ScienceDepartment
Year 4 final exam
study guide
1)Life cycles of flowering plants:
- Life cycle of a flowering plant:
- Students must know the correct order.
seed
germination
seed
dispersal
flower
seed
formation
pollination
- In seed germination: the roots grow and the shoot also grows.
- Two conditions for seed germination:
1. Water / moisture
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
- Pollination is the movement of pollen from the stamen to the stigma.
- Students should be able to label the parts of a flower. Especially
the underlined ones.
2)Sound:
❖ Sound is made when a material vibrates.
❖ A drum’s sound can be louder if it is hit harder or stronger.
3)States and properties of matter:
❖ There are three states of matter: solid, liquid and gas.
❖ Some materials are gases at room temperature like: oxygen,
carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, …
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ There is a layer of air around the earth called atmosphere.
❖ Some of the gases found in the atmosphere are: Oxygen,
nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
❖ Materials can change states of matter as shown below. You must
know the name of each process.
❖
❖
❖ Different states of mater will have different behavior of particles.
Students must
know the particles behavior for each state of matter and to be able
to compare them (what is similar, what is different).
❖ For example, both solids and liquids particles are close. But in a solid
the particles
are arranged but in a liquid they are not.
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ Students must know how to draw the particles for each state of matter.
❖
❖ Pollution: substances that humans put in the environment that
cause harm to the environment.
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ The boiling point is a property for substances. Each substance has
its own boiling point.
❖ The boiling point of a substance: is the temperature at which a
liquid becomes a gas.
❖ Water is a colourless liquid. It has a melting point of 0°C and a
boiling point of 100°C.
❖ If water is heated it will evaporate. The higher the temperature
the more water evaporates and the more water is lost.
Example: if I heat 25cm3 of water; when the temperature is 10°C
the water lost 2 cm3 while when the temperature reaches 40°C it
may have lost 10 cm3
❖ When the liquid particles are evaporating, they gain heat energy and
their speed
increases.
❖ Solution is a mixture of a solid dissolved in water.
❖ solution is made of a solute and a solvent.
❖ Solute: is the substance that dissolves; usually a solid.
❖ Solvent: is the substance that helps in dissolving; usually a liquid.
❖ Example: Salt dissolves in water to give a salty solution.
❖ Salt is the solute.
❖ Water is the solvent.
❖ We can separate the dissolved solute from a solution by evaporation.
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
4)The digestive system:
❖ The digestive system is made of the following organs shown in the
diagram below. You must know each organ and its function (job).
5)Forces and magnetism:
❖ Multiple forces act on different objects.
❖ Gravity is a force that pulls everything down to the centre of the earth.
❖ Friction is a force between two moving objects like the road and your
shoes or a moving car and the road.
❖ 1- Friction, 2- air resistance and 3- water resistance are forces that work
opposite to the movement of an object.
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ Students must be able to identify the forces acting on a boat moving
through the water. Please pay attention to the arrow direction.
❖
❖ A natural satellite: a natural object that orbits a planet like the moon.
❖ Some materials get attracted to the magnets. We call them magnetic
materials.
❖ Examples of magnetic materials: iron, cobalt, nickel, steel
❖ Some materials do not get attracted to magnets. We call the non-magnetic
materials.
❖ The difference between a magnet and magnetic material:
1- A magnet repels another magnet
2- A magnetic material is only attracted to a magnet
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ The forces between two magnets are either attraction or repulsion:
❖
❖ When magnets get further away from each other the force between
them decreases (becomes less).
❖ The stronger a magnet is the more magnetic materials it will
pull towards it. Example: Magnet 1 pulls 7 paper clips
towards it.
Magnet 2 pulls 2 paper clips towards it.
Magnet 1 is stronger than magnet 2.
❖ If two magnets pull the same amount of paper clips. We can use smaller
paper clips with the same size and the one that pulls more is the
strongest.
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
6) Seasons and adaptations of plants and animals:
❖ The earth is tilted.
❖ Look at the diagram bellow. The upper part of the earth above the
equator is called the northern hemisphere. The lower part is called
the southern hemisphere.
❖
❖ When the northern hemisphere has winter, the southern hemisphere has
summer. And the opposite is correct.
❖
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ Why? (When the northern hemisphere has winter, the southern
hemisphere has summer. And the opposite is correct).
1- the earth is tilted.
2- The closer part to the sun (in our example above: the southern
hemisphere) will feel more heat from the sun.
❖ The earth orbits around the sun in an anticlockwise direction. The earth
completes one
full orbit around the sun in 365 ¼ days. The shape of the earth’s orbit
around the sun is slightly ellipse.
❖ Plants and animals have adaptations depending on their environment.
❖ Adaptations: A body structure (hair color, big hands, muscles, …) or a
behavior (hiding, sleeping under ground, …) that helps animals and
plants to live in their environment.
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
❖ Example: polar bears live in very cold environments so they need to have
adaptations to live in that environment such as:
1. thick fur
2. layer of fat
3. greasy fur (to not let water stick to it)
4. black skin
5. hollow fur
❖ polar bears also have adaptations to help them eat their preys.
Black skin
1. forward facing eyes
2. large and sharp claws
3. white fur (for camouflage: the ability to blend in with the surroundings)
4. sharp teeth
5. excellent sense of smell
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science
7- Scientific enquiry:
❖ We measure the grams and kilograms using a balance or scale.
❖ We use a measuring cylinder to measure a liquid perfectly. For example:
❖ 200cm3 of milk.
❖ Students must know how to identify different variables from an
investigation /
experiment. (Independent: what we change, dependent: what we
measure and control: what we keep the same)
❖ Students must be able to draw a bar graph using a sharp PENCIL and a
ruler.
❖ Students must determine the risk factor/s (how the experiment may harm
them).
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Mr. Gabi Kamel
Subject: Science