Choose the letter of the correct answer. DRILL 1. What is the independent variable in a study on the effects of exercise on weight loss? a) Weight loss b) Exercise c) Gender d) Age DRILL 2. In a study on the effects of social media on mental health, what is the dependent variable? a) Social media usage b) Mental health c) Age d) Gender DRILL 3. In a study on the relationship between stress and academic performance, what is a possible moderating variable? a) Age b) Gender c) Personality type d) Ethnicity DRILL 4. In a study on the effects of sleep on memory consolidation, what is a possible mediating variable? a) Memory consolidation b) Sleep quality c) Age d) Gender DRILL 5. What is a control variable in a study on the effects of caffeine on reaction time? a) Caffeine b) Reaction time c) Gender d) Age DRILL 6. In a study on the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions, what type of variable is "brand loyalty"? a) Quantitative variable b) Qualitative variable c) Composite variable d) Extraneous variable DRILL 7. In a study on the effects of income on happiness, what type of variable is "income"? a) Quantitative variable b) Qualitative variable c) Composite variable d) Extraneous variable DRILL 8. In a study on the effects of caffeine on athletic performance, what is a possible extraneous variable? a) Caffeine b) Athletic performance c) Age d) Gender DRILL 9. What is a composite variable in a study on the effects of nutrition on overall health? a) Nutrition b) Overall health c) Gender d) Age DRILL 10. In a study on the effects of music on productivity, what is a possible confounding variable? a) Music b) Productivity c) Age d) Gender DRILL key: 1. b) Exercise 2. b) Mental health 3. c) Personality type 4. b) Sleep quality 5. d) Age 6. b) Qualitative variable 7. a) Quantitative variable 8. c) Age 9. a) Nutrition 10. c) Age RESEARCH ETHICS Research ethics involves the application of fundamental ethical principles to research activities which include the design and implementation of research, respect towards society and others, the use of resources and research outputs, scientific misconduct and the regulation of research. Understanding ethics: Research. University of Stirling. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2023, from https://www.stir.ac.uk/research/research-ethics-and-integrity/understandingethics/#:~:text=Research%20ethics%20involves%20the%20application,and%20the%20regulation%20of%20research. Group Task: You will be given a case study. Analyze and it and be able to identify the ethical issue involved. One member will present the case to the class. Case Study 1: Falsification of Data A researcher fabricates data in order to support his hypothesis. When the data is questioned by a colleague, he refuses to share his data and insists that it is accurate. Case Study 2: Plagiarism A graduate student uses large portions of another researcher's work in her thesis without proper citation. She argues that the work was important to her thesis and that the other researcher's work was freely available on the internet. Case Study 3: Informed Consent A researcher conducting a study on college students asks participants to sign a consent form, but does not explain the study in detail or provide a copy of the consent form. Later, some students express concern about the study's impact on their grades and feel that they were not adequately informed. Case Study 4: Conflicts of Interest A pharmaceutical company sponsors a clinical trial of a new drug. The researcher conducting the trial has received significant funding from the company in the past and has a financial stake in the success of the drug. Case Study 5: Confidentiality A researcher is conducting a study on a sensitive topic, such as sexual behavior or drug use. The participants have been promised confidentiality, but the researcher discovers that one of the participants is under 18 years old. Case Study 6: Deception A researcher conducting a study on memory asks participants to recall a list of words. Later, the researcher reveals that some of the words were not actually on the list and asks participants to recall those words as well. Case Study 7: Use of Animal Subjects A researcher is conducting a study on the effects of a new drug on animals. The animals experience significant pain and distress during the study. Case Study 8: Bias and Objectivity A researcher has strong beliefs about a particular topic, such as a political or social issue. The researcher designs a study to investigate the topic, but the study is biased in favor of the researcher's beliefs. Individual task On your logbook, write a two-sentence reflection on why it is important to understand ethical issues in research. Make a unique hashtag to promote research ethics awareness.
