The process by which a doublestranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Deoxyribonucleic acid is copied during interphase prior mitosis and meiosis. It is important that new copies are exactly like the original molecule. The structure of the DNA provides a mechanism for making accurate copies of the molecule. The process of making copies of DNA is called replication. When DNA replicates, two identical copies of DNA molecules are produced , which are exactly the same as the original. it is a theory starting that genetics information flows only in one direction, from DNA to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly to protein. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC DNA RNA Ribonucleic acid (abbreviated RNA) is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA protein (PROH-teen) A molecule made up of amino acids. Proteins are needed for the body to function properly. Step 1. An enzyme called helicase breaks the bond between nitrogenous bases. The two strands of DNA split. Step 2. The bases attached to each strand then pair up with the free nucleotides found in the cytoplasm. Step 3. the complementary nucleotides are added to each strand by DNA polymerases to form new strands. • DNA is made up of sugars, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases and its shape is a double helix. The complementary structure the two strands of DNA allow each strand to serve as a template during replication. • The specificity of base pairing in DNA, adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine, allows DNA to replicate itself with accuracy. Protein production is similar to car production. It is the role of the DNA to provide workers with the instructions for making the proteins, and the workers build the proteins. Three types of RNA • One type of RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) brings information from the DNA in the nucleus to the protein manufacturing area, the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the mRNA becomes the template of information to make protein • Ribosomes, made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and ribosomal proteins hold tightly into the mRNA using its information to assemble the amino acids in correct order. • Transfer RNA (tRNA) supplies amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled as protein.