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ENGR 071
02/20/2023
Lab 1
Series & Parallel Circuits
Table of Content:
Introduction………………………………………………………………3
Equipment………………………………………………………………..4-6
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Procedure………………………………………………………………...7-13
Result……………………………………………………………………14-15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………….16
Introduction
The goal of this project is to become comfortable with using Pspice Schematics before using it to
examine DC circuits. Pspice Schematics is a schematic capture front-end tool that aids in
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diagramming, circuit design, course simulation, and analysis. The experiment investigates
straightforward DC circuits with resistors linked in series or parallel. To monitor the current
through the circuit and the voltage across electrical components, the experiment specifically uses
Pspice Schematics. Also, the research aids in our growth as critical thinkers. To examine the
circuit, we must draw upon relevant information, such as Kirchhoff's Current Law or Kirchhoff's
Voltage Law and Ohm's Law. In order to understand the features of the DC circuit and identify
potential sources of inaccuracy, findings from Pspice Schematics are compared to theoretical
values.
Equipment
● Leaded cylindrical resistors with color-coded bands (100 ohms and 550 ohms)
● Two multimeters (DMM or VOM)
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●
A solderless circuit board
● A color code table
●
A variable voltage power supply
●
22 AWG solid wire
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Figure 1. Leaded cylindrical resistors (one is 100 ohms and one is 560 ohms for this experiment)
Figure 2. Multimeter
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Figure 3. Jameco JE24 solderless circuit board
Figure 4. Rigol voltage power supply
Procedure
For Series Circuit:
1. Gather all components to build the circuit.
2. Build the circuit as shown in figure 5 on a breadboard.
3. Set the DC source to 5V and connect the source to the circuit.
4. Measure and collect the resistance through the resistors in the circuit.
5. Measure and collect the currents through resistors R1 and R2.
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6. Measure and collect the voltage drop across the resistors R1 and R2.
7. Record all datas.
Figure 5. Series circuit measurement.
For Parallel Circuit:
1. Gather all components to build the circuit.
2. Build the circuit as shown in figure 6 on a breadboard.
3. Set the DC source to 5V and connect the source to the circuit.
4. Measure and collect the resistance through the resistors in the circuit.
5. Measure and collect the currents through resistors R1 and R2.
6. Measure and collect the voltage drop across the resistors R1 and R2.
7. Record all datas.
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Figure 6. Parallel circuit measurement
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Figure 7. Set up for series circuit
Figure 8. Current measurement in Series Circuit
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Figure 9. Voltage at R1 in Series Circuit
Figure 10. Voltage at R2 in Series Circuit
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Figure 11. Set up for parallel circuit
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Figure 12. Current at R1 in Parallel Circuit
Figure 13. Current at R2 in Parallel Circuit
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Figure 14. Voltage at R1 in Parallel Circuit
Figure 15. Voltage at R2 in Parallel Circuit
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Result
Data for the Series Circuit:
I (Exp)
I (Theo)
Diff %
V (Exp)
V (Theo)
Diff %
R₁= 100Ω
7.48mA
7.57mA
1.196%
0.784V
0.757V
3.5%
R₂= 560Ω
7.48mA
7.57mA
1.196%
4.178V
4.239V
1.45%
Vₛ= 5V
7.48mA
7.57mA
1.196%
Ohm’s Law : V = I*R
I Diff % = ( [I1-I2] / [( I1+I2) / 2] ) * 100
V Diff % = ( V1-V2 / [( V1+V2) / 2] ) * 100
Calculations:
I(theo) = V/R = 5/650 =7.57mA (I=I1=I2)
V1(theo) = I*R1 = 7.57mA * 100 = 0.757V
V2(theo) = I*R2 = 7.57mA * 560 = 4.239V
I Diff % = ([ 7.48 - 7.57 ] / [( 7.48 + 7.57 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 1.196% =I1 Diff%=I2 Diff%
V Diff % = ([ 0.784 - 0.757 ] / [( 0.784 + 0.757 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 3.5%
V Diff % = ([ 4.239 - 4.178 ] / [( 4.239 + 4.178 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 1.45%
The experiment and theory values are close to each other but they are not exactly the same
because there are some errors that occurred during the experiment, such as: human error,
measurement error, connection error.
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Data for the Parallel Circuit:
I (Exp)
I (Theo)
Diff %
V (Exp)
V (Theo)
Diff %
R₁= 100Ω
47.81mA
50mA
4.478%
4.932V
5V
1.369%
R₂= 560Ω
8.72mA
8.9mA
2.043%
4.925V
5V
1.511%
Vₛ= 5V
56.53mA
58.9mA
4.106%
Ohm’s Law : V = I*R
I Diff % = ( I1-I2 / [( I1+I2) / 2] ) * 100
V Diff % = ( V1-V2 / [( V1+V2) / 2] ) * 100
Calculations:
V= V1=V2=5V
I1(theo) = V/R1 = 5/100 = 50mA
I2(theo) = V/R2 = 5/560 = 8.9mA
I1 Diff % = ([ 50 - 47.81 ] / [( 50 + 47.81 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 4.478%
I2 Diff % = ([ 8.9 - 8.72 ] / [( 8.9 + 8.72 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 2.043%
V1 Diff % = ([ 5 - 4.932 ] / [( 5 + 4.932 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 1.369%
V2 Diff% = ([ 5 - 4.925 ] / [( 5 + 4.925 ) / 2 ] ) * 100 = 1.511%
The experiment and theory values are close to each other but not exactly the same because there
are some errors that occurred during the experiment: human error, measurement error,
connection error.
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Conclusion
In the experiment, we focus on analyzing the simulation. In the real experiments, the
experimental values can be different from the theoretical values due to loss of energy when the
circuit is working or because of systematic errors of devices. Thanks to this experiment, we can
understand well the behavior of the DC circuit and the relationship between voltage, current, and
resistance in the circuit