Приложение
Irregular Verbs
Infinitive
be
bear
beat
become
begin
bite
blow
break
bring
build
burn
burst
buy
can
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
deal
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight
find
fly
forbid
forget
forgive
freeze
get
give
go
grow
hang
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
was/were
bore
beat
became
began
bit
blew
broke
brought
built
burnt
(burned)
burst
bought
could
caught
chose
came
cost
cut
dealt
dug
did
drew
dreamt
(dreamed)
drank
drove
ate
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
flew
forbade
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
(hanged)
been
born(e)
beaten
become
begun
bitten
blown
broken
brought
built
burnt
(burned)
burst
bought
–
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dealt
dug
done
drawn
dreamt
(dreamed)
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
flown
forbidden
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
got
given
gone
grown
hung
(hanged)
Infinitive
let
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
put
read
ride
ring
rise
run
say
see
seek
sell
send
set
sew
shake
shine
shoot
show
shut
sing
sit
sleep
smell
speak
spell
spend
spill
split
spoil
spread
spring
stand
steal
stick
sting
strike
Past
Simple
let
lay
lit
lost
made
meant
met
put
read
rode
rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sought
sold
sent
set
sewed
shook
shone
shot
showed
shut
sang
sat
slept
smelt
(smelled)
spoke
spelt
(spelled)
spent
spilt
split
spoilt
(spoiled)
spread
sprang
stood
stole
stuck
stung
struck
Past
Participle
let
lain
lit
lost
made
meant
met
put
read
ridden
rung
risen
run
said
seen
sought
sold
sent
set
sewn
shaken
shone
shot
shown
shut
sung
sat
slept
smelt
(smelled)
spoken
spelt
(spelled)
spent
spilt
split
spoilt
(spoiled)
spread
sprung
stood
stolen
stuck
stung
struck
1
Продолжение
Infinitive
Past
Simple
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
laid
led
learnt
(learned)
left
lent
have
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
lead
learn
leave
lend
Past
Participle
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
laid
led
learnt
(learned)
left
lent
Infinitive
swear
sweep
swim
take
teach
tear
tell
think
throw
understand
wake
wear
win
write
Past
Simple
Past
Participle
sworn
swept
swum
taken
taught
torn
told
thought
thrown
understood
woken
worn
won
written
swore
swept
swam
took
taught
tore
told
thought
threw
understood
woke
wore
won
wrote
The English Alphabet
[e]
[b]
[s]
[d]
[]
[ef]
[]
Aa
Bb
Cc
Dd
Ee
Ff
Gg
[e]
[a]
[e]
[ke]
[el]
[em]
[en]
Hh
Ii
Jj
Kk
Ll
Mm
Nn
[əυ]
[p]
[kj]
[ ]
[es]
[t]
[j]
Oo
Pp
Qq
Rr
Ss
Tt
Uu
[v]
[ d blj]
[eks]
[wa]
[zed]
Vv
Ww
Xx
Yy
Zz
В английском языке 26 букв.
При этом гласных букв, можно сказать, 5,5: a, e, i, o, u, y.
Половина — это буква y, которую называют полугласной. Например, в слове try она читается как гласный звук [a] или в rhythm — как гласный
звук [], а вот в слове yesterday как согласный звук [j].
И вот эти 5,5 гласных букв могут давать 20 гласных звуков!
Что это означает? Это означает, что с чтением гласных могут возникать
проблемы, потому что эти 5,5 гласных букв будут в различном положении, в
сочетании с различными буквами читаться по-разному.
Посмотрим, как они будут читаться под ударением.
2
Чтение гласных букв под ударением
В английских словах выделяют 4 типа слога.
I тип слога — открытый слог
Этот слог заканчивается на гласную. В открытом слоге гласные читаются
так, как они называются в алфавите. Обратите внимание! Буква е на конце
слов, как правило, не читается, поэтому её называют немая е.
a
[e]
e
[]
fa-me
la-ke
ra-te
sha-me
ga-te
be
he
she
we
Ste-ve
1
i
[a]
hi
fi-ne
dri-ve
wi-fe
ri-de
o
[əυ]
no
go
do-me
no-te
sto-ve
u
[j]
du-ke
mu-le
fu-me
hu-ge
cu-te
y
[wa]
try
fry
my
ty-pe
sty-le
а) Read the words in the table above.
b) Copy the table in your copybook and add words read by this rule
from your textbook.
II тип слога — закрытый слог
Это слог, который заканчивается на согласную. Гласные буквы в закрытом
ударном слоге читаются так:
a
e
i
o
u
y
[]
[e]
[]
[ɒ]
[ ]
[]
man
men
lit
top
cup
gym
sad
bed
bin
stop
cuff
myth
ban
Ben
tip
dot
blunt
rythm
span
pen
split
hot
nut
tan
ten
fist
pot
plump
2
a) Read the words in the table above.
b) Copy the table in your copybook and add words read by this from
your textbook.
Обратите внимание, что широта звука в английском языке имеет принципиальное значение. Как бы широко мы ни произносили звук [э] в русском языке,
смысл слова от этого не поменяется. А в английском? Произнесём широко и
открыто bad [bd], получится плохой. Сделаем звук более закрытым bed [bed],
получится кровать.
3
3
Read the words below with sounds [ ] and [e].
[] широкий открытый звук
[e] закрытый звук
bad (плохой)
bed (кровать)
man (человек, мужчина)
men (люди, мужчины)
tan (загар)
ten (десять)
fan (веер, болельщик)
fen (болото)
bat (летучая мышь)
bet (пари, ставка)
pan (кастрюля, сковорода)
pen (ручка)
sand (песок)
send (отправлять)
bag (сумка)
beg (умолять)
pack (упаковывать)
peck (клевать)
band (группа)
bend (нагнуться)
III тип слога
(гласная + r (на конце слова) или гласная + r + согласная)
Rr после гласных не читается, но она меняет звучание гласных (они читаются
не так, как в I и II типах слогов).
ar [ ]
or []
er
ir
ur
yr
[]
scar
corn
nerve
bird
curve
myrtle
smart
north
herb
girl
burn
myrrh
march
horn
merge
dirt
turn
darts
port
term
stir
nurse
bark
sort
serve
sir
murk
4
Read the words in the table above.
Обратите внимание, что долгота (длительность) гласных звуков в английском языке имеет принципиальное значение. Как бы долго мы ни тянули гласные звуки в русском языке, смысл слова от этого не поменяется. А в английском? Произнесём с долгим звуком [d k], получится dark — тёмный. Произнесём с кратким звуком [d k], получится duck — утка.
5
4
Read the words below with long and short sounds.
[ ]
долгий звук
dark (тёмный)
smart
(сообразительный)
cart (тележка)
calm (спокойный)
[ ]
краткий звук
duck (утка)
smut (сажа)
cut (резать)
come
(приходить)
[]
долгий звук
sport (спорт)
short (короткий)
port (порт)
[ɒ]
краткий звук
spot
(место)
shot (выстрел)
pot (горшок)
[]
долгий звук
pool (пруд)
fool (глупец)
[υ]
краткий звук
pull (тянуть)
full (полный)
[]
долгий звук
sheep (овца)
meal (еда, трапеза)
steal (красть)
bean (боб)
heal (исцелять)
beat (бить)
heat (жара)
bead (бусинка)
seal (тюлень)
deal (сделка)
seat (сиденье)
lead (вести)
least (наименьший)
feast (праздник)
reach (достигнуть)
eat (есть)
[]
краткий звук
ship (корабль)
mill (мельница)
still
(по-прежнему)
bin
(мусорное ведро)
hill (холм)
bit (кусочек)
hit (ударить)
bid (заявка)
sill (порог)
dill (укроп)
sit (сидеть)
lid (крышка)
list (список)
fist (кулак)
rich (богатый)
it (он, она, оно)
IV тип слога
(гласная + r + гласная)
a
[eə]
share
care
rare
dare
bare
6
e
[ə]
here
mere
sphere
where
there
o
[]
more
store
bore
wore
tore
u
[jυə]
i
[aə]
lure
cure
pure
matúre
endúre
fire
hire
shire
empire
admire
y
[aə]
tyre
byre
lyre
Read the words above.
Давайте вспомним, что в английском языке есть и согласные буквы, которые в разном положении будут читаться по-разному.
Например, c и g.
Cc читается [s] перед тремя гласными, которые могут давать звук [].
Cc [s]
e
cent, centre, ice, nice, lace, face
i
city, cinema, Cinderella, circle, circus
y
cycle, cypress, Cyprus, bicycle
Cc [k] перед всеми остальными буквами (cap, cost, cup, clean, cry)
5
Gg может читаться [] перед e, i и y (но есть исключения).
Gg []
e
general, generous, generation, genetic, gentle
i
giraffe, giant, gin, gist
y
gym, gymnasium, gymnastics
(Исключения: get, gift, give, girl …)
Gg [g] перед всеми остальными буквами (gap, go, gun, grey, globe)
7
Read the following words.
Centre, cry, clean, nice, face, case, cinema, bicycle, come, rice, lace, cent, mice,
accent, account, accept, accident, success, concert, concept, scene, place, price,
page, cage, giraffe, gene, green, glad, gym, great, good, ginger, pigeon, region,
stage, range, giant, geography, geology, genetics, gentleman, get, give, gift, girl.
Grammar Exercises
1
Write the -ing form of the verbs in the correct column: rebel, star, split,
stare, deny, enter, drip, provide, disapprove, reach, tie, travel, bite, stay, fail,
die, spin, amuse, foresee, admire, lie, cancel, stir, begin, throw, revise, open,
hit, forgive, tip, tidy, suppose, forbid.
+ -ing
e + -ing
double consonant
+ -ing
double l + -ing
ie y + -ing
2
6
а) Write the following time expressions in the correct column: since
7 am, rarely, on Wednesdays, this month, at the moment, for two weeks, on
weekdays, in the morning, all night, in autumn, next Thursday, since 2005,
these days, at weekends, tonight, all day tomorrow, for five minutes, now,
since last Saturday, occasionally, hardly ever, at present, for seven years.
Present Simple
Present Continuous
Present Perfect
Continuous
b) Using the time expressions above or your own ideas, write three questions in
the Present Simple, three questions in the Present Continuous and three questions
in the Present Perfect Continuous.
c) In pairs ask each other these questions, write the answers and tell your
group.
Questions
What time do you usually get up on weekdays?
Answers
at a quarter past 7
1.
?
2.
?
3.
?
4.
?
5.
?
6.
?
7.
?
8.
?
9.
?
1.
(name) usually gets up at a quarter past 7 on weekdays.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
7
3
Write questions and answers, as in the example.
be/to Oslo? — two years ago — with my family
A: Have you ever been to Oslo?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did you go to Oslo?
B: I went there two years ago.
A: Who did you go with?
B: I went there with my family.
1. be/to the Kremlin? — last month — with my class
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
2. be/on a boat trip? — last summer — with my parents
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
4
Put the adjectives in the correct position.
a silk/long/violet/beautiful/scarf
1. a woolen/new/black/skirt
2. a small/gold/antique/brooch
3. a pair of silk/French/purple/gloves
4. blue/gorgeous/big eyes
5. a wooden/rectangular/brown table
6. a china/white/small/cup
7. tomato/delicious/hot soup
8
a beautiful long violet silk scarf
8. a black/old/large/wardrobe
9. a woollen/new/nice/blue/sweater
5
a) Write the description of three things you have in your room.
b) In pairs, read your descriptions to each other and try to guess
what the objects are. If you can’t guess, read the description to your
group to guess.
1.
2.
3.
6
Revision of irregular verbs. Add 7 verbs which have -i- in V1, -a- in V2
and -u- in V3.
V1
Infinitive
(Неопределённая
форма)
-i-
V2
Past Simple
(Прошедшее простое
время)
-a-
V3
Past Participle
(Страдательное
причастие прошедшего
времени)
-u-
1. to begin (начинать)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
7.
7
Revision of irregular verbs. Add 4 verbs which have -ought in V2 and
V3 and 2 verbs which have -aught in V2 and V3. Write the translation
of the verbs.
9
V1
Infinitive
(Неопределённая форма)
1. to bring (приносить)
V2
Past Simple
(Прошедшее
простое время)
V3
Past Participle
(Страдательное
причастие прошедшего
времени)
-ought
-ought
brought
brought
-aught
-aught
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
3. be/to the Polytechnic Museum — three days ago — with my brother
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
8
Translate the following sentences from English into Russian.
He has been at school since half past eight. — Он в школе с половины девятого.
1. They have solved three tasks.
2. How long was he the headmaster of this school?
3. He has been ill since last Monday.
4. How long have you known each other?
5. We have lived in Moscow for ten years.
6. They have left for Novgorod.
7. How long did you study at that school?
8. How long have they had these bicycles?
10
9. Has she found her purse?
10. I haven’t seen her since Monday.
11. We have been here since Tuesday.
12. How long has he worked for this company?
13. Has he come back yet?
14. They lived in Paris for a year.
15. How long did he work at the local hospital?
9
Revision of irregular verbs. Add 5 verbs which have -o- in V2 and
-o-en in V3. Write the translation of the verbs.
V1
Infinitive
(Неопределённая форма)
V2
Past Simple
(Прошедшее
простое время)
V3
Past Participle
(Страдательное
причастие прошедшего
времени)
-o-
-o-en
broke
broken
1. to break (сломать)
2.
3.
4.
5.
10 Fill in must or can’t, as in the example.
When we came back home, the light was on. We must have forgotten to switch it off.
1. He failed his exam yesterday. He
have prepared well for it.
2. I can’t find my gloves anywhere. I
have left them in the taxi.
3. Look! The fridge is full. Our parents
4. Henry is a very polite person. He
have been to the shop.
have said such rude words.
5. Now it’s 10 pm. He’s been working since 8 am. He
6. His marks are very bad. He
7. He
8. He
9. You
be exhausted.
be satisfied with his results.
have read this book. He started reading it an hour ago.
be at home now. He is usually at work at this time.
have seen Dan at the party last Sunday. He was ill.
10. We’re waiting for him for 2 hours! He
have overslept.
11
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