antenna-carrier is the amount of
digital baseband (IQ) U-plane data necessary for either
reception or transmission of only one carrier at one
independent antenna element. (A single CPRI carries 2 AxC
containers (2 data streams))
CPRI fronthaul
QSFP+ cable (1/2)
• Fronthaul connection between the ABIL and the RU is realized with usage of standard CPRI interface
(5GC000619 CPRI fronthaul interface)
-
Up to CPRI Rate 7 is supported (up to 9.8Gbps)
-
Up to 200m fiber length is supported. For longer fibers separate feature 5GC000579 is needed
• 5GC000353 QSFP+ for Fronthaul LL interface introduces support for QSFP+ (Quad Small FormFactor Pluggable Plus) cables
• QSFP+ provides high speed serial links (4 x CPRI) in Fronthaul low-latency interface over optical fiber
• According to 5GC000353 following cable types are supported:
80
-
Multi mode fiber with MPO connector and multi mode fibers (maximum fiber length of 300 meters)
-
Single mode fiber with LC connector and single mode fibers (maximum fiber length of 2km and 10km)
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
CPRI fronthaul
Recommended Connectors for 5G CPRI Radios 5G18A (1/2)
• Features:
-
5GC000619 CPRI fronthaul interface, Fronthaul connection between the ABIL and the RU is realized with usage of
standard CPRI interface
-
5GC000353 Quad Small Form-Factor Pluggable Plus, QSFP+ for Fronthaul LL interface introduces support for
QSFP+ cables and its enhancements to support QSFP28.
DU (Airscale)
RU (CPRI)
QSFP28
QSFP28
Up to CPRI Rate 7 is
supported
CPRI 9.8
81
ABIL
ASIK
RU/ABIL
ABIL
cable
d < 100 m
AOMA (QSFP+ 100m)
AOMA
MM OD fiber MPO OD* – MPO ID
d < 100 m
FOCZ(QSFP+)
FOCZ
MM OD fiber MPO OD* – MPO ID
d < 2 km
AOSA (QSFP28)
AOSA
SM OD fiber LC OD* – LC ID
d < 10 km
AOSB (QSFP28)
AOSB
SM OD fiber LC OD* – LC ID
© Nokia 2018
Customer Confidential
Single mode fiber with LC connector:
TX3
TX2
TX1
TX0
Laser
Driver
(4 ch)
1x4
VCSEL
Array
Microo
ptics
TX3
TX2
TX1
TX0
RX3
RX2
RX1
RX0
TIA
(4 ch)
1x4
PIN
Array
Microo
ptics
MTP/MPO
Connectors
Multi mode fiber with MPO connector:
VCSEL  vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting-laser
MTP/MPO  Multiple-Fiber Push-On/Pull-off
82
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
RX3
RX2
RX1
RX0
4
Laser
Driver
4
CWDM
DFB
Lasers
Optical
MUX
4 TIAs
4 PINs
Optical
DeMUX
CWDM  Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
DFB Laser  Distributed Feedback Laser
LC  Little Connector
Dual LC Connector
CPRI fronthaul
Recommended Connectors for 5G CPRI Radios 5G18A (2/2)
CPRI fronthaul
DURU max distance
•
According to 5GC000579 Long fiber support for CPRI fronthaul feature the system automatically adapts to any
distance between 0 and 30km and keeps the air interface timing between different radios connected to the same
NGRAU aligned, with following restriction:
-
Different BB cards in NGRAU or one BB card connects to two different RUs the difference in optical fiber length is limited to 1km
L2RT
ASIK
ABIL
OPT1
AirScale AMIA
OPT2
Max 30 km
L2RT
ASIK
ABIL
ABIL
OPT1
OPT2
AirScale AMIA
Max 30 km
RU1
RU2
83
Max 1 km
RU1
-
If 30 km distance exceeded  Fault 241610 NodeB Fiber Length Deployment Exceeded is triggered (RU will be able to operate properly,
but with reduced peak throughput per UE)
-
If 1 km distance exceeded  Fault 241611 RU Fiber Length Differential Exceeded is triggered (RU cannot function properly and the
differential fiber length between the two fibers needs to be physically reduced)
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
2 RAUs configurations per AMIA subrack*
RAC,5G Core
GPS
Top of Rack Switch/Router
ASIK
1..2 ABIL
OPT1
RAU1
1..2 RU
RAP1
Sync DF by
HDMI cable**
ASIK
1..2ABIL
OPT1
RAU2
1..2 RU
RAP2
Left and right RAP could be any supported RAP
84
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
(*) AMIA subrack cannot be
shared between 5G and LTE.
This will be supported in future
with dedicated feature:
5GC000429 AirScale Sub-rack
sharing
(**) Backplane daisy chaining will
be supported in future by
another feature: 5GC001028
Backplane Interfaces for
Subrack Sharing
5G NB Architecture and HW components
Deployment
Aspects
Network graphic boxes
Network element boxes
<chapter:deployment_aspects>
85
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Table of contents
Example 3-sector Radio Sites deployment in 5G18A
Cloud gNB
3x gNB-DU
1x Radio Site
with 3 sectors
gNBCU
VNF
gNB-CU (VNF, i.e. BTS application)
Figure: gNB-Central Unit with 3 Radio Sites; each Radio Site with 3 sectors; each sector deployed with 1 gNB-DU
86
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
5G gNB Non Stand Alone
LTE4088 LTE-NR Dual Connectivity Option 3X
PDCP layer splitting
point
SgNB
EN-DC UE consumes C-Plane processing
capacity resources from SgNB:
- Bearer addition/deletion
- Intra/inter RAP HO
EN-DC UE
S1-U
EPC
•
•
•
•
•
X2
S1-U
S1-C
•
LTE4088 introduces the E-UTRA New Radio Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)
functionality, by which a UE Data Radio Bearer (DRB) is split over one eNB
acting as Master node (MeNB) and over one gNB acting as Secondary node
(SgNB or EN-gNB) (see more in WebNEI)
The Control Plane goes over the LTE layer
The data bearers to the DC-enabled UE can go over LTE or over 5G
The data bearer that goes over 5G radio can be split and sent partially over
5G radio and partially over LTE radio (with data packets relayed over X2
connection)
One Data Radio Bearer per RRC Connected UE is supported in 5G18A
5G RRC Connected UE is always Active UE (Idle mode is not supported in NSA
5G18A)
MeNB
MeNB C-Plane processing capacity is impacted due to handling the
communication with SgNB over X2 and Uu interface
- new C-Plane events are introduced for DC UE like MCG <-> SCG bearer split
modification
- legacy events are processed in MeNB (TAU, Paging, UE state transition IdleActive, intra/inter eNB HO, UE Attach/Detach, etc.)
87
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
MeNB - Master node (eNB)
SgNB - Master node (gNB)
Split bearer – Control Plane
Split bearer – User Plane
Impact on RRC Connections and DRBs @ MeNB Baseband
LTE4088 LTE-NR Dual Connectivity Option 3X
Key take-aways
• up to 84 RRC could be consumed from MeNB (LTE) per every 5G gNB-DU
Enough 5G UEs must be in the system, not likely as of today (2018)
•
Current assumption: EN-DC UE consumes 4G capacity from MeNB
Baseband similarly to legacy 4G UE RRC connected UE
•
E.g. EN-DC UE count as 4G RRC connected UE and their bearers
count like 4G bearers to MeNB capacity limit:
•
However in 5G18A supported NR capacity figures are as follows:
• Up to 84 5G UEs RRC Connected UEs per 5G cell (cmW)
• one split bearer (DRB) is supported per one EN-DC UE
• 2520 RRC Connection per 1/2 ABIA (UP pool)
• 7560 DRBs per ½ ABIA (UP pool)
• 15120 RRC connections per ASIA (C-Plane)
Note that those are FDD capacity figures for AirScale SM. TDDLTE is also supported for MeNB as well as FSMF SM
•
88
No additional limit from MeNB cell level perspective (maxNumActUe, max supported DRB or SRB)
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Impact on LTE system capacity C-Plane and U-Plane
LTE4088 LTE-NR Dual Connectivity Option 3X
•
Impacts both to C-Plane and to U-Plane LTE system performance capacity are expected
• C-Plane processing capacity can be impacted, due to the handling
of the communication with the SgNB
• The procedures over X2(gNB) interface and the triggered ones
over the Uu interface consume part of the C-Plane capacity
budget (bounded to up to 1500 events/sec in total)
UP pool
UP pool
UP pool
UP pool
UP pool
UP pool
• As for the U-Plane, although no impact to the (NR) PDCP
buffering capacity is expected due to the usage of 18bit
Sequence Number size, some throughput degradation at the
application layer (TCP) may be observed due to the X2(gNB)
transport delay, particularly if all UL/DL traffic of the split radio
bearer is served only via the LTE leg. In this scenario, additional
(max 40 ms) ping delay may be observed as well
• eNB will handle up to 150 UEs per cell in EN-DC without data
tput degradation (Above this threshold tput can degrade for all
served UEs (i.e. for EN-DC and not-EN-DC UEs) This is to be
verified after performance tests!
• 1500 CP events/second
• 115120 RRC conn.
Fig: MeNB
•
Impact on RAN level capacity: eNB must handle additional X2 links, X2(gNB) links, towards the neighbor gNBs and additional neighbor
relations towards the neighbor NR cells.
•
As per LTE 4088 LTE-NR Dual Connectivity Option 3X no CA is allowed in MeNB to an RRC connection with an EN-DC eligible radio bearer,
independent from whether it is or not in EN-DC
89
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Impact on MeNB C-plane
LTE4088 LTE-NR Dual Connectivity Option 3X
•
New CP events are introduced to support EN-DC UE
• MCG bearer to SCG split bearer modification
If we assume a number of UEs according to LTE Traffic Model and a
ratio 0...100% of UEs being in EN-DC split bearer mode:
• SCG split bearer to MCG bearer modification
•
• Intra-NR HO (HO happens on en-gNB but LTE eNB is involved in
such HO procedure)
Up to 46% more C-Plane capacity is consumed by EN-DC UE
compared to legacy non non-EN-DC UE (legacy 4G UE)
•
• Measurement configuration, measurement result report and
forward
Thus MeNB will be able to serve less EN-DC UE than legacy 4G
UEs
•
•
These new events bring extra cost on MeNB C-Plane (LTE) System
Module capacity
The ratio of EN-DC UE - to – non-EN-DC UEs impacts the final
capacity impacts
•
Assuming worst case 100% of UEs are EN-DC-UEs:
•
Hence UE in EN-DC consumes more C-Plane processing capacity
from MeNB compared to legacy 4G UE or UE in non-DC
•
UE in EN-DC reduce the capacity available for legacy LTE RRC
Connected UEs
90
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
• CP load caused by each EN-DC UE is equal to load of 1.46
legacy LTE UEs
100% EN-DC UE
Customized Ratio EN-DC UE
Ratio of EN-DC UE X FL18 UE = 1 EN-DC UE)
100%
1.46773
50%
1.11
Cloud gNB advantages
C-plane processing moved to cloud = virtually unlimited capacity
• In Classical gNB the 5G C-Plane* traffic is processed in ASIA
and the processing power is limited to CP pool capacity,
which fixed to ASIA HW capacity
• With Cloud gNB, CP pool is moved to cloud
• C-Plane capacity can be scaled out depending on incoming
traffic need
• Processing capacity available in cloud: virtually unlimited…
CP pool
CP pool
CP UE VM
CP CL VM
CP NB VM
*in NSA it is bearer additions/deletions, intra/inter DU HO)
CP IF VM
In Standalone it would be also Paging, attach/detach, etc.
Scalable VMs
91
© Nokia 2018
Customer Confidential
gNB-DU capacity 5G18A
• In current release the gNB-DU capacity is the same for both product variants:
• Cloud gNB
• Classical gNB
• In future (beyond 5G18A) it is anticipated that gNB-DU capacity with Cloud gNB will exceed Classical gNB capacity since in Cloud
gNB, some of the SW components are moved to cloud, hence more capacity is left for remaining SW components like L2-RT and
L2-NRT of DU
•
HW resources available for
boosting capacity of L1, L2-RT,
L2-NRT of DU
•
92
It means up to 30% more capacity
on DU level:
• RRC Connected UEs
• DRBs
• BHCA / C-Plane events
• L1 peak t-put
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Commonalities and differences for Cloud and Classic gNB
• Same NIDD package for Cloud gNB and Classical gNB
• High Availability feature only in Cloud gNB
• CBAM is not needed for Classical gNB. Required for Cloud gNB
• Same gNB-DU (RAP) capacity in both Classical gNB and Cloud gNB (as of 5G18A. Expect capacity optimization for Cloud
gNB-DU in future releases
• Identical gNB-DU (RAP) profiles
• New C-Plane deployment of 2x ASIK, optimized for 4500 UE/AirScale (in future)
93
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Compatibility matrix for AirScale System Module HW items in 5G18A
• Each AirScale SM HW item is identified with Product Code (prodCode) and HW version:
AirScale HW item
feature
ProdCode
Product Code
ASIK
5GC000275
474021A.*
ABIL
5GC000276
474020A.*
AMIA
5GC000623
473098A.*
HW version
(*) indicates HW version
474021A.X11
• Following table determines the compatibilities between HW versions in 5G18A
ASIK HW version
*.X
*.M
Pre- *.A101 &
*.A101
ABIL HW version
AMIA HW version
*.X11/*.X12/*.X21 *.Y21 Pre-*.A101 *.A101 *.A101 *.A202 *.A203
C
NC
NC
NC
C
C
C
C
NC
NC
NC
C
C
C
NC
C
C
C
C
C
C – Compatible
NC – Not Compatible
C
• Example compatible HW items: ASIK 474021A.A101 + ABIL 474020A.A101 AMIA 473098A. A101
• Example not compatible HW items: ASIK 474021A.A101 + ABIL 474020A.X11 + AMIA 473098A. A101
94
© Nokia 2018
Nokia Internal Use
Copyright and confidentiality
The contents of this document are proprietary and
confidential property of Nokia Solutions and Networks.
This document is provided subject to confidentiality
obligations of the applicable agreement(s).
This document is intended for use of Nokia Solutions
and Networks customers and collaborators only for the
purpose for which this document is submitted by Nokia
Solution and Networks. No part of this document may
be reproduced or made available to the public or to any
third party in any form or means without the prior
written permission of Nokia Solutions and Networks.
This document is to be used by properly trained
professional personnel. Any use of the contents in this
document is limited strictly to the use(s) specifically
created in the applicable agreement(s) under which the
document is submitted. The user of this document may
voluntarily provide suggestions, comments or other
feedback to Nokia Solutions and Networks in respect of
the contents of this document ("Feedback"). Such
Feedback may be used in Nokia Solutions and Networks
95
© Nokia 2018
products and related specifications or other
documentation. Accordingly, if the user of this
document gives Nokia Solutions and Networks
Feedback on the contents of this document, Nokia
Solutions and Networks may freely use, disclose,
reproduce, license, distribute and otherwise
commercialize the feedback in any Nokia Solutions and
Networks product, technology, service, specification or
other documentation.
and fitness for a particular purpose, are made in
relation to the accuracy, reliability or contents of this
document. NOKIA SOLUTIONS AND NETWORKS SHALL
NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN
THIS DOCUMENT or for any loss of data or income or
any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or direct
damages howsoever caused, that might arise from the
use of this document or any contents of this
document.
Nokia Solutions and Networks operates a policy of
ongoing development. Nokia Solutions and Networks
reserves the right to make changes and improvements
to any of the products and/or services described in this
document or withdraw this document at any time
without prior notice.
This document and the product(s) it describes are
protected by copyright according to the
applicable laws.
The contents of this document are provided "as is".
Except as required by applicable law, no warranties of
any kind, either express or implied, including, but not
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability
Nokia Internal Use
Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
Other product and company names mentioned herein
may be trademarks or trade names of their respective
owners.
© Nokia Solutions and Networks 2014