Lesson Plan in Earth and Life Science
San Guillermo National High School
Leyte Division
Date:
Grade 11-Dosinia/Conch (1:00-2:00)
I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
State the different hypotheses explaining the origin of the universe.
(S11/12ES-Ia-e-1)
II. SUBJECT MATTER
A. Topic: Theories on the Origin of the Universe
B. References: Curriculum guide (page 1 of 12)
K to 12 Physical Science Teacher’s Guide
Exploring Life Through Science Senior High School Earth Science
(pages
2-8)
C. Materials: Laptop, chalkboard, projector
D. Values Integration: Rationality— able to form judgements from data gathered and
to think logically.
III. PROCEDURE
A. Elicit
Have the students a quick review about the composition of the universe using the
concept map below.
B. Engage
The age of the observable universe is about 13.8 billion years. Imagine counting up to
13.8 billion using one second for each year. It will take you about 437.6 years to finish
it. The Solar System, which Earth is a part of, is relatively younger at about 4.54 billion
years. The skeleton of Lucy, the first and famous early human ancestor was dated 3.2
million years old. If you are going to represent the history of the universe in one
calendar year with the big bag taking place at midnight of January 1, what day did Earth
form? What day did Lucy live? At what day and time were the first humans born?
C. Explore
The students will create a model of expanding universe using the following steps:
a
1. In this activity, you are going to create a model of the expanding Universe. You will
need one balloon, a flexible metric ruler and a paper strip for conducting measurements,
copy of this page, and a marker.
2. Use the markers to make 10 - 15 dots on the balloon and number 10 of them after the
balloon is partially inflated.
3. Inflate balloon with 4 medium breaths to about the size of your fist; do not over
inflate the balloon!
4. Bend the end of the balloon down and paper clip it so that no air escapes.
5. Record below what happens to the dots. Be very specific - use complete sentences.
6. Measure and record the distance between dot number one (your "home" dot) and
neighboring dots with the METRIC RULERS. Be careful not to indent the balloon by
pressing on it.
and
7. Now measure and record the distance between dot number one (your "home" dot)
the other 10 dots with the paper strip. Note any differences in the two measuring
techniques.
8. Double the size of the balloon by inflating it slowly; do not over inflate the
balloon! Measure and record the data from the enlarged balloon using both tools.
D. Explain
Origin of the Universe
Non-scientific Thought



Book of Genesis
From the Hindu text Rigveda
Greek philosophers:
Anaxagoras – believed in primordial universe and explained that the original
state of the cosmos was a primordial mixture of all its ingredients which existed
in infinitesimally small fragments of themselves
Leucippus and Democritus – believed in atomic universe
Aristotle and Ptolemy – geocentric universe where Earth stayed motionless in
the heavens and everything is revolving round it
Modern Theories on the Origin of the Universe
Big Bang Theory
 Describes the universe as expanding and originated in an infinitely dense point
around 14 billion years ago.
 According to the theory, matter was not present at the beginning of time; there
was only pure energy compressed in a single point called singularity.
 The fundamental statement of the big bang theory is attributed to Belgian
Roman catholic priest Edouard Lemaitre in 1927.
 It was later supported by Edwin Hubble’s demonstration of the continuously
expanding universe through his observation of galactic redshifts in 1929 and the
discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation by Arno Penzias and
Robert Wilson in 1965.
Oscillating Universe
 Albert Einstein’s favored model after rejecting his own original model.
 The oscillating universe followed the general theory of relativity equations of
the universe with positive curvature. This curvature results in the expansion of
the universe for a time, and then to its contraction due to the pull of its gravity
in a perpetual cycle of big bang and big crunch.
Steady State Theory
 Proposed by astronomers Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold, and Hermann Bondi.
 The steady state theory predicted a universe that expanded but did not change
its density – matter was inserted into the universe as it expanded in order to
maintain a constant density.
Inflationary Universe
 American physicist Alan Guth proposed a model of the universe based on the
big bang theory.
 He incorporated a short early period of exponential cosmic inflation in order to
solve the uncertainties of the standard big bang model, such as horizon and
flatness problems. This became known as the inflationary model.
Multiverse
 Russian-American physicist Andrei Linde developed the concept of inflationary
universe from his chaotic inflation theory in 1983.
 This theory sees the universe as just one of many “bubbles” that grew as a part
of a multiverse.
E. Elaborate
Using the graph posted on the board, have students explore the various axes and look
for clues to what the graph might mean. In particular, the horizontal axis is distance
from our galaxy, the Milky Way, to other galaxies. The vertical axis is recessional
velocity. Note how there is a clear proportionality between distance and recessional
velocity. This proportionality is known as the Hubble Law. The slope of this line, with
dimensions of velocity over distance, is called the Hubble Constant. The inverse of the
Hubble Constant then has the dimension of time and can be taken as an estimate of the
age of the Universe.
F. Evaluate
Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. The first person to establish a geocentric universe in which a fixed, spherical
Earth is at the center surrounded by concentric celestial spheres of planets and
stars.
a. Anaxagoras
b. Aristarchus
c. Aristotle
d. Ptolemy
2. The phenomenon observed by Edwin Hubble which was used to explain the
expansion of the universe.
a. Photons
b. Redshift
c. Gravitational pull
d. Conservation of momentum
3. The Belgian priest to whom the big bang theory is attributed.
a. Edwin Hubble
b. Albert Einstein
c. George Lemaitre
d. Nicolas Copernicus
4. According to the big bang theory, there was only a pure energy compressed in
a single point called _______________.
a. Expansion point
b. Universal point
c. Singularity
d. Regularity
5. A model of the universe by Alan Guth was based on the ______________.
a. Oscillating universe
b. Steady state theory
c. Inflationary universe
d. Multiverse
G. Extend
Ask the learners to submit a brief report on the following topic/questions:

Prepared by:
What is the fate of the universe? Will the universe continue to expand or will it
eventually contract because of gravity?
JESSA A. LORETO
Teacher I
Checked by:
RONALD E. MACEDA
School Head