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Japanese From Zero! 3
㵪 CONTENTS 㵪
֚Σ२অࡼ჋ġ ŢůťġŵũŦġţŢŴŪŤŴ
Kanji Lesson
1
Kanji Basics:
1
„ Why kanji are important
„ Listening for kanji
„ Different readings
„ Reading instinct
New Kanji
Writing Points
2
3
„ Numbers in kanji versus “1,2,3…”
Kanji Activities
4
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 1
8
„ words around the house
Masumi and Me
Lesson
1
counting time spans
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Adjectives
New Verbs
Verb Usage
„
„
„
„
„
9
䉅䈬䉎 (to come back, return)
䈏䉖䈳䉎 (to do your best)
䈫䉁䉎 (to stay over, spend the night)
䈲䈢䉌䈒 (to work)
䈲䈭䈜 (to speak, talk with)
Time Spans
Grammar
13
14
„ Using 䉁䈋 to mean “ago”
„ Using 䈲䉖 to half any time span
„ Counting pages
„ The difference between 䈖䉏䈎䉌 and 䈇䉁䈎䉌
Q&A
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
„ Reading comprehension questions
16
20
21
„ Substitution drill
„ Question and answer
Kanji Lesson
2
New Kanji
Writing Points
„ Combining kanji to make 䈛䉈䈒䈗
Kanji Activities
্ส߇਱ຐ୷
25
26
27
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
„ Writing review: Katakana countries
Vocabulary Groups – set 2
32
„ in the house
Mikami Sensei
Lesson
2
by which means
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Verbs
Verb Usage
33
34
„ 䈎䈎䉎 (to cost money, to take time)
„ 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕䈜䉎 (to shop)
„ 䈲䉌䈉 (to pay)
Grammar
35
„ The “by which means” marker, 䈪
„ Event frequency
„ The expense of…
„ The difference between 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇㩷 and 䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
Q&A
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
37
41
42
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Question and answer
„ Practice
Kanji Lesson
3
New Kanji
Fun Kanji
„ Kanji and the planets
඾࠮‫غ‬କ࿐߄ാ
46
Kanji Activities
48
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 3
52
„ kitchen and bath
„ Christmas words
Lesson
My Loud Mother
Level Ԛ
the 䈩 forms
3
About This Lesson
New Words
New Adjectives
New Phrases
Grammar
53
54
„ Changing verbs into the positive 䈩 form (the “do it” form)
„ Changing verbs into the negative 䈩 form (the “don’t do it” form)
„ Sample conjugations into the 䈩 forms
„ Verbs that end in 䈉
„ Making things polite with ਅ䈘䈇㩷 (䈒䈣䈘䈇)
Cool Tools
57
„ The shortcut for making the positive 䈩 form (do it)
„ The shortcut for making the negative 䈩 form (don’t do it)
„ The greatest cool tool for remembering the 䈩 and 䈢 forms
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
62
63
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Practice
„ Translation
Kanji Lesson
4
New Kanji
Writing Points
‫ݝ‬ષ‫ئ‬ऒֲ
68
69
„ Memorizing Ꮐ and ฝ stroke order
„ Which one is left and which one is right?
Kanji Activities
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
70
Vocabulary Groups – set 4
74
„ scary words
„ marriage words
The Concert
Lesson
4
expressing opinion
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Verbs
Verb usage
75
76
„ 䈍䉅䈉 (to think)
„ 䈇䈉 (to say)
„ 䉁䈧 (to wait)
Grammar
77
„ Japanese quotation marks
„ The “quote and thought” marker 䈫
„ The particle 䈫 with the verb 䈇䈉 (to say, tell)
„ The particle 䈫 with the verb 䈍䉅䈉 (to think)
„ The particle 䈫 with the verb 䈐䈒 (to hear)
„ When 䈪䈜㩷 ends the sentence being quoted or idea
„ Using adjectives with 䈇䈉, 䈍䉅䈉 and 䈐䈒
„ Using 䈭䈮䉅
„ The question word 䈬䈉
„ Did you think that Japanese had no plurals?
„ 䈢䈤㩷 after names
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
83
84
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Translation
Commentary: When will I be fluent?
Kanji Lesson
5
New Kanji
Fun Kanji
88
ఱಎ઀‫૽׫‬࿒
89
90
„ The kanji of love
„ In the middle of something
Kanji Activities
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
91
Vocabulary Groups – set 5
96
„ around town
„ around the office
Family Vacation
Lesson
5
which is better?
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Verbs
New Adjectives
Verb usage
97
98
„ 䈖䈢䈋䉎 (to answer)
Grammar
99
„ The 䈩䈇䉁䈜 verb form
„ 䈩䈇䉁䈜 vs. 䈩䉁䈜
„ This is better than that
„ Using 䉋䉍 alone
„ Using 䈱䈾䈉䈏 alone
„ Saying “or” in Japanese using 䈎
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
102
104
105
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ What are they doing?
„ Sentence creation
„ Substitution drill
„ Question and answer
Kanji Lesson
6
New Kanji
Fun Kanji
ী࢛਀௷ႁ
110
111
„ Kanji on your body
„ Is it a leg or a foot?
Kanji Activities
112
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 6
„ around the hospital
116
Lesson
Old Friends
Level Ԛ
Japanese school and 䉅䈉
6
About This Lesson
New Words
Word Usage
117
„ 䈚䉍䈧 䋨⑳┙䋩 VS 䈚䉍䈧 䋨Ꮢ┙䋩
New Adjectives
Culture Clip: The Japanese School Year
New Verbs
Verb Usage
120
„ 䈅䈉 (to meet)
„ 䈅䈠䈹 (to play)
„ 䈜䉃 (to live, to reside)
„ 䈤䈏䈉 (to be wrong, be different)
„ 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉕䉟䈜䉎 (to home stay)
„ 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕䈜䉎 (to work part-time)
Grammar
122
„ Turning adjectives into attributes
„ Stringing 䈇 adjectives in a row
„ Using 䈩䈇䉁䈜 to describe a state of being
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
124
126
127
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Particles
„ Opposite adjectives
„ Practice with adjectives
Commentary: It’s all about GUTS
Kanji Lesson
7
New Kanji
Fun Kanji
131
ၛ౳੫ঊ୆
133
134
„ Kanji tongue twister
Kanji Activities:
135
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 7
„ more and more body parts
140
Two Chickens
Lesson
7
a Japanese tongue twister
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Adjectives
New Verbs
Verb Usage
141
142
„ 䈎䈉 (to have an animal for a pet)
„ 䉂䈞䉎 (to show)
New Counters
„ Bird and Rabbit Counter
„ Position Counter
Grammar
144
„ Showing order or rank in numbered items
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Reading Comprehension Explanation
Activities
145
147
148
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Other tongue twisters
„ Counters
„ Short dialogue
„ Short dialogue activities
„ Question and answer
„ Translation
Kanji Lesson
8
New Kanji
Writing Points
ഛߗ‫ַܨ‬५୼
153
154
„ The science behind each kanji
Kanji Activities
155
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 8
„ photography
„ bugs
158
Lesson
The Music Teacher
Level Ԛ
starting and beginning
8
About This Lesson
New Words
New Phrases
New Verbs
Verb Usage
159
160
„ 䈭䉎 (to become, to be)
„ 䈲䈛䉁䉎 (to start, to begin)
„ 䈲䈛䉄䉎 (to originate, start, begin)
„ 䈍䉒䉎 (to end, finish)
Grammar
162
„ The difference between 䈲䈛䉁䉎 and 䈲䈛䉄䉎
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
166
167
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Question and answer
Kanji Lesson
9
New Kanji
Kanji Activities
ႅ૩୞‫ࡂـ‬ಖ಴
171
172
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 9
176
„ plants
„ shapes
„ clothing
My Birthday
Lesson
9
wanting to do
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Verbs
Verb Usage
177
178
„ 䈜䈉 (to smoke, to inhale)
„ 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉎 / 䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉎
Culture Clip
Grammar
„ What is 䈭䈱?
179
„ Over and under an amount
„ I want to… The 䈢䈇 form
„ Wanted to…, don’t want to…, didn’t want to…
„ The formality of the 䈢䈇 forms
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
183
186
187
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Verb conjugation review
„ Substitution drill
„ Translation
„ Short dialogue
„ Question and answer
Kanji Lesson
10
New Kanji
Kanji Activities
ఆനတ୤୒ฒࡉ
193
195
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 10
200
„ in the tool shed
„ in the classroom
Yumiko’s Cavity
Lesson
10
using 䈫䈐
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Adjectives
Word Usage
201
„ 䈢䈒䈘䉖 (a lot, many)
„ 䈲䈛䉄䈩 (the first time)
„ 䈣䈔 (only)
Grammar
203
„ Using 䈫䈐 to say “when”
„ Using 䈫䈐 with nouns and 䈇 adjectives
„ Using 䈫䈐 with 䈭-adjectives
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Activities
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
206
208
209
„ Translation
„ Question and answer
„ Useful Expressions
Kanji Lesson
11
੄ව୶்ུ໲
New Kanji
213
Kanji Activities
214
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 11
218
„ bodily functions
Lesson
Scott in Tokyo
Level Ԛ
䈭 adjectives
11
About This Lesson
New Words
New Adjectives
New Verbs
Verb Usage
219
220
„ 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉎 (to be transferred)
„ 䈘䈏䈜 (to look for, search for)
„ 䉇䉎 (to do, to play)
„ 䈲䈭䈞䉎 (to be able to speak)
Grammar
222
„ Using 䈭 adjectives
„ 䈭 adjectives and the “one” pronoun
„ The very useful 䈪䈚䉊䈉
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
Main Conversation
Activities
226
228
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Translation
„ Question and answer
„ Short Dialogue
Kanji Lesson
12
New Kanji
Kanji Activities
ྴল‫ୃࢷڠ‬ාؐ
233
234
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Vocabulary Groups – set 12
238
„ weapons and the military
„ in a hotel
Atsuko’s Letter
Lesson
12
one action after another
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
Culture Clip
New Verbs
New Verbs
Verb Usage
239
240
„ 䈪䈐䉎 (to be able to do, can do, make)
„ 䈎䉒䉎 (to charge, turn into )
Grammar
241
„ One action after another
„ Adverbs
Question and Answer
Mini Conversations J-E
Reading Comprehension
Activities
245
246
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Question and answer
„ Short Dialogue
Kanji Lesson
13
New Kanji
Writing Point: What are kanji radicals?
Kanji Activities
‫إ‬ঝ৬‫ޮٵ‬௜ಅ
251
252
253
„ Stroke order
„ Words you can write
„ Fill in the kanji
Lesson
13
Level Ԛ
About This Lesson
New Words
New Adjectives
New Verbs
Amelia’s Interview
the potential verb form
257
Verb Usage
„
„
„
„
„
258
䈍䉋䈓 (to swim)
䈭䈒䈜 (to lose)
䉂䈧䈔䉎 (to find)
䉂䈧䈎䉎 (to be found)
䈏䉁䉖䈜䉎 (to have patience; to endure, bear with)
Grammar
261
„ Changing regular verbs into the potential verb form
„ Changing 䈇䉎/䈋䉎 into the potential verb form
„ Particle switch
Question and Answer
Mini Conversations J-E
Mini Conversations E-J
Reading Comprehension
The Interview
Activities
265
266
„ Reading comprehension questions
„ Substitution drill
„ Question and answer
„ Short dialogue
„ Particles
APPENDICES
271
Appendix A – Vocabulary Groups
„ A: geography
„ B: in the house
272
„ C: kitchen and bath
„ D: Christmas words
„ E: scary words
„ F: marriage words
273
„ G: around town
„ H: around the office
274
„ I: around the hospital
„ J: more and more body parts
275
„ K: photography
„ L: bugs
„ M: plants
„ N: shapes
276
„ O: clothing
„ P: in the tool shed
277
„ Q: in the classroom
„ R: bodily functions
„ S: weapons and the military
„ T: in a hotel
Appendix B – Answer Key
GLOSSARIES
278
281
313
„ English – Japanese Glossary
313
„ Japanese – English Glossary
331
Prefecture Map of Japan
348
Kanji Requirements (lesson-by-lesson reference)
349
SPECIAL SECTIONS
Katakana Review: Katakana countries
30
Commentary: When Will I Be Fluent?
88
Commentary: It’s All About Guts
131
Lesson 1 – kanji ৻ੑਃ྾੖౐
Kanji Lesson
1
֚
1
֚Σ२অࡼ჋ġ ŢůťġŵũŦġţŢŴŪŤŴ
ŌŢůūŪġŃŢŴŪŤŴġ ̥̲͈ͭġ ̧͕ͭ
‰ ŘũźġŬŢůūŪġŢųŦġŪŮűŰųŵŢůŵġġ
Welcome to kanji, and congratulations for coming this far in your quest to learn Japanese.
Many students ask, “Is it really necessary to learn the kanji?” The answer is yes. The kanji
are not just phonetic symbols like hiragana and katakana. Each kanji has meaning. By
learning the kanji you will be able to make sense of how words are related to each other,
and your ability to understand Japanese will increase substantially as you learn new
characters.
The kanji 㘩 can be read as 䈚䉊䈒 or 䈢, depending on the word. The kanji 㘩 means
“food,” and words with this kanji in them tend to have meanings related to food. Even if you
didn’t know the word, you would know that it is related to food if this kanji were in it.
Consider the following words that use this kanji:
㘩ၴ
㘩ථ
㘩᰼
㘩ຠ
ᄕ㘩
㘩ਛᲥ
ᄛ㘩
䈚䉊䈒䈬䈉
䈚䉊䈒䈢䈒
䈚䉊䈒䉋䈒
䈚䉊䈒䈵䉖
䉉䈉䈚䉊䈒
䈚䉊䈒䈤䉈䈉䈬䈒
䉇䈚䉊䈒
cafeteria
dinner table
appetite
food products
dinner
food poisoning
midnight snack
As you can see, all of the words have 㘩 in them and are somehow related to food.
‰ ōŪŴŵŦůŪůŨġŧŰųġŬŢůūŪġ
Kanji are great because they give you a level of comprehension not available from
hiragana and katakana alone. For example, if you hear the word 䈮䈾䉖䈚䉊䈒, even though
you have never heard the word before you might be able to understand what it means
based on the kanji you have “heard.” Because you know that 䈮䈾䉖 means Japan, and
you know that 䈚䉊䈒 is one of the readings for the kanji “food,” you could assume that the
word means “Japanese food.” Of course, it is possible that the 䈚䉊䈒 portion of 䈮䈾䉖䈚䉊䈒
was not the kanji for food but the kanji for color, ⦡, which can also be read as 䈚䉊䈒. You
can rule out other kanji possibilities by the context of the conversation.
Knowing how words are written in kanji will help your comprehension because you will be
able to guess what something means based on what the possible kanji are. Learning kanji
is not as easy as learning hiragana or katakana, but the benefits of knowing kanji make the
effort worthwhile.
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‰ ŅŪŧŧŦųŦůŵġųŦŢťŪůŨŴġ
Unlike hiragana and katakana, kanji can have more than one reading. The best way to
learn the different readings is to learn a word that uses the particular reading. The kanji
section of the lesson will provide you with sample words for each reading.
There are two types of readings:
䈒䉖䉋䉂 is the Japanese reading of the kanji. It is normally unique to the Japanese
language.
䈍䉖䉋䉂 is the Chinese reading of the kanji. If you ever study Chinese, you will notice the
similarity in the way the kanji is read in both languages. Sometimes the 䈍䉖䉋䉂 of the
kanji sounds nothing like it does in Chinese.
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŪůŴŵŪůŤŵġ
Many students struggle with kanji because they are not sure whether the kanji in the word
should be read with the 䈍䉖䉋䉂 or 䈒䉖䉋䉂. Although there is no foolproof way to know
which reading to use, you will usually be correct if you follow this simple guideline: most
kanji in words using a combination of hiragana and kanji use the Japanese reading, 䈒䉖䉋
䉂. On the other hand, if the word is composed of two or more kanji without any hiragana,
then normally the 䈍䉖䉋䉂 is used. When the kanji is all by itself, your first inclination
should be to use the 䈒䉖䉋䉂 reading.
֚
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji – these will help you
memorize the different readings.
1
1 stroke
1
2
2 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈵䈫䈧
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉟䉼䇮䉟䉿
䈇䈤
䈇䈤䊶䈬
䈵䈫䊶䈧
䈇䈤䊶䈏䈧
䈧䈇䊶䈢䈤
䈇䈦䊶䈴䉖
৻
৻ᐲ
৻䈧
৻᦬
৻ᣣ
৻⥸
one
one time
one thing
January
first day of
the month
normal;
general
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈸䈢䈧
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊆
䈮
䈸䈢䊶䈧
䈮䊶䈏䈧
䈸䈧䊶䈎
䈮䊶䈎䈇
䈮䊶䈛
ੑ
ੑ䈧
ੑ᦬
ੑᣣ
ੑ㓏
ੑᤨ
two
two things
February
second day
of the month
second floor
two o’clock
Lesson 1 – kanji ৻ੑਃ྾੖౐
1
2
3
3 strokes
2
1
4
3
5 strokes
1
2
3
4
4 strokes
1
2
3
4
4 strokes
֚
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉂䈦䈧
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉰䊮
䈘䉖
䈘䉖䊶䈏䈧
ਃ
three
䉂䈦䊶䈎
䈘䉖䊶䈎䈒
ਃ᦬
ਃᣣ
March
third day of
the month
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉋䈦䈧
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䇮䊣䊮
3
䉂䈦䊶䈧
䈘䉖䊶䈛䈕䉖
ਃⷺ
ਃ䈧
ਃᰴర
a triangle
three
things
third
dimension
䉋䉖䇮䈚
䈚䊶䈏䈧
䉋䈦䊶䈎
䈚䊶䈎䈒
䉋䈦䊶䈧
䈚䊶䈐
྾
྾᦬
྾ᣣ
྾ⷺ
྾䈧
྾ቄ
four
April
fourth day of
the month
a square
four things
four seasons
䈇䈧䊶䈎
䈇䈧䊶䈧
䈗䊶䈎䉖
䈗䊶䈸䉖
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈇䈧䈧
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉯
䈗
䈗䊶䈏䈧
੖
੖᦬
੖ᣣ
੖䈧
੖ᗵ
੖ಽ
five
May
fifth day of
the month
five things
five senses
five minutes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉃䈦䈧䇮䉃䈇
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊨䉪䇮䊨䉾
䉐䈒
䉃䈇䊶䈎
䉐䈒䊶䈏䈧
䉃䈦䊶䈧
䉐䈒䊶䈛䉈䈉
䉐䈦䊶䈷䉆䈒
౐
౐ᣣ
౐᦬
౐䈧
౐ච
౐⊖
six
sixth day of
the month
June
six things
60
600
ŘųŪŵŪůŨġőŰŪůŵŴġ ̥̩εͼϋΠ
‰ ŏŶŮţŦųŴġŪůġŬŢůūŪġŷŦųŴŶŴġ“IJĭġijĭġĴ…”ġ
In modern Japan, kanji numbers is not used as frequently as in the past. More commonly,
numbers are written with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3…). One factor that probably influenced
this was the limitation of early computers. Written Japanese employs many more
characters than English and accordingly requires a more sophisticated computer code. It
would have been more convenient to use Arabic numerals for computing, and the practice
probably stuck.
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Although there is still a place for kanji numbers in Japan, they aren’t used as frequently
today. In Japan today you will see the Arabic numbers you are used to on TV, clocks,
license plates and just about anything that uses numbers. However you do need to know
the number kanji since many words and phrases integrate these kanji into them.
֚
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
ġ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
Lesson 1 – kanji activities
5
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words using the kanji that you just learned. This is a great way to
increase your Japanese vocabulary.
߭ߣ
֚̾
֚ ̾!
1 thing
޿ߜ
̲֚
̲֚!
1 o’clock
ߦ
ඵ̭
ඵ̭!
2 things㩷
߰ߚ
ඵ̾
ඵ̾!
2 things㩷
! ߺߞ
२̥!
!
!
२̥
3rd of month
ߐࠎ
२̭!
3 things!
ࠃߞ
! অ̥!
4th of month
!
ࠃ
অ̲!
4 o’clock㩷
޿ߟ
ࡼ̾!
㩷
5 things
ߏ
ࡼ̲!
5 o’clock㩷
२̭
অ̥
অ̲
ࡼ̾
ࡼ̲
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߻޿
჋̥!
6th of month
㩷
჋̥
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
䉐䈒
䈗
䉋䉖
1. 䈅䈚䈢
䈛
䈛䉈䈉
䈸䉖䈮 䈍䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈮
䈘䉖
2. 䈎䉂䈏㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉁䈇䈫 䈋䉖䈷䈧䈏 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈾䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈮
3.
䉂䈦
䈏䈧
䉋
䈎䈱
䈛䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈦
䉐䈒
4. 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲
䈛䉈䈉
䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈦
5. 䉁䈇䈮䈤䇮䊎䊷䊦䉕
䉀䉖䇮䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
䈗
6. 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈏
䉋䉖
䈮
7.
䈮䉖 䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈛
㩷 䈛䉈䈦䈺䉖䈗䉐䇮䈐䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 1 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ৻ੑਃ྾੖౐
7
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
ŴŦŵġIJġ
Throughout this book we will introduce groups of words that are important to everyday
Japanese speaking. You don’t have to try to memorize them all at once. Just familiarize
yourself with the each group as they will be showing up in subsequent lessons.
There are two versions of each word for your future convenience. As you learn kanji
throughout the lessons the progressive version will slowly replace the hiragana that can be
represented in kanji.
A
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Middle East
Africa
North Pole
South Pole
equator
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Japan Sea
national border
United Nations
ŨŦŰŨųŢűũź
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䉝䉳䉝
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
䈤䉈䈉䈫䈉
䉝䊐䊥䉦
䈾䈦䈐䉊䈒
䈭䉖䈐䉊䈒
䈞䈐䈬䈉
䈢䈇䈞䈇䉋䈉
䈢䈇䈻䈇䉋䈉
䈮䈾䉖䈎䈇
䈖䈦䈐䉊䈉
䈖䈒䉏䉖
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䉝䉳䉝
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
ਛ᧲
䉝䊐䊥䉦
ർᭂ
ධᭂ
⿒㆏
ᄢ⷏ᵗ
ᄥᐔᵗ
ᣣᧄᶏ
࿖Ⴚ
࿖ㅪ
Lesson 1 – counting time spans
Lesson
1
9
Masumi and Me
counting time spans
Level 㽴
1
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. know how to read and write ৻䊆ਃ྾੖౐
2. review vocabulary set 1
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn to count time spans of hours, days, weeks, months and years
2. learn to say something happened in the past
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1. Memorize the time spans. They will be important for the next few lessons.
1
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
Take the time to memorize the new words in this lesson. Move on to the next section only after you know
these words. If you are having a hard time memorizing the words, try writing each word ten times, repeating
the word to yourself as you write it.
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䇮䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䉁䈋
䈎䉖䈗䈸(䈘䉖)
䈖䈱䈅䈇䈣
䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇
䉅䈚䉅䈚
䈇䉁䈎䉌
䈖䉏䈎䉌
䉁䈢 䈅䈫䈪
䊕䊷䉳
䊨䉴
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䇮䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇೨
⋴⼔ᇚ䈘䉖
䈖䈱㑆
㔚⹤ઍ
䉅䈚䉅䈚
੹䈎䉌
䈖䉏䈎䉌
䉁䈢 䈅䈫䈪
䊕䊷䉳
䊨䉴
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
how long; how much (time, money)
(about) how long ago
a nurse
the other day
telephone bill
hello (telephone only)
from now (starting from now)
starting now (from now on)
again later
page
short for 䊨䉰䊮䉷䊦䉴 (LA)
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1
ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈜䈗䈇
1
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ಌ䈇
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
amazing, great, wow
ŕźűŦġ
䈇 adjective
ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
As you learn new verbs you can learn more about them in the Verb Usage section. Use the
verb type to figure out each verbs conjugations.
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
̹ĮŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
ŕźűŦġ
䉅䈬䉎
ᚯ䉎
䉅䈬䈦䈢
to go or come back, return
regular
䈏䉖䈳䉎
㗎ᒛ䉎
䈏䉖䈳䈦䈢
to do your best
regular
䈫䉁䉎
ᴱ䉁䉎
䈫䉁䈦䈢
to stay (overnight)
regular
䈲䈢䉌䈒
௛䈒
䈲䈢䉌䈇䈢
to work
regular
䈲䈭䈜
⹤䈜
䈲䈭䈚䈢
to speak or talk
regular
1
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̓ͥ͜ġ ĩŵŰġŤŰŮŦġţŢŤŬĭġųŦŵŶųůĪġ
䉅䈬䉎 uses particles just like 䈇䈒, 䈒䉎 and 䈎䈋䉎. This verb is very similar to 䈎䈋䉎, but
there are some subtle differences. 䈎䈋䉎 is usually used only when you are going to
return to the place of origin. 䉅䈬䉎 can be used when returning to the place of origin or any
point along the way. Also, 䉅䈬䉎 can be used when referring to non-physical places such
as 䈘䈇䈚䉊䈮 䉅䈬䉎 (returning to the beginning).
[place] 䈮 䉅䈬䉎
return to [place]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈭䉖䈛䈮 䉅䈬䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
2. ੖䊕䊷䉳䈮 䉅䈬䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
3. 䈅䈚䈢䇮䉅䈬䉍䉁䈜䇯
4. 䈐䈱䈉䇮䉝䊐䊥䉦䈎䉌 䉅䈬䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
What time will you come back?
Please go back to page five.
I will be back tomorrow.
I came back from Africa yesterday.
Lesson 1 – counting time spans
11
‰ ̦ͭ͊ͥġ ĩŵŰġťŰġźŰŶųġţŦŴŵĪġ
䈏䉖䈳䉎 is used a lot in Japan. Whenever you are determined to do something, you will
䈏䉖䈳䉎. No matter how tough it gets, you will 䈏䉖䈳䉎. The particle 䉕 marks the thing
that you are going to do your best at.
[something] 䉕 䈏䉖䈳䉎
do your best at [something]
ġ
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈏䉖䈳䉍䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈏䉖䈳䉍䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
3. 䈎䈍䉍䈤䉆䉖䈲 䈏䉖䈳䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
I will do my best at work.
Let's do our best at homework.
Kaori did her best.
‰ ͂ͥ͘ġ ĩŵŰġŴŵŢźġŰŷŦųĭġŴűŦůťġŵũŦġůŪŨũŵĪġ
䈮 is used to mark the place where you are staying.
[place] 䈮 䈫䉁䉎
stay over at [place]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈎䉋䈉䈶䈮 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
I spent the night at a friend’s house on Tuesday.
2. 䈅䈚䈢 䊖䊁䊦䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
I will stay in a hotel tomorrow.
‰ ͉̹̩ͣġ ĩŵŰġŸŰųŬĪġ
䈪 marks the place where one is working.
[place] 䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈒
work at [place]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈎䉌 䈖䈖䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈭䉖䈛䉁䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
3. 䈐䈱䈉䇮䈲䈢䉌䈇䈢䈱䋿
I will work here from next week.
Until what time did you work?
Did you work yesterday? (informal)
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‰ ͉̳̈́ġ ĩŵŰġŴűŦŢŬĭġŵŢŭŬġŸŪŵũĪġ
to talk with
[person] 䈫 䈲䈭䈜
talk with [person]
ġ ġ ġ ġ ġņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈞䉖䈚䉈䈉䇮䈱䈹䉋䈤䉆䉖䈫 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I spoke with Nobuyo last week.
2. 䈣䉏䈫 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
With whom did you speak?
3. 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈞䉖䇯
I don’t talk that much with my school friends.
to tell
[person] 䈮 䈲䈭䈜
tell/inform [person]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䈚䉁䈣䈘䉖䈮 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
I will tell Mr. Shimada the day after tomorrow.
2. 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈮 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈞䉖䇯
I won’t tell my friends.
to talk about
[thing]䈱 䈖䈫䉕 䈲䈭䈜
talk about [thing]
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈍䈳䈅䈘䉖䈮 䈒䉎䉁䈱 䈖䈫䉕 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
I will tell my grandmother about the car.
2. 䈭䉖䈪 䉒䈢䈚䈮 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈱 䈖䈫䉕 䈲䈭䈘䈭䈎䈦䈢䈱䋿
How come you didn’t tell me about the homework?
3. 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈮 䈎䉏䈱 䈖䈫䉕 䈲䈭䈚䈢䇯
I told my father about my boyfriend. (informal)
Lesson 1 – counting time spans
1
13
ŕŪŮŦġŔűŢůŴ ̲̥ͭ
The time spans below, like the other counters you have learned, continue past twelve units in a
pattern similar to the first ten.
When counting time spans for days, months, and years, sometimes the suffix 䈎䉖 is added at
the end. 䈎䉖 literally means “period of time” or “interval,” but it does not always have to be
used. When counting 䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖 (weeks) and 䈛䈎䉖 (hours), 䈎䉖 can never be removed.
ġ
How
many?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ġ
How
many?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
ʼnŰŶųŴġ ̲̥ͭġ
ŅŢźŴġ ̻ͅġ ĩ̥ͭġ ŰűŵŪŰůŢŭĪġ
ŘŦŦŬŴġ ̱̠͟ġ
䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖䋿
䈭䉖䈮䈤䋿
䈭䉖䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䋿
䈇䈤䈛䈎䉖
䈮䈛䈎䉖
䈘䉖䈛䈎䉖
䉋䈛䈎䉖
䈗䈛䈎䉖
䉐䈒䈛䈎䉖
䈭䈭䈛䈎䉖
䈲䈤䈛䈎䉖
䈒䈛䈎䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈛䈎䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈤䈛䈎䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈮䈛䈎䉖
䈇䈤䈮䈤 (never add 䈎䉖)
䈸䈧䈎
䉂䈦䈎
䉋䈦䈎
䈇䈧䈎
䉃䈇䈎
䈭䈱䈎
䉋䈉䈎
䈖䈖䈱䈎
䈫䈍䈎
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈤䈮䈤
䈛䉈䈉䈮䈮䈤
䈇䈦䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈮䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈘䉖䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䉋䉖䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈗䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䉐䈒䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈭䈭䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈲䈦䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈐䉈䈉䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈛䉈䈦䈚䉈䈎䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈦䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈮䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
ŎŰůŵũŴġ ̧̾ġ ĩ̥ͭġ ŰűŵŪŰůŢŭĪġ
ŚŦŢųŴġ ͇ͭġ ĩ̥ͭġ ŰűŵŪŰůŢŭĪġ
䈭䉖䈎䈕䈧䋿
䈭䉖䈰䉖䋿
䈇䈦䈎䈕䈧
䈮䈎䈕䈧
䈘䉖䈎䈕䈧
䉋䉖䈎䈕䈧
䈗䈎䈕䈧
䉐䈦䈎䈕䈧
䈭䈭䈎䈕䈧
䈲䈤䈎䈕䈧
䈐䉈䈉䈎䈕䈧
䈛䉈䈦䈎䈕䈧
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈦䈎䈕䈧
䈛䉈䈉䈮䈎䈕䈧
䈇䈤䈰䉖
䈮䈰䉖
䈘䉖䈰䉖
䉋䈰䉖
䈗䈰䉖
䉐䈒䈰䉖
䈚䈤䈰䉖䇮䈭䈭䈰䉖
䈲䈤䈰䉖
䈐䉈䈉䈰䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈰䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈤䈰䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈮䈰䉖
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1
ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ̢͘ġ ŵŰġŮŦŢůġģŢŨŰģġ
Previously you learned that 䉁䈋 means “before” and “in front of.” For example 䈔䈦䈖䉖䉁
䈋 means “before marriage,” and 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱䉁䈋 means “before school” or “in front of
school.” When used with time spans, 䉁䈋 means “ago.” 䈱 is not needed to connect 䉁䈋
to the time spans.
[time span] + 䉁䈋(䈮)
[time span] ago
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
৻䈰䉖䉁䈋
ੑ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋
ਃ䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋
䉋䈦䈎䉁䈋 䋨྾䈎䉁䈋䋩
੖䈛䈎䉖䉁䈋
౐䈺䉖䉁䈋
one year ago
two weeks ago
three months ago
four days ago
five hours ago
six minutes ago
In the following Q&A, notice that because we are using time spans, the time particle 䈮 is
used after “ago.”
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŒħłġ
1. 䈇䈧 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
ੑ䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
ਃ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
2.
䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
౐䈛䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
৻䈛䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
When did you get married?
I got married two years ago.
I got married three weeks ago.
How many hours ago did you come?
I came six hours ago.
I came one hour ago.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ͉ͭġ ŵŰġũŢŭŧġŢůźġŵŪŮŦŴűŢůġ
Previously you learned that 䈲䉖 means “half past” when saying times. You can do the
same thing with any other time span.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
৻䈰䉖䈲䉖
ੑ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䈲䉖
ਃ䈎䈕䈧䈲䉖
䉋䈦䈎䈲䉖 䋨྾䈎䈲䉖䋩
one year and a half
two weeks and a half
three months and a half
four days and a half
Lesson 1 – counting time spans
15
‰ ńŰŶůŵŪůŨġűŢŨŦŴġ
This is very easy. In English we say, for example, “page five.” In Japanese, “page” comes
after the number: ੖䊕䊷䉳. The 䊕䊷䉳 counter can also be used to say the amount of
pages, as in “150 pages” (150 䊕䊷䉳).
page 1
䈇䈤䊕䊷䉳
1 䊕䊷䉳
page 6
䉐䈒䊕䊷䉳
6 䊕䊷䉳
page 2
䈮䊕䊷䉳
2 䊕䊷䉳
page 7
䈭䈭䊕䊷䉳
7 䊕䊷䉳
page 3
䈘䉖䊕䊷䉳
3 䊕䊷䉳
page 8
䈲䈤䊕䊷䉳
8 䊕䊷䉳
How many pages? 䈭䉖䊕䊷䉳
page 4
䉋䉖䊕䊷䉳
4 䊕䊷䉳
page 9
䈐䉈䈉䊕䊷䉳
9 䊕䊷䉳
page 5
䈗䊕䊷䉳
5 䊕䊷䉳
page 10
䈛䉈䈦䊕䊷䉳
10 䊕䊷䉳
What page? 䈭䉖䊕䊷䉳
Remember that when 䊕䊷䉳 is used to say the number of pages in a book, it is a counter
and does not require any particles but, when you are refering to a specific page (such as
“page ten”), the respective particle must be used.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŒħłġ
1. 䈖䈱䈾䉖䈲 䈭䉖䊕䊷䉳䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
136 䊕䊷䉳䇮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
How many pages does this book have?
It has 136 pages.
2. 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈲 䈭䉖䊕䊷䉳䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
51 䊕䊷䉳䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
What page is the homework on?
It is on page 51.
Important: Be careful with your particles, as they will change the meaning of the sentence.
Without any particles, 䊕䊷䉳 becomes a counter, and when the location particle 䈮 is
used, it becomes a location (in a book).
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 10 䊕䊷䉳 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
2. 10 䊕䊷䉳䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are ten pages.
It is on page ten.
‰ ŕũŦġťŪŧŧŦųŦůŤŦġţŦŵŸŦŦůġ ̭̥ͦͣġ Ţůťġ ̞̥ͣ͘ġ
䈖䉏䈎䉌 and 䈇䉁䈎䉌 mean the same thing. They both mean “from now” or “starting now”
and can refer to things that occur in the future. They are both used to express that the
present time is being used as a starting point when speaking about the future. However,
only 䈇䉁䈎䉌 can be used in expressions like 䇸䈇䉁䈎䉌 ਃ䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮䇹 (three years ago
from now) which refer to events in the past. Other than this difference they are used in the
same way. Note that 䈇䉁䈎䉌 and 䈖䉏䈎䉌 can mean a variety of similar phrases such
as “from this point,” etc.
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ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŒħł
1. 䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈭䈮䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
What will you do (from) now?
I will work from now.
2. 䈖䉏䈎䉌 䈬䈖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈖䉏䈎䉌 䉝䊐䊥䉦䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
Where are you going from this point?
I am going to Africa from this point.
1
1.
Œħłġ ̱̾ͭ͂͜ġ ̢̭̹
䈭䉖䈰䉖 䈾䈦䈐䉊䈒䈮 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
How many years were you at the North Pole?
ਃ䈰䉖 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
I was there for three years.
䈾䈦䈐䉊䈒䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
I didn’t go to the North Pole.
2.
䈭䉖䈮䈤 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
How many days did you study?
ਃ䈎䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
About three days.
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
I didn’t study.
3.
䈢䈇䈞䈇䉋䈉䈱 䈚䉆䈚䉖䈲 䈭䉖䊕䊷䉳䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
What page is the picture of the Pacific Ocean on?
144 䊕䊷䉳䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
It’s on page 144.
4.
䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
How many hours did you shop?
੖䈛䈎䉖 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I shopped for five hours.
ੑ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I shopped for about two hours.
Lesson 1 – counting time spans
5.
17
䈇䈧 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
When did you return to America?
྾䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
I came back four months ago.
䈞䉖䈚䉈䈉 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
I came back last week.
ਃ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
I came back three weeks ago.
6.
䈖䈖䈎䉌 䊨䉴䉁䈪 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
How many hours are there to LA from here?
䈖䈖䈎䉌 ྾䈛䈎䉖䈲䉖䈪䈜䇯
It’s four-and-a-half hours from here.
1
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ŋĮņ
Using a piece of paper cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your comprehension to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between new friends
A䋺 䈛䉈䈉ੑ䈘䈇䈎䉌 䉴䊕䉟䊮䈮 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
B䋺 䈭䉖䈰䉖䈎䉖 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
A䋺 ྾䈰䉖䈎䉖 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 I was in Spain since the age of twelve.
B䋺 How many years were you there?
A䋺 I was there for four years.
2. Polite conversation between two people in a golf shop
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䉯䊦䊐䈏 䈣䈇䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯䉁䈇䈚䉈䈉 䈮䈤䉋䈉䈶䈮 䈚䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈇䈧䉅 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 ৻䈛䈎䉖䈲䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯䈅䈭䈢䈲䋿
B䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈫䈐䈬䈐 䈬䉋䈉䈶䈮 䈚䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
I really like golf. I play every Sunday.
How many hours do you always play?
About an hour and a half. How about you?
I sometimes play on Saturday.
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3. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 䈇䈧 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 䈐䉖䉋䈉䈶䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䉋䈒 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈲䈇䇮䉁䈇䈫䈚 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䈇䈧䉅 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ੑ䈎䈕䈧䈓䉌䈇 䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
When are you going to America?
I am going on Friday of next week.
Do you go there often?
Yes, I go every year.
How long do you always stay there?
I am there for about two months.
4. Polite conversation between a mother and a daughter
A䋺 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈭䈮䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䊁䊆䉴䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䈢䈹䉖 ੑ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈅䈚䈢䈱 䊁䉴䊃䈱䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䉕 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉 䈚䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What did you do today?
I played tennis with friends.
How long did you play?
Probably about two hours.
How long did you study for tomorrow’s test?
I didn’t study.
5. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 䈐䉊䈰䉖䈱 ྾䈏䈧䈮 䉦䊅䉻䈮 䉍䉊䈖䈉䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
B䋺 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
A䋺 ਃ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䈫 ੖䈎䇮䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 Last April I took a trip to Canada.
B䋺 About how long were you there?
A䋺 I was there for three weeks and five days.
Lesson 1 – counting time spans
1
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Mixed conversation between friends
A䋺 When did you come back from Africa?
B䋺 Two weeks ago.
A䋺 How long were you there?
B䋺 About three weeks.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈇䈧 䉝䊐䊥䉦䈎䉌 䉅䈬䈦䈢䈱䋿
ੑ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋䈪䈜䇯
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈇䈢䈱䋿
ਃ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
2. Informal conversation between classmates
A䋺 There is a lot of homework today!
B䋺 When are you going to do it?
A䋺 I don't know. Maybe I'll do it tomorrow.
B䋺 Do your best.
A䋺 Okay. I will do my best.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈐䉊䈉 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈏 䈍䈍䈇䉋䇯
䈇䈧 䈜䉎䈱䋿
䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇䇯䈢䈹䉖 䈅䈚䈢 䈜䉎䇯
䈏䉖䈳䈦䈩䇯
䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䈏䉖䈳䉎䇯
3. Formal conversation between aquaintances
A䋺 I work everyday until eleven o’clock.
B䋺 That is hard, isn’t it!
A䋺 It is. Sometimes I stay (overnight) at my office!
B䋺 Really?!
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䉁䈇䈮䈤 䈛䉈䈉䈇䈤䈛䉁䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈢䈇䈻䉖䈪䈜䈰䇯
䈲䈇䇯䈫䈐䈬䈐 䉥䊐䉞䉴䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈾䉖䈫䈉䈪䈜䈎䋿䋣
19
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1
œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġ ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲
㽳
㽴
㽵
㽶
㽷
㽸
㽹
㽺
㽻
㽼
㽽
䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈎䈱䈛䉊䈲 ੑ䈛䉈䈉౐䈘䈇䈱 䈎䉖䈗䈸䈪䈜䇯
䈮䈾䉖䈛䉖䈪䈜䇯
䈭䉁䈋䈲 䉁䈜䉂䈪䈜䇯
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈲 䈛䉈䈉ੑ䈏䈧 ੖䈎䈮 䈲䈛䉄䈩 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈛䉈䈉ੑ䈏䈧 䈛䉈䈉ਃ䈮䈤䉁䈪 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈛䉈䈉ਃ䈮䈤䈱 䈅䈘䈮 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈎䈱䈛䉊䈲 䉁䈇䈮䈤 䉋䉎䈱 䈚䈤䈛䉁䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈎䈱䈛䉊䈲 䈚䈗䈫䈱 䈅䈫䈮 䉋䈒 䉒䈢䈚䈮 䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䉒䈢䈚䈲 䉁䈇䈚䉈䈉 䈕䈧䉋䈉䈶䈱 䉋䉎䈮 䈎䈱䈛䉊䈮 䈪䉖䉒䉕䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈧䉅 ੑ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈪䉅䇮䈖䈱䈅䈇䈣䈲 ྾䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈲䈭䈚䈢䈎䉌䇮䉅䈉 䈍䈎䈰䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
䈞䉖䈕䈧䈱 䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇䈲 ྾䈵䉆䈒 ੖䈛䉈䈉 䈐䉈䈉䊄䊦䈪䈚䈢䇯
‰ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
Here is a phone call that Chris had with Masumi in Japan.
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䈲䈇䇮䈢䈎䈲䉌䈪䈜䇯
䉪䊥䉴䈘䉖:
䉅䈚䉅䈚䇮䉪䊥䉴䈪䈜䇯䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈲 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䈲䈇䇮䈤䉊䈦䈫 䉁䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖:
䈲䈇䇮䉅䈚䉅䈚䇯
䉪䊥䉴䈘䉖:
䉅䈚䉅䈚䇮䉪䊥䉴䈪䈜䇯
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖:
䈅䈅䇮䉪䊥䉴䋣㩷 䈇䉁䇮䉝䊜䊥䉦䈲 䈭䉖䈛䋿
䉪䊥䉴䈘䉖:
䈅䈘䈱 ੖䈛䈣䉋䇯䈮䈾䉖䈲䋿
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖:
䉋䉎䈱 䈒䈛䇯㩷 䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈭䈮䉕 䈜䉎䈱䋿
䉪䊥䉴䈘䉖:
䈚䈤䈛䈲䉖䈮 䈚䈗䈫䈮 䈇䈒䇯㩷 䈇䈧 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈒䉎䈱䋿
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖:
䈛䉈䈉ੑ䈏䈧 ੖䈎䈮㩷 䈇䈒䇯㩷 ਃ䈛 ྾䈛䉈䈉੖䈸䉖䈱 䈵䈖䈉䈐䈣䉋䇯
䉪䊥䉴䈘䉖:
䈉䉏䈚䈇䈭䇯䈲䉇䈒 䈐䈩䈰䇯 䈵䈫䉍䈣䈎䉌䇮䈘䈶䈚䈇䉋䇯
Lesson 1 – activities
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖:
21
䉒䈢䈚䉅㵺䇯㩷 䈅䈦䇮䈗䉄䉖䇯䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䉎䈎䉌䇮䉁䈢 䈅䈫䈪
䈪䉖䉒䈜䉎䈰䇯
䉪䊥䉴䈘䉖:
䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䈛䉆䇮䈅䈫䈪䇯䊋䉟䊋䉟䇯
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖:
䈚䈗䈫䇮䈏䉖䈳䈦䈩䈰䇯䊋䉟䊋䉟䇯
New words and expressions in the dialogue
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬ
ņůŨŭŪŴũ
䈲䉇䈒 䈐䈩䈰䇯
ᣧ䈒⌕䈩䈰䇯ġ
Come here soon.
䈏䉖䈳䈦䈩䈰䇯
㗎ᒛ䈦䈩䈰䇯ġ
Do your best.
1
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
ġ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㪈㪅
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉪䊥䉴䈱 䈎䈱䈛䉊䈱 䈭䉁䈋䈲 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮㩷 䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈪㩷 䊖䊁䊦䈮㩷 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇䈧㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
22
㩷
YesJapan.com
㪍㪅㩷 䈭䉖䈛䉁䈪㩷 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䈎䈱䈛䉊䈲㩷 䉪䊥䉴䈮㩷 䈇䈧㩷 䈪䉖䉒䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䉪䊥䉴䈲㩷 䈇䈧㩷 䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈮㩷 䈪䉖䉒䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䉪䊥䉴䈲㩷 䈸䈧䈉㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈪䉖䉒䈪㩷 䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈫㩷 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 䉪䊥䉴䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪㩷 䈍䈎䈰䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose new sentences as shown in the example by replacing the appropriate section.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹį㩷 䈅䈚䈢㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈎䉌㩷 䉅䈬䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
Æ the day after tomorrow㩷
䈅䈘䈦䈩㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈎䉌㩷 䉅䈬䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
Æ the day before yesterday㩷
䈍䈫䈫䈇㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈎䉌㩷 䉅䈬䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ㩷from Japan㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈍䈫䈫䈇㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈎䉌㩷 䉅䈬䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㪈㪅 䈐䈱䈉㩷 ྾䈛䈎䉖㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ two hours
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ watched TV
㩷
Æ read a book
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ about three hours 㩷
Lesson 1 – activities
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
23
㪉㪅
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅
ੑ䈛䈎䉌㩷 䈚䈗䈫䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䇯㩷
ਃ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮㩷 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
Æ one year ago
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ six months ago
㩷
㩷
Æ came to America 㩷
㩷
Æ went to Japan
㩷
Æ from four o’clock
㩷
㩷
Æ from now on
㩷
㩷
Æ listen to music
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅 䈭䉖䈰䉖㩷 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮㩷 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ how many days
㩷
㩷
Æ how many weeks 㩷
㩷
Æ how many months
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions as if they were directly asked to you using the words and
patterns in this lesson.
㩷
1.
㩷
㩷
㩷
2.
㩷
㩷
㩷
3.
㩷
㩷
䉋䈒 䈣䉏䈫 䈪䉖䉒䈪 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇䈧䉅 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖䋯䈭䉖䈺䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䉖䈰䉖䉁䈋䋯䈭䉖䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋䈮 䈖䈖䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
(where you live right now)㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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4.
䉁䈇䈮䈤 䈚䈗䈫䋯䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉌 䈭䉖䈛䉁䈪䈪䈜䈎䇯
5.
䉁䈇䈮䈤 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䈎䋯䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
6.
䈫䈐䈬䈐 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈪 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
7.
䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 2 – kanji ৾౎਻ච⊖ජ
Kanji Lesson
2
25
্ส߇਱ຐ୷
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
ඵ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji – these will help you
memorize the different readings.
2
1
2 strokes
2
1
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈭䈭䇮䈭䈱
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䉼
䈭䈭
䈚䈤䊶䈏䈧
䈭䈱䊶䈎
䈛䉈䈉䊶䈭䈭
䈭䈭䊶䈧
৾
৾᦬
৾ᣣ
ච৾
৾䈧
৾ᤨ
July
7th day of
the month
17
seven things
seven
o’clock
䉋䈉䊶䈎
䉇䈦䊶䈧
䈲䈦䊶䈷䉆䈒
䈲䈤䊶䈛
䈲䈤䊶䈏䈧
౎
౎ᣣ
౎䈧
౎⊖
౎ᤨ
౎᦬
eight
eigth day of
the month
eight things
800
eight o’clock
August
seven
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉇䇮䉇䈦䇮䉋䈉
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊊䉼
䈲䈤
2 strokes
1
2
2 strokes
2
1
2 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈖䈖䈱䈧䇮
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉨䊠䉡䇮䉪
䈐䉈䈉
䈒䊶䈏䈧
਻
nine
䈖䈖䈱䊶䈎
䈒䊶䈛
䈐䉈䈉䊶䈵䉆䈒
䈐䉈䈉䊶䈛䉈䈉
਻᦬
਻ᣣ
਻ᤨ
਻⊖
਻ච
September
ninth day of
the month
nine
o’clock
900
90
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈫䈍䇮䈫
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉳䊠䉡䇮䉳䉾
䈛䉈䈉
䈛䉈䈦䊶䈎䈇
ච
ten
䈚䈤䊶䈛
䈫䈉䊶䈎
䈛䉈䈉䊶䈏䈧
䈫䈍
䈞䈐䊶䈛䉈䈉䊶䈛
ච࿁
චᣣ
ච᦬
ච
⿒චሼ
ten times
tenth day of
the month
October
10 things
the Red Cross
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YesJapan.com
1
2
4
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䉖䉋䉂
3 5
䈵䉆䈒
none
䊍䊞䉪
䈵䉆䈦䊶䈎䊶䈩䉖
䈘䉖䊶䈶䉆䈒
⊖
⊖⽻ᐫ
ਃ⊖
౐⊖
⊖ᐕ
⊖୘
6 strokes
100
department
store
300
600
100 years
100 things
1
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈤
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䊮
6
3
2
3 strokes
ඵ
䉐䈦䊶䈷䉆䈒 䈵䉆䈒䊶䈰䉖
䈵䉆䈦䊶䈖
䈞䉖
䈞䉖䊶䈰䉖
䈞䉖䊶䈋䉖
䈘䉖䊶䈟䉖
䈤䊶䈑䉎
䈤䊶䈳䊶䈔䉖
ජ
ජᐕ
ජ౞
ਃජ
ජಾ䉎
ජ⪲⋵
1000
1000 years
1000 yen
3000
to tear into
pieces
Chiba
Prefecture
ŘųŪŵŪůŨġőŰŪůŵŴġ ̥̩εͼϋΠ
‰ ńŰŮţŪůŪůŨġŬŢůūŪġŵŰġŮŢŬŦġ ̲̩̮͟ġ
䈛䉈䈒䈗 means “compound kanji.” Any word composed of two or more kanji is considered
䈛䉈䈒䈗. Many times, when two kanji are combined, the second kanji’s reading is slightly
䈲䈭䈶
䈵
modified by adding 䈣䈒䈩䉖 to the reading. For example, the word ⧎Ἣ has the kanji Ἣ
in it, but it is read as 䈶. This happens with many 䈛䉈䈒䈗, so it should be the first thing
you do when guessing a reading of a word. Here is a summarization of this rule:
When kanji are combined into 䈛䉈䈒䈗, in many cases the reading of the second kanji is
modified by adding 䈣䈒䈩䉖 to the first hiragana in the reading.
䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉
䈵
䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉䈶
⺀↢ + ᣣ = ⺀↢ᣣ
Lesson 2 – kanji ৾౎਻ච⊖ජ
ඵ
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
27
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YesJapan.com
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes four times each. This is a great way to practice the
new kanji and review the words at the same time.
ߥߥ
্̾
্̾!
7 things
ߥߩ
্̥
্̥!
7th of month
߿ߞ
ส̾
ส̾!
8 things㩷
ࠃ߁
ส̥!
ส̥
㩷
8th of month
ߎߎߩ
߇ ̾!
!
9th of month
߈ࠀ߁ߓࠀ߁
߇਱
߇ ਱!
90!
ߓࠀ߁ߦ
਱ඵ
਱ඵ!
12
ߣ߅
਱̥!
㩷
10th of month
ߐࠎ߮߾ߊ
२ ຐ!
300㩷
߇̾
਱̥
२ຐ
Lesson 2 – kanji activities
߭߾ߞ
29
ຐ ̭! ຐ ̭
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
!!!!!
ࠃࠎߖࠎ 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
অ୷
㩷 অ୷!
4,000㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷 ߐࠎߗࠎ
२୷!
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷२
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷୷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷
3,000!
100 items
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
䈛䉈䈉
䉋
1. 䈮䈾䉖䈮
䈮
䈰䉖䈲䉖 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈛䉈䈉
2.
䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈗
3.
䉋䈉
䈚䈤
䈏䈧㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈎䈱 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈛䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈲䈤
䈛䉈䈉
䈘䉖
4. 䈍䈳䈅䈘䉖䈲㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈐䉈䈉
5. 䈖䈱䉲䊞䉿䈲
䈲䈦
䈷䉆䈒
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈋䉖 䈪䈜䇯
䈚䈤
6. 䈵䈫䈏㩷 㩷 㩷
䈞䉖
䉐䈦
䈮䉖䈫 䈰䈖䈏㩷 㩷 㩷
䈮
䈞䉖
䈷䈐 䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈐䉈䈉 䈵䉆䈒
7. 䉼䉬䉾䊃䉕㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉁䈇䇮䈎䈇䉁䈜䇯
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‰ ŘųŪŵŪůŨġųŦŷŪŦŸĻġŌŢŵŢŬŢůŢġŤŰŶůŵųŪŦŴġ
Write the following countries’ names in katakana. Some of these have not been covered in
the lessons, so do your best! The correct katakana for each country can be found in the
answer key in the back of the book.
1.㩷America
7. Switzerland
2. England
8. Russia
3. France
9. Brazil
4. Italy
10. Spain
5. Belgium
11. Canada
6. Vietnam
12. Mexico
13. Scotland
14. Australia
15. New Zealand
Lesson 2 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ৻ੑਃ྾੖౐৾౎਻ච⊖ජ
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
B
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
electricity
wall
emergency exit
door
curtains
carpet
roof
floor
ceiling
rooftop
basement
shower
electric outlet
hanger
iron
radio
washing machine
ŴŦŵġij
ŪůġŵũŦġũŰŶŴŦġ ġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈪䉖䈐
䈎䈼
䈵䈛䉊䈉䈓䈤
䊄䉝
䉦䊷䊁䊮
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
䉇䈰
䉉䈎
䈩䉖䈛䉊䈉
䈍䈒䈛䉊䈉
䈤䈎䈚䈧
䉲䊞䊪䊷
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
䊊䊮䉧䊷
䉝䉟䊨䊮
䊤䉳䉥
䈞䉖䈢䈒䈐
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
㔚᳇
ო
㕖Ᏹญ
䊄䉝
䉦䊷䊁䊮
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
ደᩮ
ᐥ
ᄤ੗
ደ਄
࿾ਅቶ
䉲䊞䊪䊷
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
䊊䊮䉧䊷
䉝䉟䊨䊮
䊤䉳䉥
ᵞữᯏ
Lesson 2 – by which means
Lesson
2
33
Mikami Sensei
by which means
Level 㽴
2
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ৾౎਻ච⊖ජ
2. review vocabulary group 2
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn to say the amount of times you have done something in a period of time
2. use the particle 䈪 to show by which means something was done.
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1. Make sure that you fully understand the last lesson or you will be confused in this lesson.
2
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈅䉎䈇䈩
ᱠ䈇䈩
by foot
䉺䉪䉲䊷
䉺䉪䉲䊷
taxi
䊒䊷䊦
䊒䊷䊦
swimming pool
䉦䉾䊒䊤䊷䊜䊮
䉦䉾䊒䊤䊷䊜䊮
cup ramen (instant ramen)
䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃
䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃
mini skirt
䉴䊃䊨䊷
䉴䊃䊨䊷
straw
䊄䉟䉿
䊄䉟䉿
Germany
䈲䈛䉄䈩
ೋ䉄䈩
first time
䈕䉖䈐䉖
⃻㊄
cash
䈛䉊䈉䈣䉖
౬⺣
a joke
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2
ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġ
̹ ŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈎䈎䉎
ដ䈎䉎
䈎䈎䈦䈢
to cost money; take time
regular
䈎䈇䉅䈱(䉕)䈜䉎
⾈䈇‛䈜䉎
䈎䈇䉅䈱(䉕)䈚䈢
to shop
䈜䉎
䈲䉌䈉
ᛄ䈉
䈲䉌䈦䈢
to pay
regular
2
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̥̥ͥġ ĩŵŰġŤŰŴŵġŮŰůŦźĭġŵŰġŵŢŬŦġŵŪŮŦĪġ
䈎䈎䉎 uses 䈏 by default when a particle is necessary. Remember that amounts of time
and money are considered counters and do not require particles.
[time, money] 䈏 䈎䈎䉎
to cost [money];
to take [time]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䈍䈎䈰䈏 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
It doesn’t cost money.
2. 䈇䈒䉌 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
How much does it cost?
3. 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
How long will it take?
4. 䈤䈎䈚䈧䈎䉌 䈍䈒䈛䉊䈉䉁䈪 䈭䉖䈺䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
How many minutes is it from the basement to the rooftop?
‰ ̥̞͈̳ͬͥ͜ġ ĩŵŰġŴũŰűĪġ
Remember that shopping and buying are entirely different things. Many students get this
mixed up. If you want to say that you bought a car, then you would use 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢, not
䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕䈚䉁䈚䈢.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I did (went) shopping today.
Lesson 2 – by which means
35
2. 䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈇䈠䈏䈚䈇䈎䉌䇮䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈞䉖䇯
I am not going to shop because I am busy today.
3. 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲 䉁䈇ᣣ䇮䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
My mother goes shopping everyday.
‰ ͉̠ͣġ ĩŵŰġűŢźĪġ
The thing that is being paid is marked with 䉕. As you will learn later on in this lesson, the
method of payment (credit, cash) is marked with 䈪.
[thing] 䉕 䈲䉌䈉
to pay [thing]
[method]䈪 䈲䉌䈉
to pay with [method]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䉇䈤䉖䉕 䈲䉌䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
2. 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䉦䊷䊄䈪 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. 䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇䉕 䈕䉖䈐䉖䈪 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
2
Please pay the rent.
I will pay with a credit card.
I paid the phone bill with cash.
ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŕũŦġ“ţźġŸũŪŤũġŮŦŢůŴ”ġŮŢųŬŦųġ ́ġ
The particle 䈪 means with, by, or on. It marks the item that is being used to do something.
It is also used to mark modes of transportation.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䉴䊒䊷䊮䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
I will eat with a spoon.
2. 䈕䉖䈐䉖䈪 䈎䈇䉁䈜䇯
I will buy with cash.
I will drink with a straw.
3. 䉴䊃䊨䊷䈪 䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
4. 䈵䈖䈉䈐䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I will go by airplane.
5. 䉺䉪䉲䊷䈪 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
I will return by taxi.
6. 䈭䈮䈪 䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
How will you come?
Note that when saying “by foot,” 䈅䉎䈇䈩 not 䈅䈚䈪 is used.
7. 䈅䉎䈇䈩 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I will go by foot.
I came by foot.
8. 䈅䉎䈇䈩㩷 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
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‰ ņŷŦůŵġŧųŦŲŶŦůŤźġ
What “event frequency” means is how often or how many times an event occurs. The
counter for frequency is 䈎䈇.
How many times? 䈭䉖䈎䈇
once
䈇䈦䈎䈇
৻࿁
twice
䈮䈎䈇
ੑ࿁
three times
䈘䉖䈎䈇
ਃ࿁
four times
䉋䉖䈎䈇
྾࿁
five times
䈗䈎䈇
੖࿁
six times
䉐䈦䈎䈇
౐࿁
seven times
䈭䈭䈎䈇
৾࿁
eight times
䈲䈤䈎䈇
౎࿁
nine times
䈐䉈䈉䈎䈇
਻࿁
ten times
䈛䉈䈦䈎䈇
ච࿁
You can use event frequency in a sentence with a time span to say how many times
something has been done in a certain period of time.
[time span 䈮] + [number of times] + [action]
I [action] + [number of times] in + [time span]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŒħłġ
1. 䈅䈭䈢䈲 ৻䈰䉖䈮 䈭䉖䈎䈇 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
How many times a year do you come to America?
৻䈰䉖䈮 ྾䈎䈇 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I go four times a year.
ੑ䈰䉖䈮 ৻䈎䈇 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I go once every two years.
2.
৻䈮䈤䈮 䈮䈾䉖䈗䉕 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
About how long do you study Japanese a day?
৻䈮䈤䈮 ੖䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
I study for about five hours a day.
䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈞䉖䇯
I don’t study that much.
3.
䈮䈾䉖䈮 䉋䈒 䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
Do you come to Japan often?
౐䈎䈕䈧䈮 ৻䈎䈇 䈐䉁䈜䇯
I come once every six months.
Lesson 2 – by which means
37
‰ ŕũŦġŦŹűŦůŴŦġŰŧ…ġ
In the previous lesson you learned the word 䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇 (telephone bill). 䈣䈇 can be
added to many other words in Japanese to mean the cost of whatever it is added to.
䈣䈇 can mean “cost of,” “bill,” and other similar words.
ġ ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ 䈅 䊖䊁䊦䈣䈇
䉺䉪䉲䊷䈣䈇
䊋䉴䈣䈇
䈪䉖䈐䈣䈇
hotel expenses
cost of taxi
cost of bus
electric bill
‰ ŕũŦġťŪŧŧŦųŦůŤŦġţŦŵŸŦŦůġ ̪̞̓ͦͣġ Ţůťġ ͈̪̞̓ͣġ
These words both mean how much or how many (distances, times or amounts). They are
both used in the same way. It’s up to you which one to use.
2
Œħłġ ̢̱̭̹̾ͭ͂͜
1. How long did it take?
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
It took three hours.
ਃ䈛䈎䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
It took about two months.
ੑ䈎䈕䈧䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. How many minutes does it take by train?
䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 䈭䉖䈺䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
It takes twenty minutes by train.
䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 ੑච䈺䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
It takes about four and a half hours by train.
䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 ྾䈛䈎䉖䈲䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. How many more minutes will it take?
䈅䈫 䈭䉖䈺䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
It will take fifteen minutes more.
䈅䈫 ච੖䈸䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
It will take about five more minutes.
䈅䈫 ੖䈸䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
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4. How will you go to Germany?
䊄䉟䉿䈮 䈭䈮䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
I will go by airplane.
䈵䈖䈉䈐䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I will go by bicycle.
䈛䈩䉖䈚䉆䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
5. How long does it take by foot?
䈅䉎䈇䈩 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
It takes a half-hour by foot.
䈅䉎䈇䈩 ਃච䈺䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
It takes about five hours by foot.
䈅䉎䈇䈩 ੖䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
6. How long does it take you to get to school by foot?
䈏䈦䈖䈉䉁䈪 䈅䉎䈇䈩 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
It takes twenty five minutes to school by foot.
䈏䈦䈖䈉䉁䈪 䈅䉎䈇䈩 ੑච੖䈸䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
7. What did you pay the electric bill with?
䈪䉖䈐䈣䈇䉕 䈭䈮䈪 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
I paid in cash.
䈕䉖䈐䉖䈪 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
2
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ŋĮņ
Cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read the Japanese
conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move the paper to
compare your translation to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between friends on the phone
A䋺 䉅䈚䉅䈚䇮䈇䉁 䈬䈖䈮 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䉁䈣䇮䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈅䈫 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈅䈫 ච䈺䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Hello, where are you now?
I am still in front of the school.
How much longer will it take?
It will take ten more minutes.
Lesson 2 – by which means
2. Polite conversation between people who have met recently
A䋺 ৻䈮䈤䈮 ੖䈎䈇䈓䉌䈇 䊒䊷䊦䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈭䉖䈪䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈚䈗䈫䈣䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
B䋺 䈇䈋䈎䉌 䊒䊷䊦䉁䈪 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈅䉎䈇䈩 ੖䈸䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
I go to the pool five times a day.
Why?
Because it’s my job.
How long does it take from your house to the pool?
It takes about five minutes by foot.
That’s nice.
3. Polite conversation between a boat captian and another person
A䋺 䈮䈾䉖䉁䈪 䈸䈰䈪 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 චੑ䈮䈤䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䈭䈟 䈸䈰䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈉䉂䈏 䈜䈐䈣䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
2
How long does it take by boat to Japan?
It takes about twelve days.
Why are you going by boat?
Because I like the ocean.
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Polite conversation between two friends planning on going to the shopping mall
A䋺 How will we go to the shopping mall?
B䋺 Let’s go by bus.
A䋺 Since taxis are cheap in America, let’s go by taxi.
B䋺 All right, then let’s go by taxi.
A䋺 䉲䊢䉾䊏䊮䉫䊝䊷䊦䈮 䈭䈮䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䊋䉴䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
A䋺 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈲 䉺䉪䉲䊷䈏 䉇䈜䈇䈎䉌䇮䉺䉪䉲䊷䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
B䋺 䈛䉆䇮䉺䉪䉲䊷䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
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2. Conversation between co-workers. Who do you think is higher up in the company?
A䋺 I am going to return to Chicago tomorrow by bus.
B䋺 It will take eight hours by bus. Why aren’t you going by plane?
A䋺 I am scared of planes.
A䋺 䈅䈚䈢䇮䊋䉴䈪 䉲䉦䉯䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䊋䉴䈪 ౎䈛䈎䉖 䈎䈎䉎䉋䇯䈭䉖䈪䇮䈵䈖䈉䈐䈪 䈇䈎䈭䈇䈱䋿
A䋺 䈵䈖䈉䈐䈏 䈖䉒䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. Polite conversation between a friend who lives in Japan and one who will be
visiting soon
A䋺 Is Japan hot now?
B䋺 Yes, it is very hot. When are you coming?
A䋺 I will go on the six o’clock flight.
B䋺 How long will it take?
A䋺 It will take twelve hours.
A䋺 䈮䈾䉖䈲 䈇䉁 䈅䈧䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈲䈇䇮䈫䈩䉅 䈅䈧䈇䈪䈜䉋䇯䈇䈧 䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈅䈚䈢 ౐䈛䈱 䈵䈖䈉䈐䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 චੑ䈛䈎䉖 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
4. Informal conversation between friends in line at a movie theater
A䋺 Who is going to pay?
B䋺 It’s okay. I will pay.
A䋺 Really? You sure are kind!
B䋺 I’m just kidding.
A䋺 You’re not kind at all.
A䋺 䈣䉏䈏 䈲䉌䈉䈱䋿
B䋺 䈇䈇䉋䇯䈿䈒䈏 䈲䉌䈉䉋䇯
A䋺 䈾䉖䈫䈉䈮䋿 䉇䈘䈚䈇䈰䋣
B䋺 䈛䉊䈉䈣䉖䈣䉋䋣
A䋺 䈟䉖䈟䉖 䉇䈘䈚䈒䈭䈇䋣
5. Informal conversation between co-workers of equal status
A䋺 Who paid the cost of the hotel?
B䋺 Murata paid with the company credit card.
A䋺 䈣䉏䈏 䊖䊁䊦䈣䈇䉕 䈲䉌䈦䈢䈱䋿
B䋺 䉃䉌䈢䈘䉖䈏 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈱 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䉦䊷䊄䈪 䈲䉌䈦䈢䉋䇯
œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽
ℛ⃨ ℛ ⃸Å⃸⃤℔
ӱ⃰ Åℇ ⃾ℋ ”⃧ℎ ⃲⃴ ℒ℣ ℃⃶ „Ӳℛ℆⃲Åℋ
⃯Å⃪ ℃⃶⃨ „ӳ⃰⃰ ℋ ℛ Å℆ ⃯Å⃪ ℃⃶ „
Ӵ⃪⁄ ⃥ ”Ⅻℿ ⅞ Ⅎℿ ℋ ℄ℂ ℞ ⃣℀ ⃤ ℃⃶ „
ӵ⃪ℊ ⃥℞ ℄ℂ ℞ ⃣℀ ⃨⁁ ⃼ ℃⃶ „Ӷ℧⃼⃴ ⃼⃾
ℋ Ⅻℿ ⅞ Ⅎℿ ⃩ ℋ⃵ℝℂ ℃⃶ „ӷ२⃨ ℚ⃦ℇ ℇ
℗ Å⃨ ™ ⃪ℚ⃴ ⃼ „ӸⅫℿ ⅞ Ⅎℿℚ ℃ ℎ⃰ ⃥⃪ ℃
਱֚⃵⃨ Å ⃨⃨ ℣ℚ⃴ ⃼ „
ӹ⃨⃧ ⃣⃲Åℋ ℚ⃤ℇ ⃾ ⃨⃤ ℞ℊ ⃴ℚ⃶ „
Ӻ⃧ ℄℄⃤ℊ ℡ℤ ℋ ⃧ ℉⃦ ⃲Å℄ ℽ⁎ ⁋ ⅙ⅴ ℶ
Ⅷ ‡Ⅽ ℃ ⃨ ℧⃤⃤Ⅴ⅐ ℿℱ ‡⅍℄ ⃬℀ K ⃨ ⃤ ℚ
⃴ ⃼ „ӻ℄ℂ ℞ ℟ ⃶⃨⁁ ⃼ ℃⃶ „Ӽ⃧ ℄ ⃥⃲Å ℋ
ℴ⁌ⅴ ⅛Ⅽ ⃩ ⃽⃤ ⃶⃪ ℃⃶ „ӽ℧⃼⃴ ℋ ⃨⃧ ℉
⃩ ⃣Åℚ ℣ ℆⃤⃨ ™ ⃶⃪⃵⁂℆⃤ ℃⃶ „Ӿ⃣⃴
⃼ ℇ ℗ Åℇ ⃨ ⃦ ℣ℚ ⃶ „ӿ⃵⁂ ⃣ ” ⃨⃧ ™ ⃽ℇ
⃪K ℀ ⃮ℂ ⃬ ⃽⃲⃤ „
⃬ ℅⃥ ℚ ℣⃰ ℡ ℣
Ʀ
2
41
Lesson 2 – by which means
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
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2
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䉁㩷 䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䈲㩷 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈘䉃䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈐䈱䈉䈲㩷 䈘䉃䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈎䉌㩷 䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䉁䈪㩷 䈵䈖䈉䈐䈪㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖㩷 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈍䈫䈫䈇㩷 䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅 䈣䉏䈫㩷 䉲䊢䉾䊏䊮䉫䊝䊷䊦䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉩䊞䊮䊑䊦䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉩䊞䊮䊑䊦䈏㩷 䈐䉌䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 䈭䉖䈪㩷 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉩䊞䊮䊑䊦䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪈㪅㩷 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 2 – activities
43
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹį㩷 㩷 䈖䈖䉁䈪㩷 ਃ䈛䈎䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ thirty minutes㩷 㩷
㩷
䈖䈖䉁䈪㩷 ਃච䈺䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ five hours㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
䈖䈖䉁䈪㩷 ੖䈛䈎䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ an hour and half㩷㩷
㩷
䈖䈖䉁䈪㩷 ৻䈛䈎䉖䈲䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㪈㪅 䈍䈲䈚䈪㩷 䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ with a spoon
㩷
Æ with a fork
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ with the hand
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ with a fork and a knife 㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 ৻䈰䉖䈮㩷 ৻䈎䈇㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ twice a year
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ return to America
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ once in two years
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ often
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱㩷 䉪䊤䉴䈮㩷 䉺䉪䉲䊷䈪㩷 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ by bus
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ by car
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ by train
㩷
㩷
Æ by foot
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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㪋㪅 䈖䈑䈦䈩䈪㩷 䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ with a credit card
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ with cash
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ electric bill
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ hotel expenses
㩷
㩷
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䉴䊒䊷䊮䈪㩷 䊏䉱䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈭䈮䈪㩷 䈍䈜䈚䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈚䈗䈫䋯䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮㩷 䈒䉎䉁䈪㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䉴䊷䊌䊷䈮㩷 䈭䈮䈪㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 ৻䈰䉖䈮㩷 䈭䉖䈎䈇㩷 䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅㩷 ৻䈮䈤䈮㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈗䉕㩷 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䈇䈋䈎䉌㩷 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱㩷 䈇䈋䉁䈪㩷 䈒䉎䉁䈪㩷 䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱㩷 䈾䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈒䉌䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 2 – activities
‰ őųŢŤŵŪŤŦġ
How often do you do the following activities? Use the pictures to make your own
sentences.
Ex
䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈇䈦䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䈮 䈇䈦䈎䈇䇮䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕䈚䉁䈜䇯
I go shopping once a week.
䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈜䉎
to go shopping
1
䈾䉖䉕 䉋䉃
to read a book
2
䈩䈏䉂䉕 䈎䈒
to write a letter
3
䈰䉎
to sleep
45
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Kanji Lesson
3
඾࠮‫غ‬କ࿐߄ാ
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
२
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji – these will help you
memorize the different readings.
1
2
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈵䇮䈎
3
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊆䉼䇮䉳䉿
4
䈵
䈮䈤䊶䉋䈉䊶䈶
ᣣ
ᣣᦐᣣ
Sunday
䈧䈐䊶䉂
4 strokes
day
2
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈧䈐
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉭䉿䇮䉧䉿
1
3
4
1
3
2
4
1
3
2
4
4 strokes
䈢䉖䊶䈛䉊䈉䊶䈶
䈐䉊䈉
ੑචᣣ
ભᣣ
⺀↢ᣣ
੹ᣣ
20th day of
the month
day off,
holiday
birthday
today
䈖䉖䊶䈕䈧
䈚䉊䈉䊶䈏䈧
᦬
੹᦬
ᱜ᦬
᦬⷗
New Years
moon
viewing
this month
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈵
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉦
䈕䈧䊶䉋䈉䊶䈶 䈕䈧䊶䉁䈧
᦬ᦐᣣ
᦬ᧃ
Monday
end of
month
䈎䊶䉍䉊䈒
䈵
䈎䊶䉋䈉䈶
䈲䈭䊶䈶
䈎䊶䈛
䈎䊶䈞䈇
Ἣ
Ἣᦐᣣ
⧎Ἣ
Ἣ੐
Ἣᤊ
Ἣജ
Mars
thermal
power
䉂䈝䊶䈇䉐
fire
4 strokes
䈐䉈䈉䊶䈛䈧
䈧䈐
moon
4 strokes
䈲䈧䊶䈎
Tuesday
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉂䈝
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉴䉟
䉂䈝
䈜䈇䊶䉋䈉䊶䈶
᳓
water
fireworks
a fire
䈜䈇䊶䉍䉊䈒
䈎䈇䊶䈜䈇
䈜䈇䊶䈞䈇
᳓ᦐᣣ
᳓ജ
ᶏ᳓
᳓ᤊ
᳓⦡
Wednesday
hydraulic
power
Mercury
light blue
color
seawater
Lesson 3 – kanji ᣣ᦬Ἣ᳓ᧁ㊄࿯
2
1
4
3
4 strokes
1
2
4
7
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈐䇮䈖
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊗䉪䇮䊝䉪
䈐
䉅䈒䊶䉋䈉䊶䈶
ᧁ
47
䈖䊶䈣䈤
䉅䈒䊶䈞䈇
䈙䈇䊶䉅䈒
䈉䈋䊶䈐
ᧁᦐᣣ
ᧁ┙
ᧁᤊ
᧚ᧁ
ᬀᧁ
tree, wood
Thursday
grove of
trees
Jupiter
lumber
potted plant
garden plant
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈎䈰䇮䈎䈭
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉨䊮䇮䉮䊮
䈐䉖
䈍䊶䈎䈰
䈐䉖䊶䈡䈒
䈎䈭䊶䉅䈱
䈐䉖䊶䉋䈉䊶䈶
䈐䉖䊶䈞䈇
㊄
䈍㊄
㊄ዻ
㊄‛
㊄ᦐᣣ
㊄ᤊ
8 strokes
gold
money
metal
ironware
Friday
Venus
2
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈧䈤
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊄䇮䊃
6
8
1
3
3 strokes
२
䈧䈤
䈫䊶䈤
䈅䈎䊶䈧䈤
䈖䈒䊶䈬
䈬䊶䉋䈉䊶䈶
䈬䊶䈞䈇
࿯
࿯࿾
⿒࿯
࿖࿯
࿯ᦐᣣ
࿯ᤊ
soil, earth
land
red clay
territory,
country
Saturday
Saturn
ŇŶůġŌŢůūŪġ ̹͈̱̞ġ ̥̲ͭ
‰ ŌŢůūŪġŢůťġŵũŦġűŭŢůŦŵŴ
You may have noticed that some of the example words in this section were planets. The
second kanji in these words is the kanji for star, which is ᤊ (䈾䈚). It is interesting to note
that planet Earth doesn’t have ᤊ in it, but instead uses the kanji for “sphere.” Here is a list
of all the planets:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
䈜䈇䈞䈇
䈐䉖䈞䈇
䈤䈐䉈䈉
䈎䈞䈇
䉅䈒䈞䈇
䈬䈞䈇
䈩䉖䈱䈉䈞䈇
䈎䈇䈍䈉䈞䈇
䉄䈇䈍䈉䈞䈇
᳓ᤊ
㊄ᤊ
࿾⃿
Ἣᤊ
ᧁᤊ
࿯ᤊ
ᄤ₺ᤊ
ᶏ₺ᤊ
౵₺ᤊ
water planet
gold planet
earth, soil sphere
fire planet
wood, tree planet
soil planet
heaven king planet
ocean king planet
dark king planet
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२
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
Lesson 3 – kanji activities
49
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes four times each. This is a great way to practice the
new kanji and review the words at the same time.
ࠃߞ߆
অ඾
অ඾!
4th of month
ࠃ߁߆
ส඾
ส඾!
8th of month
ߓࠀ߁߇ߟ
਱࠮
਱ ࠮!
October㩷
ࠈߊ߇ߟ
჋࠮
჋࠮!
June㩷
ߍߟ
߮
࠮̠͢඾!
Monday!
߆
߮
‫̠͢غ‬඾!
Tuesday!
ߔ޿
߮
࠮̠͢඾
‫̠͢غ‬඾
କ̠͢඾! କ
Wednesday
̠͢඾
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߽ߊ
߮
߈ࠎ
߮
࿐̠͢඾! ࿐
Thursday㩷
߄̠͢඾!
Friday㩷
ߤ
߮
̠͢඾
߄̠͢඾
ാ̠͢඾! ാ
Sunday㩷
̠͢඾
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ߺߕ
㩷 କ!
କ
㩷 water㩷
!!!!!
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
߈
㩷 ࿐!
࿐
tree!
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷 ߆ߨ
̤߄
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷!㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷̤
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷߄
㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷
money㩷
Lesson 3 – kanji activities
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷
䈎䈰
䈗
䈞䉖 䈘䉖 䈶䉆䈒
㩷 䈍㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
1.
䈋䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
䉐䈒
䈏䈧 䈭䈱
䈎
䈮
㩷
2.
䈮 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
3.
㩷
䈎
䈶
䉋
䉋䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷
䈛䈎䉌 䈚䈗䈫䈪䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
䈐
㩷 4. 䈅䈠䈖䈮㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
䈮
䈛䉈䈦
䈏 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉀䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㩷㩷
䉂䈝
5.
䉋䈦
䉕㩷 㩷 㩷
䈧䈫 䊜䊆䊠䊷䉕 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈕䈧
䈶
䈫䈍
䈎
6. 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉋䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈪䈜䇯
51
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
C
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
brush
safety pin
toilet paper
flower vase
pots and pans
kitchen knife
frying pan
cutting board
kettle
candle
D
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
Christmas tree
Santa Claus
reindeer
fireplace
snowman
bell
Merry Christmas
ŴŦŵġĴ
ŬŪŵŤũŦůġŢůťġţŢŵũ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊑䊤䉲
䈅䉖䈟䉖䊏䊮
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃䊕䊷䊌䊷
䈎䈶䉖
䈭䈼
䈾䈉䈤䉊䈉
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
䉁䈭䈇䈢
䉇䈎䉖
䉐䈉䈠䈒
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊑䊤䉲
቟ో䊏䊮
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃䊕䊷䊌䊷
⧎↉
㍿
൮ৼ
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
䉁䈭᧼
䉇䈎䉖
ⱼῒ
ńũųŪŴŵŮŢŴ ŸŰųťŴ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
䊃䊅䉦䉟
䈣䉖䉐
䉉䈐䈣䉎䉁
䊔䊦 / 䈜䈝
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
䊃䊅䉦䉟
ᥦἹ
㔐䈣䉎䉁
䊔䊦 / ㋈
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
Lesson 3 – the 䈩 forms
Lesson
3
53
My Loud Mother
the 䈩 forms
Level 㽴
3
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ᣣ᦬Ἣ᳓ᧁ㊄࿯
2. review vocabulary group set 3
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1䋮 learn how the positive and negative command verb form (䈩-form) is used
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1䋮 This lesson is not so difficult if you know how to conjugate verbs into the 䈢-form. If you
do not know, you should learn. Learn the song in the Cool Tools section.
3
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈳䉖
᥅
evening
䈖䈉䈖䈒
ᐢ๔
advertisement
䈎䈟
㘑
wind
䈎䈟
㘑㇎
a cold
䉸䊐䉜䊷
䉸䊐䉜䊷
sofa
䊃䊷䉴䊃
䊃䊷䉴䊃
toast
䈚䉆䈚䉖
౮⌀
photograph
䉇䈜䉂
ભ䉂
day off, a break
䊁䉞䊷䉲䊞䉿
䊁䉞䊷䉲䊞䉿
T-shirt
䈅䈾
䈅䈾
fool; idiot
䈤䉆䉖䈫
䈤䉆䉖䈫
properly
䈗䈟䉖䈤䉈䈉
ඦ೨ਛ
in the morning time
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3
ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦ
ŌŢůūŪġĬ
ņůŨŭŪŴũ
ŕźűŦ
䈚䈝䈎
㕒䈎
quiet
䈭 adjective
3
ŏŦŸġőũųŢŴŦġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ έτȜΒ
Good. / What a relief.
䉋䈎䈦䈢䇯
䉋䈎䈦䈢 literally, this means “was good.” This is a very common phrase and can be used
in place of a variety of commonly used English phrases, such as “Thank God!” or “What a
relief”
3
ňųŢŮŮŢų ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ńũŢůŨŪůŨġŷŦųţŴġŪůŵŰġŵũŦġűŰŴŪŵŪŷŦġ ̀ ŧŰųŮġĩŵũŦġģťŰġŪŵģġŧŰųŮĪġ
In this lesson, the command/request verb form (also called the 䈩 form) is introduced.
There is a pattern for figuring out the 䈩 form of any particular verb.
Conjugating verbs into the 䈩 form is based on the ending hiragana of the dictionary form
of the verb. The 䈩 form formula is only used for regular verbs, since for 䈇䉎/䈋䉎 verbs
you simply switch the last 䉎 to a 䈩.
You will notice that the 䈩 form formula is exactly like the 䈢 form formula introduced in
Lesson 9 of Japanese From Zero! Level 2.
ĩĬĪ̀ ŧŰųŮġŇŰųŮŶŭŢġĩ“ťŰġŪŵ”ġŧŰųŮĪġŧŰųġœņňŖōłœġŷŦųţŴġ
ťŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŧŰųŮġŦůťŪůŨġŸŪŵũġ
ŤũŢůŨŦŴġŪůŵŰġ
䈹䇮䉃䇮䈯
䉖䈪
䈉䇮䈧䇮䉎
䈦䈩
䈒
䈇䈩䇮䈦䈩䋨䈇䈩 is most common䋩
䈓
䈇䈪
䈜
䈚䈩
Most of the time verbs ending in 䈒 change to 䈇䈩, for example 䈎䈒 (to write) changes to
䈎䈇䈩. One of the exceptions is 䈇䈒 (to go), which changes to 䈇䈦䈩.
Lesson 3 – the 䈩 forms
55
‰ ńũŢůŨŪůŨġŷŦųţŴġŪůŵŰġŵũŦġůŦŨŢŵŪŷŦġ ̀ ŧŰųŮġĩŵũŦġģťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵģġŧŰųŮĪġ
This is the pattern to use when making the “don’t do it” form:
œŦŨŶŭŢųġŗŦųţŴġ
䈅 form + 䈭䈇䈪
̞ͥİ̢ͥ ŗŦųţŴġ
drop the 䉎 + 䈭䈇䈪
ġ
ġ
‰ ŔŢŮűŭŦġŤŰůūŶŨŢŵŪŰůŴġŪůŵŰġŵũŦġ ̀ ŧŰųŮŴġ
The verbs in the following list have been conjugated into their 䈩-forms. Cover up the
conjugations and see if you can figure out what they should be by using the patterns
above.
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŧŰųŮġ
œŦŨŶŭŢųġŗŦųţŴġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰġŪŵĪġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵĪġ
to drink
䈱䉃
drink it
䈱䉖䈪
don’t drink it
䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪
to write
䈎䈒
write it
䈎䈇䈩
don’t write it
䈎䈎䈭䈇䈪
to talk
䈲䈭䈜
talk
䈲䈭䈚䈩
don't talk
䈲䈭䈘䈭䈇䈪
to pay
䈲䉌䈉
pay
䈲䉌䈦䈩
don’t pay
䈲䉌䉒䈭䈇䈪
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŧŰųŮġ
̞ͥȟ̢ͥġ ŗŦųţŴġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰġŪŵĪġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵĪġ
to eat
䈢䈼䉎
eat it
䈢䈼䈩
don’t eat it
䈢䈼䈭䈇䈪
to go to bed, sleep
䈰䉎
go to bed
䈰䈩
don’t go to bed
䈰䈭䈇䈪
to get up, wake up
䈍䈐䉎
get up
䈍䈐䈩
don’t get up
䈍䈐䈭䈇䈪
ġ
ġ
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The irregular verbs 䈜䉎 and 䈒䉎 do not follow any pattern that you know to conjugate
them into the 䈩 form. Just take the time and memorize the conjugations.
ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŧŰųŮġ
ŊųųŦŨŶŭŢųġŗŦųţŴġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰġŪŵĪġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵĪġ
to do
䈜䉎
do it
䈚䈩
don’t do it
䈚䈭䈇䈪
to come
䈒䉎
come
䈐䈩
don’t come
䈖䈭䈇䈪
ġ
‰ ŗŦųţŴġŵũŢŵġŦůťġŪůġ ̠ġ
When the dictionary form actually ends with an 䈉, the 䈉 changes to a 䉒 and then 䈭䈇
䈪 is added to it when creating the negative 䈩 form. Here are some verbs that you may
or may not know that end in 䈉.
ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŧŰųŮġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰġŪŵĪġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵĪġ
to buy
䈎䈉
buy it
䈎䈦䈩
don’t buy it
䈎䉒䈭䈇䈪
to say
䈇䈉
say it
䈇䈦䈩
don’t say it
䈇䉒䈭䈇䈪
ġ
‰ ŎŢŬŪůŨġŵũŪůŨŴġűŰŭŪŵŦġŸŪŵũ ̩̺̯̞ġ
By adding 䈒䈣䈘䈇 after the 䈩 forms you make things sound nice by adding please.
The same particle and sentence structure rules of other verb forms are applied when using
the 䈩 form. Examine the sample sentences below.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈢䈼䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
2. 䈖䈱 䈍䉖䈏䈒䉕 䈐䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
3. 䊚䊦䉪䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
4. 䈖䈱䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
5. 䈖䈖䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please eat.
Please listen to this music.
Please buy some milk.
Please buy this car.
Please come here.
6. 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
7. 䉩䊞䊮䊑䊦䉕 䈚䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
8. 䈇䈎䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
9. 䈭䈮䉅 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
10. 䈚䈗䈫䈮 䈍䈒䉏䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please don’t drink that much beer.
Please don’t gamble.
Please don’t go.
Please don’t drink anything.
Please don’t be late to work.
Lesson 3 – the 䈩 forms
3
57
ńŰŰŭġŕŰŰŭġ ·ȜσƂ ΜȜσ
‰ ŕũŦġŴũŰųŵŤŶŵġŧŰųġŮŢŬŪůŨġŵũŦġűŰŴŪŵŪŷŦġ ̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰġŪŵĪġ
As you know, all the 䈢 forms follow a similar pattern introduced in Level 2, Lesson 9 of
Japanese From Zero!. If you have memorized the pattern, or are familiar with the 䈢 forms
(the “did do” form) you know that they all end in 䈢 or 䈣. To make the positive tense of
the 䈩 form (the “do it” form), you just change the 䈢 on the end of 䈢 forms to 䈩 or the
䈣 to 䈪. Look at the following chart.
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŧŰųŮġ
̹ ŧŰųŮġĩťŪťĪġ
̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰġŪŵĪġ
䈇䈒
to go
䈇䈦䈢
went
䈇䈦䈩 䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) go
䈒䉎
to come
䈐䈢
came
䈐䈩 䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) come
䈢䈼䉎
to eat
䈢䈼䈢
ate
䈢䈼䈩 䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) eat it
䈱䉃
to drink
䈱䉖䈣
drank
䈱䉖䈪 䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) drink it
‰ ŕũŦġŴũŰųŵŤŶŵġŧŰųġŮŢŬŪůŨġŵũŦġůŦŨŢŵŪŷŦ ̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵĪġ
There is also a pattern to making the negative 䈩-form (the “don't do it!” form). You simply
just add 䈪 to the 䈭䈇 (the informal “won't do it” form). This should be easy since you
already know the 䈭䈇-form from Japanese From Zero! Book 2.
䈭䈇 form + 䈪
ŗŦųţġ
̞̈́ ŧŰųŮġĩŸŰů’ŵġİġťŰů’ŵĪġ
ůŦŨŢŵŪŷŦ ̀ ŧŰųŮġĩťŰů’ŵġťŰġŪŵĪġ
䈇䈒
to go
䈇䈎䈭䈇
won’t go
䈇䈎䈭䈇䈪䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) don’t go
䈒䉎
to come
䈖䈭䈇
won’t come
䈖䈭䈇䈪䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) don’t come
䈢䈼䉎
to eat
䈢䈼䈭䈇
won’t eat
䈢䈼䈭䈇䈪䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) don’t eat it
䈱䉃
to drink
䈱䉁䈭䈇
won’t drink
䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䋨䈒䈣䈘䈇䋩
(please) don’t drink it
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‰ ŕũŦġňœņłŕņŔŕġŤŰŰŭġŵŰŰŭġŧŰųġųŦŮŦŮţŦųŪůŨġŵũŦ ̀ġ Ţůť ̹ ŧŰųŮŴġ
Here is the best way to remember how to conjugate the verbs into the 䈩 and 䈢 forms.
Just memorize this song. It should work to help you recall how to convert the verbs into the
䈩 and 䈢 forms. For the 䈢 forms you change 䈩 to 䈢 and 䈪 to 䈣.
ŕũŦġ ̀ġ Ţůťġ ̹ġ ŴŰůŨġ(sung to the melody of Silver Bells)ġ
䈹䇮䉃䇮䈯 䉖䈪
䈉䇮䈧䇮䉎 䈦䈩
䈒 䈇䈩 䈓䈇䈪
䈜 䈚䈩
3
are the 䈩 and 䈢-forms
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņ
A WORD OF ADVICE: You will notice that as you understand more and more Japanese,
sometimes the literal translation of the sentence into English doesn’t make much sense. It is at
this point that you should concentrate on translating sentences into the equivalent sentence
rather then the literal sentence. Remember, your job when translating or interpreting is to make
the listener understand what the point of the conversation is and not to confuse them with
useless direct translations.
Because the meaning of so many Japanese words change depending on the context of the
dialogue, you must also remember to keep track of the past dialogue and try not to translate
sentences independently of other sentences in the dialogue. In the following 䊚䊆䈎䈇䉒, pay
attention to the whole of the conversation and not just the current sentence when translating.
1. Informal conversation between a boyfriend and girlfriend
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䉉䈶䉒䉕 䈎䈦䈩䋣
䈍䈎䈰䈏 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈭䈇䉋䇯
䈐䈱䈉䇮䈚䉖䈹䉖䈱 䈖䈉䈖䈒䈪 䉇䈜䈇䈱䈏 䈅䈦䈢䉋䇯
䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䈛䉆䈅䇮䈎䈉䉋䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Buy me a ring!
I don’t have that much money.
Yesterday, there were cheap ones in the newspaper ads.
OK. Well then, I will buy it.
Lesson 3 – the 䈩 forms
2. Polite conversation between two roommates
A䋺 䉅䈉 䊙䊣䊈䊷䉵䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
B䋺 䈇䉁䈎䉌䇮䈍䉂䈞䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䉋䇯䈎䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䈎䇯
A䋺 䉋䈎䈦䈢䇯䈛䉆䇮䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈬䉖䈭䈱䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈍䈍䈐䈇䊙䊣䊈䊷䉵䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
B䋺 䈲䈇䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
We don’t have any more mayonnaise.
I am going to the store right now. Shall I buy some?
Good. Well, then get some please. (literally: “I request it.”)
What kind would you like?
Please buy the large size mayonnaise. (literally “a big mayonnaise”)
Okay
3. Polite conversation between two classmates
A䋺 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈚䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
B䋺 䈇䈇䈪䈜䉋䇯䈬䈖䈪 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈇䈋䈪 䈚䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
B䋺 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯䈭䉖䈛䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈗䈟䉖䈤䉈䈉䈲 䈣䉄䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈛䉆䇮ੑ䈛䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
Let’s do the homework together.
Okay. Where will we do it?
Let’s do it at my house.
That sounds good. What time is good? I’m tied up (busy) in the morning.
Well then, come at two o’clock.
4. Polite conversation between friends
A: ᳓䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈛䈎䉖䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
B: 䈲䈇䇮䈜䈖䈚 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
A: 䈛䉆䇮䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
B: 䈭䉖䈛䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
A: ྾䈛䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
A:
B:
A:
B:
A:
Do you have time on Wednesday?
Yes, I have a little.
Okay then come to my house.
What time is good?
Come at four.
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ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 Why aren’t you coming on Friday?
B䋺 I am busy at work. Please understand!
A䋺 䈭䉖䈪 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈖䈭䈇䈱䋿
B䋺 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈇䈠䈏䈚䈇䇯䉒䈎䈦䈩䋣
2. Polite conversation between acquaintances on the telephone. B is higher in status.
A䋺 Hello. Do you have any Japanese dictionaries?
B䋺 Yes we do. Would you like to see them?
A䋺 Yes. Please. I’ll be there at six o’clock. Is that all right?
B䋺 Six o’clock is no good. Please come at five.
A䋺 Okay.
B䋺 Don’t be late.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䉅䈚䉅䈚䇮䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱 䈛䈚䉊䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈅䉍䉁䈜䉋䇯䉂䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈲䈇䇯䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯౐䈛䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
౐䈛䈲 䈣䉄䈪䈜䇯੖䈛䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䉒䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈍䈒䉏䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
3. Polite conversation with a friend who is sleeping over
A䋺 How many beds do you have?
B䋺 One.
A䋺 Well then, I will sleep on the sofa.
B䋺 I will sleep on the sofa. You sleep on the bed.
A䋺 Thanks.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䊔䉾䊄䈲 䈇䈒䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
৻䈧 䈪䈜䇯
䈛䉆䇮䉒䈢䈚䈲 䉸䊐䉜䊷䈪 䈰䉁䈜䇯
䉒䈢䈚䈏 䉸䊐䉜䊷䈪 䈰䉁䈜䇯䈅䈭䈢䈲 䊔䉾䊄䈪 䈰䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈅䉍䈏䈫䈉䇯
Lesson 3 – the 䈩 forms
4. Polite conversation between co-workers
A: Do you have work the day after tomorrow?
B: No, I am off.
B: Won’t you eat at McDonald’s with me?
A: Okay. What time is good?
B: Five o'clock is good.
A: Okay then, please be in front of the bank at four forty.
B: Okay.
A:
B:
B:
A:
B:
A:
B:
䈅䈘䈦䈩 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉇䈜䉂䈪䈜䇯
䉒䈢䈚䈫 䊙䉪䊄䊅䊦䊄䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯
䈇䈇䈪䈜䉋䇯䈭䉖䈛䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
੖䈛䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈛䉆䇮྾䈛 ྾ච䈺䉖䈮 䈑䉖䈖䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈮 䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䉒䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
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œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲
㽳
㽴
㽵
㽶
㽷
㽸
䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈭䉁䈋䈲 䉋䈚䈋䈪䈜䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈱 䈭䉁䈋䈲 䈚䈝䈎䈪䈜䇯
䈋䈇䈗䈪 䈚䈝䈎䈱 䈇䉂䈲 䇸quiet䇹 䈪䈜䇯
䈪䉅䇮䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲 䈫䈩䉅 䈉䉎䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈅䈘䈎䉌 䈳䉖䉁䈪 䈉䉎䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉂䈭䈘䉖䇮䈐䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈢䈫䈋䈳 䈅䈘䈱 䈎䈇䉒䈲 䈖䉏䈪䈜䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䋺
䉋䈚䈋䇮䈍䈐䈩䇯䉅䈉䇮౎䈛䉋䇯
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䋺
䈋䈋䇮䉅䈉 ౎䈛䋿 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈮 䈍䈒䉏䉎䋣
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䋺
䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈰䇯
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䋺
䈛䈎䉖䈏 䈭䈇䈎䉌 䉅䈉 䈇䈒䇯䈖䈱䉍䉖䈗䈲 䈒䉎䉁䈱
䈭䈎䈪 䈢䈼䉎䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䋺
䈣䉄䈣䉄䇮䊚䊦䉪䉅 䈱䉖䈪䋣
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䋺
䈲䈇䇮䈲䈇䇯䈇䈦䈩䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䋺
䈇䈦䈩䉌䈦䈚䉆䈇䇯
Lesson 3 – activities
3
63
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㩷
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪐㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
ġ
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈭䉁䈋䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈋䈇䈗䈪㩷 䈚䈝䈎䈱㩷 䈇䉂䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈚䈝䈎䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈮㩷 䈍䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈱䉂䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䇸䈇䈦䈩䈐䉁䈜䇹䈲㩷 䈋䈇䈗䈪㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䇸䈇䈦䈩䉌䈦䈚䉆䈇䇹䈲㩷 䈋䈇䈗䈪㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġŅųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹįġ 䊚䊦䉪䉕㩷 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
Æ to drink㩷 㩷
䊚䊦䉪䉕㩷 䈱䉖䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
Æ juice㩷
㩷
䉳䊠䊷䉴䉕㩷 䈱䉖䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
Æ water㩷
㩷
䉂䈝䉕㩷 䈱䉖䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷 㩷
Æ don’t㩷
㩷
䉂䈝䉕㩷 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
㪈㪅 䈮䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈇䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ to return
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ to come
㩷
Æ America
㩷
Æ don’t
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 䈠䈖䈪㩷 䈪䉖䉒䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ to shop
㩷
Æ to eat
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ over there
㩷
Æ don’t
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈮䈾䉖䈗䉕㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ to read
㩷
Æ to write
㩷
Æ to listen to
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ don’t
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 3 – activities
65
㪋㪅 䈖䈱 㪚㪛 䉕㩷 䈐䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ to buy
㩷
Æ this dictionary
㩷
Æ that magazine
㩷
Æ don’t
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ őųŢŤŵŪŤŦġ
Look at the pictures below and give them some advice using 㨪ߡߊߛߐ޿ or 㨪ߥ޿ߢ
ߊߛߐ޿.
1
He is drinking
too much!
2
He is very late!
3
He is eating
way too much!
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4
She didn’t hear
her alarm!
5
He is nervous
about the first day.
6
He is maxing out
his credit cards!
‰ ŕųŢůŴŭŢŵŪŰůġ
Translate the following sentences using the correct 䈩 form of the verb.
1.
㩷
㩷
㩷
2.
㩷
㩷
㩷
Please ask a question in Japanese.㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Please don’t go to that restaurant over there.㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 3 – activities
3. Please buy (me) this ring.
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
4.
㩷
㩷
㩷
5.
㩷
㩷
㩷
6.
㩷
㩷
67
㩷
Please don’t sell my car.
㩷
㩷
㩷
Please come to my house at five.㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Please don’t come to class on Wednesday.
㩷
㩷
㩷
Please read this Japanese newspaper.㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Please go to bed now (already).㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
7.
㩷
㩷
㩷
8.
㩷
㩷
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Kanji Lesson
4
অ
‫ݝ‬ષ‫ئ‬ऒֲ
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji – these will help you
memorize the different readings.
1
3
5
2
4
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉇䈜
6
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉨䊠䉡
6 strokes
1
2
3
3 strokes
1
2
3
3 strokes
2
1
3
4
5
5 strokes
䉇䈜䉂
䈐䉈䈉䊶䈔䈇
ભ䉂
ભᙑ
a break
day off,
holiday
䉇䈜䊶䉃
䈭䈧䊶䉇䈜䊶䉂
䈰䉖䊶䈛䉈䈉䊶䉃䊶䈐䉈䈉
ભ䉃
ᄐભ䉂
ᐕਛήભ
to take a
break
summer
vacation
open all year
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈉䈋䇮䈉䉒䇮䈎䉂䇮䈅䇮䈱䈿
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉳䊢䉡䇮䉲䊢䉡
䈉䈋
䈉䉒䊶䈑
䈱䈿䊶䉎
਄
਄⌕
up, above
jacket,
overcoat
䈎䉂䊶䈲䉖䊶䈐
䈅䊶䈏䉎
䈛䉊䈉䊶䈵䉖
਄䉎
਄ඨᦼ
਄䈏䉎
਄ຠ
to climb up
first half of the
year
to go up
elegant
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈚䈢䇮䈚䉅䇮䉅䈫䇮䈘䇮䈒䈣䇮䈍
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉦䇮䉭
䈚䈢
䈕䊶䈜䈇
䈎䊶䉍䉈䈉
䈒䈣䊶䈘䈇
䈘䊶䈕䉎
䈍䊶䉐䈜
ਅ
ਅ᳓
ਅᵹ
ਅ䈘䈇
ਅ䈕䉎
ਅ䉐䈜
down, below
sewage
down stream
please
to lower
to take down
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈵䈣䉍
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉰
䈵䈣䉍
䈘䊶䈞䈧
䈵䈣䉍䊶䈩
䈵䈣䉍䊶䈏䉒
䈵䈣䉍䊶䈉䈋
Ꮐ
Ꮐ᛬
Ꮐᚻ
Ꮐ஥
Ꮐ਄
Ꮐฝ
upper left
left and
right
left
left turn
left hand
left side
䈘䊶䉉䈉
Lesson 4 – kanji activities
1
2
4
5
5 strokes
অ
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉂䈑
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉡䇮䊡䉡
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䉂䈑
䉂䈑䊶䈏䉒
䉂䈑䊶䈩
䈉䊶䈞䈧
䉂䈑䊶䈚䈢
䉂䈑䊶䈐䈐
ฝ
ฝ஥
ฝᚻ
ฝ᛬
ฝਅ
ฝ೑䈐
right
right side
right hand
right turn
lower right
right-handed
ŘųŪŵŪůŨġőŰŪůŵŴġ ̥̩εͼϋΠ
‰ ŎŦŮŰųŪŻŪůŨġ ऒġ Ţůťġ ֲġ ŴŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
You may have noticed that the kanji for “left” and “right” are very similar. It is hard to
remember which one of them has the first stroke across and which one is down. Getting the
stroke order wrong will not be accepted on the Kanji Proficiency Test (Kanji Kentei). If you
memorize the next phrase, you shouldn’t have any more trouble remembering the stroke
order:
ŅŰŸůųŪŨũŵġōŦŧŵŰŷŦųŴġ
Hopefully this makes sense to you. The kanji for “right” starts with the stroke going down
and the kanji for “left” starts with the horizontal line going to the right (or over).
‰ ŘũŪŤũġŰůŦġŪŴġŭŦŧŵġŢůťġŸũŪŤũġŰůŦġŪŴġųŪŨũŵŀġ
It is common for students of kanji to mistake the kanji for “right” and “left” since they are so
similar. There is a sneaky way to remember which one is which. This trick involves using
the katakana 䊨 (ro). Since the katakana 䊨 starts with an “R” sound, it is easy to
remember that the kanji with the small 䊨 in it means “right.”
The kanji for right has a katakana 䊨 (ro)
in it. Use this to distinguish it from the
kanji for left. Ro starts with R for right.
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অ
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
the words, and learn new words at the same time.
߿ߔ
‫!͚ݝ‬
to rest㩷
߈ࠀ߁ߓߟ
‫ ݝ‬඾!
holiday㩷
‫͚ݝ‬
‫ݝ‬඾
Lesson 4 – kanji activities
߁߃
ષ!
up, top
㩷
ߒߚ
‫!ئ‬
down, bottom
71
ષ
‫ئ‬
߭ߛࠅ
ऒ!
ऒ
left
㩷 㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 ߺ߉
㩷 㩷ֲ
㩷 㩷 !㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ֲ
㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
right㩷
㩷
㩷 ߩ߷
ષͥ
㩷 ષͥ!
to climb㩷
㩷
㩷 ߓࠂ߁ߍ
ષ‫!ئ‬
㩷 up and down㩷 ષ ‫ئ‬
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷 㩷 ߭ߛࠅ߁߃
㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
ऒ ષ! ऒ ષ
㩷 upper left㩷
㩷
ߺ߉ߒߚ
㩷 ֲ‫!ئ‬
ֲ‫ئ‬
㩷 bottom right㩷
㩷 ߐࠁ߁
㩷 ऒֲ!
ऒֲ
left and right㩷
㩷
㩷 ߊߛ
㩷 㩷‫ئ‬
㩷 㩷̯̞!
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷‫ئ‬
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷̯
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷̞
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
please㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
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‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
䈛䉈䈉
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷䈐
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈚䈢
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
1.
㩷
㩷
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
䈱
䈛䉈䈉
䈇䈤
䈮 䈵䈫䈏
䈏䈧
䈎
2.
䉇䈜
䈲
䈬
3.
䈶
䈛䉈䈉
䉋䈉
䈲
4. 䊁䊷䊑䊦䈱
䈛䈮 䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䉎䇯
䉋䉖
䉁䈇 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䉃䈦
䈮 䈇䈜䈏
䈛䉊䈉
䈛䉈䈉
䈮 䈎䉂䈏
䈵䈣䉍
5.
䉂䈪䈜䇯
䈮
䈉䈋
䈕
䈘
䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䉉䈉
6.
㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉂䈦
䈮䉖䇮䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈒䈣
䉕 䉋䈒 䉂䈩
䈐䉖
7. 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱
䈶
䉋䈉
䈘䈇䇯
䉇䈜
䈮
䈒䈣
䉁䈭䈇䈪
䈘䈇䇯
Lesson 4 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ᣣ᦬Ἣ᳓ᧁ㊄࿯䇮ભ਄ਅᏀฝ
㩷
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74
㩷
㩷
㩷
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E
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
grave
bat
devil
skeleton
ghost
blood
F
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
wedding ring
bouquet
wedding cake
wedding dress
divorce
lawyer
heart
wine
red wine
rose wine
white wine
champagne
㩷
㩷
ŴŦŵġĵ
VOCABULARY GROUPS
ŴŤŢųźġŸŰųťŴġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䋨䈍䋩䈲䈎
䈖䈉䉅䉍
䈅䈒䉁
䈏䈇䈖䈧
䈍䈳䈔
䈤
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
Ⴤ
䈖䈉䉅䉍
ᖡ㝷
㜈㛽
䈍ൻ䈔
ⴊ
ŮŢųųŪŢŨŦġŸŰųťŴġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈔䈦䈖䉖䉉䈶䉒
䊑䊷䉬
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
䉍䈖䉖
䈼䉖䈗䈚
䊊䊷䊃
䊪䉟䊮
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
⚿ᇕᜰベ
䊑䊷䉬
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
㔌ᇕ
ᑯ⼔჻
䊊䊷䊃
䊪䉟䊮
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
Lesson 4 – expressing opinion
Lesson
4
75
The Concert
expressing opinion
Level 㽴
4
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ભ਄ਅᏀฝ
2. review vocabulary groups set 4
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn how to express your opinion and relay what someone else has said.
4
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈬䈉
䉂䈎䉂
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃
䊐䉜䊮
䈉䈢
䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉
䉍䉊䈉䈾䈉
䈢䈒䈘䉖
䈟䉖䈹
䈭䈮䉅
4
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䈬䈉
ਃ਄
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃
䊐䉜䊮
᱌
ળ႐
ਔᣇ
䈢䈒䈘䉖
ోㇱ
૗䉅
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
how, what
(common Japanese last name)
concert
a fan
song
(concert) hall
both (items or objects)
a lot, many, much
all
anything, nothing
ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
̹ĮŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈍䉅䈉
ᕁ䈉
䈍䉅䈦䈢
to think
regular
䈇䈉
⸒䈉
䈇䈦䈢
to say, speak, tell
regular
䉁䈧
ᓙ䈧
䉁䈦䈢
to wait
regular
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4
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̤̠͜ġ ĩŵŰġŵũŪůŬĪġ
䈍䉅䈉 uses a particle that we have not discussed: 䈫. This 䈫 is totally unrelated to the
“and” and the “with” meanings of 䈫. We will call it the thought-, opinion-, quotation-marker,
for lack of a better name. Anything that is thought or said is marked with 䈫. The 䈫 must
come after the thought.
ŜŵũŰŶŨũŵĭġŰűŪůŪŰůĭġŲŶŰŵŢŵŪŰůŞġ ͂ġ ̤̠͜
ġ ĩũŦİŴũŦİŊĪġŵũŪůŬĩŴĪġŜŵũŰŶŨũŵİŰűŪůŪŰůŞġ
In sentences using 䈍䉅䈉, the phrase that makes up the thought must be in informal form.
Even 䈪䈜 should be conjugated to 䈣. Look at the following examples to see how this verb
is used:
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈅䈚䈢䈲 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈐䉊䈉䈱 䈚䈗䈫䈲 䈭䉖䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
3. 䈅䈭䈢䈣䈫 䈍䉅䉒䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯
I think tomorrow is Friday.
What do you think today's work is?
I didn't think it was you. (informal)
㩷㩷
‰ ̞̠ġ ĩŵŰġŴŢźĪġ ġ
䈇䈉 is used exactly as 䈍䉅䈉 is used. Any phrase being quoted is followed by the 䈫
particle, and normally the phrase being quoted is stated in the informal form.
ŜűũųŢŴŦŞġ ͂ġ ̞̠
ġ ŴŢźġŜűũųŢŴŦŞġ
ġ
Remember that even 䈪䈜 is converted to it's informal form 䈣. If it was 䈪䈚䈢 it could
convert to 䈣䈦䈢.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1䋮 䈎䉏䈲 䈒䉂䈖䈘䉖䈏 䈜䈐䈣䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
He said that he likes Kumiko.
2䋮 䉌䈇᦬䇮䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈇䈒䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
(She) said she was going to Tokyo next month.
3䋮 䈖䈉䈋䉖䈮 䈇䈯䈏 ਃ䈶䈐 䈇䉎䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
(They) said that there were three dogs in the park.
Lesson 4 – expressing opinion
77
‰ ̾͘ġ ĩŵŰġŸŢŪŵĪġ
The thing or person you are waiting for is marked with the object marker 䉕. The place you
are waiting at is marked with the event location marker 䈪.
ŜŵũŪůŨİűŦųŴŰůŞġ ͬġ ̾͘
ŸŢŪŵġŧŰųġŜŵũŪůŨİűŦųŴŰůŞġ
ġ ŜűŭŢŤŦŞġ ́ġ ̾͘ġ
ŸŢŪŵġŢŵġŜűŭŢŤŦŞġ
ġ
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈎䈭䈋䈘䉖䉕 䉁䈤䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
Let's wait for Kanae.
2. 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈪 䈘䉖䈛䈎䉖䇮䉁䈤䉁䈚䈢䇯
I waited for three hours in front of the school.
4
ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŋŢűŢůŦŴŦġŲŶŰŵŢŵŪŰůġŮŢųŬŴġ
Japanese quotation marks look like 䇸this䇹 and are used in the same way as English
quotation marks. They are generally only used when you are quoting someone’s words,
and are not usually used for ideas.
‰ ŕũŦġ“ŲŶŰŵŦġŢůťġŵũŰŶŨũŵ”ġŮŢųŬŦų ͂ġ
When you are including a thought, idea, or quote in a sentence, it must be following with
the particle 䈫. The particle 䈫, from now on referred to as the thought-marker, opinion
marker, or quotation-marker, is often used with the verbs 䈍䉅䈉 (to think), 䈇䈉 (to say),
and 䈐䈒 (to hear).
‰ ŕũŦġűŢųŵŪŤŭŦġ ͂ġ ŸŪŵũġŵũŦġŷŦųţġ ̞̠ġ ĩŵŰġŴŢźĭġŵŦŭŭĪġ
When using 䇸something䇹 䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈜, anything can be inside the quotation marks.
ȶŵũŪůŨġŵũŢŵġŸŢŴġŴŢŪťȷĬġ ͂ġ ̞̞̱̹͘ȃġ
ŜŴŰŮŦŰůŦŞġŴŢŪťġģŵũŪůŨġŵũŢŵġŸŢŴġŴŢŪťģġ
ġ
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The sentence that is being quoted sounds more natural if the verb in it is changed to its
informal version. For example, 䈇䈐䉁䈜 should be changed to 䈇䈒, and 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢 should
be changed to 䈢䈼䈢.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦ㩷 ŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ġ
1. 䊊䊮䉵䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䊄䉟䉿䈮䈎䈋䉎䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Hans said he was going to return to Germany.
2.
䉁䉍䈎䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䈐䈱䈉 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈱䉖䈣䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Marika said she drank a lot of beer yesterday.
3.
䉒䈢䈚䈱䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲 䇸䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈇䈎䈭䈇䈪䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
My father said, “Do not go to America.”
4.
䈭䉖䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
What did you say?
‰ ŕũŦġűŢųŵŪŤŭŦġ ͂ġ ŸŪŵũġŵũŦġŷŦųţġ ̤̠͜ġ ĩŵŰġŵũŪůŬĪġ
When using㩷 䇸something䇹㩷 䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜, all verbs in the quotations should also be used in
their informal versions. In the following examples we are assuming that the speakers are
referring to themselves. Quotation marks may or may not be used in sentences that are
expressing thoughts, opinions, or quotations.
䇸thought / opinion䇹 + 䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
[someone] thinks "thought/opinion"
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䊃䊛䈫 䉳䉢䊆䊷䈲 䉍䈖䉖䈜䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think Tom and Jenny will divorce.
2. 䊏䉱䉕 䈢䈼䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think I will eat pizza.
3. 䈵䈖䈉䈐䉕 䈎䈉䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think I will buy an airplane.
4. 䈍㊄䈏 䈭䈇䈎䉌 䈔䈦䈖䉖䉉䈶䉒䉕 䈉䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
Since I have no money, I think I will sell my wedding ring.
ġ
Lesson 4 – expressing opinion
79
‰ ŕũŦġűŢųŵŪŤŭŦġ ͂ġ ŸŪŵũġŵũŦġŷŦųţġ ̧̩ġ ĩŵŰġũŦŢųĪġ
When saying 䇸something䇹 䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢, all verbs in the quotations should be used in their
informal versions. In the following examples we are assuming that the speakers are
referring to themselves. Again, quotation marks may or may not be used in sentences that
are expressing the thoughts, opinions, and quotations.
䇸thing that was heard䇹 + 䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
[someone] heard "thing that was heard"
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
You can use the particle 䈎䉌 or 䈮 to mean “from” in sentences like “I heard from…”
1. 䈐䉊䈉䈱 䉋䉎䇮৾䈛䈮 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈅䉎䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard there was work from seven tonight.
2. 䈐䉊䈉䇮䉒䈢䈚䈱 䊗䉴䈎䉌 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈭䈇䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard from my boss that there is no work today.
3. 䈖䈳䉇䈚䈘䉖䈮 䉳䉢䊐䈘䉖䈫 䈘䉋䈖䈘䉖䈏 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈜䉎䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard from Kobayashi that Jeff and Sayoko are going to get married.
‰ ŘũŦůġ ̳́ġ ŦůťŴġŵũŦġŴŦůŵŦůŤŦġţŦŪůŨġŲŶŰŵŦťġŰųġŪťŦŢġ
When the sentence being quoted ends in 䈪䈜, don't forget to change 䈪䈜 to the informal
䈣. Similiarly, if the sentence ends in 䈪䈚䈢, it should be changed to the informal 䈣䈦䈢.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈇䈇䈒䉎䉁䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think it's a nice car.
2. 䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖䈲 䈜䈚䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈣䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Tanaka said that he dislikes sushi.
3. 䈐䈱䈉䈲 䈅䈭䈢䈱 䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䈣䈦䈢䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard that yesterday was your birthday.
4. 䈞䉖䈞䈇䈲 ਃච੖䈘䈇䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think our teacher is 35 years old.
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‰ ŖŴŪůŨġŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġŸŪŵũ ̞̠Ȃ̤̠͜ Ţůť ̧̩ġ
In sentences where an adjective exists, 䈪䈜 is removed from the sentence.
ġ
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ġ
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think it is good.
2. 䈖䉏䈲 䈍䈇䈚䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I thinks this tastes good.
3. 䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖䈲 䉇䈘䈚䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think Mr. Tanaka is kind.
4. 䈢䈣䈘䉖䈲 䈅䈧䈇䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Mr. Tada said it is hot.
5. 䈐䈱䈉 䊨䊮䊄䊮䈲 䈘䉃䈎䈦䈢䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard London was cold yesterday.
6. 䈠䈱䊪䉟䊮䈲 䈍䈇䈚䈒䈭䈇䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard that wine doesn’t taste good.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ̈́͜ͅġ
䈭䈮䉅 is always used with negative verbs or adjectives. In the following examples we are
assuming that the speakers are referring to themselves:
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈭䈮䉅 䈎䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
2. 䈭䈮䉅 䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇䇯
3. 䈭䈮䉅 䈉䉍䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
4. 䈭䈮䉅 䈭䈇䇯
5. 䈭䈮䉅 䈇䉒䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
6. 䈭䈮䉅 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
7. 䈭䈮䉅 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
8. 䈭䈮䉅 䉋䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
I won't buy anything.
I don't understand anything.
I didn't sell anything.
There isn't anything. / It's nothing.
Don't say anything please.
Don't drink anything please.
Nothing is new.
Nothing is good.
‰ ŕũŦġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŸŰųťġ ̠̓ġ
䈬䈉 means “how” or “what,” depending on the context. It is also very commonly used when
asking someone's opinion.
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ̜ġ
9. 䈬䈉 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
10. 䈅䈚䈢䇮䈬䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
11. 䈚䈗䈫䈲 䈬䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯
What do you think?
What will you do tomorrow?
How is work?
Lesson 4 – expressing opinion
81
‰ ŅŪťġźŰŶġŵũŪůŬġŵũŢŵġŋŢűŢůŦŴŦġũŢťġůŰġűŭŶųŢŭŴŀġ
Initially you learned that Japanese doesn’t have any plurals. That is mostly true.
But there are plurals that are made using 䈢䈤 after certain words. 䈢䈤 is normally used
with people and is only used with non-living things when they’re being given human
characteristics like 䈾䈚䈢䈤䈏 䈾䈾䈋䉂䉁䈚䈢 (stars smiled). The most common plurals:
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
䈅䉒䈢䈚䈢䈤
䈅䈭䈢䈢䈤
䈞䈇䈫䈢䈤
䈞䉖䈞䈇䈢䈤
us, we
you (guys)
students
teachers
‰ ̹̻ ŢŧŵŦųġůŢŮŦŴġ
When 䈢䈤 comes after a name, as in 䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖䈢䈤, it means that 䈢䈭䈎 is part of a
group and he is being used to describe that group or is a representative of that group.
4
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņ
Using a piece of paper cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the entire Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you
move the paper to reveal the English and check your translation.
1. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 䈖䉏䈲 䈇䈒䉌䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ජੑ⊖䈋䉖䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈢䈎䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
B䋺 䈇䈇䈋䇮䉇䈜䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
How much is this?
It’s ¥1200.
It is expensive.
No, I think it is cheap.
2. Polite conversation between friends at a car lot
A䋺 䈖䈱䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈬䈉 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈇䉐䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
A䋺 What do you think of this car?
B䋺 I think the color is good.
A䋺 I don’t like it very much.
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3. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 䈇䉁䇮䈭䉖䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䈅䈭䈢䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈣䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䈋䈦䋣 䈭䈮䋣
B䋺 䈇䈇䈋䇮䈭䈮䉅…
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What did you say just now?
I said I dislike you.
What!?
No, nothing…
4. Polite conversation between classmates
A䋺 䈐䈱䈉䇮䈞䉖䈞䈇䈲 䈭䉖䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 ౎䈛䈎䉌 䊁䉴䊃䈏 䈅䉎䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䊁䉴䊃䈏 䈣䈇䈐䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
B䋺 䉒䈢䈚䉅㵺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
4
What did the teacher say yesterday?
(He) said there is a test from eight o’clock.
I hate tests.
Me too.
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Polite conversation with a friend who may or may not be hard of hearing
A䋺 You’re a fool.
B䋺 What did you say?
A䋺 I said I am hungry.
B䋺 I thought that you said I was a fool.
A䋺 I didn't say that!
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈅䈾䈪䈜䈰䇯
䈭䉖䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
䈍䈭䈎䈏 䈜䈇䈢䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䈾䈣䈫 䈇䈦䈢䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈇䈇䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䉋䇯
Lesson 4 – expressing opinion
2. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 Please wait here.
B䋺 About how long will I wait?
A䋺 Please wait about three minutes.
B䋺 Okay, I understand.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈖䈖䈪 䉁䈦䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䉁䈤䉁䈜䈎䇯
ਃ䈺䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䉁䈦䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
䈲䈇䇮䉒䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 Which one do you think is good?
B䋺 I think this one is good. What about you?
A䋺 I like both of them.
A䋺 䈬䉏䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈖䉏䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯 䈅䈭䈢䈲䋿
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䉍䉊䈉䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
4
œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
ߺ߆ߺ
㽲㩷 䈐䉊䈉䇮䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 ਃ ਄ 䈔䉖䈱 䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
㽳㩷 䉒䈢䈚䈲 ਃ਄䈔䉖䈱 䈉䈢䈏 䈣䈇䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
㽴 CD 䈏 䈟䉖䈹 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
㽵 ਃ਄䈔䉖䈲 䊐䉜䊮䈏 䈫䈦䈩䉅 䈍䈍䈇䈎䉌䇮ਃ䈎᦬䉁䈋䈮 䉼䉬䉾䊃䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽶 䉼䉬䉾䊃䈲 ੖ජ౎⊖䈋䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
㽷 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈲 䈢䈎䈇䈫 䈇䈦䈢䈔䈬䇮䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈢䈎䈒䈭䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽸 䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈲 ਻䈛䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
㽹 䉒䈢䈚䈢䈤䈲 ౎䈛䈎䉌 䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈪 䉁䈤䉁䈜䇯
㽺 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱 䈇䈋䈎䉌 䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉䉁䈪 䈒䉎䉁䈪 ৻䈛䈎䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽻 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈲 䈇䈋䈮 ౐䈛੖ච䈺䉖䉁䈪 䈇䉎䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽼 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱 䈒䉎䉁䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
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4
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
ġ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
䈐䉊䈉䇮䉒䈚䉆㩷 (see note above)䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䈟䇮䉂䈎䉂䈔䉖䈱㩷 䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇䈧㩷 䉼䉬䉾䊃䉕㩷 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䉼䉬䉾䊃䈲㩷 䈇䈒䉌䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䈣䉏䈏㩷 䉼䉬䉾䊃䈲㩷 䈢䈎䈇䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈲㩷 䉼䉬䉾䊃䈏㩷 䈢䈎䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉌䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈲㩷 ౎䈛䈎䉌㩷 ਻䈛䉁䈪㩷 䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱㩷 䈇䈋䈎䉌㩷 䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉䉁䈪䇮䈒䉎䉁䈪㩷 䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈲㩷 䈇䈋䈮㩷 䈭䉖䈛䉁䈪㩷 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 4 – activities
85
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġŅųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹį㩷 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮䈇䈎䈭䈇䈪䇹䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷 Æ don’t drink beer㩷
䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䊎䊷䊦䉕䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䇹䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷 Æ please eat breakfast㩷 㩷
䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䉕䈢䈼䈩䇹䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ please return to Japan㩷
䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䈮䈾䉖䈮䈎䈋䈦䈩䇹䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ don’t go to the concert㩷
䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䇸䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈮䈇䈎䈭䈇䈪䇹䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㪈㪅 䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 䈎䈉䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷Æ sell my computer
㩷
㩷Æ read this book
㩷
㩷Æ sleep until noon
㩷
㩷Æ won’t watch a movie
㩷
㩷Æ won’t go to school
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈏㩷 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈜䉎䈫㩷 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷Æ will go to China
㩷
㩷Æ drank a lot of beer
㩷
㩷Æ bought a new car
㩷
㩷Æ shops at that store
㩷
㩷Æ wrote a book
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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㪊㪅 䈭䈮䉅㩷 䉒䈎䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷Æ won’t buy anything
㩷
㩷Æ won’t eat anything
㩷
㩷Æ didn’t do anything
㩷
㩷Æ didn’t read anything
㩷
㩷Æ didn’t hear anything㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŕųŢůŴŭŢŵŪŰůġ
Fill in the blanks and translate the resulting sentences into Japanese.
㩷
ņŹį I think I will study tonight.㩷
I think I won’t study tonight.
㩷 㩷
䈚䈭䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
䈖䉖䉇䇮㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈜
䈜䉎䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷 䈖䉖䉇䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚
㩷
1. I think my Japanese class is
㩷
㩷
Translation: 㩷
2.
㩷
㩷
㩷
3.
㩷
㩷
㩷
4.㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
5.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
I think 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 is beautiful.㩷
Translation: 㩷
I think 㩷
㩷
doesn’t taste good.
㩷
Translation: 㩷
I think I will㩷 㩷
㩷
Translation: 㩷
I think I won’t㩷 㩷
㩷
Translation: 㩷
㩷 this Saturday㪅㩷
㩷
㩷 this Sunday㪅㩷
Lesson 4 – activities
6.
㩷
㩷
㩷
7.
㩷
㩷
I think my mom likes㩷 㩷
㩷
Translation: 㩷
I heard㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
87
㩷
㩷 dislikes fish㪅㩷
Translation: 㩷
8. I heard there are lots of㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 Translation: 㩷
㩷 in Japan㪅㩷
㩷
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㩷
㩷 COMMENTARY
㩷
ŐųŪŨŪůŢŭŭźġőŰŴŵŦťġŰůġŚŦŴŋŢűŢůįŤŰŮġ
George Trombley Jr.
ŘũŦůġ ŸŪŭŭġ Ŋġ ţŦġ ŧŭŶŦůŵŀ
ŘũŦůġŸŪŭŭġŊġţŦġŧŭŶŦůŵŀġ
This is the magic question, and normally the first question that I am asked by a new student. Of
course it is impossible to answer this question with an exact date, since all students are
different in terms of study habits and access to Japanese influences.
The answer to this question lies in the definition of fluency. I easily qualify as fluent. I can
understand just about any Japanese thrown my way and even earn a very nice living as an
interpreter. But since when was I fluent? The honest answer is that I don't remember. I
remember not being able to speak Japanese but I cannot recall the magical day when I
qualified as fluent – which leads us to the answer to this question.
Fluency is not something that you can earn like a black belt in karate. You won't all of a sudden
be given a certificate that says, "Congratulations! You are now fluent." Instead, fluency is built
little by little, just as a hill is slowly pushed upwards until it grows into a mountain. After some
point the hill is no longer referred to as a hill. But after a while, no matter how tall it gets, it is
always a mountain. You can be partially fluent in Japanese from the first day of study. If you
hear the Japanese word "neko" and, without flinching, know that it means "cat," you are fluent
with that word. The more words you know, the more fluent you become.
In Japanese they have a saying: Chiri mo tsumoreba yama to naru – even specks of dust
become a mountain. I like this saying so much that it is on the cover of our first level book.
Every time you learn a new word or grammar point you add to your fluency hill. Before you
know it your mountain will be huge. It all depends on how much dust you add.
ŔŰġŸũŢŵġťŰġŊġťŰġŵŰġţŦġŧŭŶŦůŵŀġ
No book or website exists that will single-handedly give you total fluency. There isn't even a
teacher on the entire planet than can achieve this feat. You need to study, speak, and interact
with the Japanese language as much as possible.
For me, Japanese music, comic books and TV were major influences on my ability. I had every
Asaka Yui album! You might not know who she is... She is not really around anymore, but
without her, I would be flipping hamburgers for a living. If you have access to Japanese videos,
start watching them. If there is a Japanese music group that you like, start taking apart the
lyrics of the songs and learn what the song means. Keep on adding to your mountain.
Studying alone will not make you fluent. You need to use your Japanese. Use it or lose it! If you
live in a fairly large town you might find that there is a local Japanese Friendship club where
Japanese people get together. If there is a major college in your town you can bet that there are
Japanese exchange students enrolled.
Learning Japanese is a major project. Put all your efforts into it and I promise you that you too
will become fluent.
Lesson 5 – kanji ᄢਛዊ౞ੱ⋡
Kanji Lesson
5
ࡼ
89
ఱಎ઀‫૽׫‬࿒
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as these will help
you to memorize the different readings.
2
1
3
3 strokes
4
2
1
3
4 strokes
1
3
2
3 strokes
2
1
3
4
4 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䈍
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉻䉟䇮䉺䉟
䈍䈍䊶䈐䈇
䈣䈇䊶䈏䈒
䈎䈒䊶䈣䈇
䈍䈍䊶䈬䈍䉍
ᄢ䈐䈇
ᄢቇ
᜛ᄢ
ᄢㅢ䉍
ᄢᄌ
ᄢ㊂
main street
terrible,
disasterous
a large
quantity
big
college
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈭䈎
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉼䊠䉡
enlargement
䈢䈇䊶䈻䉖
䈢䈇䊶䉍䉊䈉
䈭䈎
䈤䉈䈉䊶䈚䉖
䈤䉈䈉䊶䈏䈦䈖䈉
䈫䊶䈤䉈䈉
䈚䈗䈫䊶䈤䉈䈉
ਛ
ਛᔃ
ਛቇᩞ
ㅜਛ
઀੐ਛ
inside, in
the middle,
the center
junior high
school
on the way
on duty
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈤䈇䋨䈘䈇䋩䇮䈖䇮䈍
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䊢䉡
䈤䈇䊶䈘䈇
䈚䉊䈉䊶䈏䈦䈖䈉
䈍䊶䈏䉒
䈖䊶䈰䈖
䈚䉊䈉䊶䈞䈧
䈣䈇䊶䈚䉊䈉
ዊ䈘䈇
ዊቇᩞ
ዊᎹ
ዊ₀
ዊ⺑
ᄢዊ
small
elementary
school
brook,
stream
small cat
a novel
big and
small
䈋䉖䊶䈣䈎
䈋䉖䊶䈔䈇
䈣䊶䈋䉖
䈲䉖䊶䈋䉖
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉁䉎
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉣䊮
䉁䉎䊶䈇
䈵䉆䈒䊶䈋䉖
౞䈇
⊖౞
౞㜞
౞ᒻ
ᬦ౞
ඨ౞
100 yen
high value of
the yen
round, round
shape
ellipse
half circle
round
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1
2
2 strokes
2
1 3
4
5
5 strokes
ࡼ
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈵䈫
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉳䊮䇮䊆䊮
䈵䈫
䈮䉖䊶䈕䉖
ੱ
person,
people
䈮䈾䉖䊶䈛䉖
䈞䈇䊶䈛䉖
䈖䈇䊶䈶䈫
䈉䊶䈤䉈䈉䊶䈛䉖
ੱ㑆
ᣣᧄੱ
ᚑੱ
ᕜੱ
ቝቮੱ
human
Japanese
person
an adult
lover
space alien
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉄䇮䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊝䉪䇮䊗䉪
䉄
䉅䈒䊶䈩䈐
䉄䊶䈣䈧
䉅䈒䊶䈟䉖
䉅䈒䊶䈵䉊䈉
䉂䈑䊶䉄
⋡
⋡⊛
⋡┙䈧
⋡೨
⋡ᮡ
ฝ⋡
eye
purpose
to stand out
before one’s
eyes
a goal
right eye
ŇŶůġŌŢůūŪġ ̹͈̱̞ġ ̥̲ͭ
‰ ŕũŦġŬŢůūŪġŰŧġŭŰŷŦġ
There is a really cool combination of kanji to make up the phrase “love at first sight”.
The word is 䈵䈫䉄䈿䉏.
৻⋡ᗀ䉏 (䈵䈫䉄䈿䉏)
“love at first sight”
This is so straightforward. The first kanji is for one and the second for eye, and that makes
sense logically. The last portion of the word is from the verb ᗀ䉏䉎䋨䈾䉏䉎䋩, which means
“to fall in love,” or “to be charmed”.
Continuing on the same idea, if you combine the kanji ⥄ which means “self” and ᗀ䉏䉎
䋨䈾䉏䉎䋩 then you end up with the word ⥄ᗀ䉏䉎 䋨䈉䈯䈿䉏䉎䋩, which means, “to be
conceited,” or literally “self love.”
⥄ᗀ䉏䉎(䈉䈯䈿䉏䉎)
“to be conceited”
‰ ŊůġŵũŦġŮŪťťŭŦġŰŧġŴŰŮŦŵũŪůŨġ
The more kanji you learn, the more you will realize how much kanji is tied to your overall
fluency level. Here is a cool thing done with the ਛ kanji.
Look at how the meaning of the following words are changed when ਛ is added to them.
Lesson 5 – kanji activities
䈚 䈗 䈫
䈚䈗䈫䈤䉈䈉
ീᒝਛ
઀੐
઀੐ਛ
studying
work
working
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈤䉈䈉
ീᒝ
study
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦġ
1. 䈇䉁䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉ਛ䈪䈜䇯
ࡼ
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I am studying.
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
ġ
ġ
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‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji and
review the words at the same time.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䈎
ಎ!
inside
㩷
䉄
ಎ
࿒
࿒!
eye!
㩷
䈵䈫
㩷
૽!
㩷
person
!
૽
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈵䉆䈒䈋䉖
ຐ‫! ׫‬
㩷
100 yen
䈞䉖䈋䉖
୷‫!׫‬
1000 yen㩷
ຐ‫׫‬
୷‫׫‬
㩷
㩷
䉂䈑䉄
㩷
ֲ࿒!
right eye㩷
㩷
ֲ࿒
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈍䈍
ఱ̧̞!
big㩷
ఱ̧̞
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈣䈇
ఱ̦̩!
college㩷
ఱ̦̩
Lesson 5 – kanji activities
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈤䈇
઀̯̞!
small㩷
઀̯̞
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈵䈣䉍䉄
ऒ࿒
ऒ࿒!
left eye㩷
䈗䈛䉈䈉䈋䉖
ࡼ਱‫!׫‬
50 yen㩷
ࡼ਱‫׫‬
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
䈮
䈛䉖
඾͕ͭ૽!
Japanese person㩷
඾͕ͭ૽
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‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈣䈇
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䉂䈦
㩷㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
1.
㩷 䈅䈚䈢䇮
䈏䈒䈪
䈧䈱 䉪䊤䉴䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㩷
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
䈭䈎
2. 䈻䉇䈱
䈮
䈘䈇䊁䊷䊑䊦䈏
䉐䈦
䈍䈍
3.
䈸䈢
䈤䈇
䈐䈇䉍䉖䈗䈲
㩷
䈵䈫
4. 䈅䈱䈍䉖䈭䈱
䈷䉆䈒
䈪䈜䇯
䈛䉈䈦
䈲
䉂䈑
䈘䈇䈣䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉄
5. 䈇䈧䉅 䉡䉞䊮䉪䈲
䈪 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈵䈫
6. 䈖䈱䉪䊤䉴䈮
䈮
䈛䉈䈉
䈏
䈤䉈䈉
7. 䈇䉁䈲 䈚䈗䈫
䈋䉖
㩷㩷
䈘䉖
䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈗
䈮䉖
䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈗
䈣䈎䉌䇮
䈛䈮 䈅䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
Lesson 5 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ભ਄ਅᏀฝ䇮ᄢਛዊ౞ੱ⋡
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
G
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
parking lot
taxi stand
elevator
escalator
bus stop
library
railroad crossing
sidewalk
H
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
calculator
tape (cellophane)
two-sided tape
stapler
file cabinet
paper clip
folder
ballpoint pen
ink
correction fluid
hole puncher
pencil sharpener
appointment book
laptop computer
safe (to secure valuables)
piggy bank
tip (for services)
ŴŦŵġĶ
ŢųŰŶůťġŵŰŸůġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆䈛䉊䈉
䉺䉪䉲䊷䈱䉍䈳
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
䊋䉴䈩䈇
䈫䈚䉊䈎䉖
䈸䉂䈐䉍
䈾䈬䈉
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
㚢ゞ႐
ਸ਼䉍႐
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
䊋䉴஗
࿑ᦠ㙚
〯䉂ಾ䉍
ᱠ㆏
ŢųŰŶůťġŵũŦġŰŧŧŪŤŦġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈔䈇䈘䉖䈐
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
䉍䉊䈉䉄䉖䊁䊷䊒
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
䊐䉜䉟䊦
䋨䊕䊷䊌䊷䋩䉪䊥䉾䊒
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
䉟䊮䉪
䈚䉈䈉䈞䈇䈋䈐
䊌䊮䉼
䈋䉖䈷䈧䈔䈝䉍
䉲䉴䊁䊛䈩䈤䉊䈉
䊤䉾䊒䊃䉾䊒
䈐䉖䈖
䈤䉊䈐䉖䈳䈖
䉼䉾䊒
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
⸘▚ᯏ
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
ਔ㕙䊁䊷䊒
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
䊐䉜䉟䊦 䉨䊞䊎䊈䉾䊃
䋨䊕䊷䊌䊷䋩䉪䊥䉾䊒
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
䉟䊮䉪
ୃᱜᶧ
䊌䊮䉼
㋦╩೥䉍
䉲䉴䊁䊛ᚻᏭ
䊤䉾䊒䊃䉾䊒
㊄ᐶ
⾂㊄▫
䉼䉾䊒
Lesson 5 – which is better?
97
Lesson
5
Family Vacation
which is better?
Level 㽴
5
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ᄢਛዊ౞ੱ⋡
2. review vocabulary group set 5
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn to use the particle 䈎 to mean “or”
2. learn verb + -ing form of the verbs
3. learn to compare items
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1. The 䈩䈇䉁䈜 form learned in this lesson is very important and powerful. Make sure you
remember how it is used.
5
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈬䈤䉌
䈖䈋
䈬䈤䉌
ჿ
where, which and who (polite)
䈭䈐䈗䈋
䉂䉖䈭
㡆䈐ჿ
⊝
䈖䈬䉅䈢䈤
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪
ሶଏ㆐
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄
䈞䉖䈫䈉
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄
㌛ḡ
䈍䉖䈞䉖
䉅䈱
᷷ᴰ
‛
䈔䈦䈐䉊䈒
䈎䈛
⚿ዪ
ኅ੐
䈠䈉䈛
᝹㒰
voice
animal cry, chirp, roar
everybody
children
picnic
Disneyland
public bath (artificially heated)
hot spring (natural heat source)
thing(s)
after all, in the end
housework
cleaning
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ᵞữ
laundry
ਛ 䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍
䈍䉖䈭䉉
ਛ⪇ᢱℂ
Chinese cooking (food)
ᅚḡ
women’s bath
䈍䈫䈖䉉
䈖䉖䉋䈒
↵ḡ
ᷙᶎ
men’s bath
men’s and women’s bath
䈞䉖䈢䈒
䈤䉈䈉
5
ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
̹ ŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈖䈢䈋䉎
╵䈋䉎
䈖䈢䈋䈢
to answer
䈇䉎/䈋䉎
5
ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢
łťūŦŤŵŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
ŕźűŦġ
䈵䈬䈇
㉃䈇
terrible
䈇 adjective
䈅䈎䉎䈇
᣿䉎䈇
bright
䈇 adjective
䈒䉌䈇
ᥧ䈇
dark
䈇 adjective
5
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̢̭̹ͥġ ĩŵŰġŢůŴŸŦųĪ
The 䈫 particle is used to mark the answering phrase in the same way that it is used with
䈍䉅䈉 and 䈇䈉. The answering phrase sounds better if it is changed to its informal form.
The thing being answered is marked with 䈮, and of course the person to whom you are
answering is also marked with 䈮.
[phrase] ͂ ̢̭̹ͥ
to answer with [phrase]
[thing] ͅ ̢̭̹ͥ
to answer [thing]
Lesson 5 – which is better?
ġ
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ġ ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈞䉖䈞䈇䈱 䈚䈧䉅䉖䈮 䈭䉖䈫 䈖䈢䈋䈢䈱䋿
How did you answer the teacher's question?
2. 䈚䈧䉅䉖䈮 䈟䉖䈹㩷 䈖䈢䈋䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please answer all the questions.
3. 䈅䈚䈢䉁䈪䈮 䈪䈐䈭䈇䈫 䈖䈢䈋䉁䈚䈢䇯
I answered that I coudn't do it by tomorrow.
5
ňųŢŮŮŢų ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŕũŦġ ̞̳̀͘ġ ŷŦųţġŧŰųŮġ
The 䈩䈇䉁䈜 form is the verb + -ing form in English. It is used when an action is currently
taking place or is ongoing. The 䈩䈇䉁䈜 form of a verb is made by adding 䈇䉁䈜 after the
positive 䈩-form of the verb.
[positive 䈩-form verb] + 䈇䉁䈜
I am [verb]-ing.
ġ ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈜䈚䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
I am eating sushi.
I am watching TV.
I am drinking beer.
The 䈩䈇䉁䈜 form describes actions that are occurring at the moment. Accordingly,
if the 䈇䉁䈜 is changed to 䈇䉁䈞䉖, then the action was not occurring
1. 䈜䈚䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
2. 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮 䈇䈦䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
3. 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
I am not eating sushi.
I am not going to school.
I am not watching TV.
If the 䈇䉁䈜 is changed to 䈇䉁䈚䈢, then obviously the action taken was occurring
in the past.
1. 䈜䈚䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
I was eating sushi.
I was watching TV.
I was drinking beer.
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By now I am sure that you see the pattern. You can say that the action was not occurring in
the past by changing the 䈇䉁䈜 to 䈇䉁䈞䉖 䈪䈚䈢䇯
1. 䈜䈚䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
2. 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
3. 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
I wasn’t eating sushi.
I wasn’t watching TV.
I wasn’t drinking beer.
‰ ̞̳̀͘ġ ŷŴįġ ̳̀͘ġ
In spoken Japanese, people often drop the 䈇 sound in the 䈩䈇䉁䈜 verb form. Typically
this shouldn’t be done when writing, but when speaking it sounds more relaxed and casual.
In some of the future example conversations, you may notice that instead of writing 䈢䈼䈩
䈇䉁䈜, for example, we will use 䈢䈼䈩䉁䈜. This is to make the conversation sound more
natural when you read it aloud.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. 䈇䉁䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䉁䈜䇯
I am studying now.
2. 䈐䈱䈉䈱 䉋䉎䈲 䈋䈇䈏䉕 䉂䈩䉁䈚䈢䇯
I was watching a movie last night.
‰ ŕũŪŴġŪŴġţŦŵŵŦųġŵũŢůġŵũŢŵġ
The following sentence structure is used to say that one item is better, newer, older, bigger,
more liked, etc., than another item. Depending on the context, 䉋䉍 can mean “than, more
than, or instead of.”
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. 䈲䉇䈚䉋䉍 䉅䉍䈱䈾䈉䈏 ᄢ䈐䈇䈪䈜䇯
The forest is bigger than the woods.
2. 䈖䈱䈻䉇䉋䉍 䈅䈱䈻䉇䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈅䈎䉎䈇䈪䈜䇯
That room over there is brighter than this room.
3. ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈱 䈩䉖䈐䉋䉍 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈱 䈩䉖䈐䈱䈾䈉䈏 䉋䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
Friday’s weather was better than Saturday’s weather.
4. 䉟䉺䊥䉝䉍䉊䈉䉍䉋䉍 䈤䉈䈉䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈍䈇䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
Chinese food tastes better than Italian food.
Lesson 5 – which is better?
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5. 䈐䉊䈉䉋䉍 䈅䈚䈢䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
Tomorrow is better than today.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ͤ͢ġ ŢŭŰůŦġ
䉋䉍 can also be used alone. 䉋䉍 means more than, instead of, than, or rather than.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. 䊨䉱䊮䉶䊦䉴䉋䉍 䉲䉝䊃䊦䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
Rather than Los Angeles, let’s go to Seattle.
2. 䉍䉖䈗䉋䉍 䈇䈤䈗䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
I like strawberries, more than apples.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨ ͈͕̠̦ ŢŭŰůŦġ
It is also possible to use 䈱䈾䈉䈏 by itself.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䈅䈚䈢䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
Tomorrow is better.
2. 䊁䊧䊎䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈇䈪䈜䇯
TV is more interesting.
‰ ŔŢźŪůŨġ“Űų”ġŪůġŋŢűŢůŦŴŦġŶŴŪůŨġ ̥ġ
䈎 is used between words in a list to say “or.” It is optional to have 䈎 after the last item.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䈋䉖䈷䈧䈎 䊕䊮䈪 䈎䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please write it with a pencil or a pen.
2. 䉁䈇䈅䈘䇮䊚䊦䉪䈎 䉥䊧䊮䉳䉳䊠䊷䉴䉕 䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
I drink milk or orange juice every morning.
3. 䈅䈎䈇䈒䉎䉁䈎 䈒䉐䈇䈒䉎䉁䈎 䈬䈦䈤䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
Which one do you think is good, the red car or the black car?
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ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņ
1. Informal conversation between a man who cheated and his upset girlfriend
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈎 䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈎 䈬䈦䈤䈏 䈇䈇䈱䋿
B䋺 䈗䉄䉖䇯 䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈣䇯
A䋺 䈵䈬䈇ੱ!
A䋺 Me or Yoshie, which (who) is better?
B䋺 Sorry, Yoshie is better (than you).
A䋺 You're a terrible person!
2. Polite conversation between co-workers
A䋺 䈍䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䈲 䈭䈮䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎 䇯
䈤䉈䈉
B䋺 䉟䉺䊥䉝䉍䉊䈉䉍䈎 ਛ 䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈐䈱䈉 ਛ䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍䉕 䈢䈼䈢䈎䉌䇮䉟䉺䊥䉝䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
B䋺 䈛䉆䈅䇮䈠䈉䈚䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What would be good for lunch?
Italian or Chinese is good.
I ate Chinese yesterday, so Italian is better.
Okay, let's do (that).
3. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈿䈒䈫 䈋䈇䈏䉕 䉂䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯
B䋺 䈋䈇䈏䉋䉍 䈖䈉䈋䉖䈪 䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪䉕 䈚䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
A䋺 䈉䉖䇯 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯 䈠䈉䈚䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
A䋺 Won't you see a movie with me next Sunday?
B䋺 Instead of a movie, let's have a picnic in the park.
A䋺 Okay that's good. Let’s do it that way.
4. Mixed conversation; A is higher in status than B
A䋺 䈇䉁 䈭䈮䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉎䈱䇯
B䋺 䈫䉍䈱 䈭䈐䈗䈋䉕 䈐䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䈫䉍䈲 䈬䈖䈮䈇䉎䈱?
B䋺 䈅䈱 䈇䈋䈱 ਄䈮 䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What are you doing now?
I am listening to a bird's chirp.
Where is the bird?
It's on top of that house.
Lesson 5 – which is better?
5
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
1. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 Let's listen to a CD.
B䋺 Which do you like, Japanese music or American music?
A䋺 Japanese music is better.
A䋺 CD 䉕 䈐䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
B䋺 ᣣ䈾䉖䈱㩷 䈍䉖䈏䈒䈎 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱㩷 䈍䉖䈏䈒䈎 䈬䈦䈤䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 ᣣ䈾䉖䈱㩷 䈍䉖䈏䈒䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
2. Polite conversation between co-workers
A䋺 My wife hasn’t been here since yesterday.
B䋺 Aren't you sad by yourself?
A䋺 I am very lonely.
A䋺 䈐䈱䈉䈎䉌 䈎䈭䈇䈏 䈇䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈵䈫䉍
B䋺 ৻ੱ䈲 䈘䈶䈚䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈫䈦䈩䉅㩷 䈘䈶䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
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œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġ ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲 䉌䈇᦬䈱 ੑචᣣ䈮 䈘䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲 䈎䈡䈒䈫 䉍䉊䈖䈉䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
㽳 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲 䈎䈡䈒䈱 䉂䉖䈭䈮 䇸䈬䈖䈏 䈇䈇䋿䇹䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽴 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲 䇸䈍䉖䈞䉖䈏㩷 䈇䈇䉋䇯䈍䈇䈚䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈢䈼䉁䈚䉊䈉䇹䈫 䈖䈢䈋䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽵 䈍䈰䈋䈤䉆䉖䈲㩷 䇸䈍䉖䈞䉖䉋䉍 䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽶 䈍䈫䈉䈫䈱 䈛䉈䉖䈒䉖䉅 䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䈏䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽷 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲 䈇䈧䉅 䈇䈋䈱 䈠䈉䈛䈫 䉍䉊䈉䉍䈫 䈞䉖䈢䈒䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉎 䈎䉌䇮䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲
䈖䈬䉅䈢䈤䈮 䇸䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䉋䉍 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈏 䈇䈇䉋䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽸 䈔䈦䈐䉊䈒 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽹 ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈲㩷 䈍䈫䈖䉉䈫 䈍䉖䈭䉉䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽺 䈖䉖䉋䈒䉅 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽻 ᣣ䈾䉖ੱ䈲 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
㽼 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈱 䈚䉊䈒䈛䈲 ᣣ䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈪䈜䇯
㽽 䈖䈬䉅䈢䈤䈲㩷 䊖䊁䊦䉋䉍 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈱䈾䈉䈏 䉋䈎䈦䈢䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Lesson 5 – activities
5
105
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䈘䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧䇮䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈏㩷 䈇䈇䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈍䈰䈋䈤䉆䉖䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈏㩷 䈇䈇䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈭䈟䇮䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈏㩷 䈇䈇䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䉂䉖䈭䈲㩷 䈔䈦䈐䉊䈒䇮䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䈖䈬䉅䈢䈤䈲㩷 䊖䊁䊦䈫㩷 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䉋䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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‰ ŘũŢŵġŢųŦġŵũŦźġťŰŪůŨŀġ
Describe the pictures below using the ߡ޿߹ߔ form.
㩷
㩷 1㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
2
writing a letter
㩷 3㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
reading a book
㩷
4
eating pizza
㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 5
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
(drinking) soup
㩷
waiting for customer
6
buying a book
Lesson 5 – activities
‰ ŔŦůŵŦůŤŦġŤųŦŢŵŪŰůġ
Make sentences using the pictures below.
Use the sentence pattern䇸[item 1] ࠃࠅ [item 2] ߩ߶߁߇ [adjective] ߢߔ‫ޕ‬䇹
ņŹįġ
䉬䊷䉨䉋䉍 䉝䉟䉴䉪䊥䊷䊛䈱 䈾䈉䈏 䈧䉄䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
1.
2.
3.
4.
㩷
㩷
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.ġ
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹįġ 䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ want to do㩷
䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ do not want to do㩷
䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈚䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ please do㩷
㩷 䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷 㩷
㩷
Æ please don’t do㩷
㩷 䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈚䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
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㪈㪅 䊐䊤䊮䉴䈗䉕㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ studying Japanese㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ listening to music㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ drinking wine㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ not drinking wine
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 䈩䈏䉂䉕㩷 䉋䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ writing a letter㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ traveling㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ calling㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ not calling㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䉍䉖䈗䉋䉍㩷 䊋䊅䊅䈱䈾䈉䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ like sushi more than sashimi㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ like ice cream more than chocolate㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ like doing laundry more than cleaning㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ like water more than juice
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 5 – activities
109
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䈇䉁䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 䉂䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈇䉁䇮䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䉁䈇䈮䈤䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈱㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䉕㩷 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈅䈭䈢䈱㩷 䈻䉇䈲㩷 䈅䈎䉎䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䉮䊷䊤䈫㩷 䉳䊠䊷䉴䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈫㩷 䊖䊁䊦䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅 䈠䈉䈛䈫㩷 䈞䉖䈢䈒䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䈢䈱䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅 䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䈫㩷 䊙䉳䉾䉪䊙䉡䊮䊁䊮䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅 䉦䉺䉦䊅䈫㩷 䈵䉌䈏䈭䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅 䈋䈇䈏䈫㩷 䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪈㪅㩷ᣣ䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈫㩷 ਛ䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍䈫㩷 䈬䈦䈤䉕㩷 䉋䈒㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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Kanji Lesson
6
჋
ী࢛਀௷ႁġ
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji – these will help you
to memorize the different readings.
1
6
2
5
6 strokes
2
1
3
3 strokes
1
2
3
4 strokes
1
2
3
5
6
7
7 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉂䉂
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉳
䉂䉂䊶䈭䉍
䉂䉂
䊌䊮䈱䊶䉂䉂
⡊㡆䉍
⡊
䊌䊮䈱⡊
bread crust
ear-ringing
ear
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈒䈤
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉮䉡䇮䉪
䈛䊶䈶䊶䈎
䉂䉂䊶䈉䈤
䈤䉈䈉䊶䈛䊶䈋䉖
⡊㥦⑼
⡊ᛂ䈤
ਛ⡊Ἳ
ear, nose
doctor
whisper into
another’s ear
ear infection
䈒䈤
䈖䈉䊶䈚䉈䈉
䈛䉖䊶䈖䈉
䈪䊶䈓䈤
䈒䊶䈤䉊䈉
䈇䊶䉍䊶䈓䈤
ญ
ญ⥇
ੱญ
಴ญ
ญ⺞
౉䉍ญ
mouth
foul breath
population
exit
tone of voice
entrance
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈩䇮䈢
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䊠
䈩
䈅䈒䊶䈚䉈
䈩䊶䈏䉂
ᚻ
ីᚻ
ᚻ⚕
a letter
hand
handshake
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈅䈚䇮䈢
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉸䉪
䈢䊶䈨䈭
䈜䊶䈪
䈎䉌䊶䈩
ᚻ✁
⚛ᚻ
ⓨᚻ
bridle rein,
hand ropes
unarmed,
bare hands
Karate
䈅䈚
䈅䈚䊶䈒䈶
䈋䉖䊶䈠䈒
䈅䈚䊶䈍䈫
⿷
⿷㚂
㆙⿷
⿷㖸
⿷䉍䉎
ਃ⿷
footsteps
to have
enough
three pairs
leg, foot
ankle
excursion
䈢䊶䉍䉎
䈘䉖䊶䈠䈒
(shoes, socks)
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Lesson 6 – kanji ⡊ญᚻ⿷ജ
2
1
2 strokes
჋
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈤䈎䉌
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊥䊢䉪䇮䊥䉨
䈤䈎䉌
䈪䉖䊶䉍䉊䈒
䈛䉖䊶䉍䈐䊶䈚䉆
ജ
㔚ജ
ੱജゞ
㚍ജ
power,
energy, force
electric
power
rickshaw
horse
power
䈳䊶䉍䈐
䈤䈎䉌䊶䈚䊶䈗䈫 䈠䈖䊶䈥䈎䉌
ജ઀੐
ᐩജ
physical work
reserve
strength
ŇŶůġŌŢůūŪġ ġ ̹͈̱̞ġ ̥̲ͭ
‰ ŌŢůūŪġŰůġźŰŶųġţŰťźġ
You already know that kanji are often based on picture
representations of their meanings. The kanji for number 1, number 2,
and number 3 are perfect examples of how kanji was created with
deep thought: ৻, 䊆, ਃ are pretty easy concepts. If I told you that
there is a kanji prominent on everyone’s body you might not believe
me – but if you look at the palm of your right hand, you will notice a
rough version of the kanji for “hand.” Of course it isn’t going to be a
perfect copy of the kanji, but you can see where it can from.
਀
‰ ŊŴġŪŵġŢġŭŦŨġŰųġŢġŧŰŰŵŀŀŀġ
In Japanese ⿷ (䈅䈚) means foot, feet, leg and legs, which can cause some confusion if
your feet hurt. ⿷䈏 䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜 afterall can mean “my feet hurt” or “my leg hurts”.
Luckily there is a way to distinguish your feet from your legs. You can use ⿷䈱䈉䉌 for
“feet” and “foot”. ⿷䈱䈉䉌 literally means, “bottom of my foot”.
ী
࿒
࢛
਀
௷
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ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
ġ
ġ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
vocabulary, and learn new words at the same time.
ߓࠎࠅ߈
૽ႁ̱͝! ૽
rick-shaw㩷
ႁ̱͝
Lesson 6 – kanji activities
ߺߺ
ী
ী!
㩷
ear
ߊߜ
࢛
࢛!
mouth
ߡ
਀
਀!
hand㩷
޽ߒ
௷!
௷
㩷
foot, leg
ߜ߆ࠄ
ႁ
ႁ!
power㩷
ߓࠎߎ߁
૽࢛!
population
㩷
ߺ߉ߡ
ֲ਀!
㩷
right hand
޽ߒ
௷̩͍!
ankle㩷
ߡ
਀̦͙!
㩷
letter
૽࢛
ֲ਀
௷̩͍
਀̦͙
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ߡ
̥ͣ਀!
karate㩷
߭ߛࠅ޽ߒ
ऒ ௷!
㩷
left foot, leg
̥ͣ਀
ऒ௷
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
䈩
䈅䈚
䈍䈍
㩷
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈫㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈐䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷
䈓䈤
䈵䈫
䉋
䈮䉖
㩷
㩷 䈅䈱䈇䉍㩷 㩷 㩷 䈱䉁䈋䈮㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈇䉁䈜䇯
2.
㩷
䈶
䈜䈇
䈩
㩷
㩷 䈎䉌㩷 㩷 㩷 䈱 䉪䊤䉴䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉋䈉 㩷 㩷 䈪䈜䇯
3.
㩷
䉂䈑 䈅䈚
䈤䈎䉌
㩷
4.
䈏䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
㩷㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
䈤䈇
䉂䉂
㩷
5.
㩷 㩷 䉒䈢䈚䈱䈇䈯䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷 䈵䈣䉍
䈘䉖 䈟䉖 䈋䉖
㩷
6.
䈱䊜䊨䊮䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈪䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈛䉖
䈖䈉
7. 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
䈞䉖
䈮
䈮䉖
䈵䉆䈒
䈲㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
䉁䉖
䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
Lesson 6 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ભ਄ਅᏀฝ䇮⡊ญᚻ⿷ജ
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
I
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
handicap
a cold
headache
injury
thermometer (for body)
x-ray
surgery
shot
cough
tears
bandage, dressing
balloon
dentures (false teeth)
hives, rash
vitamins
wheelchair
ŴŦŵġķġ
ŢųŰŶůťġŵũŦġũŰŴűŪŵŢŭ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
䈎䈟
䈝䈧䈉
䈔䈏
䈢䈇䈍䉖䈔䈇
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
䈚䉈䈛䉈䈧
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆
䈞䈐
䈭䉂䈣
䈾䈉䈢䈇
䈸䈉䈞䉖
䈇䉏䈳
䈛䉖䉁䈚䉖
䊎䉺䊚䊮
䈒䉎䉁䈇䈜
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
㘑㇎
㗡∩
ᕋᚒ
૕᷷⸘
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
ᚻⴚ
ᵈ኿
ຕ
ᶡ
൮Ꮺ
㘑⦁
౉ᱤ
⭄㤗∐
䊎䉺䊚䊮
ゞ᫹ሶ
Lesson 6 – Japanese school and 䉅䈉
Lesson
6
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Old Friends
Japanese school and 䉅䈉
Level 㽴
6
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ⡊ญᚻ⿷ജ
2. review vocabulary group set 6
ġ
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn many verbs and how to say the grades of schooling in Japanese
2. learn how to say more than one 䈇-adjective in a row
3. learn how to turn 䈇-adjectives into object attributes
ġ
ġ ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
ġ
1. You should start to notice the benefit of knowing kanji. Look for the kanji in this lesson.
There is no grammar in this lesson so take this time to gather your thoughts.
6
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䈭䉖䈰䉖䈞䈇
૗ᐕ↢
䈚䉊䈉
ዊቇᩞ
elementary school
䈤䉈䈉
ਛቇᩞ
junior high school
䈖䈉䈖䈉
㜞ᩞ
high school
䈣䈇
ᄢ 䈏䈒
ᄢቇ
college, university
䈚䉊䈉
ዊቇ↢
elementary school student
䈤䉈䈉
ਛቇ↢
junior high student
䈖䈉䈖䈉䈞䈇
㜞ᩞ↢
high school student
ዊ 䈏䈦䈖䈉
ਛ 䈏䈦䈖䈉
ዊ 䈏䈒䈞䈇
ਛ 䈏䈒䈞䈇
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
what year of school?
what grade?
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䈣䈇
ᄢ 䈏䈒䈞䈇
ᄢቇ↢
college student
䉇䈜
ᄐભ䉂
summer break
䉇䈜
ᤐભ䉂
spring break
䈸䉉 ભ 䉂
䉇䈜
౻ભ䉂
winter break
䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒
䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒
pet shop
䈇䉐䈇䉐
⦡䇱
various
䈣䉖䈭䈘䉖
ᣤ㇊䈘䉖
one’s own husband,
another’s husband
䈏䈇䈖䈒 ੱ
ᄖ࿖ੱ
a foreigner
䈬䈒䈚䉖
⁛り
single, unmarried
䈚䉍䈧
⑳┙
private
䈚䉍䈧
Ꮢ┙
municipal (public)
䈭䈧 ભ 䉂
䈲䉎 ભ 䉂
䈛䉖
6
ŘŰųťġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̭͈͂͊ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̱ͤ̾ȪজၛȫŗŔġ ̱ͤ̾Ȫঌၛȫ
This is one of those coincidental things that will most likely confuse students of Japanese
and probably confuses the average Japanese person: 䈚䉍䈧 is a homonym (same sound
different meaning) for either “private” or “public,” depending on which kanji are used.
What makes this complicated is the way schools are named. It is possible to have the same
school name and the only difference being the kanji.
Ꮢ┙ਛቇᩞ
᧲੩Ꮢ
⑳┙ਛቇᩞ
᧲੩⑳
6
䋨䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉 䈚䉍䈧 䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉䋩
䋨䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉 䈚䉍䈧 䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉䋩
Tokyo Municipal Junior High School
Tokyo Private Junior High School
ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢
ġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈍䉅䈇
䈎䉎䈇
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
㊀䈇
シ䈇
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
heavy
light
ŕźűŦġ
䈇-adjective
䈇-adjective
Lesson 6 – Japanese school and 䉅䈉
6
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ńŶŭŵŶųŦġńŭŪűĻġŕũŦġŋŢűŢůŦŴŦġŔŤũŰŰŭġŚŦŢųġ
The division of Japanese school grades might be slightly different from what you’re familiar
with. Consider the following chart. While American school systems may vary depending on
state or school, the Japanese school system is unified throughout Japan.
ōŦŷŦŭġ
ŋŢűŢůġ
łŮŦųŪŤŢġ
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 elementary school
6 years
6 years
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 junior high school
3 years
2 years
䈖䈉䈖䈉 high school
3 years
4 years
In America we have labeled the grades from 1st grade to 12th grade. Japan uses the following
labels for their grades.
ōŦŷŦŭġ
ňųŢťŦġ
ōŰůŨġŏŢŮŦġ
ŔũŰųŵġŏŢŮŦġ ġ
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
1st
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ৻䈰䉖
ዊ৻ 䋨䈚䉊䈉䈇䈤䋩
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
2nd
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ੑ䈰䉖
ዊੑ 䋨䈚䉊䈉䈮䋩
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
3rd
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ਃ䈰䉖
ዊਃ 䋨䈚䉊䈉䈘䉖䋩
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
4th
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ྾䈰䉖(䉋䈰䉖)
ዊ྾ 䋨䈚䉊䈉䉋䉖䋩
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
5th
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ੖䈰䉖
ዊ੖ 䋨䈚䉊䈉䈗䋩
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
6th
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ౐䈰䉖
ዊ౐ 䋨䈚䉊䈉䉐䈒䋩
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
7th
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ৻䈰䉖
ਛ৻ 䋨䈤䉈䈉䈇䈤䋩
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
8th
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ੑ䈰䉖
ਛੑ 䋨䈤䉈䈉䈮䋩
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
9th
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉 ਃ䈰䉖
ਛਃ 䋨䈤䉈䈉䈘䉖䋩
䈖䈉䈖䈉
10th
䈖䈉䈖䈉৻䈰䉖
䈖䈉৻
䈖䈉䈖䈉
11th
䈖䈉䈖䈉ੑ䈰䉖
䈖䈉ੑ
䈖䈉䈖䈉
12th
䈖䈉䈖䈉ਃ䈰䉖
䈖䈉ਃ
䈞䈇
You can say “first year elementary school student” by adding ↢ 䋨student䋩after the grade.
This of course can be done for each grade year.
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ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġ ̹ĮŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŕźűŦġ
䈅䈉
䈅䈠䈹
ળ䈉
ㆆ䈹
䈅䈦䈢
䈅䈠䉖䈣
to meet
to play
regular
regular
䈜䉃
૑䉃
䈜䉖䈣
regular
䈤䈏䈉
㆑䈉
䈤䈏䈦䈢
to live (in a place)
to be wrong
to be different
to stay at someone's house
to work part-time
䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟(䉕)䈜䉎
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃(䉕)䈜䉎
6
䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟(䉕) 䈚䈢
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃(䉕)㩷 䈚䈢
regular
䈜䉎 verb
䈜䉎 verb
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ ̥̞̥̹̾ġ
‰ ̜̠ġ ĩŵŰġŮŦŦŵĪġ ġ
When meeting someone, the person being met with is marked by the particle 䈮. If you are
meeting with a person to discuss something, then 䈫 should be used instead of 䈮.
[person] 䈮 䈅䈉
to meet [person]
[person] 䈫 䈅䈉
to meet with [person]
ġ
ġņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈣䉏䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
2. 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. 䈐䈱䈉 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. ੑචᣣ䈮 䈅䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
With whom will you meet?
I will meet with a friend.
Yesterday I met a friend’s mother.
Let’s meet on the twentieth.
‰ ̷̜͐ġ ĩŵŰġűŭŢźĪġ ġ
䈅䈠䈹 is not used for playing sports – that is covered by 䈜䉎.
[person/thing] 䈫 䈅䈠䈹
to play with [person/thing]
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈖䈬䉅䈲 䈠䈫䈪 䈅䈠䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈅䈚䈢 䈘䈤䈖䈤䉆䉖䈫 䈅䈠䈶䉁䈜䇯
The children are playing outside.
I will play with Sachiko tomorrow.
Lesson 6 – Japanese school and 䉅䈉
121
‰ ̳͚ġ ĩŵŰġŭŪŷŦĭġŵŰġųŦŴŪťŦĪġ ġ
When saying that you live somewhere, the location particle 䈮 is used. 䈪 is not used.
Also, the 䈩䈇䉁䈜 form is used when saying that you are currently living somewhere.
[place] 䈮 䈜䉃
to live in [place]
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. 䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. 䈬䈖䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
I am living in Las Vegas.
I was living in Japan.
Where do you live?
‰ ̻̦̠ġ ĩŵŰġţŦġŸųŰůŨĭġţŦġťŪŧŧŦųŦůŵĪġ ġ
When saying that something is different, one uses the marker 䈫 to mark the object that is
being compared. This might take some time to get used to. Look at the two patterns below.
Notice how just changing the order of particles changes the nuance of the sentence.
[item 1]䈲 [item 2]䈫 䈤䈏䈉
[item 1] is different than [item 2]
[item 1]䈫 [item 2]䈲 䈤䈏䈉
[item 1] and [item 2] are different
ġ
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈫 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈲 䈤䈏䈇䉁䈜䇯
Japan and America are different.
2. 䈐䉊䈉䈱 䈩䉖䈐䈲 䈐䈱䈉䈱䈫 䈤䈏䈇䉁䈜䇯
Today’s weather is different from yesterdays.
3. 䈐䉊䈉䈱 䈜䈚䈲 䈤䈏䈉䈰䇯
Today’s sushi is different, isn’t it?
‰ γȜθΑΞͼ̳ͬͥġ ĩŵŰġũŰŮŦŴŵŢźĪġ ġ
In Japanese this verb means that a foreigner is staying in a Japanese person’s home
during a visit to Japan. It can also mean that a Japanese person is staying in a foreigner’s
home in another country. It is not considered a home stay if the host and the guest are of
the same nationality. The location marker 䈪 is used.
[place]䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕䈜䉎
to home stay at [place]
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ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ 䈅
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I stayed with my host family in Japan.
2. 䉌䈇䈰䉖䈱 䈲䉎䈎䉌 ᄢ䈘䈎䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
I am going to home stay at Osaka from spring of next year.
‰ ͺσΨͼΠ̳ͬͥġ ĩŵŰġŸŰųŬġűŢųŵĮŵŪŮŦĪġ ġ
There is nothing tricky about this verb phrase. Have a look at the example sentence, and it
should be pretty clear.
ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. ੑ䈎᦬䉁䈋䈎䉌 䊙䉪䊄䊅䊦䊄䈪 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
I have been working (part time) at McDonald's since two months ago.
2. ੑ䈰䉖䉁䈋䇮䈐䉖䈛䉊䈪㩷 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
I was working part time in the neighborhood two years ago.
6
ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗ġ
‰ ŕŶųůŪůŨġŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġŪůŵŰġŢŵŵųŪţŶŵŦŴġ
For lack of a better word I have chosen the word “attribute” – a property of an object, such
as height, length, weight, etc. Attributes can be made out of most of the 䈇-adjectives by
dropping the 䈇 and adding 䈘.
Once you have created the attribute you can use it just as you would use any noun in a
sentence to say things like, “The length is two feet.”
(䈇 adjective) minus 䈇 + 䈘
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ ġ
䈵䉐䈘
䈢䈎䈘
width
height 䈅
ġņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䈖䈱䊎䊦䈲 䈢䈎䈘䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
This building is high.
2. 䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈘䉃䈘䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈰䇯
It is cold today, isn’t it?
䈅䈧䈘
䈘䉃䈘
heat
coldness
Lesson 6 – Japanese school and 䉅䈉
123
‰ ŔŵųŪůŨŪůŨġ ̞ ŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġŪůġŢġųŰŸġ
In English, if we want to say “little, white car,” we just simply string the adjectives in a row
and it works. In Japanese, the adjectives must be changed into what we will call the 䈒䈩
form. The 䈇 is dropped and 䈒䈩 is added. Every adjective in the row must be in the 䈒䈩
form except for the very last one, which should be normal
(䈇 adjective) minus 䈇 + 䈒䈩
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅ġ
1. 䈎䉎䈒䈩䇮䈎䉒䈇䈇 䈔䈇䈢䈇䈪䉖䉒䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
I want a light, cute cell phone.
2. 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈲㩷 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈒䈩䇮䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
The Japanese language is interesting and difficult.
3. 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈒䈩䇮䉇䈜䈇䉏䈇䈡䈉䈖䉕㩷 䈎䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
Let’s buy a new, reasonable refridgerator.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ̞̳̀͘ġ ŵŰġťŦŴŤųŪţŦġŢġŴŵŢŵŦġŰŧġţŦŪůŨġ
In the previous lesson you learned that the 䈩䈇䉁䈜 form is used to describe an ongoing
event. It is also used to describe a “state of being.” This is usually the result of an action,
and you are left with whatever state you are in. Have a look at the examples:
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈔䈦䈖䉖䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
I will get married.
䈮䈾䉖
2. ᣣᧄ 䈮 䈜䉂䉁䈜䇯
I will live in Japan.
3. 䈍䈭䈎䈏㩷 䈜䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I got hungry.
䈅ġ
䈔䈦䈖䉖 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
I am married.
䈮䈾䉖
ᣣᧄ 䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
I live in Japan.
䈍䈭䈎䈏 䈜䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
I am hungry.
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ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņġ
Using a piece of paper cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your comprehension to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between acquaintances
A䋺 䈐䉊䈰䉖 䈬䈖䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䉰䊮䊐䊤䊮䉲䉴䉮䈮 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䈫䈍䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯 䈖䈖䈎䉌 䈒䉎䉁䈪 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈫䈍䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯䈒䉎䉁䈪 ੑ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Where did you live last year?
I was in San Francisco.
That sure is far away. How long does it take to get there from here by car?
It’s not that far. It takes about two hours by car.
2. Polite conversation between two people working in the same company
A䋺 䈬䈒䈚䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈇䈇䈋䇮䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䈋䈋䋣 䈾䉖䈫䈉䈮䋿 䈇䈧 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 ੖䈰䉖䉁䈋䈱 ਃ䈏䈧䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Are you single?
No, I am married.
What!? Really? When did you get married?
Five years ago in March.
4. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 䈅䈭䈢䈱 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈘䉖䈲 䈭䉖䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ਛ䈏䈦䈖䈉㩷 ৻䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈖䈉䈖䈉㩷 ੑ䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈪 䈋䈇䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈲䈇䇮䈏䈇䈖䈒ੱ䈱 䈫䉅䈣䈤䉅 䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 What grade is your younger sister in?
B䋺 She is in the seventh grade (first year of junior high). I am in the eleventh grade
(second year of high school).
A䋺 Are you studying English in school?
B䋺 Yes, I even have a foreign friend.
Lesson 6 – Japanese school and 䉅䈉
3. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 䈬䈖䈪 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䈚䈩䉎䈱䋿
B䋺 ਛ䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䈫䈭䉍䈱 䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒䈪䇯
A䋺 䈬䈉䈹䈧䈏 䈜䈐䈣䈰䇯
B䋺 䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䉋䇯䈍㊄䈏 䈇䈇䈎䉌䇮䈚䈩䉎䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
6
Where are you working part-time?
At the pet shop next to the junior high school.
You must like animals.
I don't like them. I do it because the money is good.
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋġ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 What are you doing?
B䋺 I’m not doing anything.
A䋺 You are lying!
B䋺 I was looking at your䋨Yumi's䋩 second grade pictures.
A䋺 Don't look!
A䋺 䈭䈮䉕 䈚䈩䉎䈱?
B䋺 䈭䈮䉅 䈚䈩䈭䈇䉋䇯
A䋺 䈉䈠!
䈚䉊䈉䈮
B䋺 䉉䉂䈱 ዊੑ䈱 䈫䈐䈱 䈚䉆䈚䉖䉕 䉂䈩䈢䇯
A䋺 䉂䈭䈇䈪䉋!
2. Polite conversation between two classmates
A䋺 Won't you go to school with me tomorrow?
B䋺 Okay. At what time shall we meet?
A䋺 Let's meet at six o'clock in front of your house.
B䋺 Is it all right? Thank you.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈅䈚䈢 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯
䈇䈇䈪䈜䉋䇯 䈭䉖䈛䈮 䈅䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䈎䇯
䉐䈒䈛䈮 䈅䈭䈢䈱 䈇䈋䈱 䉁䈋䈪 䈅䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯 䈅䉍䈏䈫䈉䇯
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3. Polite conversation between a man (A) and a woman (B)
A䋺 I think you’re cute. Please marry me.
B䋺 No (I can't).
A䋺 Please!
B䋺 I can't because I am already married.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈅䈭䈢䈲 䈎䉒䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈣䉄䈪䈜䇯
䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜!
䉅䈉 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈩䉎䈎䉌䇮䈣䉄䈪䈜䇯
4. Polite conversation between two people who bumped into each other on the street
A䋺 Excuse me. Didn't we meet in high school?
B䋺 Which high school is it?
A䋺 Las Vegas High.
B䋺 I think you are mistaken.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
6
䈜䉂䉁䈞䉖䇯䈖䈉䈖䈉䈪 䈅䈇䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯
䈬䈱䈖䈉䈖䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯
䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䈖䈉䈖䈉䈪䈜䇯
䈤䈏䈉䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䉋䇯
œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽ġ
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲
㽳
㽴
㽵
㽶
㽷
㽸
㽹
㽺
㽻
㽼
㽽
㽾
㽿
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈫 䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈲 ዊ䈏䈦䈖䈉䈎䉌䈱 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈪䈜䇯
ੑੱ䈲 ౐䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈪 䈅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈲 䈭䈧ભ䉂䈮 䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈐䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈱 䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈲 䉝䊜䊥䉦ੱ䈫 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈲 䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈱 䈫䈭䉍䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈤䉆䈇䉐䈇䈇䈯䈫 䈫䈩䉅 䈎䉒䈇䈇䈎䉄䈏 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈲 䈬䈉䈹䈧䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈣䈦䈢䈎䉌䇮䉋䈒 䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈪 䈅䈠䈶䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈇䉁䇮ੑੱ䈲 䈖䈉䈖䈉䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈲 䈇䉁䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈪 ৻䈎᦬䈓䉌䈇䇮䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈮䉅 䈬䈉䈹䈧䈏 ਃ䈶䈐䇮䈇䉁䈜䇯
ੑ䈵䈐䈱 䈉䈘䈑䈫 䈹䈢䈏 䈇䉁䈜䇯
ੑੱ䈱 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 ฝ䉋䈖䈮 䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈠䈱䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒䈲 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈇 䈬䈉䈹䈧䉕 䈇䉐䈇䉐 䈉䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈲 䈠䈖䈪 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 6 – activities
6
127
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension from the previous page.
㪈㪅
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈫 䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈲 䈇䈧䇮䈬䈖䈪 䈅䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈮䈲㩷 䈬䉖䈭䊕䉾䊃䈏㩷 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈲㩷 䈬䈉䈚䈩㩷 䉋䈒㩷 䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈱㩷 䈇䈋䈪㩷 䈅䈠䈶䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉳䊢䊮䉸䊮䈒䉖䈲㩷 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈲㩷 䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒䈪㩷 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕㩷 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷 䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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YesJapan.com
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
ņŹį㩷 䉂䈭䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ㩷America㩷
䉂䈭䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ㩷England㩷 㩷
䉂䈭䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉟䉩䊥䉴䈮䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ Australia㩷
䉂䈭䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉥䊷䉴䊃䊤䊥䉝䈮䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ㩷Where?㩷
䉂䈭䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈮䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
1. 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫㩷 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ boyfriend/girlfriend
㩷
㩷
Æ yesterday
㩷
Æ tomorrow
㩷
Æ this Sunday
㩷
Æ who?
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
2. 䉍䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲㩷 ਛ䈏䈦䈖䈉㩷 ਃ䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ 6th grade
㩷
Æ 8th grade
㩷
Æ 10th grade
㩷
Æ 1st grade
㩷
Æ what grade?
㩷
㩷
㩷
3. 䈭䈧ભ䉂䈮㩷 ᣣ䈾䉖䈪㩷 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ spring break
㩷
Æ winter break
㩷
Æ in Tokyo
㩷
Æ in Osaka
㩷
Æ when?
㩷
㩷
Lesson 6 – activities
‰ őŢųŵŪŤŭŦŴġ
Fill in the blanks with appropriate particles.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅 䊨䉰䊮䉷䊦䉴㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈮䈾䉖㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷 㩷
㩷 䈵䈖䈉䈐㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
ච䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈅䈱䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈫䉅䈣䈤㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䊐䊤䊮䉴㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㪋㪅
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㪎㪅
䉁䈇ᣣ䇮౐䈛㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏䈦䈖䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
ᣣ䈾䉖䈱㩷 䊎䊷䊦㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱㩷 䊎䊷䊦㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈤䈏䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈢䈭䈼䈘䉖㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈒䉎䉁䈲㩷 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䊔䉾䊄㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ਄㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈙䈦䈚㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㪏㪅 䈇䈯㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈰䈖䈱䈾䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㪐㪅 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 ᦬䉋䈉ᣣ㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈋䈇䈏㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉂䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯㩷
㩷
㪈㪇㪅 ᣣ䈾䉖䈗㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈛䈚䉊㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
‰ ŐűűŰŴŪŵŦġŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ
Write the opposite words to the following adjectives like the following example.
ġ 䈍䈍䈐䈇
(㩷
big 㩷 )
㩷
ÅÆ
1. 䈍䉅䈇㩷
(㩷 㩷
㩷 )
㩷
ÅÆ
(
)
2. 䈉䉎䈘䈇㩷
(㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 )
㩷
ÅÆ
(
)
3. 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇㩷 (㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 )
ÅÆ
(
)
4. 䈅䈎䉎䈇㩷 (㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 )
ÅÆ
(
)
5. 䈅䈧䈇㩷
(㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
)
ÅÆ
(
)
6. 䈫䈍䈇㩷
(㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 )
ÅÆ
(
)
7. 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈇㩷 (㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 )
ÅÆ
(
)
䈤䈇䈘䈇
(
small
)
129
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YesJapan.com
‰ őųŢŤŵŪŤŦġŸŪŵũġŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ
Describe the pictures below.
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
1
expensive and light cell phone
2
white and small cat
3
cute and heavy piggy bank
4
cheap and blue calculator
5
painful and scary shot
Lesson 6 – activities
COMMENTARY
131
ġ ġ Ŋŵ’ŴġŢŭŭġŢţŰŶŵġňŖŕŔĢġ
Originally Posted on YesJapan.com
By George Trombley, Jr.
Over the years I have often pondered why some people end up being fluent in Japanese and
others just never get it. I have decided that it all boils down to guts and persistence. In the past
when a new class began I would form private opinions about who was going to do well and
who was going to end up quitting the class. In time I realized that first classes don't give me
enough data to say whether one student will fail and another will succeed. It doesn't matter that
one student understands the first lessons four times faster than another student. What matters
is the student’s ambition and guts.
The best students are those who make the most mistakes. Students who don't make mistakes
aren't trying hard enough! If you aren't making mistakes, then you aren't using your Japanese
enough. It is almost always the students who make the most mistakes that stay with the class
and eventually even get jobs in Japan or with Japanese companies. You don't need to be
fluent to earn money or benefit from your Japanese skill. Here are a few examples of students
that are definitely going to make it to the fluency level:
PAWEL – When Pawel first came to my class he had just started taking classes in college. I
didn't have any clue that he would succeed because he was so shy and his face would turn
red when you talked to him. But after a few weeks I saw that he was going to become
fluent. He won't admit it, but he is now very good and can say the most complicated
sentences. His secret is that whenever he has the chance he tries new Japanese phrases. In
class he might be considered annoying with the type of crazy questions he asks. In fact,
sometimes I have no clue what he is trying to say. But he never gives up. Even while I was
writing this article he was using online chat to ask me questions about something Japanese. I
wish all of my students had the perseverance of Pawel.
JOHN – John has been learning Japanese in my live classes for about two years. He is
currently taking Level 3 for the second time. The impressive thing about John is that he works
two jobs totaling sixteen hours a day! Yet he has only missed two classes in two years. Even
the week that he got divorced he made the class! HE WILL BE FLUENT!
MICHELLE – Michelle just completed Level 1 in our live classes for the first time. She has
restarted Level 1 four times! Each time she gets better and better. I often joke that she has
paid more money to us than any other student, and that without her the company would go out
of business. I am sure she will be fluent.
MARK – Mark won a free month of classes at YesJapan over the radio and eventually stayed
until Level 4. He always did his homework and was constantly renting Japanese videos at the
Japanese video store, cramming Japanese into his head. On a visit to Japan he got a job offer
from an English school to help teach English. He has been living in Japan for over a year and
a half now. How cool is that!?
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YesJapan.com
MIKE – Mike would go to the shopping mall here in Las Vegas and walk up to any Japanese
person he saw and strike up a conversation. He did that on the weekends and even got pen
pals out of it. Such guts made him the top student in the class.
There are many more exemplary students, and they all have one thing in common: GUTS.
To wrap up: don't be scared. Get out there and speak Japanese. Learning Japanese is a huge
project and shouldn't be taken lightly. Many times you will be wrong, and many times you will
be embarrassed, but the more embarrassed you are and the more mistakes you make, the
closer you will be to fluency.
133
Lesson 7 – kanji ┙↵ᅚሶ↢
Kanji Lesson
7
্
ၛ౳੫ঊ୆
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing fast. Also take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you
memorize the various readings.
1
2
4
3
5
5 strokes
1
2
7 strokes
1
2
3
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈢
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊥䉿䇮䊥䊠䉡
䈢䊶䈧
䈢䈤䊶䈳
䈬䈒䊶䉍䈧
䈚䊶䉍䈧
䉍䈦䊶䈚䉈䈉
䉇䈒䊶䈣䊶䈧
┙䈧
┙႐
⁛┙
⑳┙
┙⑺
ᓎ┙䈧
to stand
position
independence
private
(i.e. school)
the beginning
of autumn
to be of use
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䈫䈖
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉻䊮䇮䊅䊮
䈍䈫䈖
䈣䉖䊶䈞䈇
䈤䉊䈉䊶䈭䉖
䈛䊶䈭䉖
䈣䉖䊶䈛䉊
䈍䈫䈖䊶䈱䊶䈖
↵
↵ᕈ
㐳↵
ᰴ↵
↵ᅚ
↵䈱ሶ
boy, man
male
first born
son
second born
son
boy and
girl
a boy
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䉖䈭䇮䉄
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉳䊢䇮䊆䊢䇮䊆䊢䉡
䈍䉖䈭
3 strokes
1
2
3
䈛䉊䊶䈞䈇
䉄䊶䈏䉂
䈤䉊䈉䊶䈛䉊
ᅚ
ᅚᔃ
ᅚᚱ
ᅚᕈ
ᅚ␹
㐳ᅚ
girl, woman
woman’s mind
speakers
wife
female
goddess
first born
daughter
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈖
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䇮䉴
䈖
3 strokes
䈍䉖䈭䊶䈗䈖䉐 䈮䉊䈉䊶䈿䈉
䈖䊶䈬䉅
䈍䉇䊶䈖
䉋䈉䊶䈚
䈖䊶䈇䈯
ሶ›
ᚸሶ
puppy
folding
Japanese fan
ሶ
ሶଏ
ⷫሶ
㙃ሶ
child
child,
children
parent and
child
adopted
child
䈞䉖䊶䈜
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YesJapan.com
3
1
4
5
5 strokes
্
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈇䇮䈉䇮䈲䇮䈐䇮䈭䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䉟䇮䉲䊢䉡
䈭䉁
䈞䈇䊶䈫
䈞䉖䊶䈞䈇
䈲䊶䈋䉎
䈇䊶䈐䉎
䈉䊶䉁䉏䉎
↢
↢ᓤ
వ↢
↢䈋䉎
↢䈐䉎
↢䉁䉏䉎
raw
pupil,
student
teacher
to grow
to live
to be born
ŇŶůġŌŢůūŪ ̹͈̱̞ġ ̥̲ͭ
‰ ŌŢůūŪġŵŰůŨŶŦġŵŸŪŴŵŦųġ
In the next lesson a tough Japanese tongue twister is introduced. But before that, here is
one that you can warm up with. It uses the kanji ↢(䈭䉁), and it goes like this:
↢㤈䇮↢☨䇮↢ෆ
䈭䉁䉃䈑䇮䈭䉁䈗䉄䇮䈭䉁䈢䉁䈗
The translation is simple: “Raw wheat, raw rice, raw eggs.” I never found this hard to say,
but it seems to trouble Japanese people. Try saying it fast five times in a row!
Lesson 7 – kanji activities
্
135
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
thewords, and learn new words at the same time.
䈍䈫䈖
౳!
boy, man
౳
㩷
䈍䉖䈭
੫!
!
girl, woman
੫
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䈢
ၛ̾
ၛ̾!
to stand㩷
䈍䈫䈖
䈵䈫
౳ ͈૽!
man㩷
䈍䉖䈭
䈖
੫ ͈ঊ!
㩷
girl
䈖
ঊ̓͜!
㩷
child, children
䈖
ঊ̞͆!
puppy㩷
䈞䈇
̵ͭ୆!
teacher㩷
౳͈૽
੫͈ঊ
ঊ̓͜
ঊ̞͆
̵ͭ୆
Lesson 7 – kanji activities
䈇䈤
137
䈞䈇
͇֚ͭ୆!
㩷 1st year student㩷 ֚ ͇ ͭ ୆
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈞䈇
㩷 䈚䉊䈉
઀ ̦̩୆! ઀ ̦ ̩ ୆
㩷 elementary student㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈞䈇
㩷 䈤䉈䈉
ಎ ̦̩୆!
㩷 junior high student㩷 ಎ ̦ ̩ ୆
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈞䈇
㩷 䈣䈇
ఱ̦̩୆!
㩷 college student㩷 ఱ ̦ ̩ ୆
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷
䈓䈤
䈖
䈤䈇
㩷 䉇䉁㩷
1.
䈘䉖䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈬䉅䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈘䈒䈩䇮䈎䉒䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷
䈗
䈚䉊䈉
䈞䈇
㩷
㩷 䉉䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏䈦䈖䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 䈰䉖㩷 㩷 㩷 䈪䈜䇯
2.
㩷
㩷
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䈍䉖䈭
䈵䈫
䉄
䈣
㩷
㩷 䈅䈱
3.
䈱 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈲 䈐䉏䈇䈣䈎䉌䇮
䈤䉁䈜䇯
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷
䈞䈇
䈉䈋
䈢
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷
㩷 4. 䈞䉖㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏 䈧䈒䈋䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 䈪 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈢䈭䈇䈪䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㩷
䈞䈇
䉐䈒
䈏䈧
䉇䈜
䈣䈇
㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷 㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈎䉌 䈭䈧㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉂䈪䈜䇯
㩷 㩷 5.
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈏䈒
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷 㩷 㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷 䈲
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈤䉈䈉
䈍䈍
㩷
6. 䈅䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲
㩷 䈐䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
䈓䈤
䈍䈫䈖
䈵䈫
7. 䈋䈐䈱䈪㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈪㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏
䈢
䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 7 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ⡊ญᚻ⿷ജ䇮┙↵ᅚሶ↢
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ŴŦŵġĸġ
VOCABULARY GROUPS
J
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
stomach
lungs
muscles
dimples
thumb
index finger
middle finger
ring finger
pinky (little finger)
armpit
arm
bone
breasts, chest
front teeth
molars
tongue
beard
pimple
ŮŰųŦġŢůťġŮŰųŦġţŰťźġűŢųŵŴ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈇
䈲䈇
䈐䉖䈮䈒
䈋䈒䈿
䈍䉇䉉䈶
䈵䈫䈘䈚䉉䈶
䈭䈎䉉䈶
䈒䈜䉍䉉䈶
䈖䉉䈶
䉒䈐䈱䈚䈢
䈉䈪
䈾䈰
䉃䈰
䉁䈋䈳
䈍䈒䈳
䈚䈢
䈵䈕
䈮䈐䈶
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
⢗
⢖
╭⡺
╉┄
ⷫᜰ
ੱᏅ䈚ᜰ
ਛᜰ
⮎ᜰ
ዊᜰ
䉒䈐䈱ਅ
⣨
㛽
⢷
೨ᱤ
ᅏᱤ
⥠
㜯
䈮䈐䈶
Lesson 7 – Japanese tongue twister
Lesson
7
141
Two Chickens
Japanese tongue twister
Level 㽴
7
łţŰŶŵġŕũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ┙↵ᅚሶ↢
2. review vocabulary group set 7
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn four new counters
2. learn how similar sounding words mean totally different things in the tongue
twister in this lesson
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1. Memorize the tongue twister in this lesson and the explanation that comes with it. It will
help you learn how to explain things in detail.
7
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈲䉇ญ 䈖䈫䈳
ᣧญ⸒⪲
tongue twister
䈮䉒
ᐸ
a garden, a yard
䈉䉌䈮䉒
ⵣᐸ
a back garden, a backyard
䈮䉒䈫䉍
㢚
a chicken, a hen, a cock
䈇䉂
ᗧ๧
meaning (of something)
䈾䈫䉖䈬
䈾䈫䉖䈬
almost all, the majority
䈎䈝
ᢙ
number
䈖
ሶ䈇䈯
ሶ›
puppy
ሶ䈰䈖
䈖
ሶ₀
kitten
䈇䈤
৻⇟
the most, number one
䈒䈤
৻ 䈳䉖
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䈖䈫䈳
⸒⪲
䈪䈜䈎䉌䋯䈣䈎䉌
䈪䈜䈎䉌䋯䈣䈎䉌
speech, language, word,
expression
therefore, for that reason
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
⿒䊪䉟䊮
red wine
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
⊕䊪䉟䊮
white wine
䈋䈋
䈋䈋
yes (more formal than 䈲
䈇)
7
ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢
This section lists new adjectives used in the lesson. Remember that 䈭 adjectives and
䈇 adjectives are used differently.
łťūŦŤŵŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
ŕźűŦġ
䈵䈒䈇
ૐ䈇
low, flat
䈇 adjective
䉂䈛䈎䈇
⍴䈇
short in length
䈇 adjective
7
ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġ
̹ĮŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈎䈉
㘺䈉
䈎䈦䈢
to have a pet
regular
䉂䈞䉎
⷗䈞䉎
䉂䈞䈢
to show
䈇䉎/䈋䉎
7
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̥̠ġ ĩŵŰġũŢŷŦġŢůġŢůŪŮŢŭġŧŰųġŢġűŦŵĪġ ġ
䈎䈉 conjugates exactly like the verb 䈎䈉 (to buy), which is said in the exact same way, but
with a different kanji. The neat thing is that they use the exact same grammar.
(animal) 䉕 䈎䈉
to have (animal) for a pet
Lesson 7 – Japanese tongue twister
143
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. 䈇䈯䉕 ౐䈷䈐䇮䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
I am raising six dogs.
2. 䈬䉖䈭 䈬䈉䈹䈧䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
What kind of animals do you have?
3. 䈍䈳䈅䈤䉆䉖䈲 䈰䈖䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䈕䉖䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
My grandmother got better after she had a cat.
‰ ̵͙ͥġ ĩŵŰġŴũŰŸĪġ ġ
The item that is being shown is marked with 䉕. 䈮 makes the person to whom it is being
shown.
(item) 䉕 䉂䈞䉎
to show (item)
(person) 䈮 䉂䈞䉎
to show to (person)
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
ġ
1. 䈚䉆䈚䉖䉕 䉂䈞䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Show me the pictures please.
2. 䈅䈎䈇䈱䉕 䉂䈞䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Please show me the red one.
3. 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈮 䈎䈱䈛䉊䈱 䈚䉆䈚䉖䉕 䉂䈞䉁䈚䈢䇯
I showed a friend my girlfriend's photograph.
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ŏŦŸġńŰŶůŵŦųŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ΃;ϋΗȜ
ŃŪųťġŢůťġœŢţţŪŵġńŰŶůŵŦųġſͩ
1
䈇䈤䉒
2
䈮䉒
3
䈘䉖䉒
4
䉋䉖䉒
5
䈗䉒
6
䉐䈒䉒
How many?
৻⠀
ੑ⠀
ਃ⠀
྾⠀
੖⠀
౐⠀
7
8
9
10
11
12
䈭䉖䉒䋿
䈭䈭䉒
䈲䈤䉒
䈐䉈䈉䉒
䈛䉈䈉䉒
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈤䉒
䈛䉈䈉䈮䉒
৾⠀
౎⠀
਻⠀
ච⠀
ච৻⠀
චੑ⠀
૗⠀
őŰŴŪŵŪŰůġńŰŶůŵŦųġſ͊ͭ
#1
䈇䈤䈳䉖
#2
䈮䈳䉖
#3
䈘䉖䈳䉖
#4
䉋䉖䈳䉖
#5
䈗䈳䉖
#6
䉐䈒䈳䉖
What number?
7
৻⇟
ੑ⇟
ਃ⇟
྾⇟
੖⇟
౐⇟
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
䈭䉖䈳䉖䋿
䈭䈭䈳䉖
䈲䈤䈳䉖
䈐䉈䈉䈳䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈳䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈇䈤䈳䉖
䈛䉈䈉䈮䈳䉖
৾⇟
౎⇟
਻⇟
ච⇟
ච৻⇟
චੑ⇟
૗⇟
ňųŢŮŮŢų ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŔũŰŸŪůŨġŰųťŦųġŰųġųŢůŬġŪůġůŶŮţŦųŦťġŪŵŦŮŴġ
The ~⋡(䉄) counter is not a counter by itself. It must be attached to other counters for it to
have meaning. It gives an order to the counter it is attached to (first, second, third, etc.). It
can be attached to any Japanese counters.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
䈵䈫䉍⋡
䈸䈢䉍⋡
੖䈵䈐⋡
ච৻䈷䈐⋡
the 1st person
the 2nd person
the 5th small animal
the 11th small animal
৻䉀䉖⋡
ਃ䈿䉖⋡
1st bottle, etc. (long/cylindrical)
3rd bottle, etc.
৻䈧⋡
྾䈧⋡
1st (generic)
4th
Lesson 7 – Japanese tongue twister
145
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġġ ġ
1. Polite conversation between friends driving in a car
A䋺 䈅䈭䈢䈱 䈇䈋䈲 䈬䉏䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ਃ䈧⋡䈱 䈚䉐䈇䈇䈋䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 Which one is your house?
B䋺 It’s the third white house.
2. Polite conversation between two people at a pet hospital
A䋺 䈇䈯䉕 䈭䉖䈶䈐 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ౎䈷䈐䈪䈜䇯䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈬䈉䈹䈧䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯䈐䈱䈉 䉅䈉৻䈷䈐 䈰䈖䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䈰䈖䈲 䈭䉖䈶䈐⋡䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ౐䈷䈐⋡䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
7
How many dogs do you have?
Eight. I really like animals. I bought one more cat yesterday.
What number cat is it?
It’s the 6th.
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņ
Using a piece of paper cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your comprehension to the English translation.
1. Conversation between an English teacher and her student
A䋺䈖䈱䈖䈫䈳䈱 䈇䉂䈏 䉒䈎䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
B䋺䈠䉏䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈪䇸happy䇹䈪䈜䉋䇯
A䋺䈅䉍䈏䈫䈉䇯
A䋺 I don’t understand this word.
B䋺 That means “happy” in English.
A䋺 Thanks.
2. Conversation between two people in line
A䋺 䈧䈑䈲 䈣䉏䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈅䈭䈢䈲 䈭䉖䈳䉖⋡䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈋䈋䈦䈫䇮྾䈳䉖⋡䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Who is next?
I am.
What number (in line) are you?
Umm, I am number four.
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3. Informal conversation between a couple
A䋺 䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮䈎 䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮䇮䈬䈦䈤䈏 䈍䈇䈚䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈉䋿
B䋺 䊪䉟䊮䉕 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈎䉌䇮䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇䇯
A䋺 Which do you think tastes good, red wine or white wine?
B䋺 I don’t know, because I don’t drink wine.
4. Polite conversation between two friends
A䋺 䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒䈪 䈇䈯䉕 䈉䈦䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䉋䇯䉅䈉䇮䉂䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䈋䈋䇮৻䈳䉖 ዊ䈘䈒䈩䇮䈚䉐䈇ሶ䈇䈯䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲 䈇䈇䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 䈋䈋䇮䈎䉒䈇䈇䈫 䈇䈦䈩䉁䈜䉋䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
7
They are selling dogs at the pet shop. Did you see them already?
Yes, I bought the smallest white puppy.
Did your dad say it was okay?
Yes, he says the dog is cute.
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Mixed conversation between an American and a Japanese girl
A䋺 Don’t you think that the majority of Japanese men have shorter legs than Americans?
B䋺 Yeah and their noses are flat.
A䋺 ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 䈾䈫䉖䈬䈱 䈍䈫䈖䈱䈵䈫䈲 䉝䊜䊥䉦ੱ䉋䉍 䈅䈚䈏 䉂䈛䈎䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯
B䋺 䈉䉖䇮䈲䈭䉅 䈵䈒䈇䉋䇯
2. Informal conversation between two new friends on the phone
A䋺 I really like cats.
B䋺 Really? Well then, since we have 3 cats, why don’t you come to our house now?
A䋺 Okay. I’ll go right now.
A䋺 䈰䈖䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䇯
B䋺 䈾䉖䈫䈉䋿 䈛䉆䇮䈰䈖䉕 ਃ䈶䈐 䈎䈦䈩䉎䈎䉌䇮䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈉䈤䈮 䈖䈭䈇䋿
A䋺 䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈇䈒䉋䇯
Lesson 7 – Japanese tongue twister
147
3. Polite conversation between two new friends
A䋺 How many siblings do you have?
B䋺 I have five siblings. I am the second (of the siblings)
A䋺 䈐䉊䈉䈣䈇䈲 䈭䉖ੱ 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ੖ੱ 䈐䉊䈉䈣䈇䈪䈜䇯 䈿䈒䈲 䊆䈳䉖⋡䈪䈜䇯
7
œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽
Read the Japanese tongue twister first. Then read the explanation about it below.
ŕŰůŨŶŦġŕŸŪŴŵŦųġŪůġ ̦͌ͣ̈́ġ
䈉䉌䈮䉒 䈮䈲 䈮䉒䇮䈮䉒 䈮䈲 䈮䉒䇮䈮䉒䈫䉍䈏 䈇䉁䈜䇯
ŕŰůŨŶŦġŕŸŪŴŵŦųġŪůġ ̥̲ͭġ
䈉䉌䈮䉒
䈮
䉒
䈮䉒
䈮
䉒
䈮䉒䈫䉍
䇸ⵣᐸ䈮䈲 ੑ⠀䇮ᐸ䈮䈲 ੑ⠀䇮 㢚 䈏䈇䉁䈜䇯䇹
7
œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġņŹűŭŢůŢŵŪŰůġ ġ ̥̞͈̓̽ġ ̵̞̾͛
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲 䈖䉏䈲䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 䈲䉇ญ䈖䈫䈳䈪䈜䇯
㽳 䇸䈉䉌䈮䉒䇹䈱 䈇䉂䈲 䈇䈋䈱 䈉䈚䉐䈱 䇸䈮䉒䇹䈪䈜䇯
㽴 䈖䈱䈲䉇ญ䈖䈫䈳䈱 䈮䉒䈲 ੑ䈧䈱 䈇䉂䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽵 ৻䈧⋡䈲 䈇䈋䈱 䉁䈋䈱 䇸䈮䉒䇹䈪䈜䇯
㽶 ੑ䈧⋡䈲 䈮䉒䈫䉍䈱 䈎䈝䈪䈜䇯
㽷 䉃䈎䈚䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 䈾䈫䉖䈬䈱 䈇䈋䈪䈲 䈮䉒䈫䉍䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽸 ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈱 䇸䈮䉒䇹䈮䈲 䈖䈱䈫䉍䈏 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽹 䈪䈜䈎䉌䇮䈖䈱䈫䉍䈱 䈭䉁䈋䈲 䈮䉒䈫䉍䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
148
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YesJapan.com
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㪈㪅
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䇸䈲䉇䈒䈤䈖䈫䈳䇹䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈪 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䇸䈉䉌䈮䉒䇹䈱㩷 䈇䉂䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈖䈱䈲䉇䈒䈤䈖䈫䈳䈱㩷 䇸䈮䉒䇹䈲㩷 䈇䈒䈧䈱㩷 䈇䉂䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
৻䈧⋡䈱㩷 䈇䉂䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ੑ䈧⋡䈱㩷 䈇䉂䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉃䈎䈚䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈱㩷 䈾䈫䉖䈬䈱㩷 䈇䈋䈲㩷 䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䉖䈪㩷 䈖䈱䈫䉍䈱㩷 䈭䉁䈋䈲㩷 䇸䈮䉒䈫䉍䇹䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 7 – activities
149
‰ ŐŵũŦųġŵŰůŨŶŦġŵŸŪŴŵŦųŴġ
Practice the following Japanese tongue twisters along with the one you have learned in this
lesson.
1. 䈭䉁䉃䈑㩷 䈭䉁䈗䉄㩷 䈭䉁䈢䉁䈗㩷
(Raw wheat, raw rice, raw eggs)
㩷
2. 䈫䈭䉍䈱㩷 䈐䉆䈒䈲㩷 䉋䈒㩷 䈎䈐䈒䈉㩷 䈐䉆䈒䈣䇯㩷
(The guest next door eats lots of persimmons.)㩷
㩷
3. 䊋䉴䇮䉧䉴䈳䈒䈲䈧㩷
(The gas explosion of a bus)㩷
㩷
4. 䈢䉁䈢䉁㩷 䈢䉁䈗䈏㩷 䈢䉁䈦䈩䈇䈢䈱䈪䇮䈢䉁䈮䈲㩷 䈢䉁䈗䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉋䈉䈎䇯㩷
(Since there are a lot of eggs, shall we eat them for a change?)
㩷
‰ ńŰŶůŵŦųŴġ
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate counters.
䈵䈫䈧㩷
䈸䈢䈧㩷
㩷
㪈㪅㩷
䈇䈤䉒㩷
䈮䉒㩷
㪉㪅㩷
䈇䈤䈳䉖㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㪋㪅㩷
ġ ņŹį㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷㩷 㩷 䋨㩷 㩷
䈇䈧䈧㩷
䉋䉖䉒㩷
䈗䉒㩷
䈘䉖䈳䉖㩷
䈇䈦䈷䈐㩷
䈮䈵䈐㩷 㩷㩷
䈘䉖䈶䈐㩷
㩷 䋨㩷
䋩㩷
䈗䈵䈐㩷
䈵䈫䉍㩷
䈸䈢䉍㩷 㩷
䈘䉖䈮䉖㩷
䋨㩷
䋩㩷
䈗䈮䉖㩷
䈸䈧䈎㩷 㩷
䉂䈦䈎㩷
䈘䉖䈛㩷
䋩㩷
㪍㪅㩷
䈇䈤䈛㩷
䈮䈛㩷
㪎㪅㩷
䈇䈤䈏䈧㩷
䈮䈏䈧㩷 㩷㩷
䋨㩷
䈮䈾䉖㩷 㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷
䋩㩷
䉋䈦䈧㩷
䋩㩷
䋨㩷 㩷
䋨㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
䋨㩷 㩷 䉂䈦䈧㩷 㩷 䋩㩷
䋨㩷 㩷
䋩㩷
㩷
㩷䉋䉖䈳䉖㩷 㩷 㩷 䈗䈳䉖㩷
䉋䈦䈎㩷
䋨㩷
䋩㩷
䈘䉖䈿䉖㩷
䈇䈧䈎㩷
䋩㩷
㩷䈚䈏䈧㩷
䉋䉖䈾䉖㩷
䈗䈛㩷
䈗䈏䈧㩷
䈗䈾䉖㩷
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‰ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
Two judges are talking about the dogs that auditioned for an upcoming movie.
Which dog are they going to choose?
䈚䉖䈘䈇䉖䋱:
䈬䈱䈇䈯䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈚䉖䈘䈇䉖䋲:
䈠䈉䈪䈜䈰㵺䇯 䉒䈢䈚䈲 ৻䈷䈐⋡䈱 䈇䈯䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
ᄢ䈐䈘䈏 䈤䉊䈉䈬 䉋䈒䈩䇮䈮䉖䈐䉅 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䉌䇯
䈚䉖䈘䈇䉖䋱:
䉒䈢䈚䈲 ਃ䈶䈐⋡䈱 䈇䈯䈏 䉴䉺䊷䈮䈭䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䉋䇯
ዊ䈘䈒䈩䇮䈎䉒䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䉌䈰䇯
䈚䉖䈘䈇䉖䋲:
྾䈳䉖⋡䈱 䈇䈯䈲 䈬䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯
䈚䉖䈘䈇䉖䋱:
䈉䊷䉖䊶䊶䊶䇯 䉃䈎䈚䈲 䈮䉖䈐䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈚䈢䈏䇮䈇䉁䈱 䈋䈇䈏䈮䈲
䈤䉊䈦䈫 䈸䉎䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
䈚䉖䈘䈇䉖䋲:
No.1
䈠䈉䈪䈜䈰䇯 䈛䉆䈅䇮৻䈳䉖䈎 ੑ䈳䉖䈪 䈐䉄䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
No.2
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴġŢůťġņŹűųŦŴŴŪŰůŴġŪůġŵũŦġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
No.3
No.4
ġ
ġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈤䉊䈉䈬䈇䈇
䈮䉖䈐䈏䈅䉎
䉃䈎䈚
䈐䉄䉁䈚䉊䈉
䈚䉖䈘䈇䈇䉖
ŌŢůūŪġĬ
ৼᐲ䈇䈇
ੱ᳇䈏䈅䉎
ᤄ
᳿䉄䉁䈚䉊䈉
ክᩏᆔຬ
ņůŨŭŪŴũ
perfect, just right
popular
a long time ago
let’s decide
judge
Lesson 7 – activities
151
‰ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġŢŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
1. Practice reading the preceding short dialogue in pairs.
2. Look at the birds below. Discuss with your partner which bird should be in your
next movie.
No.1
No.2
No.3
No.4
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
䊕䉾䊃䉕㩷 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䊕䉾䊃䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷 䈭䉖䈶䈐㩷 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ሶ䈇䈯䈏㩷 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷 ሶ䈰䈖䉅㩷 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮䈎㩷 䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮䈎䇮䈬䈦䈤䈏㩷 䈍䈇䈚䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈐䉊䈉䈣䈇䈲㩷 䈭䉖ੱ䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷 䈅䈭䈢䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈳䉖⋡䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈲䉇䈒䈤䈖䈫䈳䈲㩷 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
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‰ ŕųŢůŴŭŢŵŪŰůġ
Translate the following sentences into Japanese.
1. I am drinking my third beer.
2. I am eating my second hamburger.
3. I am going to buy my third house.
4. I am selling my fourth car.
5. My fifth dog’s name is Tarou.
6. Let’s eat the second cake!
7. I like the seventh bird from the left.
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Lesson 8 – kanji ᄤⓨ᳇㔎ጊᎹ
Kanji Lesson
8
ഛߗ‫ַܨ‬५୼
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
ส
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you
memorize the various readings.
1
2
4
4 strokes
1
2 3
4 5
6
7
8
8 strokes
1
2
3
4
6
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈅䉄䇮䈅䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊁䊮
䈩䉖
䈩䉖䊶䈐
䈅䉁䊶䈱䊶䈏䉒
䈉䊶䈩䉖
䈩䉖䊶䈘䈇
䈩䉖䊶䈗䈒
ᄤ
ᄤ᳇
ᄤ䈱Ꮉ
㔎ᄤ
ᄤᚽ
ᄤ࿖
heaven
weather
the Milky Way
rainy
weather
genius
heaven
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈠䉌䇮䈅䇮䈎䉌䇮䈅䈐
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉪䉡
䈠䉌
䈒䈉䊶䈖䈉
䈎䉌
䈅䈐䊶䉇
䈅䊶䈐䊶䈎䉖
䈅䈍䊶䈡䉌
ⓨ
ⓨ᷼
ⓨ
ⓨኅ
ⓨ䈐➧
㕍ⓨ
sky
airport
empty
vacant house
empty can
blue sky
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䉖䉋䉂
5
6 strokes
1
3
2
8 strokes
none
䉨䇮䉬
䈐
䈕䉖䊶䈐
䈔䊶䈲䈇
䈐䊶䉅䊶䈤
䈒䈉䊶䈐
䈐䊶䈅䈇
᳇
ర᳇
᳇㈩
᳇ᜬ䈤
ⓨ᳇
᳇ว
spirit; mood
stamina;
vigor; health
indication
feeling,
mood
air
fighting spirit
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈅䉄䇮䈅䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉡
䈅䉄
䈍䈍䊶䈅䉄
䈅䉁䊶䈓䉅
䈅䉁䊶䈏䈋䉎
㔎
ᄢ㔎
㔎㔕
rain
heavy rain
rain clouds
䈉䊶䉍䉊䈉
䈉䊶䈩䉖
㔎ⰶ
㔎㊂
㔎ᄤ
tree frog
amount of
rain
rainy
weather
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1
3
2
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉇䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉰䊮
䉇䉁
䈸䊶䈛䊶䈘䉖
ጊ
ን჻ጊ
ጊ⣂
Mt. Fuji
mountain
range
3 strokes
mountain
3
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈎䉒
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䊮
1
2
3 strokes
ส
䈘䉖䊶䉂䉆䈒
䈘䉖䊶䈠䉖
䉇䉁䊶䈱䈿䊶䉍
䈎䊶䈙䉖
ጊ᧛
ጊ⊓䉍
Ἣጊ
mountain
village
mountain
climbing
volcano
䈎䉒
䈎䊶䈞䉖
䈍䊶䈏䉒
䉮䊨䊤䊄䊶䈏䉒
䈎䉒䊶䈎䉂
䈎䉒䊶䈚䈢
Ꮉ
ᴡᎹ
ዊᎹ
䉮䊨䊤䊄Ꮉ
Ꮉ਄
Ꮉਅ
river
rivers, river
system
brook,
stream
Colorado River
upper reaches
of a river
downstream
ŘųŪŵŪůŨġőŰŪůŵŴġ ̥̩εͼϋΠ
‰ ŕũŦġŴŤŪŦůŤŦġţŦũŪůťġŦŢŤũġŬŢůūŪ
After you get through the basic characters, you will start to see simple kanji being used as
parts of other kanji. Look at the various kanji that contain the character for “rain”:
䈅䉄
䉉䈐
䈎䉂䈭䉍
䈪䉖䋨䈐䋩
㔎
㔐
㔗
㔚
rain
snow
thunder
electricity
Lesson 8 – kanji activities
ส
155
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
vocabulary and learn new words at the same time.
䈩 䉖 䈐
ഛ‫!ܨ‬
weather!
ഛ‫ܨ‬
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䈠䉌
ߗ
ߗ!
sky
䈅䉄
ַ
ַ!
rain㩷
䉇䉁
५!
mountain
५
㩷
䈎䉒
୼
୼!
river㩷
䈒 䈉 䈐
ߗ‫ܨ‬
ߗ‫!ܨ‬
air
䈍䈍䈅䉄
ఱַ
ఱַ!
heavy rain
䈉 䈩 䉖
ַഛ!
rainy weather
㩷
䈎䈙䉖
‫غ‬५
‫غ‬५!
volcano㩷
䈍䈏䉒
઀୼!
stream, brook
䈩䉖
ഛ̮̩!
heaven!
ַഛ
!
઀୼
ഛ̮̩
Lesson 8 – kanji activities
䈅䉁
䈏䉒
ഛ͈୼!
milky way㩷
157
ഛ͈୼
ġġġ㩷 ġġġġġġ㩷 ġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġġ㩷 ġġġġġġġġġ
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷
1.
㩷
㩷
㩷
2.
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷 㩷 㩷
3.
㩷
㩷
㩷
4.
㩷
㩷
5.
㩷
㩷
ġ
ġ
䈩䉖
䈐
䉇䉁
䈏䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈅䉄
䈎䉒
䉂䈝
䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖䈸䈦䈢䈎䉌䇮
䈒䈉
䈐
䈏䈇䈇䈎䉌䇮㩷 㩷 㩷
䉂䈑
䈸䈢
䈎䉌
䈕䈧
䉄
䈧
䉐䈒
䈏 䈍䈍䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
䈏䉒
䈱
䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉇䉁
䈱
䈘䉖
䈏 䈸䈛
䈶
䉋䈉
6. 㩷 㩷 㩷
䈱
䈅䉁
䈪䈜䇯
䈐
䈲 䈇䈧䉅 䈕䉖
䈠䉌
7.
䈮 䊊䉟䉨䊮䉫䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈧
䈮 䈾䈚䈏
䈮䉖
䈧䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈖
䈱
䈎䉒
䈬䉅䈫
䈪 䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
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ŴŦŵġĹ
VOCABULARY GROUPS
K
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
film
development
disposable camera
film shop
photograph
Polaroid
negative
tripod
L
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
butterfly
grasshopper
spider
caterpillar
scorpion
ladybug
űũŰŵŰŨųŢűũź
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊐䉞䊦䊛
䈕䉖䈡䈉
䈧䈎䈇䈜䈩䉦䊜䊤
䈚䉆䈚䉖䉇
䈚䉆䈚䉖
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
䊈䉧
䈘䉖䈐䉆䈒
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊐䉞䊦䊛
⃻௝
૶䈇ᝥ䈩䉦䊜䊤
౮⌀ደ
౮⌀
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
䊈䉧
ਃ⣉
ţŶŨŴ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈤䉊䈉䈤䉊䈉
䈳䈦䈢
䈒䉅
䈔䉃䈚
䈘䈠䉍
䈩䉖䈫䈉䉃䈚
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
༆༆
䈳䈦䈢
Ⱡⰸ
Ძ⯻
⳩
䈩䉖䈫䈉⯻
Lesson 8 – starting and beginning
Lesson
8
159
The Music Teacher
starting and beginning
Level 㽴
8
łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ᄤⓨ᳇㔎ጊᎹ
2. know Additional Vocabulary word groups K and L (photography and bugs)
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn everything is this lesson!
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1. Pay attention to the verbs 䈲䈛䉁䉎 and 䈲䈛䉄䉎. Verbs of this pattern are common in
Japanese.
8
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈤䈤
ῳ
my father
䈲䈲
Უ
my mother
䈖䈍䉍
᳖
ice
䉇䈦䈐䉊䈒
⮎ዪ
pharmacy
8
ŏŦŸġőũųŢŴŦŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ έτȜΒ
1. 䈇䈒䈧 䈪䈜䈎䇯
A very common way to say, “How old are you?”
This phrase literally means “how many?” but it is much more common than 䈭䉖䈘䈇 䈪䈜䈎
in everyday conversations.
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8
ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
̹ ŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũ
ŕźűŦġ
䈭䉎
䈭䉎
䈭䈦䈢
to become, be
regular
䈲䈛䉁䉎
ᆎ䉁䉎
䈲䈛䉁䈦䈢
to start, to begin
regular
䈲䈛䉄䉎
ᆎ䉄䉎
䈲䈛䉄䈢
to originate, start, begin
䈇䉎/䈋䉎
䈍䉒䉎
⚳䉒䉎
䈍䉒䈦䈢
to end, finish
regular
8
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̈́ͥġ ĩŵŰġţŦŤŰŮŦĭġŵŰġţŦĪġ
The particle 䈮 is used to mark the thing that the topic is becoming.
[noun] 䈮 䈭䉎
to become [noun]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈅
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈖䈫䈚䇮ੑච੖䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
I will be 25 years old this year.
2. 䉅䈉 䈸䉉䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
It has already become winter.
3. 䈖䈍䉍䈏 ᳓䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
The ice changed to water.
‰ ͉̲ͥ͘ġ ĩŵŰġŴŵŢųŵĭġţŦŨŪůĪġ ġ
The thing that is started is marked with the subject particle 䈏, unless using 䈲 for stressing
purposes.
[something] 䈏 䈲䈛䉁䉎
[something] begins
Lesson 8 – starting and beginning
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
161
䈅
1. 䈅䈚䈢 ౎䈛䈮 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈏 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
School starts at eight o’clock tomorrow.
2. 䈭䈧䈲 䈭䉖᦬䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
What month does summer start?
3. 䈚䈗䈫䈲 䈅䈘䈱 ౐䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
Work starts from six o’clock in the morning.
‰ ͉̲͛ͥġ ĩŵŰġŰųŪŨŪůŢŵŦĭġŴŵŢųŵĭġţŦŨŪůĪġ ġ
䈲䈛䉄䉎 is an active verb and 䈲䈛䉁䉎 is a passive verb. In other words, 䈲䈛䉄䉎 is used
when something is actively started by someone. 䈲䈛䉁䉎 is used when something starts
by itself, without anybody initiating it. With 䈲䈛䉄䉎, the direct object marker 䉕 is used to
mark the thing being started.
[something] 䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉎
to start or initiate [something]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䈞䉖↢䈲 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䉕 ৾䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
The teacher started class at seven o’clock.
2. 䈤䈤䈲 ੑ䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈎䈇䈚䉆䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
My father started a company two years ago.
3. 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䉕 ౎䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
Let’s start the party at eight o’clock.
‰ ̤ͩͥġ ĩŵŰġŦůťĭġŧŪůŪŴũĪġ ġ
The subject particle 䈏 marks the thing that is ending, unless 䈲 is used for emphasis.
[thing] 䈏 䈍䉒䉎
a [thing] ends
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ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈏 චੑ䈛䈮 䈍䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
School ended at twelve o’clock.
2. 䈖䈱䉪䊤䉴䈲 ਃ᦬䈮 䈍䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
This class will end in March.
3. 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈜䈓 䈍䉒䉎䈎䉌䇮䈤䉊䈦䈫 䉁䈦䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
My work is going to finish soon, so please wait a moment.
8
ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŕũŦġťŪŧŧŦųŦůŤŦġţŦŵŸŦŦůġ ͉̲ͥ͘ġ Ţůťġ ͉̲͛ͥ
The verb 䈲䈛䉁䉎 (to begin, start) and 䈲䈛䉄䉎 (to initiate, start, begin) are very similar,
but they should not be mixed up. 䈲䈛䉁䉎 is used when stating that an event starts or
begins passively. 䈲䈛䉄䉎 is used when stating that something is originated or was
initiated actively. That is, the event is not starting automatically, someone is physically
starting the event.
using 䈲䈛䉁䉎
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈏 䈲䈛䉁䉎䇯
౎䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉎䇯
䈐䈱䈉 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉁䈣 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈲䈛䉁䉌䈭䈇䇯
䈚䈅䈇䈏 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
School will start
It will start at eight o’clock
It started yesterday
My work won’t begin yet.
The game isn’t starting.
using 䈲䈛䉄䉎
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䈏䈦䈖䈉䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉎䇯
౎䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉄䈢䇯
䈐䈱䈉 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉁䈣 䈎䈇䈚䉆䉕 䈲䈛䉄䈭䈇䇯
ġ
(Someone) will start a school
(Someone) initiated at eight o’clock
(Someone) began yesterday
(Someone) won’t start a company yet.
Lesson 8 – starting and beginning
163
using 䈲䈛䉁䉎 and 䈲䈛䉄䉎
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŒħłġ
1. 䉅䈉 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈏 䈲䈛䉁䈦䈢䈱䋿
䈉䉖䇮ච䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䈦䈢䉋䇯
Has school already begun?
Yeah, it started from ten.
2. 䈖䈱䈋䈇䈏䈲 䈭䉖䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉎䈱䋿
ਃ䈛䈲䉖䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉎䇯
What time will this movie begin?
It will begin at three thirty.
3. 䈭䉖䈛䈮 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉎䈱䋿
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䈅䈫䈮 䈲䈛䉄䉎䇯
What time will you begin your homework?
I will start it after school.
4. 䈇䈧 䈖䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䉕 䈲䈛䉄䈢䈱䋿
䈖䈉䈖䈉䈱 䈅䈫䇮䈲䈛䉄䈢䇯
When did you start this company?
I started it after high school.
8
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņ
Using a piece of paper to cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below.
Read the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you
move the paper to compare your translation to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between two people who just met
A䋺 䈬䈖䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䊆䊠䊷䊣䊷䉪䈱 䈐䈢䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䊆䊠䊷䊣䊷䉪䈲 䈐䈢䉋䉍 䉂䈭䉂䈱 䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯
B䋺 䈲䈇 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯䈪䉅 䈐䈢䈱 䈾䈉䈏 䉇䈜䈇䈎䉌 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Where do you live?
North of New York.
Don’t you think that the south is better that the north?
Yes, I do. But, since the north is cheaper, I live there.
2. Polite conversation between a student and a teacher
A䋺 䈞䉖↢䇮䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈪 䈭䈮䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䊁䉴䊃䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䈋䈋䋣 䈬䉖䈭䊁䉴䊃䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䊁䉴䊃䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Teacher, what are we going to do in next week’s class?
We will have (do) a test.
What!? What kind of test is it?
A difficult test.
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3. Conversation between a younger and an older person. Notice that B is polite to A
when speaking. We can assume that B is considerably younger than A.
A䋺 䈭䉖䈘䈇䈮 䈭䈦䈢䈱䋿
B䋺 䈖䈫䈚 䈲䈢䈤䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䉁䈣 䈖䈉䈖䈉↢䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈦䈢䉋䇯
B䋺 䈾䉖䈫䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
8
How old did have you become?
I became (turned) twenty this year.
I thought you were still a high school student.
Really?
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Informal conversation between close friends
A䋺 I’ll be late. I’ll be late. I have no time.
B䋺 Where are you going?
A䋺 My afternoon part time job.
B䋺 About how many minutes will it take from here?
A䋺 15 minutes by bicycle.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈍䈒䉏䉎䇯䈍䈒䉏䉎䇯䈛䈎䉖䈏 䈭䈇䉋䇯
䈬䈖䈮 䈇䈒䈱䋿
䈗䈗䈱 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䈣䉋䇯
䈖䈖䈎䉌 䈭䉖䈺䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉎䈱䋿
䈛䈩䉖䈚䉆䈪 ච੖䈸䉖䇯
2. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 It has already become autumn.
B䋺 The days are still hot. But the nights are cold.
A䋺 Since I like chestnuts, I am going to go to the mountains.
B䋺 That’s nice.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䉅䈉 䈅䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䈰䇯
䉁䈣 䈵䉎䈲 䈅䈧䈇䈪䈜䇯䈪䉅䇮䉋䉎䈲 䈘䉃䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈒䉍䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈣䈎䉌䇮ጊ䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
Lesson 8 – starting and beginning
3. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 What time did the party become?
B䋺 I think it will start around nine. But I don’t know yet.
A䋺 It’s already late. Around when will you know?
B䋺 I will know after today’s afternoon class.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈲 䈭䉖䈛䈮 䈭䈦䈢䈱䋿
䈢䈹䉖 ਻䈛䈗䉐 䈲䈛䉁䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈉䇯䈪䉅 䉁䈣 䉒䈎䉌䈭䈇䇯
䉅䈉 䈍䈠䈇䈰䇯䈇䈧䈗䉐 䉒䈎䉎䈱䋿
䈐䉊䈉䈱 䈗䈗䈱 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈱 䈅䈫䈪 䉒䈎䉎䉋䇯
4. Polite conversation between co-workers who have just met
A䋺 From today I will work here. My best regards.
B䋺 Where did you come from?
A䋺 I came from Kyoto.
B䋺 How old are you?
A䋺 I will be 21 this year.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈐䉊䈉䈎䉌 䈖䈖䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䇯䉋䉐䈚䈒 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈬䈖䈎䉌 䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
䈐䉊䈉䈫䈎䉌 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈇䈒䈧 䈪䈜䈎䇯
䈖䈫䈚 ੑච৻䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
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166
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œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲 䈘䈫䈉 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲 ᄢ䈘䈎䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽳㩷 䈖䈫䈚䇮ੑච੖䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽴㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈍䉖䈏䈒䈱 䈞䉖↢䈪䈜䇯
㽵㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱 ↢䈫䈲 ච੖ੱ䈪䈜䇯
㽶㩷 ਃ䈘䈇䈎䉌 ౐䈘䈇䉁䈪䈱 ↢䈫䈏 䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽷㩷 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲 䈖䈉䈼䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽸㩷 䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 ੑච䈺䉖 䈓䉌䈇 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽹㩷 㩷 䈅䈘䈱 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈲 ਻䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉎䈎䉌 ੑ䈛䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈍䈐䉁䈜䇯
㽺㩷 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈲 ච৻䈛䈮 䈍䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽻㩷 㩷 䈍䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䈲 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈱 䉟䉺䊥䉝䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱 䉂䈞䈪 䈇䈧䉅
㽼㩷 䈖䈱 䈍䉂䈞䈲 䈫䈩䉅 䉇䈜䈇䈪䈜䇯
㽽㩷 䈗䈗䈱 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈲 ৻䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽾㩷 ྾䈛䈮 䈍䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
㽿㩷 ৻ᣣ䈮 ྾䈎䈇 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㾀㩷 ੖䈛䈲䉖䈗䉐 䈇䈋䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
㾁㩷 䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䈲 䈾䈫䉖䈬 䈇䈋䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
㾂㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱 䈎䈡䈒䈲 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈫 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈫 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈪䈜䇯
㾃㩷 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈲 䉁䈣 䈖䈉䈖䈉↢䈪䈜䇯
㾄㩷 㩷 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈲 ᧁ䉋䈉ᣣ䈎䉌 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䉁䈪 䉇䈦䈐䉊䈒䈪 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕
䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
㾅㩷 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲 䉰䊤䊥䊷䊙䊮䈪䈜䇯
㩷
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䉅㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈫㩷 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮㩷 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯㩷
㩷
ભ䉂䈱ᣣ䈱㩷 䈅䈘䈲㩷 ච䈛䉁䈪㩷 䈰䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈲㩷 䈎䈡䈒䈱㩷 䉂䉖䈭䈏㩷 ભ䉂䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
৻䈎᦬䈮㩷 ৻䈎䈇䇮ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮㩷 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮㩷 䈖䈉䈋䉖䈪㩷 䊁䊆䉴䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 8 – activities
8
167
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㪈㪅
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈘䈫䈉䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈬䈖䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈘䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 ↢䈫䈏㩷 䈭䉖ੱ䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱㩷 ↢䈫䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈘䈇䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䈅䈘䈱㩷 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉌䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䈍䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧䉅㩷 䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䈗䈗䈱㩷 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉌㩷 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 ৻ᣣ䈮㩷 䈭䉖䈎䈇㩷 䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪈㪅㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈮㩷 䈇䈋䈮㩷 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪉㪅㩷 䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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㪈㪊㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈎䈡䈒䈲㩷 䈭䉖ੱ䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪈㪋㪅㩷 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈘䉖䈱㩷 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪈㪌㪅㩷 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷㩷
㪈㪍㪅 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䉖䉋䈉ᣣ䈮㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㪈㪎㪅 䈅䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈎䈡䈒䈲㩷 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮㩷 䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹįġ 䉒䈢䈚䈲㩷 䈖䈫䈚䇮ੑච౎䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
Æ thirty years old㩷
Æ last year㩷 㩷
Æ next year㩷
Æ forty years old㩷
䉒䈢䈚䈲㩷 䈖䈫䈚䇮ਃච䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
䉒䈢䈚䈲㩷 䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮ਃච䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
䉒䈢䈚䈲㩷 䉌䈇䈰䉖䇮ਃච䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
䉒䈢䈚䈲㩷 䉌䈇䈰䉖䇮྾ච䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㪈㪅 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲㩷 䉁䈇ᣣ㩷 ਻䈛䈮㩷 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ on Saturdays
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ this store㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ ten o’clock
㩷
㩷
Æ from Monday until Friday 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 8 – activities
169
㪉㪅 䈐䉊䈰䉖䈎䉌㩷 䈚䈗䈫䉕㩷 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ three years ago
㩷
Æ seven months ago
㩷
Æ from three o’clock
㩷
Æ started class㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲㩷 䉁䈇ᣣ㩷 ੖䈛䈮㩷 䈍䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ yesterday㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ tomorrow㩷
㩷
Æ I think…㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ I heard…㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅 䈞䉖᦬䈱㩷 ౎ᣣ䈎䉌㩷 䉮䊮䊎䊆䈪㩷 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ since June of last year
㩷
㩷
Æ at that hotel over there
㩷
㩷
Æ at this company㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ since the ninth of last month 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
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‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷
㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䈇䈧㩷 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䉕㩷 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈚䈗䈫䋯䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈮㩷 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䋯䈬䈱䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮㩷 䈇䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈖䈱䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈮㩷 䈍䉒䉎䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䉖᦬䈗䉐䇮䈸䉉䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷 䈛䉆䈅䇮䈭䉖᦬䈗䉐䇮䈭䈧䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈖䈫䈚䇮䈭䉖䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
171
Lesson 9 – kanji ᨋ᫪⍹⧎›⯻↸
Kanji Lesson
9
߇
ႅ૩୞‫ࡂـ‬ಖ಴
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you to
memorize the different readings.
6
2
5
1
3
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈲䉇䈚
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊥䊮
䈲䉇䈚
8 strokes
12 strokes
1
2
5
5 strokes
2
3
1
4
5
7 strokes
䉂䈧䊶䉍䉖
䈘䉖䊶䉍䉖
䈛䉖䊶䈖䈉䊶䉍䉖
䉍䉖䊶䈗
䈳䈇䊶䉍䉖
ᨋ
ኒᨋ
ጊᨋ
ੱᎿᨋ
ᨋ᯦
᪢ᨋ
woods;
forest
jungle, thick
forest
mountain
forest
planted forest
(man-made)
apple
plum grove
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉅䉍
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䊮
䉅䉍
䈚䉖䊶䉍䉖
䈅䈍䊶䉅䉍䊶䈔䉖
䉅䉍䊶䈱䊶䈭䈎
᫪
᫪ᨋ
㕍᫪⋵
᫪䈱ਛ
forest;
woods
forest; woods
Aomori Prefecture
in the forest
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈇䈚
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䉨䇮䉲䊞䉪䇮䉮䉪
䈇䈚
䈞䈐䊶䈙䈇
䈛䊶䈚䉆䈒
䈾䈉䊶䈞䈐
䈇䈦䊶䈞䈐䊶䈮䊶䈤䉊䈉
⍹
⍹᧚
⏛⍹
ቲ⍹
৻⍹ੑ㠽
stone
stone
materials
magnet
jewel stone
two birds with one
stone
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈲䈭
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉦
䈲䈭
䈎䊶䈣䉖
䈒䈘䊶䈳䈭
䈲䈭䊶䈶
䈵䊶䈳䈭
䈇䊶䈔䊶䈳䈭
⧎
⧎ს
⨲⧎
⧎Ἣ
Ἣ⧎
↢䈔⧎
flower
flower bed
flowering
plant
fireworks
spark
flower
arrangement
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2
4
1
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈇䈯
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉬䊮
䈇䈯
䈔䉖䊶䈚
䈅䈇䊶䈔䉖
䈱䊶䉌䊶䈇䈯
›
›ᱤ
ᗲ›
㊁⦟›
›ዊደ
⋤ዉ›
4 strokes
dog
cuspid
tooth
pet dog
stray dog
doghouse
seeing-eye dog
4
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉃䈚
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉼䊠䉡
3
1
2
䉃䈚
䉃䈚䊶䈳
䉋䈉䊶䈤䉈䈉
⯻
⯻ᱤ
ᐜ⯻
ኂ⯻
ᄤ㆏⯻
Ძ⯻
6 strokes
bug, insect
cavity,
bad tooth
larva
harmful bug
ladybug
caterpillar
6
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉁䈤
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉼䊢䉡
6
5
2
1
7
7 strokes
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇䈯䊶䈗䊶䉇 䉅䈉䊶䈬䈉䊶䈔䉖
߇
䈏䈇䊶䈤䉈䈉 䈩䉖䊶䈫䈉䊶䉃䈚
䈔䊶䉃䈚
䉁䈤
䉁䈤䊶䈲䈝䉏
䈤䉊䈉䊶䈎䈇
䈚䈢䊶䉁䈤
䈤䉊䈉䊶䈤䉊䈉
↸
↸ᄖ䉏
↸ળ
ਅ↸
↸㐳
town
outskirts of
town
town council;
town meeting
downtown
head of town
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
ġ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
Lesson 9 – kanji activities
173
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
the vocabulary, and learn new words at the same time.
䈲䉇䈚
ႅ!
㩷
woods
䉅䉍
૩!
forest!
䈇䈚
୞!
stone㩷
䈲䈭
‫!ـ‬
!
flower
ႅ
૩
୞
‫ـ‬
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䈇䈯
ࡂ
ࡂ!
dog!
䉃䈚
ಖ!
!
bug, insect
䉁䈤
಴
಴!
town!
䈘䉖䉍䉖
५ႅ!
mountain forest㩷
䈚䉖䉍䉖
૩ႅ!
woodland㩷
䈲䈭䈶
‫!غـ‬
fireworks㩷
䈖 䈇 䈯
䈚䈢䉁䈤
downtown
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷
㩷
५ႅ
૩ႅ
‫غـ‬
ঊࡂ
ঊࡂ!
puppy㩷
‫ئ‬಴!
ಖ
㩷
‫ئ‬಴
Q
Lesson 9 – kanji activities
175
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate kanji.
䉅䉍
䈲䉇䈚
䈭䈎
㩷
1.
䉇
䈱
䈲 䈅䈧䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
䉃䈦
䈍䈍
䈇䈚
㩷
2.
䈐䈇
䈏
䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㩷 䈅䈠䈖䈮
㩷㩷 㩷 㩷
䈤䈇
䉃䈚
䈚䈢
㩷
3.
䈘䈇㩷 㩷 㩷 䈏 䈧䈒䈋䈱㩷 㩷 㩷 䈮 䈇䉁䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
䈮
䈖
䈲䈭
䈶
䈣䈇
㩷
4.
䈾䉖䈱
䈬䉅䈲
䈏
䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
䉁䈤
䈮
䈞䉖 䈘䉖
㩷
5. 䈖䈱
䈮
䈰䉖䈎䉌 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
䈇䈯
䈖
䈛䉈䈦
㩷
6.
䈏
䈷䈐 䈇䉁䈜䇯
㩷
䈇䈯
䉄
䉂䉂
㩷
㩷 䉒䈢䈚䈱
7.
䈲
䈏 䈅䈍䈒䈩䇮
㩷 䈏 䉫䊧䊷䈪䈜䇯
ġ
㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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ŴŦŵġĺ
㩷 VOCABULARY GROUPS
M
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
potted plants
bamboo
palm tree
cactus
tulip
sunflower
acorn
mushroom
N
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
circle
triangle
square
box
rectangle
O
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
button
sandals
sneakers
high heels
one-piece dress
jacket
jeans
shoelace
㩷
㩷
űŭŢůŵŴġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈉䈋䈐
䈢䈔
䉇䈚䈱䈐
䉰䊗䊁䊮
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
䈵䉁䉒䉍
䈬䉖䈓䉍
䈐䈱䈖
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ᬀᧁ
┻
ᬔሶ䈱ᧁ
䉰䊗䊁䊮
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
ะᣣ⫓
࿅ᩙ
⨧
ŴũŢűŦŴ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䉁䉎
䈘䉖䈎䈒
䈚䈎䈒
䈲䈖
䈤䉊䈉䈾䈉䈔䈇
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ਣ
ਃⷺ
྾ⷺ
▫
㐳ᣇᒻ
ŤŭŰŵũŪůŨ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊗䉺䊮
䉰䊮䉻䊦
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
䉳䊷䊌䊮
䈒䈧䈵䉅
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊗䉺䊮
䉰䊮䉻䊦
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
䉳䊷䊌䊮
㕦⚌
Lesson 9 – wanting to do
177
㩷 Lesson
My Birthday
㩷
wanting to do
㩷 Level 㽴
㩷
㩷 9 łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
9
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ᨋ᫪⍹⧎›⯻↸
2. review vocabulary group set 9
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1䋮 learn the “want to” version of verbs
9
ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈚䉖䉉䈉
ⷫ෹
best friend
䈙䉖䈰䉖
ᱷᔨ
unfortunate
䈇䈧䈎
䈇䈧䈎
someday
䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫
䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫
clip-on earrings
䊏䉝䉴
䊏䉝䉴
pierced earrings
䈶䉊䈉᳇
∛᳇
sick
䈒䈜䉍
⮎
medicine
䈤䉈䈉
ਛฎゞ
used car
䈲䉇䈒
ᣧ䈒
quickly, fast, hurry up!
䊤䉾䊒
䊤䉾䊒
rap music
䈇䈐
ᕷ
breath
䈛䉊䈉
એ਄
over~
~䈇ਅ
䈎
એਅ
under~
䈬䈉䈚䈩
䈬䈉䈚䈩
why?
䈐
ਛ 䈖䈚䉆
~䈇 ਄
178
9
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ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
̹ĮŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈜䈉
ๆ䈉
䈜䈦䈢
to smoke, to inhale
regular
䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉎
䈜䈐䈮䈭䉎
䈜䈐䈮䈭䈦䈢
to come to like
regular
䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉎
ህ䈇䈮䈭䉎
䈐䉌䈇䈮䈭䈦䈢
to come to dislike
regular
9
ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̳̠ġ ĩŵŰġŴŮŰŬŦĭġŵŰġŪůũŢŭŦĪġ
This verb can also mean “to suck” (as in a vacuum), but it is most commonly understood to
mean smoking. The thing being smoked is marked with 䉕.
[something] 䉕 䈜䈉
to smoke, inhale [something]
Example Sentences 䈅
1. 䉃䈎䈚䈲 䉺䊋䉮䉕 䈜䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A long time ago I smoked.
2. 䉺䊋䉮䉕 䈜䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
Do you smoke?
3. 䈇䈐䉕㩷 䈜䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䋣
Let’s inhale!
‰ ̧̳ͅġ ̈́ͥġ İġ ̧̞ͣͅġ ̈́ͥġ
This verb is common in Japanese but maybe not in English. It basically means that,
although someone might not have liked or disliked something in the past, they have come
to like or dislike it. The particle 䈏 marks the thing that the person comes to like or dislike.
[something] 䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉎
to come to like [something]
[something] 䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉎
to come to dislike [something]
Lesson 9 – wanting to do
179
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䉃䈎䈚䈲 䉺䊋䉮䉕 䈜䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯䈪䉅䇮䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
A long time ago I smoked tobacco. But I don’t like it now.
2. 䈭䉖䈪䇮䈰䈖䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
How come you dislike cats? (What happened to make you come to dislike cats?)
3. 䊤䉾䊒䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
I have come to like rap. (I now like rap.)
Be careful – when 䈜䈐䈮䈭䉎 and 䈐䉌䈇䈮䈭䉎 are in the 䈩-form, then 䉕 is used
instead of 䈏 to mark the item.
4. 䉒䈢䈚䉕 䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉌䈭䈇䈪ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Don’t come to dislike me.
9
ńŶŭŵŶųŦġńŭŪűġ ΃σΙλȜƦ·ςΛί
In America, when we say earrings, it can mean clip-on or pierced earrings. In Japan, when
they say 䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫, they mean clip-on earrings. Pierced earrings are referred to as 䊏䉝䉴.
9
ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŘũŢŵġŪŴġ ͈̈́ŀġ ġ
When you ask something using a noun or a 䈭-adjective informally, you can replace
䈪䈜䈎 with 䈭䈱. And with a verb you can replace 䈪䈜䈎 with a simple 䈱.
[noun / 䈭-adjective] + 䈭䈱䋿
Is it [noun / 䈭-adjective] ?
[informal verb / 䈇 adjective] + 䈱䋿
Is it [䈇-adjective] / Does it [verb]?
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ġ
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈖䈱䈇䉐䈏 䈜䈐䈭䈱䋿
2. 䈐䉊䈉䈲 ᦬䉋䈉ᣣ䈭䈱䋿
3. 䈍䈜䈚䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈭䈱䋿
Do you like this color?
Is today Monday?
Do you dislike sushi?
4. 䈇䉁䇮䉥䊷䉴䊃䊤䊥䉝䈲 䈅䈧䈇䈱䋿
5. 䈬䈉䈚䈩 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈭䈇䈱䋿
6. 䉅䈉 䈉䈤䈮 䈎䈋䉎䈱䋿
Is Australia hot now?
How come you don’t study?
You are going home already?
‰ ŐŷŦųġŢůťġŶůťŦųġŢůġŢŮŰŶůŵġ ġ
䈛䉊䈉
䈎
This is an easy grammar point using 䈇 ਄ ( ~ or above) and 䈇ਅ ( ~ or below.) When
you want to say a certain amount and above, or a certain amount and below, 䈇਄ or 䈇ਅ
is added after the amount. This works with any kind of quantity.
[amount] + 䈇਄ or 䈇ਅ
over or under and including
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
[amount]
1000 dollars or greater
100 people or less
two things or more
ජ䊄䊦䈇਄
⊖ੱ䈇ਅ
ੑ䈧䈇਄
‰ ŊġŸŢůŵġŵŰ…ġ ġ ŕũŦġ ̹̞ġ ŷŦųţġŧŰųŮġ ġ
To make the “want to” form of a verb, 䈢䈇 is added to the 䈇 form of the verb. For regular
verbs the following pattern is used:
Regular Verbs
[䈇-form verb] + 䈢䈇
I want to [verb]
޿ࠆ㧛߃ࠆ Verbs
[䈉-form verb minus 䉎] + 䈢䈇
I want to [verb]
Lesson 9 – wanting to do
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
䈢䈼䈢䈇
䈇䈐䈢䈇
䈎䈋䉍䈢䈇
䈱䉂䈢䈇
䈅䈇䈢䈇
䈚䈢䈇
䈲䈛䉄䈢䈇
䈭䉍䈢䈇
181
want to eat
want to go
want to return
want to drink
want to meet
want to do
want to start
want to become
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
Notice that the particles for the verbs in the 䈢䈇 form do not change in the sentence.
However, the object marker 䉕 is often replaced with 䈏.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I want to be a pilot.
I want to eat pizza.
I want to drink water.
I want to drink a cold beer.
I want to go to Europe.
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊏䉱䉕 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
᳓䈏 䈱䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈧䉄䈢䈇䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈱䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
‰ ŘŢůŵŦťġŵŰ…ĭġťŰů’ŵġŸŢůŵġŵŰ…ĭġťŪťů’ŵġŸŢůŵġŵŰ…ġ
The 䈢䈇 form is conjugated into other tenses just like 䈇-adjectives are. Here are all of the
䈢䈇 forms:
present/future positive
want to ~
present/future negative
don’t want to ~
past positive
wanted to ~
past negative
didn’t want to ~
䈢䈇
䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
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present/future negative don’t want to ~
don’t want to eat
don’t want to go
don’t want to return
don’t want to drink
don’t want to meet
don’t want to do
don’t want to start
don’t want to become
don’t want to work
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴ 䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈇䈐䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈎䈋䉍䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈱䉂䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈅䈇䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈚䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈲䈛䉄䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈭䉍䈢䈒䈭䈇
䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈒䈭䈇
past positive wanted to ~
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴ
䈢䈼䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈇䈐䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈎䈋䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈱䉂䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈅䈇䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈚䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈲䈛䉄䈢䈎䈦䈢
䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢
wanted to eat
wanted to go
wanted to return
wanted to drink
wanted to meet
wanted to do
wanted to start
wanted to become
past negative didn’t want to ~
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴ 䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈇䈐䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈎䈋䉍䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈱䉂䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈅䈇䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈚䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈲䈛䉄䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
䈭䉍䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢
didn’t want to eat
didn’t want to go
didn’t want to return
didn’t want to drink
didn’t want to meet
didn’t want to do
didn’t want to start
didn’t want to become
Lesson 9 – wanting to do
183
‰ ŕũŦġŧŰųŮŢŭŪŵźġŰŧġŵũŦġ ̹̞ġ ŷŦųţġŧŰųŮŴġ ġ
The 䈢䈇 forms by themselves are informal. To make them polite, 䈪䈜 is added after the
verb.
polite forms of 䈢䈇
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
䉟䉺䊥䉝䉍䉊䈉䉍䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊖䉾䊃䊄䉾䉫䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
䈇䉁䈲 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈭䈮䉅 䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
9
I want to eat Italian food.
I wanted to eat hotdogs.
I don’t want to eat much now.
I didn’t want to eat anything.
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your translation to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䈇䈢䈇䈔䈬䇮䈅䈚䈢 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈭䉖䈪 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈎䈋䉍䈢䈒䈭䈇䈔䈬䇮䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈏 䈶䉊䈉᳇䈣䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
B䋺 䈇䈧䈎 䉒䈢䈚䉅 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
I want to be with you, but tomorrow I am returning to America.
Why are you going back?
I do not want to go back, but my mother is sick.
Someday, I also want to go to America.
2. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈎䈇䈢䈇䈔䈬䇮䈍㊄䈏 䈭䈇䉋䇯
B䋺 䈇䈒䉌䈭䈱䋿
A䋺 䈟䉖䈹 䈢䈎䈇䇯৻䉁䉖੖ජ䊄䊦䈇਄䈣䉋䇯
䈤䉈䈉
B䋺 䈭䉖䈪 䉇䈜䈒䈩䇮䈇䈇 ਛ 䈖䈚䉆䉕 䈎䉒䈭䈇䈱䋿
A䋺 ਛ䈖䈚䉆䈲 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈇䈇䈫 䈍䉅䉒䈭䈇䇯䈎䈇䈢䈒䈭䈇䉋䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
I want to buy a new car, but I don’t have any money.
How much is it?
They are all expensive. They are over $15,000.
Why don’t you buy a cheap and nice used car?
I don’t think used cars are good. I don’t want to buy one.
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3. Polite conversation at a Japanese Inn
A䋺 䈅䈚䈢 䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䈮 䈭䈮䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈢䉁䈗䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯䈅䈫 䊊䊛䉅 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䉒䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯౐䈛䈮 䈍䈐䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
A䋺 What do you want to eat for breakfast tomorrow morning?
B䋺 I want to eat eggs. And also ham, please.
A䋺 Okay. Please wake up at six.
9
ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Informal conversation between a boyfriend and a girlfriend
A䋺 I want to take a trip with you someday.
B䋺 Sure. Where do you want to go?
A䋺 I want to go to Europe the most.
B䋺 Europe is far! I don’t want to go. Where is the second place (you want to go)?
A䋺 I want to go to Canada.
B䋺 I also wanted to go to Canada since a long time ago.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈇䈧䈎 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䈢䈇䈰䇯
䈠䈉䈰䇯䈬䈖䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈱䋿
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈮 ৻䈳䉖 䈇䈐䈢䈇䇯
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈲 䈫䈍䈇䉋䇯 䈇䈐䈢䈒䈭䈇䉋䇯ੑ䈳䉖⋡䈲 䈬䈖䋿
䉦䊅䉻䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䇯
䈿䈒䉅 䉃䈎䈚䈎䉌 䉦䊅䉻䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈎䈦䈢䇯
2. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 Your face sure is red.
B䋺 I know. I took some medicine, but it didn’t work.
A䋺 Are you working tomorrow?
B䋺 Yes, but I don’t want to go.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈎䈍䈏 䈅䈎䈇䈰䇯
䈠䈉䋮䋮䋮䇯䈒䈜䉍䉕 䈱䉖䈣䈔䈬䇮䈣䉄䇯
䈅䈚䈢䈲䇮䈚䈗䈫䋿
䈉䉖䇮䈪䉅䇮䈇䈐䈢䈒䈭䈇䉋䇯
Lesson 9 – wanting to do
3. Conversation between a mother and a child
A䋺 Did you take some medicine?
B䋺 Not yet.
A䋺 Take it right away, please.
B䋺 I don’t want to take it because it is bitter.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈒䈜䉍䉕 䈱䉖䈣䈱䋿
䉁䈣䇯
䈲䉇䈒 䈱䉖䈪䉋䇯
䈮䈏䈇䈎䉌 䈱䉂䈢䈒䈭䈇䉋䇯
4. Informal conversation between friends
A䋺 䈬䈖䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈱䋿
B䋺 䈮䈚䈖䈉䈋䉖䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䇯
A䋺 䈮䈚䈖䈉䈋䉖䈲 䉅䈉 䈭䈇䉋䇯
B䋺 䈋䈋䇮䈉䈠䇯䈙䉖䈰䉖䈣䈰䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Where do you want to go?
I want to go to East park.
There is no more East park.
Oh, man. That sure is unfortunate.
5. Conversation between co-workers.
A’s status is higher in the company, so A is informal and B is polite.
A䋺 䈐䈱䈉 䈭䈟 ੑ䈛䈱 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈮 䈖䈭䈎䈦䈢䈱䋿
B䋺 䈇䈐䈢䈎䈦䈢䈔䈬䇮䈚䈗䈫䈏 ੖䈛䉁䈪 䈅䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
A䋺 䈙䉖䈰䉖䈣䈦䈢䈰䇯 䈫䈩䉅 䈢䈱䈚䈎䈦䈢䉋䇯
A䋺 How come you didn’t come to the two o’clock party yesterday?
B䋺 I wanted to go, but I had work until five o’clock.
A䋺 That’s unfortunate. It was really fun.
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186
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œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲
㽳
㽴
㽵
㽶
䈅䈚䈢䈲 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䈪䈜䇯
ੑච৻䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈲 䈍䈳䈅䈘䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈪 ੑ䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈢䈹䉖䇮ਃචੱ䈓䉌䈇 䈒䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈚䉖䉉䈉䈱 䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈚䈗䈫䈏 ੖䈛䈮 䈍䉒䉎䈎䉌䇮䊌䊷
䊁䉞䊷䈮 䈖䈭䈇䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽷 䈙䉖䈰䉖䈪䈜䇯
㽸 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈱 䈅䈫䇮䊃䊛䊶䉪䊦䊷䉵䈱 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇 䈋䈇䈏䈏 䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
㽹 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䊃䊛䊶䉪䊦䊷䉵䈱 ᄢ䊐䉜䊮䈪䈜䇯
㽺 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈱 䈅䈫
㽻
㽼
㽽
㽾
㽿
䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈲 䈫䈩䉅 䈢䈱䈚䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈖䈭䈎䈦䈢䈔䈬䇮䈅䈚䈢䈱 ྾䈛䈮 䈎䈱䈛䉊䈫 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈔䈚䉊䈉䈵䉖䈏 䈎䈇䈢䈇䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈭䈮䉅 䈎䈇䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈪䉅䇮䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈮 䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䈱 䊒䊧䉷䊮䊃䉕 䉂䈞䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
Lesson 9 – activities
9
187
łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
ġ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈱㩷 䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䈲㩷 䈇䈧䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈲㩷 䈅䈚䈢㩷 䈭䉖䈘䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈲㩷 䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈢䉖䈛䉊䈉ᣣ䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉌㩷 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈱㩷 䈚䉖䉉䈉䈱㩷 䈭䉁䈋䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈅䈚䈢㩷 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈮㩷 䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䈭䉖䈪㩷 䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈲㩷 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈱䈅䈫䇮䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅 䉒䈚䉆䈲㩷 䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䈱㩷 䈧䈑䈱ᣣ䈮㩷 䈣䉏䈫㩷 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮㩷 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 䈢䈎䈖䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪈㪅㩷 䉒䈚䉆䈲㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈎䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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‰ ŗŦųţġŤŰůūŶŨŢŵŪŰůġųŦŷŪŦŸġ
Fill in the blanks on the chart with the correct verb conjugations.
ġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŇŰųŮġ
ġ
̞̈́ĮŧŰųŮġ
ġ
̹̞ĮŧŰųŮġ
ġ
1
to do your best
߇ࠎ߫ࠆ
߇ࠎ߫ࠄߥ޿
߇ࠎ߫ࠅߚ޿
2
to work
3
to shop
4
to pay
5
to answer
6
to meet
7
to play; hang out
8
to live
9
to show
10 to smoke
11 to raise an animal
12 to begin (active)
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
Lesson 9 – activities
189
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹį㩷 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈚䈗䈫䉕㩷 䈚䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ don’t want to study㩷
Æ yesterday㩷
㩷
Æ didn’t want to eat㩷㩷
Æ today㩷
㩷
㩷 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷 䈐䈱䈉䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯㩷
䈐䈱䈉䇮䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯㩷 㩷
䈐䉊䈉䇮䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㪈㪅 䉺䊋䉮䈏㩷 䈐䉌䈇䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ come to like
㩷
㩷
Æ Japanese homework㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ Japanese food㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ dislike㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 䈖䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈲㩷 ੑජ䊄䊦㩷 䈇਄䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ $1,500 or less㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ $10,000 or more
Æ $30,000 or less 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ $3,000 or more
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈠䈱䉲䊞䉿䈏㩷 䈐䉌䈇䈭䈱㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ Do you disike rap music?㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ Do you like that store?
㩷
㩷
Æ Is Saturday tomorrow?
㩷
Æ Is today the fifth?㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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㪋㪅 ᳓䈏㩷 䈱䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ eat an apple
㩷
㩷
Æ buy pierced earrings㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ study Spanish
㩷
Æ become a teacher㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ go to the concert㩷㩷
㩷
‰ ŕųŢůŴŭŢŵŪŰůġ
Translate the following sentences with the correct -ߚ޿ verb form.
㩷
1.
㩷
㩷
2.
㩷
㩷
3.
㩷
㩷
4.
㩷
㩷
5.
㩷
㩷
6.
㩷
㩷
7.
㩷
㩷
I want to work at this company.
㩷
㩷
I wanted to eat sukiyaki in Japan.
㩷
㩷
I don’t want to hear rap music.㩷
㩷
㩷
I didn’t want to take (drink) medicine yesterday.㩷
㩷
㩷
I want to watch a movie this Saturday.
㩷
㩷
I wanted to work part-time at a Japanese restaurant.
㩷
㩷
I didn’t want to have (buy) a dog.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 9 – activities
191
‰ ġ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
ġ
Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Yamada are talking about smoking.
䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖:
䉇䉁䈣䈘䉖䇮䉁䈢 䈢䈳䈖䉕 䈜䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈰䇯
䉇䉁䈣䈘䉖:
䈲䈇䇯䈘䈇䈐䉖䇮䈒䈞䈮 䈭䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖:
䈠䉏䈲 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈭䉖䈿䉖⋡䈪䈜䈎䇯
䉇䉁䈣䈘䉖:
䈢䈹䉖䇮ච੖䈾䉖⋡䈪䈜䇯䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈇䈧䉅 ੑච䉀䉖䈇䈛䉊䈉䇮䈜䈇䉁䈜䉋䇯
䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖:
䈠䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈟䉖䈟䉖䇮䈜䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
䉇䉁䈣䈘䉖:
䈬䈉䈚䈩䈪䈜䈎䇯
䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖:
䈏䉖䈮 䈭䉎䈫 䈐䈇䈢䈎䉌䇮䈢䈳䈖䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉇䉁䈣䈘䉖:
䈠䈉䈪䈜䈎㵺䇯䈛䉆䈅䇮ච䉀䉖 䈇䈎䈭䉌䇮ᄢ䈛䉊䈉䈹䈣䈫䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈢䈭䈎䈘䉖:
䈣䉄䈪䈜䉋䋣 䈢䈳䈖䈲 䉇䉄䉁䈚䉊䈉䋣
New Words and Expressions in the dialogue
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈘䈇䈐䉖
䈒䈞
䈏䉖
䈭䉌
䉇䉄䉎
ŌŢůūŪġĬ
ᦨㄭ
≻
≸
䈭䉌
ᱛ䉄䉎
ņůŨŭŪŴũ
recently
habit
cancer
if…
to quit
192
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‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱㩷 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈖䉖䉇䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䈲㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷 ᣣ䈾䉖䈪㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䈢䈳䈖䉕㩷 䉋䈒㩷 䈜䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷 䈭䉖䈿䉖䈇਄䇮䈜䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䈬䉖䈭䈋䈇䈏䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷 ৻ᣣ䈮㩷 䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖䈇䈛䉊䈉䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
193
Lesson 10 – kanji ᧛↰ᄕ⿒㕍⊕⷗
Kanji Lesson
10
ఆനတ୤୒ฒࡉ
㩷㩷
ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭ
਱
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you
to memorize the different readings.
2
6
5
1
7 strokes
2
1
5 strokes
1
䉃䉌
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉸䊮
䉃䉌
䈠䉖䊶䈤䉊䈉
᧛
᧛㐳
village chief
village
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈢
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊂䊮
䈱䈉䊶䈠䉖
䈑䉊䊶䈠䉖
䉃䉌䊶䈶䈫
ㄘ᧛
Ṫ᧛
᧛ੱ
ጊ᧛
farming
village
fishing
village
villager
mountain
village
䉉䊶䈪䉖
䈪䉖䊶䈤
䈅䈐䊶䈢䊶䈔䉖
↰䉖䈿
ᴤ↰
↰࿾
⑺↰⋵
᳓↰
Akita Prefecture
rice paddy filled
with water
rice paddy,
field
oil field
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉉䈉
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䉨
farmland
䉉䈉䊶䈏䈢
䉉䈉䊶䈼
䉉䈉䊶䈵
ᄕᣇ
ᄕ䈼
䉉䈉䊶䈚䉊䈒
ᄕᣣ
৻ᦺ৻ᄕ
ᄕ㘩
setting sun
in a brief space of time,
in a day
dinner
2
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈅䈎
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䉨䇮䉲䊞䉪
䈅䈎
䈅䈎䊶䈤䉆䉖
䈞䈐䊶䈛䉈䈉䊶䈛
䈞䈐䊶䈬䈉
⿒
⿒䈤䉆䉖
⿒චሼ
6
7 strokes
red
last night
baby
䈜䈇䊶䈪䉖
䈇䈦䊶䈤䉊䈉䊶䈇䈦䊶䈞䈐
evening
7
䈘䉖䊶䈠䉖
䈢䊶䉖䈿
3 strokes
1
3
䈒䉖䉋䉂
the Red Cross
䈅䈎䊶䈛
䈅䈎䊶䈚䈍
⿒㆏
⿒ሼ
⿒ầ
the equator
in the red,
in debt
red tide
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2
1
3
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈅䈍
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䉟䇮䉲䊢䉡
5
䈅䈍
䈞䈇䊶䈰䉖
㕍
4
8 strokes
1
2
5 strokes
7 strokes
blue
䈅䈍䊶䈳
䈅䈍䊶䈚䉖䈗䈉
䈅䈍䊶䈡䉌
㕍ᐕ
㕍⪲
㕍ାภ
㕍ⓨ
㕍ᤐ
young man
green
leaves
blue sky
youth,
adolescent
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈚䉐
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊊䉪䇮䊎䊞䉪
䈲䈒䊶䈛䉖
䈚䉐
⊕ੱ
⊕
⊕䇱䈚䈇
caucasian
white
feigned, plastic
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉂
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉬䊮
green light
䈚䉌䊶䈛䉌䊶䈚䈇 䈖䈒䊶䈲䈒
䈞䈇䊶䈚䉈䉖
䈍䉅䊶䈚䉐䊶䈇
䈵䉊䈉䊶䈲䈒䊶䈙䈇
๔⊕
㕙⊕䈇
ṫ⊕೷
confession
interesting
bleach, bleaching
agent
䉂䊶䉎
䉂䊶䈞䉎
䈇䊶䈔䉖
䈏䈇䊶䈔䉖
䈔䉖䊶䈏䈒
䉂䊶䈾䉖
⷗䉎
⷗䈞䉎
ᗧ⷗
ᄖ⷗
⷗ቇ
⷗ᧄ
to look
to show
opinion
outward
appearance
study by
observation
sample
Lesson 10 – kanji activities
਱
ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
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‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
the words, and learn new words at the same time.
䉃䉌
ఆ!
village
ఆ
㩷
䈅䈎
୤
୤!
red!
䈅䈍
୒
୒!
blue㩷
䈚䉐
ฒ
ฒ!
white!
䈘䉖䈠䉖
५ఆ!
mountain village㩷
䈜䈇䈪䉖
କന!
flooded paddy
䉉䈉
䉉 䈉 䈵
တ඾!
㩷
setting sun
䈲䈒䈛䉖
㩷
caucasion
㩷
㩷
କന
တ͓
တ͓!
evening㩷
ฒ૽!
㩷
५ఆ
တ඾
ฒ૽
Lesson 10 – kanji activities
䉂
㩷 ࡉͥ!
㩷 to see㩷
㩷 䈢
㩷 ന͖ͭ!
㩷 rice paddy㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䉂
㩷 ࡉ̵ͥ!
㩷 to show㩷
㩷
㩷
ࡉͥ
ന͖ͭ
ࡉ̵ͥ
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‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
䉃䉌
㩷
䈵䈫
㩷
1.
䈮
㩷 䈠䈱
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈮㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
2.
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈾䉖䈮䈲
㩷
㩷 䉇䉁
䈉䈋
㩷
3.
䈱
䈱
㩷
㩷 䈅䈍
䈠䉌
㩷
4.
䈇
䈮
㩷
䈲䈒
㩷
㩷
䈬
䈵䉆䈒
䈮䉖
䈏
䈜䈇
䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈪䉖
䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈎
䈛䉖
5.
䈅䈱
㩷
㩷
䉋䉖
䉉䈉
䈇
䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
䈚䉐
䈭䈭
䈇䈒䉅䈏
䈱
㩷㩷
6.
䉋䈉㩷 㩷 㩷 䈲
㩷
䈢
㩷
7.
䉖䈿䈱䉋䈖䈮
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈖
䈍䉖䈭
䈶
䈵
䈱
䈲 䈣䉏䈪䈜䈎䇯
䉇䈜
䉂
䉂䈪䈜䇯䈋䈇䈏䈏
䈅䈎
䈚䉐
䈫
䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈲䈭
䈱
䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 10 – kanji activities
WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ᨋ᫪⍹⧎›⯻↸䇮᧛↰ᄕ⿒㕍⊕⷗
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
P
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
paint
nail
screw
saw
hammer
screwdriver
flathead screwdriver
Phillips screwdriver
bucket
car battery
battery
flashlight
ladder
Q
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
vocabulary, words
noun
adjective
verb
grammar
test
㩷
ŴŦŵġIJı
ŪůġŵũŦġŵŰŰŭġŴũŦťġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊕䊮䉨
䈒䈑
䈰䈛
䈱䈖䈑䉍
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊙䉟䊅䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊒䊤䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊋䉬䉿
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
䈪䉖䈤
䈎䈇䈤䉈䈉䈪䉖䈫䈉
䈲䈚䈗
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊕䊮䉨
㊉
䈰䈛
㍍
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊙䉟䊅䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊒䊤䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊋䉬䉿
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
㔚ᳰ
ᙬਛ㔚Ἦ
䈲䈚䈗
ŪůġŵũŦġŤŭŢŴŴųŰŰŮġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈢䉖䈗
䉄䈇䈚
䈔䈇䉋䈉䈚
䈬䈉䈚
䈹䉖䉀䈉
䊁䉴䊃 / 䈚䈔䉖
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
න⺆
ฬ⹖
ᒻኈ⹖
േ⹖
ᢥᴺ
䊁䉴䊃 / ⹜㛎
Lesson 10 – using ߣ߈
Lesson
10
201
Yumiko’s Cavity
using 䈫䈐
Level 㽴
10 łţŰŶŵġŕũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰů ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ᧛↰ᄕ⿒㕍⊕⷗
2. review vocabulary group set 10
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1䋮 learn to use 䈫䈐 when saying phrases such as “when I …”
10 ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴ ̜̹̱̞̭ͣ͂͊
ŋŢűŢůŦŴŦġ
⯻䈳
䈢䈒䈘䉖
䈲䈇䈚䉆䋨䈘䉖䋩
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃
䈲䈛䉄䈩
ᄢ䈛䉊䈉䈹
䈠䈱䈫䈐
䈜䈓
䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮
䈔䈘
䈣䈔
䈚䉖䈚䉆
ᅚ䈱ሶ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
⯻ᱤ
ᴛጊ
ᱤක⠪
㵪
ೋ䉄䈩
ᄢਂᄦ
䈠䈱ᤨ
䈜䈓
㵪
੹ᦺ
㵪
ᣂゞ
ᅚ䈱ሶ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
cavity
a lot, many
dentist
pilot
first time
all right, safe
that time
right away, immediately
popcorn
this morning
only
a new car
a girl (usually a little girl)
10 ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ ̜̹̱̞̫̞̠̱ͣ͢
łťūŦŤŵŪŷŦġ
䉒䈎䈇
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
⧯䈇
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
young
ŕźűŦġ
䈇-adjective
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10 ŘŰųťġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̭͈͂͊ġ ̥̞̥̹̾
‰ ̹̩̯ͭġ ĩŢġŭŰŵĭġŮŢůźĪ
䈢䈒䈘䉖 can be used with a verb to say something like 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢 (I ate a lot) or
䈢䈒䈘䉖 CD 䈏 䈎䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜 (I want to buy a lot of CDs). It is usually placed directly in
front of the verb and it can be used with any verb tense.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ 䈅
1. 䈔䈘 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䉂䉁䈚䈢䇯
I watched a lot of TV this morning.
2. ᣣ䈾䉖䈪 䈍䈜䈚䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
In Japan I want to eat a lot of sushi.
3. 䊜䉝䊥䊷䈘䉖䈲 䈔䈚䉊䈉䈵䉖䉕 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Mary bought a lot of make-up.
䈢䈒䈘䉖 can also be made into an adjective by adding 䈱.
ġ
many dogs
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
䈢䈒䈘䉖䈱 䈇䈯
䈢䈒䈘䉖䈱 䈒䉎䉁
many cars
many fish
䈢䈒䈘䉖䈱 䈘䈎䈭
䈢䈒䈘䉖䈱 ↢䈫
many students
‰ ͉̲͛̀ġ ĩŵũŦġŧŪųŴŵġŵŪŮŦĪġ
䈲䈛䉄䈩 can be placed directly in front of a verb to say things like 䈲䈛䉄䈩 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢
(It is the first time that I ate it). It can be placed almost anywhere in a statement to say that
it is the first time that something is done. It can also be used alone to say 䈲䈛䉄䈩䈪䈜
(It’s the first time). 䈲䈛䉄䈩 can also be made into an adjective by adding 䈱 to it.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈐䉊䈰䉖䈱 䈭䈧䈮 䈲䈛䉄䈩 ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I went to Japan for the first time last summer.
2. 䈅䈘䈦䈩 䈲䈛䉄䈩䈱 䈚䉖䈚䉆䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈜䇯
I will buy my first new car the day after tomorrow.
3. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 ౎䈘䈇䈱 䉃䈜ሶ䈏 䈐䈱䈉 䈲䈛䉄䈩 ᅚ䈱ሶ䈮 䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
My 8-year-old son called a girl for the first time yesterday.
Lesson 10 – using ߣ߈
203
‰ ̺̫ġ ĩŰůŭźĪġ
䈣䈔 is used just like the English “only” except that it is placed after the word.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ ġ
৻䈧 䈣䈔
䉒䈢䈚 䈣䈔
only one
only me
ਛ䈗䈒 䈣䈔
䈐䉊䈉 䈣䈔
only China
only today
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈍䈤䉆䈣䈔 䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
I am only going to drink tea today.
2. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䉇䈜䉂䈲 䈮䈤䉋䈉䈶䈣䈔䈪䈜䇯
My only day off is Sunday.
3. 䈇䈦䈎䈕䈧䈮 䈇䈦䈎䈇䈣䈔䇮䊁䊆䉴䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
I only play tennis once a month.
10 ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ̧͂ġ ŵŰġŴŢźġ“ŸũŦů”ġ
䈫䈐 can be used in several ways to describe a situation. It can come after verbs and
adjectives, and can be linked to other words using the 䈱 particle. When used with verbs,
the verb tense doesn’t matter, but the verb must be in the dictionary form. If you are talking
about a specific time, then the time marker 䈮 is used after 䈫䈐.
informal verb form + 䈫䈐
when [subject] + verb
䈫䈐 with verbs
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
䉒䈢䈚䈏 䈇䈒䈫䈐
䉒䈢䈚䈏 䈢䈼䉎䈫䈐
䈅䈭䈢䈏 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈫䈐
䈅䈭䈢䈏 䈖䈭䈇䈫䈐
↰ਛ䈘䉖䉕 䉂䈢䈫䈐
ᚻ䈏䉂䈏 䈐䈢䈫䈐
when I go
when I eat
when you don’t drink
when you don’t come
when I saw Tanaka
when the letter came
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ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䈭䉖䈘䈇䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯
How old were you when you went to Japan?
2. 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈜䉎䈫䈐䇮䈇䈧䉅 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈪䈜䇯
When I shop, I am always with friends.
3. 䈅䈭䈢䈏 䈇䈋䈮 䈇䈭䈇䈫䈐䇮 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈘䈶䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
When you are not at home, I am sad.
When saying sentences like, “When my father returns home, we will eat,” the Japanese
sentence must be 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈏 䈎䈋䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䈢䈼䉁䈜. Notice that the verb “to return” is in
the past tense. The reason for this is you can only eat after your father has returned home.
If the sentence was 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈏 䈎䈋䉎䈫䈐䇮䈢䈼䉁䈜, then it would mean, “At the point
when my father leaves to come home, we will eat”. Look at the next set of sentences. One
of them will use the present tense form and one will not.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈐䈢䈫䈐䇮 䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯
I will tell you when you come.
2. 䈋䈇䈏䉕 ⷗䉎䈫䈐䇮䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮䉕 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
We will eat popcorn when we watch the movie.
3. 䈉䈤䈮 䈎䈋䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈰䇯
I will call you when I have returned home.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ̧͂ġ ŸŪŵũġůŰŶůŴġŢůťġ ̞ ŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ
You can also use 䈫䈐 to say a phrase like, "When I was a child," 䈖䈬䉅䈱䈫䈐. Notice
that there are no verbs in this phrase. It can also be used with 䈭 and 䈇 adjectives.
[noun] + 䈱 + 䈫䈐
when something/someone is [noun]
[䈇 adjective] + 䈫䈐
when something/someone is [䈇-adjective]
Lesson 10 – using ߣ߈
䈫䈐 with nouns and 䈇 adjectives
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
ච౐䈘䈇䈱 䈫䈐
䈖䈉䈖䈉↢䈱 䈫䈐
䈶䉊䈉᳇䈱 䈫䈐
when I was sixteen years old
when I was in high school
when I am sick
䉒䈢䈚䈏 ዊ䈘䈎䈦䈢䈫䈐
䈅䈧䈇䈫䈐
䈍䈫䈉䈫䈏 䈉䉎䈘䈇䈫䈐
when I was small
when it is hot
when my little brother is loud
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䈠䈫䈏 䈅䈧䈇䈫䈐䇮 䈉䈤䈮 䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
I want to stay home when it is hot outside.
2. 䈇䈠䈏䈚䈒䈭䈇䈫䈐䇮 䈅䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
Let’s meet when we are not busy.
3. 䈅䈢䉁䈏 䈇䈢䈇䈫䈐䇮 䈭䈮䉅㩷 䈚䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
I don’t want to do anything when I have a headache.
‰ ŖŴŪůŨġ ̧͂ġ ŸŪŵũġ ̈́ ŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ
When you use 䈫䈐 with 䈭 adjectives you must have the 䈭 before the 䈫䈐.
䈭 adjective +㩷 䈭 䈫䈐
when something / someone is [䈭 adjective]
䈫䈐 with 䈭 adjectives
ņŹŢŮűŭŦŴġ
ġ
ġ
䈠䈫䈏 䈚䈝䈎䈭䈫䈐
when it is quiet outside ġ
䈇䈋䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈭䈫䈐
when the house is clean
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10 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ŋĮņ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your translation to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between two friends at work
A䋺 䈔䈘䇮䈭䈮䉅 䈢䈼䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
B䋺 䈭䉖䈪 䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䈅䈘䇮䉁䈣 䈰䉃䈇䈫䈐䇮䈭䈮䉅 䈢䈼䈢䈒䈭䈇䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
B䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䉁䈇䈅䈘 䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䉋䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
I didn’t eat anything this morning.
Why?
In the morning, when I am still sleepy, I don’t want to eat anything.
I eat breakfast every morning.
2. Polite conversation between two friends
A䋺 䈇䈧䈎䉌 ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈱 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈖䈉䈖䈉䈱 䈫䈐䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈭䉖䈰䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 ਃ䈰䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Since when have you been studying Japanese?
From when I was in high school.
How many years has it been?
It has been three years.
3. Polite conversation between two business people
A䋺 䈎䈇䈚䉆䉕 䈲䈛䉄䈢䈫䈐䇮䉴䉺䉾䊐䈏 ੑੱ䈣䈔䈪䈚䈢䇯
B䋺 䈇䉁䈲 䈭䉖ੱ 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 ਃච৻ੱ䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
B䋺 䈜䈗䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
When I started the company, there were only two staff members.
How many are there now?
There are now 31.
That’s amazing.
Lesson 10 – using ߣ߈
4. Polite conversation between two friends
A䋺 ዊ䈘䈇䈫䈐䇮䈭䈮䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯䈅䈭䈢䈲䋿
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈾䉖䉇䈘䉖䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 What did you want to be when you were little?
B䋺 I wanted to be a pilot. What about you?
A䋺 I wanted to be a bookshop keeper.
10 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Casual conversation between a boy and a girl
A䋺 When are you going to America?
B䋺 I am leaving next month on the 21st.
A䋺 I will go to the airport with you when you go.
B䋺 Really? Good (I am happy).
A䋺 Are you going by taxi?
B䋺 No, I am going by bus.
A䋺 Okay.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈇䈧㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈇䈒䈱䋿
䉌䈇᦬䈱 ੑච৻ᣣ䈮 䈇䈒䇯
䈒䈉䈖䈉䈮 䈇䈒䈫䈐䇮䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮㩷 䈇䈒䉋䇯
䈾䉖䈫䈉䋿 䈉䉏䈚䈇䈭䇯
䉺䉪䉲䊷䈪㩷 䈇䈒䈱䋿
䈉䈉䉖䇯䊋䉴䈪䇯
䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯
2. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 Do you like your little brother?
B䋺 I don’t like him when he is bothersome, but I like him when he is not bothersome.
A䋺 I see.
B䋺 But I like him the most when he is not here.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈍䈫䈉䈫䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䇯
䈉䉎䈘䈇䈫䈐䈲 䈐䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯䈪䉅䇮䈉䉎䈘䈒䈭䈇䈫䈐䈲 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䈠䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯
䈪䉅䇮䈇䈭䈇䈫䈐䈏 ৻䈳䉖 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
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3. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 When I want to see a movie, I never have any money.
B䋺 What do you do then?
A䋺 I watch TV.
A䋺 䈇䈧䉅 䈋䈇䈏䉕 䉂䈢䈇䈫䈐䇮䈍㊄䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
B䋺 䈠䈱䈫䈐䇮䈭䈮䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䉁䈜䇯
4. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 How old were you when you came to Canada?
B䋺 I think I was seven years old.
A䋺 That sure is young.
A䋺 䉦䊅䉻䈮 䈐䈢䈫䈐䇮䈭䉖䈘䈇䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯
B䋺 ৾䈘䈇䈣䈦䈢䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䉒䈎䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
10 œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġ ̥̞̓̽
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲 䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲 ዊ䈘䈇䈫䈐䇮⯻䈳䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈅䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽳 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈏 ᄢ䈐䉌䈇䈣䈦䈢䈎䉌䇮䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
㽴 ዊ䈏䈦䈖䈉㩷 ੖䈰䉖䈞䈇䈱䈫䈐䇮䈲䈛䉄䈩 䈫䈭䉍䈱㩷 ↸䈱 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽵 䈠䈖䈮 䈫䈩䉅 䉇䈘䈚䈇 䉝䉲䉴䉺䊮䊃䈱 䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈏 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽶 䈠䈱䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈲 䈇䈧䉅㩷 䇸ᄢ䈛䉊䈉䈹䉋䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽷 䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈠䈱䈫䈐䈎䉌 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈏 䈜䈖䈚 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽸 䈇䉁 䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 10 – activities
209
10 łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㩷
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 ዊ䈘䈇䈫䈐㩷 ⯻䈳䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧㩷 䈲䈛䉄䈩㩷 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈬䈖䈱㩷 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈠䈖䈮㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䉝䉲䉴䉺䊮䊃䈏㩷 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈠䈱䉝䉲䉴䉺䊮䊃䈲㩷 䈇䈧䉅㩷 䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈮㩷 䈭䉖䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪㩷 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䉉䉂ሶ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䉁䇮䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
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㩷
㩷
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㩷
㩷
㩷
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㩷
ņŹį㩷 䈔䈘䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 䈢䈒䈘䉖㩷 ⷗䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ a little㩷
Æ only five minutes㩷
Æ only ten minutes㩷
Æ didn’t㩷
䈔䈘䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 䈜䈖䈚㩷 ⷗䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
䈔䈘䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 ੖䈸䉖䈣䈔㩷 ⷗䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
䈔䈘䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 ච䈺䉖䈣䈔㩷 ⷗䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
䈔䈘䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕㩷 ⷗䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
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㪈㪅 ⯻䈳䈏㩷 ৻䉀䉖䈣䈔㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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Æ only two dogs㩷
㩷
Æ only three girls
㩷
Æ only $10.00 in cash
㩷
Æ lots of cash
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㩷
㪉㪅 䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮ੑ䈎䈇㩷 ᣣ䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
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㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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㩷
Æ four times
㩷
Æ for the first time
㩷
Æ bought a new car
㩷
Æ skied
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈲䈢䈤䈮㩷 䈭䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
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Æ when I was in Japan㩷 㩷 㩷
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Æ when my child turned one year old
㩷
Æ when my best friend came back from Japan 㩷
㩷
Æ when I went to Las Vegas
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㩷
㩷
㪋㪅 䈘䈶䈚䈇䈫䈐䇮䈪䉖䉒䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
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Æ when you have time
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Æ when you are not busy㩷 㩷
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Æ when you are bored
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Æ when you are not having fun 㩷
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㩷
㩷
Lesson 10 – activities
211
‰ ŕųŢůŴŭŢŵŪŰůġ
Circle the correct verb form before ߣ߈ and translate the sentences into English.
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ņŹį㩷ᣣ䈾䉖䈮㩷 䈇䈒䋯䈇䈦䈢㩷 䈫䈐䇮䈍䈜䈚䉕㩷 䈢䈒䈘䉖㩷 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷 㩷 When I go to Japan, I want to eat a lot of sushi.
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䈜䉎䋯䈚䈢㩷 䈫䈐䇮䈖䈱䈎䉖䈛䈏㩷 䉒䈎䉍䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈏㩷 䈎䈋䉎䋯䈎䈋䈦䈢㩷 䈫䈐䇮䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮㩷 䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯㩷
㩷
㩷㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈎䉖䈛䈱㩷 䉏䉖䈚䉈䈉䉕㩷 䈜䉎䋯䈚䈢㩷 䈫䈐䇮䈇䈧䉅㩷 䈰䉃䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䉩䊞䊮䊑䊦䉕㩷 䈜䉎䋯䈚䈢㩷 䈫䈐䇮䈍㊄䈏㩷 䈢䈒䈘䉖㩷 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷
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㪉㪅㩷
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㩷
㪊㪅㩷
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㪋㪅㩷
㩷
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㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈍䈭䈎䈏㩷 䈇䈢䈇䈫䈐䇮䈬䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈘䈶䈚䈇䈫䈐䇮䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈚䈗䈫䋯䈏䈦䈖䈉䈏㩷 䈇䈠䈏䈚䈇䈫䈐䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈏㩷 䈭䈇䈫䈐䇮䈉䉏䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈬䉖䈭㩷 䊁䊧䊎䈳䉖䈓䉂䋨program䋩䉕㩷 ⷗䈩䈇䉎䈫䈐䇮䈢䈱䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈋䈇䈏䉕㩷 ⷗䉎䈫䈐䇮䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
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212
㪎㪅
㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪐㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
YesJapan.com
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈜䉎䈫䈐䇮䈍䉖䈏䈒䉕㩷 䈐䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
ዊ䈘䈇䈫䈐䇮䈭䈮䈮㩷 䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
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ዊ䈘䈇䈫䈐䇮䈬䉖䈭䉴䊘䊷䉿䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
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ġġ
‰ ŖŴŦŧŶŭġŦŹűųŦŴŴŪŰůŴġ
Fill in the blanks and complete the sentences below.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䉋䉎䇮䈰䉎䈫䈐䇮㩷 䇸㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈅䈘䇮ੱ䈮䈅䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈵䉎䇮ੱ䈮䈅䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䉋䉎䇮ੱ䈮䈅䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䉎䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䈗䈲䉖䈏㩷 䈍䉒䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䈉䈤䈮㩷 䈎䈋䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䉒䈢䈚䈏㩷 䈉䈤䉕㩷 䈪䉎䈫䈐䇮䇸㩷
㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷
㩿to leave)
㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䈎䈡䈒䈏㩷 䈉䈤䈮㩷 䈎䈋䈦䈢䈫䈐㩷 䇸㩷
㩷 㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
䇹㩷 䈫㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
213
Lesson 11 – kanji ಴౉వᣧᧄᢥ
Kanji Lesson
11
੄ව୶்ུ໲
11 ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭġ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing fast. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you
memorize the various readings.
1
2
3
4
5
5 strokes
2
1
2 strokes
3
1
4
6 strokes
1
2
5
6 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈪䋨䉎䋩䇮䈣䋨䈜䋩
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䊠䉿䇮䉴䉟
䈪䊶䉎
䈣䊶䈜
䈚䉈䈦䊶䈴䈧
䈪䊶䈓䈤
಴䉎
಴䈜
಴⊒
಴ญ
ኅ಴
಴⚊
to come out,
to leave
to put out,
to send
exit
leaving home,
running away
receipts;
expenditures
䈮䉈䈉䊶䈏䈒
departure
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈇䋨䉎䋩䇮䈲䈇䋨䉎䋩
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊆䊠䉡
䈇䈋䊶䈪
䈜䈇䊶䈫䈉
䈲䈇䊶䉎
䈇䊶䉏䉎
䈇䊶䉍䊶䈓䈤
䈮䉈䈉䊶䈇䉖
䈇䊶䉏䊶䉅䈱
౉䉎
౉䉏䉎
౉䉍ญ
౉㒮
౉䉏‛
౉ቇ
container
entry into
school
to enter;
to join
to put in
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈘䈐
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䊮
䈘䈐
䉉䈶䊶䈘䈐
వ
tip; future;
first priority
entrance
hospitalization
䈘䈐䊶䈳䉌䈇
䈞䉖䊶䈞䈇
䈞䉖䊶䈕䈧
ᜰవ
వᛄ䈇
వ↢
వ᦬
finger tip
advance
payment
teacher
last month
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈲䉇
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉸䉡䇮䉰䉾
䈲䉇䊶䈇
䈲䉇䊶䈍䈒䉍
䈲䉇䊶䈒䈤
䈘䈦䊶䈠䈒
䈠䈉䊶䈐
䈲䉇䊶䈍䈐
ᣧ䈇
ᣧㅍ䉍
ᣧญ
ᣧㅦ
ᣧᦼ
ᣧ⿠䈐
early; fast
fast forward
fast talking
right away
early stages
early rising
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2
1
4
5
5 strokes
1
2
4
3
3 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉅䈫
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊖䊮
䈾䉖
䈮䊶䈾䉖
ᧄ
book; main
䈾䉖䊶䈚䉈䈉
䈋䊶䈾䉖
䈘䉖䊶䈿䉖
䉇䉁䊶䉅䈫
ᣣᧄ
ᧄᎺ
⛗ᧄ
ਃᧄ
ጊᧄ
Japan
main island
of Japan
picture book
three cylindrical
objects
(common surname)
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈸䉂
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊑䊮䇮䊝䊮䇮䉅
Yamamoto
䈹䉖
䈹䉖䊶䉀䈉
䈹䉖䊶䈏䈒
䉅䊶䈛
䈹䉖䊶䈎
䉅䉖䊶䈒
ᢥ
ᢥᴺ
ᢥቇ
ᢥሼ
ᢥൻ
ᢥฏ
sentence
grammar
literature
letter
(of alphabet)
culture
phrase,
complaint
11 ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
Lesson 11 – kanji ಴౉వᣧᧄᢥ
215
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
the vocabulary, and learn new words at the same time.
䈾䉖
ུ
ུ!
book㩷
䈹䉖
໲!
!
sentence
䈪
੄ͥ!
to exit, leave㩷
䈣
੄̳!
to put out㩷
䈪 䈓 䈤
੄࢛!
exit㩷
䈲䈇
වͥ!
to enter㩷
䈞䉖䈞䈇
୶୆!
teacher㩷
໲
੄ͥ
੄̳
੄࢛
වͥ
୶୆
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䈞䉖䈕䈧
୶࠮!
㩷
last month
䈲䉇
்̞!
early㩷
䈮䈾䉖
୶࠮
்̞
඾ུ!
඾
㩷 Japan㩷
㩷
䈇
㩷 වͦͥ! ව
㩷 to put inside㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇
䈓䈤
㩷 ව࢛ͤ!
ව
㩷 entrance㩷
㩷
㩷
!
㩷
㩷
!!!!!!!!!!!
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ུ
ͦͥ
࢛ͤ
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
㩷㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
Lesson 11 – kanji ಴౉వᣧᧄᢥ
217
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷 䈞䉖 䈞䈇
䈲䉇 䈒䈤
㩷
1.
䈲
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈖䈫䈳䉕 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
㩷
䈞䈇
䈤䉈䈉
䈖
䈚
䈏䈧
㩷
㩷 䉉䉂
2.
䈤䉆䉖䈲
䈮
䈏䈒
䈮䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
㩷
䈣
䈶
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈞䉖
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䉅䈒
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈚䉈䈉䈱
㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷
3.
䉋䈉
䈮 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕
䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
㩷
䈮
䈾䉖
䈹䉖
㩷
㩷 㩷 䈗䈱 㩷 䈲 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
㩷 4.
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈪㩷 㩷 㩷 䈓䈤
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷
䉂䈑
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
䈲 䈅䈱䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷䈱
䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
㩷 5.
㩷
䈪
䈮䈤
䈲䈤
㩷
㩷
6. 䉁䈇
䇮
䈛䈮 䈇䈋䉕
䉁䈜䇯
㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈲䉇
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈣䈇
㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
7.
䈒䇮
䈏䈒䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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ŴŦŵġIJIJ
VOCABULARY GROUPS
R
ţŰťŪŭźġŧŶůŤŵŪŰůŴġġ
We don’t intend any offense by the next set of words – you never know when such vocabulary
might come in handy.
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
hiccups
fart
burp
sneeze
urine
feces
booger
snot
slobber
snoring
yawn
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
䈍䈭䉌
䈕䈦䈺
䈒䈚䉆䉂
䈍䈚䈦䈖 (everyday way)
䈉䉖䈖 (everyday way)
䈲䈭䈒䈠
䈲䈭䉂䈝
䉋䈣䉏
䈇䈶䈐
䈅䈒䈶
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
䈍䈭䉌
䈕䈦䈺
䈒䈚䉆䉂
䈍䈚䈦䈖
䈉䉖䈖
㥦䈒䈠
㥦᳓
ᶘ
䈇䈶䈐
ᰳિ
Lesson 11 – 䈭 adjectives
Lesson
11
219
Scott in Tokyo
䈭 adjectives
Level 㽴
11 łţŰŶŵġŕũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰůġ ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅġ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ಴౉వᣧᧄᢥ
2. review vocabulary group set 11
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1.
learn a ton of 䈭 adjectives
11 ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴġ ̜̹̱̞̭ͣ͂͊ġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈧䈉䈐䉖
ㅢൕ
commuting to work
䈩䉖䈐䉖
ォൕ
a transfer (job)
ੑੱ䈼䉇
ੑੱㇱደ
a room for two
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖
ਇേ↥
real estate
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖
ਇേ↥ደ䈘䉖
real estate agent / office
䈫䈖䉐
ᚲ
place
䈚䉖䈛䉈䈒䈋䈐
ᣂኋ㚞
Shinjuku station (train)
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
large apartment, apartment house
䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
one room apartment
䈛䉆䈅
䈛䉆䈅
long version of 䈛䉆 (well, then)
䉲䊄䊆䊷
䉲䊄䊆䊷
Sydney (Australia)
䈞䉖䈠䈉
ᚢ੎
a war
䈎䉌䈣
૕
body
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11 ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢ġ
łťūŦŤŵŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
ŕźűŦġ
䈸䈒䈙䈧
ⶄ㔀
complicated, complex; difficult
䈭 adjective
䈎䉖䈢䉖
◲න
easy
䈭 adjective
䈚䉖䈞䈧
ⷫಾ
kind, warm-hearted, friendly
䈭 adjective
䈣䈇䈛
ᄢ੐
important
䈭 adjective
䈇䉇
ህ
unpleasant, disagreeable
䈭 adjective
䈭䈏䈇
㐳䈇
long
䈇 adjective
䈎䈦䈖䈇䈇
䈎䈦䈖䈇䈇
cool, stylish
䈇 adjective
11 ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġ
̹ ŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮䈭䉎
ォൕ䈮䈭䉎
䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮䈭䈦䈢
to be transferred
regular (䈭䉎)
䈘䈏䈜
ត䈜
䈘䈏䈚䈢
to look for, search for
Regular
䉇䉎
䉇䉎
䉇䈦䈢
to do, play
Regular
䈲䈭䈞䉎
⹤䈞䉎
⹤䈞䈢
to be able to speak
䈇䉎/䈋䉎
11 ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾ġ
‰ ̧̀ͭͭͅġ ̈́ͥġ ĩŵŰġţŦġŵųŢůŴŧŦųųŦťĪġ
The person being transferred is marked with 䈏, and 䈲 is used for emphasis.
[person] 䈏 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉎
[person] will be transferred
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈏 ᄢ䈘䈎䈮 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
Scott was transferred to Osaka.
2. 䈿䈒䈲 䉌䈇᦬䇮䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
I will be transferred to Tokyo next month.
Lesson 11 – 䈭 adjectives
221
‰ ̯̦̳ġ ĩŵŰġŭŰŰŬġŧŰųĭġŴŦŢųŤũġŧŰųĪġ
The object particle 䉕 marks the object being searched for.
[item] 䉕 䈘䈏䈜
to look for [item]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈭䈮䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
What are you looking for?
2. 䈅䈚䈢 䉇䈜䈒䈩䇮䈎䈦䈖䈇䈇 䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈘䈏䈚䉁䈜䇯
Tomorrow I am going to look for a cheap, cool car.
‰ ͥ͞ġ ĩŵŰġťŰĭġŵŰġűŭŢźĪġ
䉇䉎 is similar to 䈜䉎, but its meaning can be rougher (potentially carrying the same
implications of “do it” in English), but it doesn't necessarily make the statement rude. 䉇䉎
is often used in informal conversations and writings. You will have to experience the
conversations and watch lots of Japanese TV to know when and when not to use 䉇䉎.
[thing] 䉕 䉇䉎
to do [thing]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䉇䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please do you homework.
2.
䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈭䈮䉅 䉇䉍䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
I don't want to do anything today.
3.
࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䉰䉾䉦䊷䉕 䉇䉍䉁䈜䇯
I am going to play soccer with my friends on Saturday.
‰ ̵͉̈́ͥġ ĩŵŰġţŦġŢţŭŦġŵŰġŴűŦŢŬĪġ
This verb is actually the “can do” form of the verb 䈲䈭䈜 (to speak). The “can do” and
“can’t do” form of verbs will be discussed further in Lesson 13. This verb form is also
commonly referred to as the “potential” verb form.
[language] 䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉎
to be able to speak [language]
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ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴ
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯
Can you speak Japanese?
2. 䊐䊤䊮䉴䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈞䉖䇯
I cannot speak French.
3. 䈢䈎䈲䈚䈘䉖䈲 䈤䉈䈉䈗䈒䈗䈫 䈎䉖䈖䈒䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
I think Mr. Takahashi can speak Chinese and Korean.
11 ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗ġ
‰ ŖŴŪůŨ ̈́ĮŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ ġ
䈭-adjectives are placed in front of any noun to modify it. 䈱 can never be used in place of
the 䈭. 䈭 adjectives can not directly modify (describe) a word without 䈭. It is important to
understand that 䈜䈐 and 䈐䉌䈇 are also 䈭-adjectives.
[䈭-adjective] + 䈭 + [word]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈜䈐䈭 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲 䊏䉱䈪䈜䇯
My favorite food is pizza.
ġ
2. 䉁䈧䉅䈫䈘䉖䈲 䈫䈩䉅 䈚䉖䈞䈧䈭ੱ䈪䈜䇯
Matsumoto is a very kind person.
3. 䉮䊮䊎䊆䈪 䈼䉖䉍䈭 䉅䈱䉕 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈉䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
They sell many convenient things at the convenience store.
4. ᨋ䈘䉖䈲 䈇䉇䈭 ੱ䈪䈜䇯
Hayashi is a disagreeable person.
‰ ̈́ ŢťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġŢůťġŵũŦġ“ŰůŦ”ġűųŰůŰŶůġ ġ
In Level One of Japanese From Zero! you learned how to say the “one” pronoun in
Japanese by using the particle 䈱. For example, a “hot one” is 䈅䈧䈇䈱, and a “green
one” would be 䉂䈬䉍䈱. When using the “one” pronoun with 䈭 adjectives, the 䈭 must not
be removed. For example, if you wanted “a convenient one” it would be 䈼䉖䉍䈭䈱䈏 䈾䈚
䈇䈪䈜䇯
Lesson 11 – 䈭 adjectives
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġġ
A䋺 䈬䉖䈭䈲䈭䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈐䉏䈇䈭䈱䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
223
What kind of flowers do you want?
I want pretty ones.
‰ ŕũŦġŷŦųźġŶŴŦŧŶŭġ ̱̠́͡ġ ġ
By this level you have probably heard 䈪䈚䉊䈉 used many times. It can mean: “right?”
“probably,” “(I) think,” “(I) hope,” “(I) guess,” “don't you agree?” and “I thought you'd say
that!” Of course this all depends on the context of the sentence. 䈪䈚䉊䈉 always comes at
the end of the sentence or stands alone. When used with verbs, the verb must be in its
informal form.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
ġ ġ
1. 䈅䈚䈢 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈇䈒䈪䈚䉊䈉䇯
When the sentence is said with rising intonation at the end it means:
You are going to Tokyo tomorrow, right?
When the sentence is said with a flat intonation it means:
They will probably go to Tokyo tomorrow.
By changing the intonation of the sentence you can change the meaning.
2. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉎䈪䈚䉊䈉䇯
You are studying Japanese right? / He is probably studying Japanese.
11 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ŋĮņġ
1. Informal conversation between new friends
A䋺 䈜䈐䈭 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲 䈭䈮䋿
B䋺 䊊䊮䊋䊷䉧䊷䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䇯
A䋺 䈛䉆䈅䇮䈐䉌䈇䈭 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲䋿
B䋺 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈭䈇䉋䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What is your favorite food?
I really like hamburgers.
Then, what foods do you dislike?
There isn’t much.
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2. Informal conversation between two guys
A䋺 䈅䈱ੱ䈲 䈣䉏䋿
B䋺 䈿䈒䈱 䈍䈰䈋䈤䉆䉖䈣䉋䇯
A䋺 䈐䉏䈇䈭 䈵䈫䈣䈰䇯
B䋺 䈠䈉䋿
A䋺 䈎䈱䈛䉊䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䉁䈜䇯䉋䉐䈚䈒 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
Who is that person?
It is my older sister.
She sure is a pretty person.
Really?
I am looking for a girlfriend. Your help is appreciated.
3. Polite conversation between two people on an airplane
A䋺 䈬䈖䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䉲䊄䊆䊷䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䉲䊄䊆䊷䈲 䈬䉖䈭 䈫䈖䉐䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈚䈝䈎䈭 䈫䈖䉐䈪䈜䇯䈪䉅䇮䈼䉖䉍䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Where do you live?
I live in Sydney.
What kind of place is Sydney?
It is a quiet place, but it is not convenient.
4. Semi-polite conversation between a teacher and a student
A䋺 వ↢䇮䈖䈱䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈲 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䉋䇯䉅䈦䈫 䈎䉖䈢䉖䈭 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 ਅ䈘䈇䇯
B䋺 䈣䉄䈣䉋䇯䉅䈉 ਃᐕ↢䈪䈚䉊䈉䇯
A䋺 䈪䉅䇮䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䉋䇯
B䋺 䈅䈚䈢䉁䈪䈮 䉇䈦䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Teacher, this homework is difficult. I want easier homework.
No. You are already a third-grader right?
But it is difficult!
Please do it by tomorrow.
Lesson 11 – 䈭 adjectives
11 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴġ ηΣ̥̞ͩġ ņĮŋġ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Informal conversation between co-workers
A䋺 I hate men!
B䋺 Why?
A䋺 Because they are complicated.
B䋺 What kind of boyfriend is good?
A䋺 A warm-hearted man.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
↵䈱ੱ䈏 ᄢ䈐䉌䈇䋣
䈭䉖䈪䋿
䈸䈒䈙䈧䈣䈎䉌䋣
䈬䉖䈭 䈎䉏䈚䈏㩷 䈇䈇䈱䋿
䈚䉖䈞䈧䈭 ↵䈱ੱ䇯
2. Polite conversation between co-workers
A䋺 Why are you going to Nagasaki?
B䋺 Because I have been transferred.
B䋺 When are you going?
A䋺 Next week on Thursday.
A䋺
B䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈭䉖䈪䇮䈭䈏䈘䈐䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䈦䈢䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈧䇮䈇䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᧁ䉋䈉ᣣ䈪䈜䇯
3. Polite conversation between new high school graduates
A䋺 What kind of work do you want to do?
B䋺 I want to do easy work.
A䋺 There probably isn’t any in this town.
A䋺 䈬䉖䈭 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈎䉖䈢䉖䈭 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䈖䈱↸䈮䈲 䈭䈇䈪䈚䉊䈉䇯
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11 œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽ġ
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲 ੑ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽳䈇䉁䇮䈎䈇䈚䉆䈱 䉍䉊䈉䈮 䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽴䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈱 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪䈲 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱 䈒䈧䉕 䈉䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽵䉍䉊䈉䈱 䈻䉇䈲 ੑੱ䈼䉇䈣䈎䉌䇮䈎䉏䈲 䈚䉊䈒䈳䈮 䈤䈎䈇䉝䊌䊷䊃䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
㽶䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
㽷䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䈲 䈚䉖䈞䈧䈭ੱ䈪䈚䈢䇯
㽸䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲 ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈪 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈎䉌䇮 ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈏
䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
Lesson 11 – 䈭 adjectives
227
11 ŎŢŪůġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġ ιͼϋ̥̞ͩġ
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䋺
䈇䉌䈦䈚䉆䈇䉁䈞䇯䈻䉇䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䋺
䈲䈇䇮䉝䊌䊷䊃䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䋺
䈬䉖䈭 䉝䊌䊷䊃䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䋺
䈧䈉䈐䉖䈫 䈎䈇䉅䈱䈮 䈼䉖䉍䈭 䈫䈖䉐䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䋺
䈚䉊䈒䈳䈲 䈬䈖䈪䈜䈎䇯
䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䋺
䈚䉖䈛䉈䈒䈋䈐䈮 䈤䈎䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䋺
䈋䈋䈦䈫…ੑ䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈰䇯
৻䈧⋡䈱 䉝䊌䊷䊃䈲 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈒䈩䇮
䈚䉖䈛䉈䈒䈋䈐䈎䉌 䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 ච੖䈸䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈠䈚䈩䇮ੑ䈧⋡䈱 䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮䈲 䈸䉎䈒䈩䇮䊋䉴䈪 ੑච੖
䈸䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯 ৻䈧⋡䈱䈲 ੑ䈧⋡䈱䉋䉍 䈜䈖䈚 䈢䈎䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈪䉅䇮䈫䈩䉅 䈚䈝䈎䈭 䈫䈖䉐䈪䈜䉋䇯
䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䋺
䈛䉆䈅䇮䈠䈱䉝䊌䊷䊃䈏 䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䋺
䉒䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯㩷
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11 łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
䇸䈩䉖䈐䉖䇹䈲㩷 䈋䈇䈗䈪㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧䇮䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮㩷 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇䉁䇮䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲㩷 䊦䊷䊛䊜䉟䊃䈏㩷 䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅㩷 䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉍䉊䈉䈮㩷 䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䈛䉆䈅䇮䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈜䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈬䈖䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈬䉖䈭ੱ䈪䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪈㪅㩷 䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈲㩷 ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈏㩷 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪉㪅㩷 䈭䉖䈪䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈏㩷 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 11 – activities
229
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹįġ 䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䉇䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
Æ want to do㩷
䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䉇䉍䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
Æ don’t want to do㩷
䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䉇䉍䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
Æ please do㩷
䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䉇䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㩷
Æ please don’t do㩷
䉉䈉䈗䈲䉖䈱㩷 䈅䈫䇮䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕㩷 䉇䉌䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯㩷
㪈㪅 ↰ਛ䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈚䈝䈎䈭ੱ䈪䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ kind㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ complicated㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ unpleasant㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ pretty
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 ᣣᧄ䈗䈏㩷 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ French㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ can’t speak㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ Spanish㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ Chinese㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䈇䈇䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮䉕㩷 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ big refrigerator㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ convenient dictionary㩷 㩷㩷
㩷
Æ easy Japanese book㩷 㩷㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ quiet place㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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‰ ŕųŢůŴŭŢŵŪŰůġ
Fill in the blanks and translate the resulting sentences into Japanese.
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
1.
㩷
㩷
㩷
2.
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷
3.
㩷
㩷
㩷
4.㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
My favorite restaurant is 㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Translation:㩷 㩷
㩷
My least favorite food is 㩷
㩷
㩷
Translation:㩷 㩷
㩷
My favorite movie is 㩷
㩷
Translation:㩷 㩷
㩷
My least favorite actor 䋨䈲䈇䉉䈉䋩 is㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Translation:㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġłůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䈜䈐䈭㩷 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈐䉌䈇䈭㩷 䊁䊧䊎䈳䉖䈓䉂䋨program䋩䈲㩷 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈜䈐䈭㩷 䈫䈖䉐䈲㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䈫䈖䉐䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䉝䊌䊷䊃䋯䈇䈋䉕㩷 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䈎䈱䈛䉊䋯䈎䉏䉕㩷 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪍㪅 㩷 䈭䈮䈗䈏㩷 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪎㪅㩷 ᣣᧄ䈗䈲㩷 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈚䉊䈉䋿㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 11 – activities
㪏㪅㩷 ᣣᧄ䈗䈱㩷 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈲㩷 䈢䈇䈻䉖䈪䈚䉊䈉䋿㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
‰ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
Mr. Murata is not happy that he has been transferred to New York.
಴ญ䈘䉖:
᧛↰䈘䉖䇮䈕䉖᳇䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䈰䇯䈬䈉䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
᧛↰䈘䉖:
䈛䈧䈲䇮䊆䊠䊷䊣䊷䉪䈮 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
಴ญ䈘䉖:
䈜䈗䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯䈇䈧䇮䈚䉈䈦䈴䈧䈪䈜䈎䇯
᧛↰䈘䉖:
䉌䈇᦬䈱චᣣ䈪䈜䇯䈪䉅䇮䈇䈐䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
಴ญ䈘䉖:
䈬䈉䈚䈩䈪䈜䈎䇯
᧛↰䈘䉖:
䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈞䉖䈎䉌䇯
಴ญ䈘䉖:
䈟䉖䈟䉖䇮䈲䈭䈞䉁䈞䉖䈎䇯
᧛↰䈘䉖:
䈅䈇䈘䈧䈣䈔䈲 䈣䈇䈛䉊䈉䈹䈪䈜䇯䊆䊠䊷䊣䊷䉪䈪 䈋䈇䈗䈱
వ↢䉕 䈘䈏䈚䉁䈜䇯
಴ญ䈘䉖:
䈏䉖䈳䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
New words and expressions in the dialogue
ġ
㩷
231
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈛䈧䈲
䈚䉈䈦䈴䈧
ታ䈲
಴⊒
actually
departure
䈅䈇䈘䈧
᜿ᜦ
greetings
232
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WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ᧛↰ᄕ⿒㕍⊕⷗䇮಴౉వᣧᧄᢥ
233
Lesson 12 – kanji activities
Kanji Lesson
12
ྴল‫ୃࢷڠ‬ාؐ
12 ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭġ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also, take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you
to memorize the different readings.
1
6 strokes
1
2 3
5
6 strokes
4 5
6
8
2
3
7
8 strokes
2
1
䈭
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊜䉟䇮䊚䊢䉡
䈭䊶䉁䈋
䉉䈉䊶䉄䈇
ฬ೨
name
5
6
10 strokes
䉄䈇䊶䈛䉖
䉂䉊䈉䊶䈛
䈅䈣䊶䈭
᦭ฬ
ฬੱ
ฬሼ
䈅䈣ฬ
ฬ‛
famous
master,
expert
nickname
specialty,
famous product
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈅䈙
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䈛
䈛
6
1
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈎䉖䊶䈛
䈛䊶䈎䈒
last name
䈍䈍䊶䈅䈙
䉄䈇䊶䈹䈧
䈖䊶䉅䊶䈛
䈚䉈䈉䊶䈛
ሼ
ṽሼ
ሼ↹
ᄢሼ
ዊᢥሼ
⠌ሼ
letter,
character
Kanji, Chinese
character
character
stroke
larger section
(of village)
lower case
letter
calligraphy
䈏䈒䊶䈰䉖
䈜䈉䊶䈏䈒
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䉁䈭(䈹)
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉧䉪
䉁䈭䊶䈹
䈏䈦䊶䈖䈉
䈣䈇䊶䈏䈒
䈏䈒䊶䈞䈇
ቇ䈹
ቇᩞ
ᄢቇ
ቇ↢
ቇᐕ
ᢙቇ
college
student
year in
school
mathematics
to learn
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䉖䉋䉂
school
none
䉮䉡
䈏䈦䊶䈖䈉
䉋䈶䊶䈖䈉
䈖䈉䊶䈖䈉
䈖䈉䊶䉅䉖
䈖䈉䊶䈤䉊䈉
䈚䉊䈉䊶䈖䈉
ቇᩞ
੍஻ᩞ
㜞ᩞ
ᩞ㐷
ᩞ㐳
዁ᩞ
high school
gate;
entrance to
school
school
principal
commissioned
officer
school
prep school
234
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1
2
4
5
5 strokes
1
4
5
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈢䈣䋨䈚䈇䋩䇮䉁䈘
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉶䉟䇮䉲䊢䉡
䈢䈣䊶䈚䈇
䉁䈘䊶䉉䉄
䈞䈇䊶䈎䈇
䈚䉊䈉䊶䈛䈐
䈚䉊䈉䊶䈏䈧
䈩䈇䊶䈞䈇
ᱜ⋥
ᱜ᦬
⸓ᱜ
ᱜ䈚䈇
ᱜᄞ
ᱜ⸃
correct
dreams that
come true
correct
answer
honest
New Years
correction,
revision
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈫䈚
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䊈䊮
䈫䈚
䈰䉖䊶䉏䈇
䈫䈚䊶䉋䉍
䈫䈚䊶䈗
䈇䈤䊶䈰䉖
䈜䈉䊶䈰䉖
ᐕ
ᐕ㦂
ᐕነ䉍
ᐕሶ
৻ᐕ
ᢙᐕ
6 strokes
year, age
age
old person
second child
within a year
1 year
several
years
2
䈒䉖䉋䉂
1
3
4
4 strokes
䈍䉖䉋䉂
none
䉥䉡
䈍䈉䍃䈘䉁
䈍䈉䊶䈛
䈍䈉䊶䈛䉊
䈛䉊䊶䈍䈉
䉄䈇䊶䈍䈉䊶䈞䈇
₺᭽
₺ሶ
₺ᅚ
ᅚ₺
౵₺ᤊ
king
prince
princess
queen
planet Pluto
12 ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
Lesson 12 – kanji activities
235
ġ
ġ
ġ
‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
the vocabulary, and learn new words at the same time.
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
䈛
ল!
character
㩷
䈍䈉
ؐ!
king!
䉂䉊䈉䈛
ྴল!
last name㩷
䈭
ྴ̢͘!
name㩷
ল
ؐ
ྴল
ྴ̢͘
236
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
ġ
YesJapan.com
䉅
䈛
໲ল
໲ল!
letter㩷
䈏䈦䈖䈉
‫ࢷڠ‬
‫!ࢷڠ‬
school㩷
䈏䈒䈞䈇
‫ڠ‬୆
‫ڠ‬୆!
student㩷
䈏䈒䈰䉖
‫ڠ‬ා!
㩷
grade, year
䈗䈰䉖
ࡼා!
5 years㩷
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
઀‫!ࢷڠ‬
elementary
school
‫ڠ‬ා
ࡼා
઀‫ࢷڠ‬
㩷
䈢䈣
ୃ̱̞!
correct㩷
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈧
̤ୃ࠮!
New Year’s㩷
ୃ̱̞
̤ୃ࠮
Lesson 12 – kanji activities
237
‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈮
1.
䈏䈒
䈣䈇
䈾䉖
䈞䈇
䈱
䈲 䉋䈒 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈢䈣
2.
䈒䈣
䈛
䈚䈇 䈎䉖
䉁䈤
3. 䈖䈱
䈤䉈䈉
䈏䈦
䈖䈉
4. 䈠䈱
䈏
䈲䈭
䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈒䈣
䈭
䈇
䈱
䈣
5.
䈘䈇䇯
䈖䈖䈱
䈮
䈚䉐
䉇䉁
䉕 䈎䈇䈩
䉁䈋䉕 䈍䈚䈋䈩
䈭䈭
䈰䉖
䉃䉌
䈘䉖䈲
䉁䈋䇮䈖䈱
䈚䉊䈉
䈏䈒
7. 䈐䉊
䈚䉊䈉
䈱 䈍
䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈞䈇
6. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈲
䈰䉖
䈘䈇䇯
䈪䈜䇯
䈩䉖
䈏䈧
䈲
䈐
䈏 䉒䉎䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
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VOCABULARY GROUPS
S
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
rocket
bomb
rifle
pistol
army knife
canteen
war
war aircraft
submarine
air force
army
navy
self-defense force
nuclear bomb
tank
T
ġņůŨŭŪŴũġ
front desk
checkout
check-in
room service
buffet
vending machine
ŴŦŵġIJij
ŸŦŢűŰůŴġŢůťġŵũŦġŮŪŭŪŵŢųźġġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊨䉬䉾䊃
䈳䈒䈣䉖
䊤䉟䊐䊦
䊏䉴䊃䊦
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
䈜䈇䈫䈉
䈞䉖䈠䈉
䈞䉖䈫䈉䈐
䈞䉖䈜䈇䈎䉖
䈒䈉䈓䉖
䉍䈒䈓䉖
䈎䈇䈓䉖
䈛䈋䈇䈢䈇
䈕䉖䈚䈳䈒䈣䉖
䈞䉖䈚䉆
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊨䉬䉾䊃
῜ᒢ
䊤䉟䊐䊦
䊏䉴䊃䊦
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
᳓╴
ᚢ੎
ᚢ㑵ᯏ
ẜ᳓⦘
ⓨァ
㒽ァ
ᶏァ
⥄ⴡ㓌
ේሶ῜ᒢ
ᚢゞ
ŪůġŢġũŰŵŦŭġġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
䊐䊨䊮䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
䈛䈬䈉䈲䉖䈳䈇䈐
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
䊐䊨䊮䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
⥄േ⽼ᄁᯏ
Lesson 12 – one action after another
Lesson
12
239
Atsuko’s Letter
one action after another
Level 㽴
12 łţŰŶŵġŕũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰůġ ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅġ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read ฬሼቇᩞᱜᐕ₺
2. review vocabulary group set 12
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn to say actions successively
ŇųŰŮġŕũŦġŕŦŢŤũŦųŴ
1. The grammar in this lesson is pretty powerful and it leads to even more powerful
grammar. Make sure you fully understand how to do successive actions in Japanese.
12 ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊ġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䈏䈇䈖䈒
ᄖ࿖
a foreign country
䈋
⛗
a drawing or painting
䈉䉌
ⵣ
the back
䊄䊧䉴
䊄䊧䉴
a dress
䉁䈢
෶
again
ᄤ䈱䈉䈻䈇ਅ
ᄤ⊞㒨ਅ
emperor
䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫
䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫
running
䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃
䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃
diet
䈍₹䈛䉆䈒䈚
䈍₹䈛䉆䈒䈚
tadpole
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12 ńŶŭŵŶųŦġńŭŪűġ ΃σΙλȜ·ςΛίġ
Notice the date on the top of Atsuko’s letter at the end of this lesson. The year is listed as
H17. It could have also been written as ᐔᚑ䋨䈻䈇䈞䈇䋩15 ᐕ. The traditional Japanese way
of counting years is based how many years the emperor has reigned. Each emperor’s
reign is assigned an era name. As of 2005, the emperor of Japan is 䈅䈐䈵䈫. His era is
the Heisei (䈻䈇䈞䈇) Era. He has reigned for 19 years, so the year in Japan (2008) is
H20 (Heisei 20 year).
It is considered rude to call the emperor by his name. The royal family does not even have
a last name. They simply refer to the emperor as “Emperor” (䈩䉖䈱䈉 䈻䈇䈎). Only
after his death will the emperor be referred to as the Heisei Emperor.
ŏŢŮŦġŰŧġņŮűŦųŰųġ ŏŢŮŦġŰŧġőŦųŪŰťġ
ŎŦŢůŪůŨġŰŧġņųŢġ
őŦųŪŰťġŰŧġœŶŭŦġ
䈅䈐䈵䈫
䈻䈇䈞䈇
ᐔᚑ
everlasting peace
1989-present
䈵䉐䈵䈫
䈚䉊䈉䉒
ᤘ๺
shining peace
1926-1989
䉋䈚䈵䈫
䈢䈇䈚䉊䈉
ᄢᱜ
big justice
1912-1926
䉃䈧䈵䈫
䉄䈇䈛
᣿ᴦ
wishing for a bright era 1868-1912
12 ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġ
̹ĮŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈪䈐䉎
಴᧪䉎
䈪䈐䈢
to be able to do, can do, make
䈇䉎/䈋䉎
䈎䉒䉎
ᄌ䉒䉎
䈎䉒䈦䈢
to change, turn into
regular
12 ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦġ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾ġ
‰ ̧́ͥġ ĩŵŰġţŦġŢţŭŦġŵŰġťŰĭġŤŢůġťŰĭġŮŢŬŦĪġ
Use 䈏 to mark the thing that can be done. 䈲 can also be used for emphasis.
[thing] + 䈏 䈪䈐䉎
[thing] can be done
Lesson 12 – one action after another
241
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
ġ
1. ᫪䈘䉖䈲 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
Mr. Mori can do computers.
2. ᣣᧄ䈗䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
Can you speak Japanese?
(This phrase is pretty common. It is another way of asking if someone can speak Japanese.)
3. 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈪䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I made many friends.
‰ ̥ͩͥġ ĩŵŰġŤũŢůŨŦĭġŵŶųůġŪůŵŰĪġ
Use 䈏 to mark the thing that is changing. 䈲 can also be used for emphasis. The thing
that it is being changed into is marked by 䈮.
[thing 1] 䈏 [thing 2] 䈮 䈎䉒䉎
[thing 1] changes into [thing 2]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ġ
1. 䈅䈐䈏 䈸䉉䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
Fall will change into winter.
2. 䈍䈢䉁䈛䉆䈒䈚䈏 䈎䈋䉎䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
Tadpoles turn into frogs.
3. 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈢䈎䉌䇮䈘䈶䈚䈇䈍ᱜ᦬䈏 䈇䈇䈍ᱜ᦬䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
Because I got married, sad New Year holidays have changed into good New Year
holidays.
12 ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗ġ
‰ ŐůŦġŢŤŵŪŰůġŢŧŵŦųġŢůŰŵũŦųġ
Look at the next set of sentences to see how 䈎䉌 (after; since) and the 䈩 verb form are
used together to say things like, “After I eat lunch, I am going home,” or, “I will call you
after I eat.” The tense of the 䈩 form is determined by the tense of the second sentence.
[First action using 䈩 form verb] 䈎䉌䇮[second action]
After I [first action] I will [second action]
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ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. ᣣᧄ䈮 䈇䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䊌䊥䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
After I go to Japan, I will go to Paris.
2. 䊊䊮䊋䊷䉧䊷䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈎䉌䇮䊁䊆䉴䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
After I eat a hamburger, I will play tennis.
3. ቇᩞ䈮 䈇䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮 䉰䉾䉦䊷䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
After I go to school, I play soccer.
4. 䈇䈋䈮 䈎䈋䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮 䈪䉖䉒䈚䉁䈜䇯
I will call you after I get home.
‰ łťŷŦųţŴġ
For those of you who have forgotten what an adverb is (or didn’t ever really know), it is
basically just an adjective for verbs. For example, “quick” is an adjective in the phrase
“quick lunch,” but an adverb in the phrase “quickly eat lunch.” You can make any 䈇
adjective into an adverb by dropping the final 䈇 and then adding a 䈒 in its place. The
verb always comes after the adverb.
[䈇 adjective] drop 䈇 add 䈒
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1.
ġ
䈲䉇
ᣧ 䈒 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please come quickly.
2. 䈐䈱䈉䈲 䈍䈠䈒 䈰䉁䈚䈢䇯
Yesterday I went to bed late.
3. ౐䈘䈇䈱 䉃䈜䉄䈲 䈎䉒䈇䈒 ›䈱 䈋䉕 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
My six-year-old daughter drew a picture of dogs cutely.
Lesson 12 – one action after another
243
12 Œħłġ ̢̱̭̹̾ͭ͂͜ġ
1.
䈬䉖䈭䉴䊘䊷䉿䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
What kind of sports can you play?
䉰䉾䉦䊷䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
I can play soccer.
䉇䈐䉈䈉䈫 䊁䊆䉴䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
I can play baseball and tennis.
2.
䈅䈐䈮 䈲䈦䈴䈱 䈇䉐䈲 䈭䈮䈇䉐䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯
In the fall what color do the leaves change to?
⿒䈫 䉥䊧䊮䉳䈫 䈐䈇䉐䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
They change to red, orange and yellow.
12 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůŴ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņġ
Using a piece of paper cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your translation to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between a boy and a girl who is interested in him
A䋺 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈋䈐䈱 䉁䈋䈪 䈅䈦䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
B䋺 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈲 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䈩䈎䉌䇮䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䉇䈐䉈䈉䉕 䈜䉎䈎䉌 䈣䉄䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 䉇䈐䉈䈉䈲 䈭䉖䈛䉁䈪䈪䈜䈎䇯䉇䈐䉈䈉䈱 䈅䈫䈪 䈅䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
B䋺 䈠䈱䈅䈫䉅 䈤䉊䈦䈫䊶䊶䊶
A䋺 䈠䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯䈙䉖䈰䉖䈪䈜䇯
A䋺 Please meet me at the station on Sunday.
B䋺 As for Sunday, I am going to play baseball with my friends after my part-time job, so
it’s no good. (I can’t).
A䋺 Until what time is baseball? Please see me after baseball.
B䋺 After that, it is a little…
A䋺 I see. It is too bad.
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2. Informal conversation between two school friends
A䋺 䈇䈧䉅 䈅䈘 䈭䈮䉕 䈜䉎䈱䋿
B䋺 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈚䈩䈎䉌䇮ቇᩞ䈮 䈇䈒䇯
A䋺 䈋䈋䋣 䈅䈘 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈜䉎䈱䋿
B䋺 䉋䉎 䈲䉇䈒 䈰䉎䈎䉌䇯 䈅䈘䈱 䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䉋䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What do you always do in the morning?
After I do my homework, I go to school.
What!? You do your homework in the morning?
Since I go to bed early at night, morning is better.
3. Polite conversation between two housewives
A䋺 䈇䈧䉅 䈖䈱䈛䈎䉖䈮 䈭䈮䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈠䈉䈛䉕 䈚䈩䈎䉌䇮䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䉁䈜䇯
A䋺 䉁䈇ᣣ 䈠䈉䈛䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
䈛䉖
B䋺 䈲䈇䇮䈠䈉䈛䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䉌䇯 䈫䈐䈬䈐䇮䈚䉈ੱ䉅 䈚䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
What do you always do at this time?
I watch TV after cleaning.
Do you clean everyday?
Yes, because I like cleaning. Sometimes my husband does it too.
4. Mixed conversation between friends
A䋺 䈐䉊䈉䈱 䈍䈵䉎䉇䈜䉂䈮 䈭䈮䉕 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈎䉌䇮䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫䉕 䈜䉎䇯
A䋺 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈍䈤䉆䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈎䉌䇮 䈾䉖䉕 䉋䉂䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈍䈤䉆䈣䈔䋿 䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䈲 䈢䈼䈭䈇䈱䋿
A䋺 䈲䈇䇮䈇䉁 䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
What are you going to do at lunch break?
After eating lunch, I am going to go running.
I am going to read a book after I drink some green tea.
Just tea? Aren’t you going to eat lunch?
No. I am on a diet now.
Lesson 12 – one action after another
245
12 œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġ ̥̞̓̽ġ
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
ˤˍĹ ාˍˌ࠮ˎ˓඾
̹̫̻ͭ͒͝ġ
ġ
ӱ̤਀̦͙ġ̜̦̠ͤ͂ȃӲ̦̞̭̩͉ġ̹͈̱̞̳̥́ȃ
ӳ̹̱͉ͩġ२ා୆ͅġ̱̹̈́ͤ͘ȃġ
Ӵ·ρΑ͜ġ̥̱̹ͩͤ͘ȃ̷̱̀Ȃ̜̹̱̞ͣġ̺̻͂͜͜
́ ̧̱̹͘ ȃӵ̹ͩ ̱͉ġ२ා୆ͅġ̥̈́̽̀ͣȂ‫̦ࢷڠ‬
̧̳ͅġ̱̹̈́ͤ͘ȃġġ
ġ
Ӷ̹̫̻ͭ͂͝ġ̯̻̭̻͉ͭ͝ġ̬ͭ‫̥̳́ܨ‬ȃӷ̹̱ͩ͂
̠͠ঊ͉ġ̬ͭ‫̳́ܨ‬ȃӸ̦͙͈̀ġ̠ͣͅġΡτΑ͈ġ̢ͬ
̧̥̱̹͘ȃӹġࡉ̩̺̯̞̀ȃġ
ġ
Ӻ̹͘ġ̤਀̦͙ġ̩̺̯̞͇ȃġ
ġ
̜̾ঊͤ͢
(This reading comprehension is based on an actual letter from a Japanese girl who was eight
years old at the time she wrote the letter. Only small portions of the letter have been changed
in order to fit the grammar introduced.)
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12 łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㪈㪅
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪏㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪐㪅㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
䈖䈱ᚻ䈏䉂䈲 䈣䉏䈏 䈣䉏䈮 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈧ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈲㩷 䈇䉁㩷 䈭䉖ᐕ↢䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈧ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈱㩷 䉪䊤䉴䈲㩷 䉁䈋䈫㩷 䈍䈭䈛䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ਃᐕ↢䈮㩷 䈭䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈫䉅䈣䈤䈏㩷 䈪䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䇸䈘䈤ሶ䈤䉆䉖䇹䈲㩷 䈣䉏䈣䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䇸䉉䈉ሶ䈤䉆䉖䇹䈲㩷 䈣䉏䈣䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈖䈱ᚻ䈏䉂䈱㩷 䈉䉌䈮㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䊄䊧䉴䈱䈋䈲㩷 䈣䉏䈏㩷 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈧ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈲㩷 䈇䈧䇮䈖䈱ᚻ䈏䉂䉕㩷 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 12 – activities
247
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹįġ ᄕ䈼䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈇䈋䈮㩷 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
Æ went to bed㩷
Æ tonight㩷
Æ late㩷
Æ last night㩷
ᄕ䈼䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈰䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
䈖䉖䉇䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈰䉁䈜䇯㩷
䈖䉖䉇䇮䈍䈠䈒㩷 䈰䉁䈜䇯㩷 㩷
ᄕ䈼䇮䈍䈠䈒㩷 䈰䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㪈㪅 ቇᩞ䈮㩷 䈇䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ after I watch TV㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ after I return home㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ after I write a letter㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ after I eat lunch
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 㔎䈏㩷 䉉䈐䈮㩷 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ water to ice㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ Shouwa to Heisei㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷 Æ spring to summer㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ green to yellow㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏㩷 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ baseball㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ cooking㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ Spanish language㩷 㩷
㩷
Æ piano㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈬䉖䈭㩷 䉴䊘䊷䉿䈏㩷 䈪䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈬䉖䈭㩷 䈏䈦䈐㩷 (musical instrument)㩷 䈏㩷 䈪䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈇䈧䉅㩷 ᄕ䈗䈲䉖䉕㩷 䈢䈼䈩䈎䉌䇮䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈅䈚䈢䇮䈚䈗䈫䋯ቇᩞ䈏㩷 䈍䉒䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮㩷 䈭䈮䈏㩷 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
੹䈚䉈䈉䈱㩷 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈲㩷 䈅䈘㩷 䈍䈐䈩䈎䉌䇮䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈚䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 12 – activities
249
‰ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
A couple is planning their honeymoon.
䈵䉐䈚:
䉉䈐䈖䇮䊊䊈䊛䊷䊮䈲 䈬䈖䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䋿
䉉䈐䈖:
䈠䈉䈣䈭䈅䊶䊶䊶䇯䉟䉺䊥䉝䈲 䈬䈉䋿
䈵䉐䈚:
䈇䈇䈰䇯䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈐䉕 䈚䈩䈎䉌䇮䈜䈓 䈇䈐䈢䈇䋿
䉉䈐䈖:
䈉䈉䉖䇯䈵䈫䈳䉖䇮䉇䈜䉖䈪䈎䉌䇮䈇䈐䈢䈇䇯
䈵䉐䈚:
䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䉟䉺䊥䉝䈣䈔䈮 䈇䈒䋿
䉉䈐䈖:
䊐䊤䊮䉴䈫 䊄䉟䉿䈮䉅 䈇䈐䈢䈇䇯
䈵䉐䈚:
䈛䉆䈅䇮䈅䈚䈢 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈍䉒䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䉍䉊䈖䈉䈏䈇䈚䉆䈮 䈇䈒䉋䇯
䈠䈚䈩䇮䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌䈱 䊌䉾䉬䊷䉳䉿䉝䊷䈮䈧䈇䈩䇮䈐䈒䈰䇯
䉉䈐䈖:
䉒䈢䈚䉅 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䇯
䈵䉐䈚:
䈛䉆䈅䇮䉍䉊䈖䈉䈏䈇䈚䉆䈮 䈇䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䈇䈧䉅䈱 䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䈪
䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䉋䈉䇯
New words and expressions in the dialogue
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䊊䊈䊛䊷䊮
䊊䊈䊛䊷䊮
honeymoon
䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䈐
⚿ᇕᑼ
wedding ceremony
䈵䈫䈳䉖
৻᥅
one night
䉇䈜䉃
ભ䉃
to rest, to have a break
䉍䉊䈖䈉䈏䈇䈚䉆
ᣏⴕળ␠
travel company
䊌䉾䉬䊷䉳䉿䉝䊷
䊌䉾䉬䊷䉳䉿䉝䊷
package tour
䈐䈒
⡞䈒
to ask
䌾䈮䈧䈇䈩
䌾䈮䈧䈇䈩
about ~, regarding ~
䈢䈼䉋䈉
㘩䈼䉋䈉
let’s eat! (informal “let’s do” verb form)
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WRITING PRACTICE
Use these sheets as extra writing practice for the kanji you have learned up to this point.
Recently you have learned:㩷 ಴౉వᣧᧄᢥ䇮ฬሼቇᩞᱜᐕ₺
251
Lesson 13 – kanji 㖸♻ゞ⽴₹⨲┻
Kanji Lesson
13
‫إ‬ঝ৬‫ޮٵ‬௜ಅ
13 ŏŦŸġŌŢůūŪġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̥̲ͭġ
Make sure you learn the correct stroke order. Correct stroke order will mean neater symbols
when writing quickly. Also take time to learn the new words for each kanji, as this will help you
to memorize the different readings.
1
2
5
6
9 strokes
1
2
6 strokes
7
1
2
6
7 strokes
1
6
2
7
7 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈍䈫䇮䈰
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉥䊮䇮䉟䊮
䈍䈫
䈍䉖䊶䈏䈒
䈾䉖䊶䈰
䈲䈧䊶䈍䉖
㖸
㖸ᭉ
ᧄ㖸
sound
music
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈇䈫
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲
true feelings
䈅䈚䊶䈍䈫
䈍䉖䊶䈤
⊒㖸
⿷㖸
㖸∻
pronunciation
footsteps
(sound)
tone deaf
䈇䈫
䈔䊶䈇䈫
♻
Ძ♻
㊎䈫♻
♻䈒䈝
✎♻
♻㔚⹤
knitting yarn
needle and
thread
fluff; piece
of thread
cotton
thread
string phone
(kids’ toy)
thread,
string
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈒䉎䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉲䊞
䈲䉍䊶䈫䊶䈇䈫
䈇䈫䊶䈒䈝
䉄䉖䊶䈚
䈇䈫䊶䈪䉖䉒
䈒䉎䉁
䈲䊶䈓䉎䉁
䈪䉖䊶䈚䉆
䈚䉆䊶䈖
䈛䊶䈬䈉䊶䈚䉆
䈚䉆䊶䉍䉖
ゞ
ᱤゞ
㔚ゞ
ゞᐶ
⥄േゞ
ゞベ
car; wheel
gear
train
bicycle
automobile
wheel
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈎䈇
䈍䉖䉋䉂
None
䈎䈇䊶䈏䉌
䈎䈇
䈾䉌䊶䈏䈇
䉁䈐䊶䈏䈇
䈎䈇䊶䉎䈇
⽴
⽴Ზ
䈾䉌⽴
Ꮞ⽴
⽴㘃
shell
outer shell
trumpet shell
spiral shell
shellfish
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1
3
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈢䉁
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉩䊢䉪
䈢䉁
䉂䈝䊶䈢䉁
䈍䊶䈢䉁䊶䈛䉆䈒䈚
䈵䉆䈒䊶䈋䉖䊶䈣䉁
䈢䉁䊶䈰䈑
₹
᳓₹
䈍₹䈛䉆䈒䈚
⊖౞₹
₹䈰䈑
ball, sphere
polka dots
tadpole
100 yen coin
onion
4
5 strokes
2
3
1
4
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈒䈘
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䈠䈉
䈒䈘
䈠䈉䊶䈕䉖
䈙䈦䊶䈠䈉
⨲
⨲ේ
㔀⨲
⨲ጁ
઀⨲
⨲⧎
grass
grasslands;
savannah
weed
Japanese
footwear
gesture,
behavior
poisonous
plant
䈤䈒䊶䉍䉖
䈳䈒䊶䈤䈒
䈢䈔䊶䈉䉁
䈢䈔䊶䉇䈹
῜┻
┻㚍
┻䉇䈹
stilts
bamboo
grove
8
9 strokes
4
1
3
6
6 strokes
䈒䉖䉋䉂
䈢䈔
䈍䉖䉋䉂
䉼䉪
䈢䈔
䈢䈔䊶䈱䊶䈖
┻
┻䈱ሶ
┻ᨋ
bamboo
bamboo
shoots
bamboo
(woods)
䈡䈉䊶䉍
䈚䊶䈓䈘
firecracker
䈒䈘䊶䈳䈭
13 ŘųŪŵŪůŨġőŰŪůŵĻŘũŢŵġŢųŦġŬŢůūŪġųŢťŪŤŢŭŴŀġ
You may have already noticed that some kanji are made up of similar strokes, or even
several kanji put together. These are called radicals, and if you have a good understanding
of a radical’s meaning, you can have a pretty good guess at what a particular kanji might
mean, even if you have never seen it before. Let’s take a look at some of these radicals in
action.
The kanji for person
squeezes up to become the ߦࠎߴࠎ radical:
.
Put this
together with the kanji for “tree”
and you get
which means “rest.” A person next
to a tree is resting. If you take the same tree kanji and add the kanji for stand
and
look
you get a person standing on a tree watching you, or
which means “parent.”
Here are some other common radicals and the kanji that included them:
ߐࠎߕ޿ means water. Kanji with this radical are water-related.
ᶏᳰᴁ
ocean
pond
steam
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Lesson 13 – kanji 㖸♻ゞ⽴₹⨲┻
ߒࠎߦࠂ߁ has to do with going and coming.
㆙ ㆏ㄭ
far
street
near
⧎ ⨥
ߊߐ߆ࠎ߻ࠅ means grass, and is found in many kanji.
grass
flower
tea
13 ŌŢůūŪġłŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
‰ ŔŵųŰŬŦġŰųťŦųġ
Trace the light gray symbols for practice. Pay attention to stroke order and stroke type.
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‰ ŘŰųťŴġźŰŶġŤŢůġŸųŪŵŦġ
Write the following words in the boxes. This is a great way to practice the new kanji, review
the vocabulary, and learn new words at the same time.
㩷䈍 䈫
㩷‫!إ‬
㩷sound
㩷䈇 䈫
!
㩷ঝ
thread㩷
㩷
㩷䈒䉎䉁
৬!
㩷car㩷
㩷
䈎䈇
㩷‫!ٵ‬
㩷shell㩷
㩷䈢䉁
㩷ޮ!
㩷ball㩷
‫إ‬
ঝ
৬
‫ٵ‬
ޮ
䈒䈘
㩷௜!
㩷grass㩷
㩷䈢䈔
㩷 ಅ!
bamboo
௜
㩷
ಅ
Lesson 13 – kanji activities
䉂䈝䈢䉁
㩷କޮ!
㩷polka dots
㩷䈒 䈘 䈳 䈭
㩷௜‫!ـ‬
㩷flowering
grass
㩷̤ͭ
㩷‫!̩̦إ‬
music!
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈚䉆
㩷́ͭ৬!
㩷train!
㩷
㩷
㩷
䈵䉆䈒䈋䉖䈣䉁
㩷ຐ‫!ޮ׫‬
㩷100 yen coin!
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
କޮ
௜‫ـ‬
‫̩̦إ‬
́ͭ৬
ຐ‫ޮ׫‬
㩷
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
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‰ ŇŪŭŭġŪůġŵũŦġŬŢůūŪġ
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate kanji.
㩷 䈒䉎䉁
䈭䈎
䈍䉖
㩷
1.
ߩ ߢ ߇ߊࠍ߈߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬
㩷
㩷 䈍䈍
䉁䈤
䈚䉆
䈒䉎䉁
䈍䈫
㩷
2.
䈐䈇
䈲 䈪䉖
䉇
䈱
䈏 䈉䉎䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈅䈎
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈎䈇
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䉋䈦
䈚䉐
䈎䈇
䈇䈧
䉂
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷
3.
䈇
䉕
䈧䈫
䈇
䉕
䈧
䈧䈔䈢䇯
㩷
㩷
䉂
䈚䈢
䈵䉆䈒 䈋䉖 䈣䉁
㩷
4. 㩷 㩷 㩷
䈏 䈧䈒䈋䈱
䈎䉌
䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈗㩷 䈏䈧
䈒䈘
䈐
㩷
䈲
䉇
䈱 䈇䉐䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈪䈜䇯
㩷 5.
㩷
㩷
䈅䈍
䉂䈝 䈢䉁
䉐䈒 䈞䉖 䈋䉖
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷6.㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷䈇
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
䈱䉲䊞䉿䈲
㩷 㩷 䈪䈜䇯㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
䈤䈒
䈖
䉍䉖
䈢䈔
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
7.
䈪
䈱
䉕 䈘䈏䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
Lesson 13 – activities
Lesson
13
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Amelia’s Interview
the potential verb form
Level 㽴
13 łţŰŶŵġŵũŪŴġōŦŴŴŰůġ ̭͈τΛΑϋ̞̾̀ͅġ
ŃŦŧŰųŦġŕũŦġōŦŴŴŰů
1. be able to write and read 㖸♻ゞ⽴₹⨲┻
2. review all of the vocabulary groups
ōŦŴŴŰůġňŰŢŭŴġ
1. learn to make the potential form of verbs to say phrases such as “I can do” and
“I can’t do.”
13 ŏŦŸġŘŰųťŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̭͂͊ġ
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䉄䉖䈞䈧
㕙ធ
an interview
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖
㕙ធቭ
an interviewer
䈵䈚䉊
⒁ᦠ
a secretary
ᣣ䈛䉊䈉
䈵
ᣣᏱ
normal, everyday, ordinary
䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫
䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫
programming
䈚䈠
䈚䈠
Japanese basil
䈏䉁䉖
ᚒᘟ
patience; endurance; self-control
䈉䉂
ᶏ
the ocean, the beach
䈎䈇 ᳓ 䉋䈒
ᶏ᳓ᶎ
ocean bathing
৻ੱ䈪
䈵䈫䉍
৻ੱ䈪
by yourself, alone
䈘䈇䈸
⽷Ꮣ
wallet
䉂䈝
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13 ŏŦŸġłťūŦŤŵŪŷŦŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̫̞̠̱͢ġ
łťūŦŤŵŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
ŕźűŦġ
䈅䈹䈭䈇
ෂ䈭䈇
dangerous
䈇 adjective
13 ŏŦŸġŗŦųţŴġ ̜̹̱̞ͣġ ̠̱̓ġ
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġ
ŌŢůūŪġ
̹ ŧŰųŮġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġŗŦųţġ
ŗŦųţġŕźűŦġ
䈍䉋䈓
ᵒ䈓
䈍䉋䈇䈣
to swim
regular
䈭䈒䈜
䈭䈒䈜
䈭䈒䈚䈢
to lose
regular
䉂䈧䈔䉎
⷗䈧䈔䉎
䉂䈧䈔䈢
to find (active)
䈇䉎/䈋䉎
䉂䈧䈎䉎
⷗䈧䈎䉎
䉂䈧䈎䈦䈢
to be found (passive)
regular
䈏䉁䉖䈜䉎
ᚒᘟ䈜䉎
䈏䉁䉖䈚䈢
to have patience; endure 䈜䉎
13 ŗŦųţġŖŴŢŨŦ ̠̱͈̓ġ ̥̞̥̹̾ġ
‰ ̤̪͢ġ ĩŵŰġŴŸŪŮĪġ
䈪 marks the location where the swimming takes place.
[place] 䈪 䈍䉋䈓
to swim at [place]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ġ
1. ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䊒䊷䊦䈪 䈍䉋䈑䉁䈚䈢䇯
I was at the pool with friends on Friday.
2. 䈖䉖䈬 ᣣᧄ䈮 䈇䈒䈫䈐䇮ᣣᧄ䈎䈇䈪 䈍䉋䈑䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
When I go to Japan next time, I want to swim in the Japan Sea.
3. 䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈘䉃䈇䈎䉌 䈍䉋䈑䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
Because it is cold today I don’t want to swim.
4. 䈅䈹䈭䈇䈎䉌䇮৻ੱ䈪 䈍䉋䈏䈭䈇䈪ਅ䈘䈇䇯
It is dangerous, so please don’t swim alone.
Lesson 13 – activities
259
‰ ̩̳̈́ġ ĩŵŰġŭŰŴŦĪġ
The object particle 䉕 marks the object that is lost.
[item] 䉕 䈭䈒䈜
to lose [item]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
1. వ䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᧁ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈘䈇䈸䉕 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I lost my wallet last Thursday.
2. 䈿䈒䈲 䉋䈒 ゞ䈱 䈎䈑䉕 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈜䇯
I often lose my car keys.
‰ ͙̫̾ͥġ ĩŵŰġŧŪůťĪġ
⷗䈧䈔䉎 is an active verb, which means that when someone says it, it means “I will find it,”
or “they will find it.” Active verbs always imply that they were done by someone and didn’t
just happen on their own. Active verbs generally use the particle 䉕 to mark the object the
verb acts on.
[thing] 䉕 䉂䈧䈔䉎
to find [thing]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ
ġ
1. 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈪 䉇䈜䈇䉝䊌䊷䊃䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䇯
I found a cheap apartment in Tokyo.
2. 䈇䈇䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
Did you find a good restaurant?
3. 䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒䈪 䈫䈩䉅 䈎䉒䈇䈇ሶ›䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䈢䇯
I found a very cute puppy at the pet shop.
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‰ ͙̥̾ͥġ ĩŵŰġţŦġŧŰŶůťĪġ
⷗䈧䈎䉎 is a passive verb. ⷗䈧䈎䉎 states that something has been found, and does not
imply who found the item. Passive verbs generally use the particle 䈏 to mark the object
used with the verb. If you are not directly saying that some particular person has found the
lost item, then ⷗䈧䈎䉎 should be used to say simply, “it was found”
[something] 䈏 䉂䈧䈎䉎
[something] is found
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġġ ġ
1. 䈘䈇䈸䈏 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
Was your wallet found?
2. ጊ䈮 䈇䈦䈢䈔䈬䇮䈍䈩䈅䉌䈇䈏 ⷗䈧䈎䉌䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯
We went to the mountains, but the bathroom was not found.
‰ ̦̳ͭͥ͘ġ ĩŵŰġũŢŷŦġűŢŵŪŦůŤŦļġŦůťŶųŦĭġţŦŢųġŸŪŵũĪġ
In Japan, this verb is very cultural in that supposedly Japanese are known for their ability
to hold back their emotions in public. (No comment on this, just an observation.) The thing
that is being endured is marked with 䉕, but normally this verb is used alone.
[something] 䉕 䈏䉁䉖䈜䉎
to endure [something]
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ġ
1. 䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈏䉁䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I endured lunch. (This means that the person didn’t eat lunch.)
2. 䈖䈖䈲 䈘䉃䈇䈔䈬䇮䈏䉁䉖䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
This place is cold, but please be patient.
Lesson 13 – activities
261
13 ňųŢŮŮŢųġ ̠͐ͭ͗ġ
‰ ńũŢůŨŪůŨġųŦŨŶŭŢųġŷŦųţŴġŪůŵŰġŵũŦġűŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŷŦųţġŧŰųŮġ
There is a pattern used to make a verb into the potential verb form. The “can-do” /
“able-to-do” verb form is made by changing the last syllable of the dictionary form of the
verb, which is always the 䈉-form, to the 䈋-form, and then adding 䉎.
the 䈋 form of a verb + 䉎
Look at the following regular verbs and see how this formula is applied to them.
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŇŰųŮġ
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
őŰŴŪŵŪŷŦġ
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
őŢŴŵġ
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
ŏŦŨŢŵŪŷŦġ
䈇䈒
to go
䈇䈔䉎
can go
䈇䈔䈢
could go
䈇䈔䈭䈇
can’t go
䈱䉃
to drink
䈱䉄䉎
can drink
䈱䉄䈢
could drink
䈱䉄䈭䈇
can’t drink
䈉䉎
to sell
䈉䉏䉎
can sell
䈉䉏䈢
could sell
䈉䉏䈭䈇
can’t sell
䈎䈉
to buy
䈎䈋䉎
can buy
䈎䈋䈢
could buy
䈎䈋䈭䈇
can’t buy
ġ
‰ ńũŢůŨŪůŨġ ̞ͥİ̢ͥġ ŷŦųţŴġŪůŵŰġŵũŦġűŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŷŦųţġŧŰųŮġ
Not all verbs fit into the pattern from above. If it is a 䈇䉎/䈋䉎 verb, you need to drop the
last 䉎 and then add 䉌䉏䉎. In other words, the 䉎 on the end of each dictionary form is
replaced with 䉌䉏䉎.
(䈇䉎/䈋䉎 verb) drop 䉎 + 䉌䉏䉎
Look at the following 䈇䉎/䈋䉎 verbs and see how this formula is applied to them.
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŇųŰŮġ
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
őŰŴŪŵŪŷŦġ
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
őŢŴŵġ
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
ŏŦŨŢŵŪŷŦġ
䈢䈼䉎
to eat
䈢䈼䉌䉏䉎
can eat
䈢䈼䉌䉏䈢
could eat
䈢䈼䉌䉏䈭䈇
can’t eat
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䉂䉎
to see
䉂䉌䉏䉎
can see
䉂䉌䉏䈢
could see
䉂䉌䉏䈭䈇
can’t see
䈍䈐䉎
to wake up
䈍䈐䉌䉏䉎
can wake up
䈍䈐䉌䉏䈢
could wake up
䈍䈐䉌䉏䈭䈇
can’t wake up
䈰䉎
to sleep
䈰䉌䉏䉎
can sleep
䈰䉌䉏䈢
could sleep
䈰䉌䉏䈭䈇
can’t sleep
Since the following 䈇䉎/䈋䉎 verbs are actually 䈇䉎/䈋䉎 exception verbs and follow the
regular verb style of conjugation, they are conjugated as follows:
ŅŪŤŵŪŰůŢųźġŇųŰŮġ
䈎䈋䉎
to return
䈐䉎
to cut
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
őŰŴŪŵŪŷŦġ
䈎䈋䉏䉎
can return
䈐䉏䉎
can cut
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
őŢŴŵġ
䈎䈋䉏䈢
could return
䈐䉏䈢
could cut
őŰŵŦůŵŪŢŭġŇŰųŮġ
ŏŦŨŢŵŪŷŦġ
䈎䈋䉏䈭䈇
can’t return
䈐䉏䈭䈇
can’t cut
ġ
ġ
ŐŵũŦųġŦŹŤŦűŵŪŰůġŷŦųţŴĻ
䈚䉎 (to know)
䈲䈇䉎 (to enter)
䈇䉎 (to need)
䈜䈼䉎 (to slide)
䈔䉎 (to kick)
䈻䉎 (to decrease)
䈎䈛䉎 (to bite)
䈰䉎 (to knead)
䉁䈛䉎 (to be mixed)
䈚䉆䈼䉎 (to talk)
䈲䈚䉎 (to run)
䈞䈶䉎 (to extort)
䈤䉎 (to scatter)
䈅䈞䉎 (to be in a hurry)
䈩䉎 (to shine)
‰ őŢųŵŪŤŭŦġŴŸŪŵŤũġ
When using the potential verb form, the particle 䈏 is used instead of the object marker 䉕.
ņŹŢŮűŭŦġŔŦůŵŦůŤŦŴġ ġ
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䈍䈜䈚䈏 䈢䈼䉌䉏䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
I cannot eat sushi.
2. 䈇䉁䈲 ゞ䈏 䈎䈋䉁䈞䉖䇯
I cannot buy a car now.
3. 䈐䈱䈉䈲 䈎䈟䈣䈦䈢䈎䉌䇮䊎䊷䊦䈏 䈱䉄䈭䈎䈦䈢䇯
I had a cold yesterday, so I couldn’t drink beer.
4. 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈢䈎䈇䈎䉌䇮䈇䈋䈏 䈎䈋䈭䈇䉋䇯
Tokyo is expensive, so I cannot buy a house there.
Lesson 13 – activities
263
13 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰůġ ηΣ̥̞ͩ ŋĮņġ
Using a piece of paper cover up the entire English portion of the conversations below. Read
the Japanese conversation several times until you understand it. Only then should you move
the paper to compare your translation to the English translation.
1. Polite conversation between a newcomer to Japan and a Japanese person
A䋺 䈖䉏䈲 䈢䈼䉌䉏䉁䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈲䈇䇮䈢䈼䉌䉏䉁䈜䉋䇯䈫䈩䉅 䈍䈇䈚䈇䈪䈜䉋䇯
A䋺 䈭䉖䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈚䈠䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
Can you eat this?
Yes I can eat it. It is very delicious.
What is it?
It’s Japanese basil.
2. Polite conversation between a person from the country and his Tokyo friend
A䋺 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈪 䈻䉇䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
B䋺 䈬䉖䈭 䈻䉇䈪䈜䈎䇯
A䋺 䉇䈤䉖䈏 ੖䉁䉖౞䉁䈪䈱 䈻䉇䈪䈜䇯
B䋺 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈪䈲 䈘䈏䈞䈭䈇䈪䈜䉋䇯
A䋺 䈋䈋䇮䈭䉖䈪䈪䈜䈎䇯
B䋺 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈲 ᣣᧄ䈪 ৻䈳䉖 䉇䈤䉖䈏 䈢䈎䈇䈪䈜䇯
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
I am looking for a room in Tokyo.
What kind of room is it?
A room in which the rent is up to ¥50,000
You won’t be able to find one in Tokyo.
What!? Why?
Because Tokyo has the most expensive rent in Japan.
3. Casual conversation between newlyweds
A䋺 䈖䈱 䊖䊁䊦䈱 䊒䊷䊦䈲 ᄢ䈐䈇䈰䇯
B䋺 䈉䉖䇮䈠䉏䈮 ੑච྾䈛䈎䉖 䈍䉋䈕䉎䉋䇯
A䋺 䈜䈗䈇䈰䇯䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈍䉋䈏䈭䈇䋿
A䋺 This hotel’s pool is big.
B䋺 Yes, and you can also swim 24 hours.
A䋺 That is great. Why don’t we swim now?
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4. Informal conversation between old friends
A䋺 䈇䉁 䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈚䈩䈭䈇䇯
B䋺 䈭䉖䈪 䈚䈩䈭䈇䈱䋿
A䋺 ⿷䈏 䈇䈢䈇䈎䉌䇮䈲䈢䉌䈔䈭䈇䇯
A䋺 I am not working now.
B䋺 Why aren’t you working?
A䋺 Since my foot hurts, I cannot work.
13 ŎŪůŪġńŰůŷŦųŴŢŵŪŰů ηΣ̥̞ͩ ņĮŋġ
Using a piece of paper, cover up the entire Japanese portion of the conversations below.
Translate the English conversation to Japanese. Only after you have translated the entire
conversation should you move the paper to check your work.
1. Informal conversation between two school friends
A䋺 Can you swim?
B䋺 Yes, I can swim.
A䋺 Won’t you go to the pool with me tomorrow?
B䋺 That sounds good. How shall we go?
A䋺 Let’s go by bicycle.
B䋺 It’s far to the pool! You can’t go by bicycle!
A䋺 Well then let’s go by bus.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
䈍䉋䈕䉎䈱䋿
䈉䉖䇮䈍䉋䈕䉎䉋䇯
䈅䈚䈢 䉒䈢䈚䈫 䊒䊷䊦䈮 䈇䈎䈭䈇?
䈇䈇䉋䇯䈭䈮䈪 䈇䈒䋿
䈛䈩䉖ゞ䈪 䈇䈖䈉 䋨䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䋩䇯
䊒䊷䊦䉁䈪 䈫䈍䈇䉋䇯 䈛䈩䉖ゞ䈪䈲 䈇䈔䈭䈇䉋䇯
䈛䉆䇮䊋䉴䈪 䈇䈖䈉䇯
2. Polite conversation between friends
A䋺 What languages can you speak?
B䋺 I can speak French and English.
A䋺 That is amazing. What other language do you want to speak?
B䋺 I want to speak Chinese.
A䋺
B䋺
A䋺
B䋺
䈭䈮䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯
䊐䊤䊮䉴䈗䈫 䈋䈇䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
䈜䈗䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯䈅䈫 䈭䈮䈗䉕 䈲䈭䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
ਛ䈗䈒䈗䉕 䈲䈭䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
Lesson 13 – activities
265
13 œŦŢťŪůŨġńŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰů ̥̞̓̽ġ
Read the sentences below. Use the information to answer the reading comprehension
questions later in this lesson.
㽲
㽳
㽴
㽵
㽶
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䈲 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇 䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈎䈱ᅚ䈲 䈇䉁 䉴䊷䊌䊷䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
ਃᐕ䈲䉖䉁䈋䈮 ᣣᧄ䈮 䈇䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮ᣣᧄ䈗䈱 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
ᣣᧄ䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉎䈎䉌䇮ᣣᧄ䈱 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈚䈢 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏䈇䈚䉆䈪 䉄䉖䈞䈧䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
13 ŕũŦġŊůŵŦųŷŪŦŸ ̵͛ͭ̾ġ
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䈪䈜䈰䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
䈲䈇䇮䉝䊚䊥䉝䈫 䉅䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯䉋䉐䈚䈒 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䉋䉐䈚䈒 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯䈭䈟 䈖䈖䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
ᣣᧄ䈮 䈲䈛䉄䈩 䈇䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䉒䈢䈚䈲 ᣣᧄ䈏 䈫䈩䉅 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈠䉏䈮 䉒䈢䈚䈲 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯 䈖䈤䉌䈲 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈪 ৻䈳䉖
ᄢ䈐䈇ᣣᧄ䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏䈇䈚䉆䈪䈜䈎䉌䇮䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䈠䈉䈪䈜䈎䇯䈵䈚䉊䈱 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䈏䇮䈭䈮䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
䈋䈇䈗䈫 䉴䊕䉟䊮䈗䈫 ᣣᧄ䈗䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 ᣣᧄ䈗䈲 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇 䈪䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
ᣣ䈛䉊䈉䈎䈇䉒䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䈅䈫䇮ᣣᧄ䈗䈪 ᚻ䈏䉂䈏 䈎䈔䉁䈜䈎䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
䈜䈖䈚䇮䈎䈔䉁䈜䇯䈵䉌䈏䈭䈫 䉦䉺䉦䊅䈏 䈎䈔䉁䈜䈏䇮䈎䉖ሼ䈲 䉁䈣
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䈬䈖䈪 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
ᄢቇ䈪 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䊶䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䈠䉏䈲 䈇䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯䉌䈇᦬ ৻ᣣ䈮 䉁䈢 䈖䈖䈮 䈖䉌䉏䉁䈜䈎䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
䈲䈇䇯䉅䈤䉐䉖䈪䈜䇯
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䉄䉖䈞䈧䈎䉖䋺 䈛䉆䈅䇮౎䈛䈲䉖䈮 䈐䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯ੑ䈎䈇⋡䈱䉄䉖䈞䈧䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䋺
䈲䈇䇮䉒䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯䈅䉍䈏䈫䈉䈗䈙䈇䉁䈜䇯
ġ
ġ
ġ
13 łŤŵŪŷŪŵŪŦŴġ
‰ œŦŢťŪůŨġŤŰŮűųŦũŦůŴŪŰůġŲŶŦŴŵŪŰůŴġ
Answer the following questions about the reading comprehension in this lesson.
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪌㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪍㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪎㪅㩷
䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈇䉁㩷 䈭䈮䉕㩷 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈎䈱ᅚ䈲㩷 䈇䉁㩷 䈬䈖䈪㩷 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈎䈱ᅚ䈲㩷 䈇䈧㩷 ᣣᧄ䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
䈎䈱ᅚ䈲㩷 䈬䉖䈭䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪㩷 䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䈟䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈎䈱ᅚ䈲㩷 䈬䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪㩷 䉄䉖䈞䈧䉕㩷 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
䈭䈟䇮䈠䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪㩷 䉄䉖䈞䈧䉕㩷 䈚䈢䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪏㪅㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉝䈘䉖䈲㩷 䈭䈮䈗䈏㩷 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪐㪅㩷 䈎䈱ᅚ䈲㩷 ᣣᧄ䈗䈏㩷 䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪇㪅㩷 䈎䉖ሼ䈏㩷 䈎䈔䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 13 – activities
㩷
267
㪈㪈㪅㩷 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏㩷 䈪䈐䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㪈㪉㪅㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉝䈘䉖䈲㩷 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏䈇䈚䉆䈪㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈏㩷 䉂䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
ġ
ġ
‰ ŔŶţŴŵŪŵŶŵŪŰůġťųŪŭŭġ
Compose sentences according to the example.
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
ņŹį㩷 䉁䈇䈅䈘䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈍䈐䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ can’t get up㩷
㩷
䉁䈇䈅䈘䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈍䈐䉌䉏䉁䈞䉖䇯㩷
㩷
Æ can eat breakfast㩷
㩷
䉁䈇䈅䈘䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䈏㩷 䈢䈼䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
Æ can’t eat breakfast㩷
㩷
䉁䈇䈅䈘䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈅䈘䈗䈲䉖䈏㩷 䈢䈼䉌䉏䉁䈞䉖䇯㩷
㩷
Æ can go to work㩷
㩷
䉁䈇䈅䈘䇮䈲䉇䈒㩷 䈚䈗䈫䈮㩷 䈇䈔䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㪈㪅 వ䈚䉈䈉䈱㩷 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈮㩷 ゞ䈱㩷 䈎䈑䉕㩷 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ wallet㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ last Wednesday㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ cell phone㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ the day before yesterday
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈪㩷 䉇䈜䈇䉝䊌䊷䊃䉕㩷 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ cute dress at this store㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ cool T-shirt at Disneyland㩷 㩷
㩷
Æ sea shells at the beach 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ nice ring at the department store 㩷
㩷
㩷
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㪊㪅 䉒䈢䈚䈱㩷 䈘䈇䈸䈏㩷 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ Keiko’s puppy㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ Mr. Tanaka’s keys 㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
Æ good Japanese dictionary㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ inexpensive Japanese restaurant
㩷
㩷
㩷
㪋㪅 䈖䈫䈚䈱㩷 䈭䈧䇮ᣣᧄ䈮㩷 䈇䈔䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ can buy a new house㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ can return home㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ can sell my old car㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 Æ can see my best friend 㩷 㩷
㩷
‰ ŒŶŦŴŵŪŰůġŢůťġŢůŴŸŦųġ
Answer the following questions using the words and patterns in this lesson.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷 䈫䈐䈬䈐䇮䊒䊷䊦䈪㩷 䈍䉋䈑䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪉㪅㩷 䈍䈜䈚䈏㩷 䈢䈼䉌䉏䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷 䈬䉖䈭㩷 䈍䈜䈚䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪊㪅㩷 䈅䈭䈢䈱↸䈪䇮ᣣᧄ䈱㩷 䊁䊧䊎䈳䉖䈓䉂䋨㪫㪭㩷㫇㫉㫆㪾㫉㪸㫄㫊䋩䈏㩷 ⷗䉌䉏䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㪋㪅㩷 䈇䈒䈧䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈎䉖ሼ䈏㩷 䈎䈔䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷
Lesson 13 – activities
269
㪌㪅㩷 ᣣᧄ䈱㩷 䈚䉖䈹䉖䈏㩷 䉋䉄䉁䈜䈎䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
‰ ŔũŰųŵġťŪŢŭŰŨŶŦġ
Ken lost his house key at school and he was waiting outside until his mother came back
home.
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䈔䉖䈤䉆䉖䇮䈠䈫䈪 䈭䈮 䈚䈩䉎䈱䋿䈎䈑䈏 䈅䉎䈪䈚䉊䈉䋿
䈔䉖䈤䉆䉖:
䈉䈉䉖䇯䈐䉊䈉䇮ቇᩞ䈱 䊒䊷䊦䈪 䈍䉋䈇䈪䉎䈫䈐䈮 䈭䈒䈚䈢㵺䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䈋䈋䈦䋣䈭䈒䈚䈢䈱䋿
䈔䉖䈤䉆䉖:
䈉䉖䇯䈘䈏䈚䈢䈔䈬䇮⷗䈧䈔䉌䉏䈭䈎䈦䈢䊶䊶䊶䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䈛䉆䈅䇮䈬䈉䈜䉎䈱䋿
䈔䉖䈤䉆䉖:
䉅䈉 ৻䉀䉖䇮䈎䈑䈏 䈅䉎䋿
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䉅䈉 䈭䈇䉋䇯 䈅䈚䈢䇮ቇᩞ䈱 䉒䈜䉏䉅䈱䉶䊮䉺䊷䈮 䈇䈦䈩䇯
䈔䉖䈤䉆䉖:
䈉䉖䇯䈠䈖䈪 䈭䈇䈫䈐䈲 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈱䉕 䈧䈒䈦䈩䇯
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖:
䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䈪䉅䇮䉅䈉 䈭䈒䈘䈭䈇䈪䈰䇯
New words and expressions in the dialogue
őųŰŨųŦŴŴŪŷŦġ
ŌŢůūŪġĬġ
ņůŨŭŪŴũġ
䉒䈜䉏䉅䈱
ᔓ䉏‛
forgotten items
䈧䈒䉎
૞䉎
to make
270
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‰ őŢųŵŪŤŭŦŴġ
Fill in the blanks with appropriate particles.
㩷㩷
㪈㪅㩷
㩷
㩷
㪉㪅
㩷
㩷
㪊㪅
㩷
䈐䉊䈉䇮㩷 ੖䈛㩷 㩷
㩷
వ䈚䉈䈉㩷 㩷
㩷 䈇䈋㩷 㩷
㩷 䈎䈋䉏䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䇮㩷 䈉䉂㩷 㩷
㩷
ጊ↰䈘䉖䈲㩷 ਃ᦬㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷 ᄢ䈘䈎㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 䉉䈶䉒㩷
㩷 䈭䈒䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷 㩷 㩷 㩷 䈩䉖䈐䉖㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 䈎䈑㩷 㩷
㩷 ቇᩞ㩷 㩷 㩷
㪋㪅 䈐䈱䈉䇮ゞ㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷
㪌㪅 䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䉲䊄䊆䊷㩷 㩷
㩷 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㩷 㩷 䇸䉅䈦䈫㩷 䈎䉖ሼ䉕㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇹㩷 㩷 㩷
㪍㪅 వ↢㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯㩷
㩷
㪎㪅
㩷
㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷㩷
㩷
㩷
㪏㪅
㩷
㩷
㪐㪅
䉌䈇䈰䉖䇮䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉㩷 㩷
㩷
㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯䈠䈚䈩䇮䈋䈇䈗㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 䈞䉖䈞䈇㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
䊨䉰䊮䉷䊦䉴㩷
㩷 ᣣᧄ㩷 㩷
㩷 䈍䉂䈞㩷 㩷 㩷
䈍㊄䈏䈭䈇㩷 㩷 㩷
㩷 㩷 䇮䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷㩷
㩷 㩷 䈢䈒䈘䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯㩷
㩷 㩷 䈎䈋䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯㩷
the appendices
271
The
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Vocabulary Groups
APPENDIX B
Answer Key
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APPENDIX A
A
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Middle East
Africa
North Pole
South Pole
equator
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Japan Sea
national border
United Nations
B
electricity
wall
emergency exit
door
curtains
carpet
roof
floor
ceiling
rooftop
basement
shower
electric outlet
hanger
iron
radio
washing machine
Vocabulary Groups
ŨŦŰŨųŢűũź
䉝䉳䉝
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
䈤䉈䈉䈫䈉
䉝䊐䊥䉦
䈾䈦䈐䉊䈒
䈭䉖䈐䉊䈒
䈞䈐䈬䈉
䈢䈇䈞䈇䉋䈉
䈢䈇䈻䈇䉋䈉
䈮䈾䉖䈎䈇
䈖䈦䈐䉊䈉
䈖䈒䉏䉖
䉝䉳䉝
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
ਛ᧲
䉝䊐䊥䉦
ർᭂ
ධᭂ
⿒㆏
ᄢ⷏ᵗ
ᄥᐔᵗ
ᣣᧄᶏ
࿖Ⴚ
࿖ㅪ
ŢŵġŵũŦġũŰŶŴŦġ
䈪䉖䈐
䈎䈼
䈵䈛䉊䈉䈓䈤
䊄䉝
䉦䊷䊁䊮
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
䉇䈰
䉉䈎
䈩䉖䈛䉊䈉
䈍䈒䈛䉊䈉
䈤䈎䈚䈧
䉲䊞䊪䊷
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
䊊䊮䉧䊷
䉝䉟䊨䊮
䊤䉳䉥
䈞䉖䈢䈒䈐
㔚᳇
ო
㕖Ᏹญ
䊄䉝
䉦䊷䊁䊮
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
ደᩮ
ᐥ
ᄤ੗
ደ਄
࿾ਅቶ
䉲䊞䊪䊷
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
䊊䊮䉧䊷
䉝䉟䊨䊮
䊤䉳䉥
ᵞữᯏ
the appendices – vocabulary groups
C
brush
safety pin
toilet paper
flower vase
pots and pans
kitchen knife
frying pan
cutting board
kettle
candle
D
Christmas tree
Santa Claus
reindeer
fireplace
snowman
bell
Merry Christmas
E
grave
bat
devil
skeleton
ghost
blood
F
wedding ring
bouquet
wedding cake
wedding dress
273
ŬŪŵŤũŦůġŢůťġţŢŵũ
䊑䊤䉲
䈅䉖䈟䉖䊏䊮
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃䊕䊷䊌䊷
䈎䈶䉖
䈭䈼
䈾䈉䈤䉊䈉
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
䉁䈭䈇䈢
䉇䈎䉖
䉐䈉䈠䈒
䊑䊤䉲
቟ో䊏䊮
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃䊕䊷䊌䊷
⧎↉
㍿
൮ৼ
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
䉁䈭᧼
䉇䈎䉖
ⱼῒ
ńũųŪŴŵŮŢŴġŸŰųťŴġ
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
䊃䊅䉦䉟
䈣䉖䉐
䉉䈐䈣䉎䉁
䊔䊦 / 䈜䈝
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
䊃䊅䉦䉟
ᥦἹ
㔐䈣䉎䉁
䊔䊦 / ㋈
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
ŴŤŢųźġŸŰųťŴġ
䋨䈍䋩䈲䈎
䈖䈉䉅䉍
䈅䈒䉁
䈏䈇䈖䈧
䈍䈳䈔
䈤
Ⴤ
䈖䈉䉅䉍
ᖡ㝷
㜈㛽
䈍ൻ䈔
ⴊ
ŮŢųųŪŢŨŦġŸŰųťŴġ
䈔䈦䈖䉖䉉䈶䉒
䊑䊷䉬
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
⚿ᇕᜰベ
䊑䊷䉬
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
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divorce
lawyer
heart
wine
red wine
rose wine
white wine
champagne
G
䉍䈖䉖
䈼䉖䈗䈚
䊊䊷䊃
䊪䉟䊮
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
㔌ᇕ
ᑯ⼔჻
䊊䊷䊃
䊪䉟䊮
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
ŢųŰŶůťġŵŰŸůġ
parking lot
taxi stand
elevator
escalator
bus stop
library
railroad crossing
sidewalk
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆䈛䉊䈉
䉺䉪䉲䊷䈱䉍䈳
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
䊋䉴䈩䈇
䈫䈚䉊䈎䉖
䈸䉂䈐䉍
䈾䈬䈉
H
ŢųŰŶůťġŵũŦġŰŧŧŪŤŦġ
calculator
tape (cellophane)
two-sided tape
stapler
file cabinet
paper clip
folder
ballpoint pen
ink
correction fluid
hole puncher
pencil sharpener
appointment book
laptop computer
safe (to secure valuables)
piggy bank
tip (for services)
䈔䈇䈘䉖䈐
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
䉍䉊䈉䉄䉖䊁䊷䊒
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
䊐䉜䉟䊦
䋨䊕䊷䊌䊷䋩䉪䊥䉾䊒
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
䉟䊮䉪
䈚䉈䈉䈞䈇䈋䈐
䊌䊮䉼
䈋䉖䈷䈧䈔䈝䉍
䉲䉴䊁䊛䈩䈤䉊䈉
䊤䉾䊒䊃䉾䊒
䈐䉖䈖
䈤䉊䈐䉖䈳䈖
䉼䉾䊒
㚢ゞ႐
ਸ਼䉍႐
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
䊋䉴஗
࿑ᦠ㙚
〯䉂ಾ䉍
ᱠ㆏
⸘▚ᯏ
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
ਔ㕙䊁䊷䊒
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
䊐䉜䉟䊦 䉨䊞䊎䊈䉾䊃
䋨䊕䊷䊌䊷䋩䉪䊥䉾䊒
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
䉟䊮䉪
ୃᱜᶧ
䊌䊮䉼
㋦╩೥䉍
䉲䉴䊁䊛ᚻᏭ
䊤䉾䊒䊃䉾䊒
㊄ᐶ
⾂㊄▫
䉼䉾䊒
the appendices – vocabulary groups
I
handicap
a cold
headache
injury
thermometer (for body)
x-ray
surgery
shot
cough
tears
bandage, dressing
balloon
dentures (false teeth)
hives, rash
vitamins
wheelchair
J
stomach
lungs
muscles
dimples
thumb
index finger
middle finger
ring finger
pinky (little finger)
armpit
arm
bone
breasts, chest
front teeth
molars
tongue
beard
pimple
ŢųŰŶůťġŵũŦġũŰŴűŪŵŢŭġ
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
䈎䈟
䈝䈧䈉
䈔䈏
䈢䈇䈍䉖䈔䈇
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
䈚䉈䈛䉈䈧
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆
䈞䈐
䈭䉂䈣
䈾䈉䈢䈇
䈸䈉䈞䉖
䈇䉏䈳
䈛䉖䉁䈚䉖
䊎䉺䊚䊮
䈒䉎䉁䈇䈜
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
㘑㇎
㗡∩
ᕋᚒ
૕᷷⸘
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
ᚻⴚ
ᵈ኿
ຕ
ᶡ
൮Ꮺ
㘑⦁
౉ᱤ
⭄㤗∐
䊎䉺䊚䊮
ゞ᫹ሶ
ŮŰųŦġŢůťġŮŰųŦġţŰťźġűŢųŵŴġ
䈇
䈲䈇
䈐䉖䈮䈒
䈋䈒䈿
䈍䉇䉉䈶
䈵䈫䈘䈚䉉䈶
䈭䈎䉉䈶
䈒䈜䉍䉉䈶
䈖䉉䈶
䉒䈐䈱䈚䈢
䈉䈪
䈾䈰
䉃䈰
䉁䈋䈳
䈍䈒䈳
䈚䈢
䈵䈕
䈮䈐䈶
⢗
⢖
╭⡺
╉┄
ⷫᜰ
ੱᏅ䈚ᜰ
ਛᜰ
⮎ᜰ
ዊᜰ
䉒䈐䈱ਅ
⣨
㛽
⢷
೨ᱤ
ᅏᱤ
⥠
㜯
䈮䈐䈶
275
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YesJapan.com
K
film
development
disposable camera
film shop
photograph
Polaroid
negative
tripod
L
butterfly
grasshopper
spider
caterpillar
scorpion
ladybug
M
potted plants
bamboo
palm tree
cactus
tulip
sunflower
acorn
mushroom
N
circle
triangle
square
box
rectangle
űũŰŵŰŨųŢűũźġ
䊐䉞䊦䊛
䈕䉖䈡䈉
䈧䈎䈇䈜䈩䉦䊜䊤
䈚䉆䈚䉖䉇
䈚䉆䈚䉖
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
䊈䉧
䈘䉖䈐䉆䈒
䊐䉞䊦䊛
⃻௝
૶䈇ᝥ䈩䉦䊜䊤
౮⌀ደ
౮⌀
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
䊈䉧
ਃ⣉
ţŶŨŴġġ
䈤䉊䈉䈤䉊䈉
䈳䈦䈢
䈒䉅
䈔䉃䈚
䈘䈠䉍
䈩䉖䈫䈉䉃䈚
༆༆
䈳䈦䈢
Ⱡⰸ
Ძ⯻
⳩
䈩䉖䈫䈉⯻
űŭŢůŵŴġġ
䈉䈋䈐
䈢䈔
䉇䈚䈱䈐
䉰䊗䊁䊮
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
䈵䉁䉒䉍
䈬䉖䈓䉍
䈐䈱䈖
ᬀᧁ
┻
ᬔሶ䈱ᧁ
䉰䊗䊁䊮
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
ะᣣ⫓
࿅ᩙ
⨧
ŴũŢűŦŴġġ
䉁䉎
䈘䉖䈎䈒
䈚䈎䈒
䈲䈖
䈤䉊䈉䈾䈉䈔䈇
ਣ
ਃⷺ
྾ⷺ
▫
㐳ᣇᒻ
the appendices – vocabulary groups
O
button
sandals
sneakers
high heels
one-piece dress
jacket
jeans
shoelace
P
277
ŤŭŰŵũŪůŨġġ
䊗䉺䊮
䉰䊮䉻䊦
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
䉳䊷䊌䊮
䈒䈧䈵䉅
䊗䉺䊮
䉰䊮䉻䊦
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
䉳䊷䊌䊮
㕦⚌
ŪůġŵũŦġŵŰŰŭġŴũŦťġġ
paint
nail
screw
saw
hammer
screwdriver
flathead screwdriver
Phillips screwdriver
bucket
car battery
battery
flashlight
ladder
䊕䊮䉨
䈒䈑
䈰䈛
䈱䈖䈑䉍
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊙䉟䊅䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊒䊤䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊋䉬䉿
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
䈪䉖䈤
䈎䈇䈤䉈䈉䈪䉖䈫䈉
䈲䈚䈗
Q
ŪůġŵũŦġŤŭŢŴŴųŰŰŮġġ
vocabulary, words
noun
adjective
verb
grammar
test
䈢䉖䈗
䉄䈇䈚
䈔䈇䉋䈉䈚
䈬䈉䈚
䈹䉖䉀䈉
䊁䉴䊃 / 䈚䈔䉖
䊕䊮䉨
㊉
䈰䈛
㍍
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊙䉟䊅䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊒䊤䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊋䉬䉿
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
㔚ᳰ
ᙬਛ㔚Ἦ
䈲䈚䈗
න⺆
ฬ⹖
ᒻኈ⹖
േ⹖
ᢥᴺ
䊁䉴䊃 / ⹜㛎
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YesJapan.com
R
ţŰťŪŭźġŧŶůŤŵŪŰůŴġġ
We don’t intend any offense by the next set of words – you never know when such vocabulary
might come in handy.
hiccups
fart
burp
sneeze
urine
feces
booger
snot
slobber
snoring
yawn
S
rocket
bomb
rifle
pistol
army knife
canteen
war
war aircraft
submarine
air force
army
navy
self-defense force
nuclear bomb
tank
T
front desk
checkout
check-in
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
䈍䈭䉌
䈕䈦䈺
䈒䈚䉆䉂
䈍䈚䈦䈖 (everyday way)
䈉䉖䈖 (everyday way)
䈲䈭䈒䈠
䈲䈭䉂䈝
䉋䈣䉏
䈇䈶䈐
䈅䈒䈶
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
䈍䈭䉌
䈕䈦䈺
䈒䈚䉆䉂
䈍䈚䈦䈖
䈉䉖䈖
㥦䈒䈠
㥦᳓
ᶘ
䈇䈶䈐
ᰳિ
ŸŦŢűŰůŴġŢůťġŵũŦġŮŪŭŪŵŢųźġġ
䊨䉬䉾䊃
䈳䈒䈣䉖
䊤䉟䊐䊦
䊏䉴䊃䊦
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
䈜䈇䈫䈉
䈞䉖䈠䈉
䈞䉖䈫䈉䈐
䈞䉖䈜䈇䈎䉖
䈒䈉䈓䉖
䉍䈒䈓䉖
䈎䈇䈓䉖
䈛䈋䈇䈢䈇
䈕䉖䈚䈳䈒䈣䉖
䈞䉖䈚䉆
䊨䉬䉾䊃
῜ᒢ
䊤䉟䊐䊦
䊏䉴䊃䊦
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
᳓╴
ᚢ੎
ᚢ㑵ᯏ
ẜ᳓⦘
ⓨァ
㒽ァ
ᶏァ
⥄ⴡ㓌
ේሶ῜ᒢ
ᚢゞ
ŪůġŢġũŰŵŦŭġġ
䊐䊨䊮䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
䊐䊨䊮䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
the appendices – vocabulary groups
room service
buffet
vending machine
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
䈛䈬䈉䈲䉖䈳䈇䈐
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
⥄േ⽼ᄁᯏ
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the appendices – answer key
ġ
ġ APPENDIX
ġ
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġIJġ
B
281
Answer Key
ġ
Fill in the kanji
1. 䈅䈚䈢 ౐䈛྾䈛䉈䈉੖䈸䉖䈮 䈍䈐䉁䈜䇯
Tomorrow I will get up at 6:45.
2. 䈎䉂䈏 ਃ䉁䈇䈫 䈋䉖䈷䈧䈏 ੑ䈾䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are three sheets of paper and two pencils.
3. ੑ䈏䈧ਃ䈎䈱 ྾䈛䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I will go on the third of February at four o’clock.
4. 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈲 ౐䈛䉈䈉৻䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
My dad is 61 years old.
5. 䉁䈇䈮䈤䇮䊎䊷䊦䉕 ৻䉀䉖䇮䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
Everyday, I drink one bottle of beer.
6. 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈏 ੖䈮䉖䇮䈇䉁䈜䇯
I have five friends in Japan. (There are five friends in Japan.)
7. ੑ䈛྾䈛䉈䈦䈺䉖䈗䉐䇮䈐䉁䈜䇯
I will come around 2:40.
ġ
Reading comprehension translation
㽲 My girlfriend is a 26-year-old nurse.
㽳㩷 She is Japanese.
㽴㩷 Her name is Masumi.
㽵㩷 Masumi will be coming to America on December 5th for the first time.
㽶㩷 She will be staying at my house until December 13th.
㽷㩷 She will return to Japan on the morning of the 13th.
㽸㩷 She works everyday until seven in the evening.
㽹㩷 She often calls me after work.
㽺㩷 I call her every Monday night.
㽻㩷 We always talk about two hours.
ԢBut, the last time was about four hours, so I don't have any more money.
ԣMy phone bill for the last month was $459 in total.
Mother
Chris
Mother
Hello? This is Takahara.
Hello, this is Chris. Is Masumi there?
Yes, please wait a moment.
Masumi
Chris
Masumi
Chris
Masumi
Chris
Masumi
Chris
Hello?
Hello, this is Chris.
Oh, Chris! What time is it in America now?
It is five o’clock in the morning. How about Japan?
It is nine o’clock in the evening. What are you going to do today?
I am going to work at seven thirty. When are you coming to America?
I am going (there) on December fifth. It is a 3:45 flight.
I am happy. Come here soon. I am lonely because I am alone.
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Masumi Me too. Oh, sorry. We are going to have dinner now, so I will call you later.
Chris
Ok. Well, talk to you later. Bye.
Masumi Do you best on your work. Bye.
Reading comprehension questions
1.
What is the speaker’s girlfriend’s name?
䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈪䈜䇯
2.
When is Masumi coming to America?
䈛䉈䈉ੑ䈏䈧੖䈎䈮 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䉁䈜䇯
3. Does Masumi stay at a hotel in America?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈲 䊖䊁䊦䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯 䈎䉏䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
4.
When is she going back to Japan?
䈛䉈䈉ਃ䈮䈤䈱 䈅䈘䈮 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
5.
What is her job?
䈎䉖䈗䈸䈪䈜䇯
6.
Until what time does she work?
䉋䉎䈱 䈚䈤䈛䉁䈪䈪䈜䇯
7.
When does she call the narrator?
䉋䈒 䈚䈗䈫䈱 䈅䈫䇮䈪䉖䉒䉕䈚䉁䈜䇯
8.
When does the speaker call Masumi?
䉁䈇䈚䉈䈉䇮䈕䈧䉋䈉䈶䈱 䉋䉎䈮䇮䉁䈜䉂䈘䉖䈮 䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
9.
About how many hours does the speaker normally talk to Masumi on the phone?
ੑ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
10. Why doesn’t the speaker have any money?
䈖䈱䈅䈇䈣 ྾䈛䈎䉖 䈪䉖䉒䈪 䈲䈭䈚䈢䈎䉌䇮䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇䈏 䈫䈩䉅䈢䈎䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. 䈐䈱䈉
䈐䈱䈉
䈐䈱䈉
䈐䈱䈉
ੑ䈛䈎䉖 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
ੑ䈛䈎䉖 䊁䊧䊎䉕 䉂䉁䈚䈢䇯
ੑ䈛䈎䉖 䈾䉖䉕 䉋䉂䉁䈚䈢䇯
ਃ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈾䉖䉕 䉋䉂䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. ྾䈛䈎䉌 䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈍䉖䈏䈒䉕 䈐䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈇䉁䈎䉌 䈰䉁䈜䇯
3. ৻䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
౐䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋䈮 䈔䈦䈖䉖䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
౐䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋䈮 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
౐䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋䈮 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䈭䉖䈮䈤䋨䈎䉖䋩 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
䈭䉖䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
䈭䉖䈎䈕䈧 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈇䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
the appendices – answer key
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䉋䈒 䊗䊷䉟䊐䊧䊮䊄䈫 䈪䉖䉒䈪 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
䉋䈒 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈫 䈪䉖䉒䈪 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈇䈧䉅 ৻䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈧䉅 ਃ䈛䉈䈦䈺䉖䈓䉌䈇 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
3. ੑ䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈖䈖 [or the name of the city you live in now] 䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
྾䈎䈕䈧䉁䈋䈮 䈖䈖䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䉁䈇䈮䈤 䈚䈗䈫䈲 䈒䈛䈎䉌 ੖䈛䉁䈪䈪䈜䇯
䉁䈇䈮䈤 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲 䈚䈤䈛䈎䉌 ྾䈛䉁䈪䈪䈜䇯
5. 䉁䈇䈮䈤 䈲䈤䈛䈎䉖䇮䈲䈢䉌䈐䉁䈜䇯
䉁䈇䈮䈤 ੖䈛䈎䉖䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
6. 䈲䈇䇮䈫䈐䈬䈐 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈪 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈮䈾䉖䈗䈪 䈲䈭䈚䉁䈞䉖䇯
7. 䈲䈇䇮䈫䈐䈬䈐 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈫䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈫䉁䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġijġ
Fill in the kanji
1. 䈮䈾䉖䈮 ච྾䈰䉖䈲䉖䇮䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
I was in Japan for fourteen and half years.
2. ੑච䈰䉖䉁䈋䈮 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I came to America twenty years ago.
4. ੖䈏䈧౎䈎䈱 ৾䈛䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Please come at seven o’clock on May 8th.
4. 䈍䈳䈅䈘䉖䈲 ౎චਃ䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
My grandma is 83 years old.
5. 䈖䈱䉲䊞䉿䈲 ਻ජ౎⊖䈋䉖䈪䈜䇯
This shirt is 9,800 yen.
6. 䈵䈫䈏 ৾䈮䉖䈫 䈰䈖䈏 ౐䈷䈐 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There are seven people and six cats.
7. 䉼䉬䉾䊃䉕 ੑජ਻⊖䉁䈇 䈎䈇䉁䈜䇯
I will buy 2,900 tickets.
Writing Review – Katakana countries
1.
5.
9.
13.
䉝䊜䊥䉦
䊔䊦䉩䊷
䊑䊤䉳䊦
䉴䉮䉾䊃䊤䊮䊄
2.
6.
10.
14.
䉟䉩䊥䉴
䊔䊃䊅䊛
䉴䊕䉟䊮
䉥䊷䉴䊃䊤䊥䉝
3.
7.
11.
15.
䊐䊤䊮䉴
4.
䉴䉟䉴
8.
䉦䊅䉻
12.
䊆䊠䊷䉳䊷䊤䊮䊄
䉟䉺䊥䉝
䊨䉲䉝
䊜䉨䉲䉮
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YesJapan.com
Reading comprehension translation
Dear. Mr. Mikami,
㽲 Hello. It’s been a while.
㽳 How is everyone?
㽴 Everyone here is fine.
㽵 Today, Las Vegas is very hot.
㽶 It was very hot yesterday, too.
㽷 It’s our first time in Las Vegas.
㽸 We came here from Japan three days ago.
㽹 It took eleven hours to Las Vegas by plane.
㽺 My mom is shopping everyday.
㽻 The night before last, I bought a cute mini skirt and shoes at the shopping mall with my older sister.
㽼 They were very cheap.
㽽 My dad loves gambling.
㽾 I don’t like it because I don’t have so much money.
㽿 We are going back to Japan tomorrow.
㾀 Well, please take care of yourself.
From Mariko Kudo
Reading comprehension questions
1. Where is Mariko now?
䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈲 䈇䉁 䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䈮 䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. Is it cold in Las Vegas today?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䈲 䈐䉊䈉 䈫䈩䉅 䈅䈧䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. Was it cold yesterday?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈐䈱䈉䉅 䈫䈩䉅 䈅䈧䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
4. How long does it take from Japan to Las Vegas by plane?
ච৻䈛䈎䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
5䋮 What did Mariko buy the day before yesterday?
䈎䉒䈇䈇䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃䈫 䈒䈧䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
6䋮 Where did she buy them?
䉲䊢䉾䊏䊮䉫䊝䊷䊦䈪 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
7䋮 With whom did she go to the shopping mall?
䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈫 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
8䋮 Does her dad like gambling?
䈲䈇䇮䈣䈇䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
9䋮 Does Mariko dislike gambling?
䈲䈇䇮䈐䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
10. Why does she dislike gambling?
䈍䈎䈰䈏 䈅䉁䉍䈭䈇䈎䉌䇮䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
11. When is she going back to Japan?
䈅䈚䈢䇮䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
the appendices – answer key
Substitution drill
1. 䉴䊒䊷䊮䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
䊐䉤䊷䉪䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
䈩䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
䊐䉤䊷䉪䈫 䊅䉟䊐䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
2. ৻䈰䉖䈮 ੑ䈎䈇 䈮䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
৻䈰䉖䈮 ੑ䈎䈇 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
ੑ䈰䉖䈮 ৻䈎䈇 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
䉋䈒 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
3. 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱
䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱
䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱
䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱
䉪䊤䉴䈮
䉪䊤䉴䈮
䉪䊤䉴䈮
䉪䊤䉴䈮
䊋䉴䈪 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈒䉎䉁䈪 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䉎䈇䈩 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䉪䊧䉳䉾䊃䉦䊷䊄䈪 䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇䉕 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈕䉖䈐䉖䈪 䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇䉕 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈕䉖䈐䉖䈪 䈪䉖䈐䈣䈇䉕 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈕䉖䈐䉖䈪 䊖䊁䊦䈣䈇䉕 䈲䉌䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈇䈇䈋䇮䈩䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䊐䉤䊷䉪䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈩䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
䈍䈲䈚䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
3. 䈲䈇䇮䈒䉎䉁䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈒䉎䉁䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯 䊋䉴䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
4. 䉴䊷䊌䊷䈮 䈒䉎䉁䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
䉴䊷䊌䊷䈮 䈛䈪䉖䈚䉆䈪 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
5. ৻䈰䉖䈮 ੑ䈎䈇䈓䉌䈇䇮䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
৻䈰䉖䈮 ੖䈎䈇䈓䉌䈇䇮䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
6. ৻䈮䈤䈮 ੑ䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
৻䈮䈤䈮 ਃච䈺䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
7. 䈒䉎䉁䈪 ੑච䈺䉖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈒䉎䉁䈪 ৻䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
8. 䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱 䈾䉖䈲 ਃච䊄䊦䈪䈚䈢䇯
䈮䈾䉖䈗䈱 䈾䉖䈲 ਃජ੖⊖䈋䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
Practice (sample answers)
1. 䈇䈦䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䈮 䈮䈎䈇䇮䈾䉖䉕 䉋䉂䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈇䈤䈰䉖䈮 䈇䈦䈎䈇䇮䈩䈏䉂䉕 䈎䈐䉁䈜䇯
3. 䈇䈤䈮䈤䈮 䈲䈤䈛䈎䉖䇮䈰䉁䈜䇯
I read a book twice a week.
I write a letter once a year.
I sleep eight hours a day.
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‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġĴġ
Fill in the kanji
1. 䈍㊄䈏 ੖ජਃ⊖䈋䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There is five thousand three hundred yen.
2. ౐᦬৾ᣣ䈮 ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
I will leave for Japan on June 7th.
3. Ἣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈲 ྾䈛䈎䉌 䈚䈗䈫䈪䈜䇯
On Tuesdays, my work is from four o’clock.
4. 䈅䈠䈖䈮 ᧁ䈏 ੑච䉀䉖䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are twenty trees over there.
5. ᳓䉕 ྾䈧䈫 䊜䊆䊠䊷䉕 䈍䈰䈏䈇䈚䉁䈜䇯
Please give me four waters and a menu.
6. 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᦬䉋䈉ᣣ䈲 චᣣ䈪䈜䇯
Next Monday is the 10th.
Reading comprehension translation
㽲 My name is Yoshie.
㽳㩷 My mom’s name is Shizuka.
㽴㩷 The meaning of “shizuka” in English is “quiet”.
㽵㩷 But my mom is very loud.
㽶㩷 She is loud from morning till night.
㽷㩷 Listen everyone.
㽸 For example, this is our conversation in the morning:
Mom:
Yoshie:
Mom:
Yoshie:
Mom:
Yoshie:
Mom:
Wake up, Yoshie! It’s already eight o’clock.
Huh? Is it eight already? I’ll be late for work!
Eat breakfast, okay?
I don’t have time, so I’ll go now. I’ll eat this apple in the car.
No, no, please drink milk too!
Okay, okay. I’m leaving.
See you later.
Reading comprehension questions
1. What is Yoshie’s mom’s name?
䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈱 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈱 䈭䉁䈋䈲䇮䇸䈚䈝䈎䇹䈪䈜䇯
2. What does “shizuka” mean in English?
䇸䈚䈝䈎䇹䈱 䈇䉂䈲 ”quiet” 䈪䈜䇯
3. Is Yoshie’s mom quiet?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉋䈚䈋䈘䉖䈱 䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲 䈚䈝䈎䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯 䈫䈩䉅 䈉䉎䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
4. What time did Yoshie wake up?
౎䈛䈮 䈍䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
the appendices – answer key
5䋮 What kind of breakfast did Yoshie eat?
䉍䉖䈗䉕 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢䇯
6䋮 Where did she eat her breakfast?
䈒䉎䉁䈱 䈭䈎䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈚䈢䇯
7䋮 What did she drink?
䊚䊦䉪䉕 䈱䉂䉁䈚䈢䇯
8. What does ittekimasu mean in English?
䇸䈇䈦䈩䈐䉁䈜䇹䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈪 “I am leaving (and come back)” 䈪䈜䇯
9. What does itterasshai mean in English?
䇸䈇䈦䈩䉌䈦䈚䉆䈇䇹䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈪 “Go and come back safely” 䈪䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈎䈋䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䋯䉅䈬䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䉝䊜䊥䉦䈮 䈖䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
2. 䈠䈖䈪 䈎䈇䉅䈱(䉕)䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈠䈖䈪 䈢䈼䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈅䈠䈖䈪 䈢䈼䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈅䈠䈖䈪 䈢䈼䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
3. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕
ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕
ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕
ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕
䉋䉖䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈎䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈐䈇䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈐䈎䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
4. 䈖䈱 CD 䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈖䈱䈛䈚䉊䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈠䈱䈙䈦䈚䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈠䈱䈙䈦䈚䉕 䈎䉒䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Practice (sample answers)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
䈅䉖䉁䉍 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈱䉁䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
᳓䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈢䈼䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈍䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮 䈍䈒䉏䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䉟䊮䉺䊷䊈䉾䊃䈪 䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Translation
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈪 䈚䈧䉅䉖䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
2. 䈅䈱䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䈮 䈇䈎䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
3. 䈖䈱䉉䈶䉒䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
4. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈉䉌䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
5. ੖䈛䈮 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈇䈋䈮 䈐䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
6. ᳓䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䉪䊤䉴䈮 䈖䈭䈇䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
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7. 䈖䈱ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈱 䈚䉖䈹䉖䉕 䉋䉖䈪䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
8. 䉅䈉 䈰䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġĵ
Fill in the kanji
1. ᧁ䈱ਅ䈮 䈵䈫䈏 ච䈮䉖 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There are ten people under the tree.
2. ච৻᦬ਃᣣ䈲 ભ䉂䈪䈜䇯
November 3rd is a holiday.
3. ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈲 චੑ䈛䈮 䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䉎䇯
On Saturdays, I eat lunch at 12:00 o’clock.
4. 䊁䊷䊑䊦䈱 ਄䈮 䈎䉂䈏 ྾ච䉁䈇䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are forty sheets of paper on the table.
5. Ꮐ䈮 䈇䈜䈏 ౐䈧䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are six chairs on my left.
6. ਄ਅᏀฝ䉕 䉋䈒 䉂䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Please look every direction carefully.
7. 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 ભ䉁䈭䈇䈪ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Please don’t take a day off on Friday of next week.
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳㩷
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
㽹㩷
㽺㩷
㽻㩷
㽼
I am going to Ken Mikami’s concert with my friend today.
I love Ken Mikami’s songs.
I want all of his CDs.
Because Ken Mikami has lots of fans, I bought tickets three months ago.
The ticket was 5,800 yen.
My friend said it is expensive, but I don’t think it is expensive.
The concert starts at nine o’clock.
We will wait in front of the concert hall starting at eight.
It takes an hour from my friend’s house to the concert hall.
My friend said she will stay home until six fifty.
I am going by my friend’s car.
Reading comprehension questions
1. Where will the speaker go today?
ਃ਄䈔䉖䈱 䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
2. Why is she going to Ken Mikami’s concert?
ਃ਄䈔䉖䈱 䈉䈢䈏 䈣䈇䈜䈐䈣䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
3. When did she buy the tickets?
ਃ䈎᦬䉁䈋䈮 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. How much was the ticket?
੖ජ౎⊖䈋䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
the appendices – answer key
5. Who said, “The ticket is expensive”?
䉒䈚䉆䈱 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈏 䍀䉼䉬䉾䊃䈲䈢䈎䈇䍁䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
6. Did the speaker think the ticket was expensive?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈍䉅䈇䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
7. What time does the concert begin?
਻䈛䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
8. What does the speaker do between eight and nine o’clock?
䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈪 䉁䈤䉁䈜䇯
9. How long does it take from the friend’s house to the hall?
䈒䉎䉁䈪 ৻䈛䈎䉖䇮䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
10. Until what time does the friend stay home?
౐䈛੖ච䈺䉖䉁䈪 䈇䉁䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. 䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䉕 䈉䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䈖䈱䈾䉖䉕 䉋䉃䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䈗䈗චੑ䈛䉁䈪 䈰䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䈋䈇䈏䉕 䉂䈭䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈅䈘䈦䈩䇮䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮 䈇䈎䈭䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. 䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈏
䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈏
䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈏
䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈏
䉁䉍䈖䈘䉖䈏
3. 䈭䈮䉅
䈭䈮䉅
䈭䈮䉅
䈭䈮䉅
䈭䈮䉅
䈤䉈䈉䈗䈒䈮 䈇䈒䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈱䉖䈣䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇 䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈎䈦䈢䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈠䈱䉂䈞䈪 䈎䈇䉅䈱䈜䉎䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈾䉖䉕 䈎䈇䈢䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈎䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
䈢䈼䉁䈞䉖䇯
䈚䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
䉋䉂䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
䈐䈐䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
Translation (sample answers)
1. I think my Japanese class is difficult.
ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈱 䉪䊤䉴䈲 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. I think Mt. Fuji is pretty.
䈸䈛䈘䉖䈲 䈐䉏䈇䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. I think sushi is not delicious.
䈍䈜䈚䈲 䈍䈇䈚䈒䈭䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
4. I think I will go to the park this Saturday.
䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈖䈉䈋䉖䈮 䈇䈒䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. I think I won’t study Japanese this Sunday.
䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈭䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
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6. I think my mom likes my boyfriend.
䈲䈲䈲 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈎䉏䈏 䈜䈐䈣䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
7. I heard my teacher dislikes fish.
䈞䉖䈞䈇䈲 䈘䈎䈭䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈣䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
8. I heard there are lots of hot springs in Japan.
ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈏 䈅䉎䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġĶġ
Fill in the kanji
1. 䈅䈚䈢䇮ᄢ䈏䈒䈪 ਃ䈧 䉪䊤䉴䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
I have three classes at college tomorrow.
2. 䈻䉇䈱ਛ䈮 ዊ䈘䈇䊁䊷䊑䊦䈏 ੑ䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are two small tables in a room.
3. ᄢ䈐䈇䉍䉖䈗䈲 ౐⊖౞䈪䈜䇯
A big apple is six hundred yen.
4. 䈅䈱䈍䉖䈭䈱ੱ䈲 ਃච䈘䈇䈣䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
I heard that lady over there is thirty years old.
5. 䈇䈧䉅 䉡䉟䊮䉪䈲 ฝ⋡䈪 䈚䉁䈜䇯
I always wink with my right eye.
6. 䈖䈱䉪䊤䉴䈮 ੱ䈏 ੑච੖ੱ 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There are twenty five people in this class.
7. 䈇䉁䈲 䈚䈗䈫ਛ䈣䈎䉌䇮੖䈛䈮 䈅䈇䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
I am in the middle of work right now, let’s meet at five o’clock.
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳㩷
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
㽹㩷
㽺㩷
㽻㩷
㽼㩷
㽽
On the 20th of next month, Mr. Sato will take a trip with his family.
He (dad) asked everyone in his family, “where would you like (to go)?”.
Mom answered, “A hot spring would be good. Let’s all eat something delicious.”
Older sister said, “Disneyland is better than a hot spring.
Younger brother, Jun, thinks Disneyland would be better too.
Dad said to the kids, “Since mom is always cleaning, cooking, and doing laundry, (going to)
a hot spring would be better than Disneyland.”
In the end, we went to a hot spring resort.
In Japanese hot springs, there are men’s baths and women’s baths.
There is also “mixed bathing” (men and women)
Japanese people love hot springs.
The meals at hot springs are Japanese-style.
The kids thought the hot spring resort was better than the a hotel.
.
the appendices – answer key
Reading comprehension questions
1. When will Mr. Sato’s family take a trip?
䉌䈇᦬䈱 ੑචᣣ䈮 䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
2. What did the mom say would be good?
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈲 䇸䈍䉖䈞䉖䈏 䈇䈇䉋䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. What did the older sister say would be good?
䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈲 䇸䈍䉖䈞䉖䉋䉍 䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䈱䈾䈉䈏䈇䈇䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. Why did the dad say that a hot spring is good?
䈍䈎䈅䈘䉖䈏 䈇䈧䉅 䈇䈋䈱 䈠䈉䈛䈫 䉍䉊䈉䉍䈫 䈞䉖䈢䈒䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉎䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
5. Where did everyone go after all?
䈍䉖䈞䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
6. Which one did the kids like, a hotel or a hot spring?
䊖䊁䊦䉋䉍 䈍䉖䈞䉖䈱䈾䈉䈏 䉋䈎䈦䈢䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
Practice 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
䈰䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䊏䉱䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䉴䊷䊒䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈍䈐䉆䈒䈘䉖䉕 䉁䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈾䉖䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
Practice 2 (sample answers)
1.
2.
3.
4.
䉬䊷䉨䉋䉍 䉝䉟䉴䉪䊥䊷䊛䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷䉋䉍 䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈲䉇䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊏䉝䉴䉋䉍 䉉䈶䉒䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈢䈎䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉍䉖䈗䉋䉍 䈹䈬䈉䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈅䉁䈇䈪䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䊤䉳䉥䉕 䈐䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䊪䉟䊮䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
䊪䉟䊮䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
2. 䈩䈏䉂䉕 䈎䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䉍䉊䈖䈉䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
3. 䈘䈚䉂䉋䉍 䈜䈚䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䉼䊢䉮䊧䊷䊃䉋䉍 䉝䉟䉴䉪䊥䊷䊛䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䈠䈉䈛䉋䉍 䈞䉖䈢䈒䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䉳䊠䊷䉴䉋䉍 ᳓䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
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Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈲䈇䇮䉂䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉂䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
2. 䈲䈇䇮䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
3. 䈲䈇䇮䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈚䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
4. 䉒䈢䈚䈱䈻䉇䈲䇮䈅䈎䉎䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈒䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
5. 䈲䈇䇮䉮䊷䊤䉋䉍 䉳䊠䊷䉴䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䉍䉊䈉䈾䈉 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
6. 䈲䈇䇮䈍䉖䈞䉖䉋䉍 䊖䊁䊦䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䊖䊁䊦䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
7. 䈠䈉䈛䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈢䈱䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈞䉖䈢䈒䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈢䈱䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
8. 䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊙䉳䉾䉪䊙䉡䊮䊁䊮䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈍䉅䈚䉐䈇䈪䈜䇯
9. 䉦䉺䉦䊅䈱䈾䈉䈏 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉍䉊䈉䈾䈉䇮䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
10. 䈋䈇䈏䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯䈋䈇䈏䈲 䈐䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
11. 䈮䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱䈾䈉䉕 䉋䈒 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
ਛ䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍䉕 䉋䈒 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
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Fill in the kanji
1. 䉒䈢䈚䈱ᚻ䈫 ⿷䈲 ᄢ䈐䈇䈪䈜䇯
My hands and feet are big.
2. 䈅䈱䈇䉍ญ䈱䉁䈋䈮 ੱ䈏 ྾ੱ 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There are four people in front of that entrance over there.
3. 䈎䉌ᚻ䈱 䉪䊤䉴䈲 ᳓䉋䈉ᣣ䈪䈜䇯
The karate class is on Wednesdays.
4. ฝ⿷䈏 䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯 ജ䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
My right leg hurts. It doesn’t have any strength.
5. 䉒䈢䈚䈱䈇䈯䈲 ⡊䈏 ዊ䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
My dog has small ears.
6. Ꮐ䈱䊜䊨䊮䈲 ਃජ౞䈪䈜䇯
The melon to your left is three thousand yen.
the appendices – answer key
ġ
7. 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈱ੱญ䈲 ජੑ⊖䉁䉖ੱ䈓䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
The population of Tokyo is about twelve million.
ġ ġ
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳㩷
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
㽹㩷
㽺㩷
㽻㩷
㽼㩷
㽽
㽾
㽿
Akira and Johnson are friend's since elementary school.
The two of them met six years ago in America.
Akira was visiting his older sister’s home on summer vacation.
Akira's older sister is married to an American.
Johnson lived next to his sister’s house.
There was a brown dog and a very cute turtle at Johnson's house.
Since Akira really liked animals, he often played at Jonson's house.
Both of them are high school students now.
Johnson is currently homestaying at Akira's house in Japan for about one month.
There are also three animals at Akira's house.
They are two rabbits and a pig.
There is a petshop next to their school.
That petshop sells various interesting animals.
Akira works there part time.
Reading comprehension questions
1. Where did they meet?
䉝䊜䊥䉦䈪 䈅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. What kind of pets did Johnson have?
䈤䉆䈇䉐䈇䈇䈯䈫 䈫䈩䉅䈎䉒䈇䈇䈎䉄䈏 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. Why did Akira often play in Johnson’s house?
䈅䈐䉌䈒䉖䈲䇮䈬䈉䈹䈧䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈣䈦䈢䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
4. How long has Johnson been staying in Japan?
৻䈎᦬䈓䉌䈇䇮䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. Akira has been working part time at a pet shop. Where is it?
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 ฝ䉋䈖䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈎䉏䋯䈎䈱䈛䉊䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈐䈱䈉䇮䈎䉏䋯䈎䈱䈛䉊䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈅䈚䈢䇮䈎䉏䋯䈎䈱䈛䉊䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈎䉏䋯䈎䈱䈛䉊䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈣䉏䈫 䈅䈇䉁䈜䈎䇯
2. 䉍䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲
䉍䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲
䉍䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲
䉍䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲
䉍䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲
ዊ䈏䈦䈖䈉 ౐䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯
ਛ䈏䈦䈖䈉 ੑ䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈖䈉䈖䈉 ৻䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯
ዊ䈏䈦䈖䈉 ৻䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈭䉖䈰䉖䈞䈇䈪䈜䈎䇯
3. 䈲䉎ભ䉂䈮 ᣣ䈾䉖䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈸䉉ભ䉂䈮 ᣣ䈾䉖䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈸䉉ભ䉂䈮 䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈸䉉ભ䉂䈮 ᄢ䈘䈎䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈇䈧䇮ᄢ䈘䈎䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䈎䇯
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Particles
1. 䊨䉰䊮䉷䊦䉴䈎䉌㩷 ᣣ䈾䉖䉁䈪㩷 䈵䈖䈉䈐䈪㩷 ච䈛䈎䉖䈓䉌䈇㩷 䈎䈎䉍䉁䈜䇯
2. ㊄䉋䈉䈶䈮㩷 䈅䈱䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䈪㩷 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈮䋯䈫㩷 䈅䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. 䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䊐䊤䊮䉴䈮㩷 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䉁䈇ᣣ䇮౐䈛䈮㩷 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈮㩷 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯
5. ᣣ䈾䉖䈱㩷 䊎䊷䊦䈲㩷 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱㩷 䊎䊷䊦䈫㩷 䈤䈏䈇䉁䈜䇯
6. 䈢䈭䈼䈘䉖䈱㩷 䈒䉎䉁䈲 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈫㩷 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
7. 䊔䉾䊄䈱㩷 ਄䈮㩷 䈙䈦䈚䈏㩷 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
8. 䈇䈯䉋䉍㩷 䈰䈖䈱䈾䈉䈏㩷 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
9. 䉌䈇䈚䉈䈉䈱㩷 ᦬䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈋䈇䈏䉕㩷 䉂䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
10. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈱㩷 䈛䈚䉊䈏㩷 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
Adjectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(heavy)
(loud)
(new)
(bright)
(hot)
(far)
(interesting)
䈎䉎䈇㩷
䈍䈫䈭䈚䈇
䈸䉎䈇
䈒䉌䈇
䈘䉃䈇
䈤䈎䈇
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
(light)
(quiet)
(old)
(dark)
(cold)
(near)
(boring)
Practice
1. 䈢䈎䈒䈩䇮䈎䉎䈇 䈔䈇䈢䈇䈪䉖䉒
2. 䈚䉐䈒䈩䇮ዊ䈘䈇 䈰䈖
3. 䈎䉒䈇䈒䈩䇮䈍䉅䈇 䈤䉊䈐䉖䈳䈖
4. 䉇䈜䈒䈩䇮䈅䈍䈇 䈔䈇䈘䉖䈐
5. 䈇䈢䈒䈩䇮䈖䉒䈇 䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġĸġ
Fill in the kanji
1. 䉇䉁ญ䈘䉖䈱ሶ䈬䉅䈲 ዊ䈘䈒䈩䇮䈎䉒䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯
Mr. Yamaguchi’s kids are small and cute.
2. 䉉䈎䈤䉆䉖䈲 ዊ䈏䈦䈖䈉 ੖䈰䉖↢ 䈪䈜䇯
Yuka is in fifth grade.
3. 䈅䈱ᅚ䈱ੱ䈲 䈐䉏䈇䈣䈎䉌 ⋡┙䈤䉁䈜䇯
That lady over there is pretty, so she stands out.
4. 䈞䉖↢䈏 䈧䈒䈋䈱਄䈪 ┙䈢䈭䈇䈪䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
A teacher said, “Don’t stand on your desk”.
5. ᄢ䈏䈒↢䈲 ౐᦬䈎䉌 䈭䈧ભ䉂䈪䈜䇯
College students have summer vacation starting in June.
the appendices – answer key
6. 䈅䈱ਛ䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲 ᄢ䈐䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
That middle school over there is big, isn’t it?
7. 䈋䈐䈱䈪ญ䈪 ↵䈱ੱ䈏 ┙䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
There is a man standing at the exit of the station.
Reading comprehension translation
䋨Tongue Twister䋩
In the backyard there are two, in the front yard there are two, there are chickens.
㽲
㽳
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
㽹㩷
This is a Japanese tongue twister.
The uraniwa means "backyard".
The niwa in this tongue twister has two meanings.
The first one is a "front yard".
The second one is the number of chickens.
A long time ago, the majority of Japanese homes raised chickens.
In the yard (niwa) of Japanese houses, there were these birds (tori)
Therefore, the name of these birds became "niwatori".
Reading comprehension questions
1. How do you call hayakuchi kotoba in English?
䈲䉇䈒䈤䈖䈫䈳䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈪 tongue twister 䈪䈜䇯
2. What is the meaning of uraniwa?
䈉䉌䈮䉒䈱 䈇䉂䈲 backyard 䈪䈜䇯
3. How many meanings does the niwa in this tongue twister have?
ੑ䈧䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
4. What does the first niwa mean?
৻䈧⋡䈱 䈇䉂䈲 䈇䈋䈱 䉁䈋䈱 䈮䉒䈪䈜䇯
5. What does the second niwa mean?
ੑ䈧⋡䈱 䈇䉂䈲 䈮䉒䈫䉍䈱 䈎䈝䈪䈜䇯
6. What did most Japanese homes raise a long time ago?
䉃䈎䈚䇮䈮䈾䉖䈱 䈾䈫䉖䈬䈱 䈇䈋䈪䈲 䈮䉒䈫䉍䉕 䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
7. Why did the name of this bird become niwatori?
䈮䉒䈪 䈎䈦䈩䈇䈢䈎䉌䇮䈮䉒䈫䉍䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
Counters
1. 䈘䉖䉒
2. 䈮䈳䉖
3. 䉋䉖䈵䈐
4. 䉋䈮䉖
5. 䈧䈇䈢䈤
6. 䉋䈛
7. 䈘䉖䈏䈧
8. 䈇䈦䉀䉖
(three birds or rabbits)
(number two)
(four small animals)
(four people)
(first of the month)
(four o’clock)
(March)
(one long object)
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Short dialogue translation
Judge 1: Which dog do you think is good?
Judge 2: Let’s see… I think the first dog is good, since the size is just right and he is also
popular.
Judge 1: I think the third dog is going to become a star because he is small and cute.
Judge 1: How about the fourth dog?
Judge 2: Umm…he was popular a long time ago, but he is a little too old for current movies.
Judge 1: I see. Well then, let’s decide between the first and the second one.
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈲䈇䇮䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯䈇䈯䉕 ੑ䈵䈐䇮䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈎䈦䈩䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
2. 䈲䈇䇮ሶ䈇䈯䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯䈪䉅䇮ሶ䈰䈖䈲 䈾䈚䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈲䈇䇮ሶ䈇䈯䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯ሶ䈰䈖䉅 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. 䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮䈱䈾䈉䈏 䈍䈇䈚䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈬䈦䈤䉅 䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
4. 䈐䉊䈉䈣䈇䈲 ਃੱ䈪䈜䇯䉒䈢䈚䈲 ੑ䈳䉖⋡䈪䈜䇯
䈐䉊䈉䈣䈇䈲 䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
5. 䈲䈇䇮䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉃䈝䈎䈚䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
Translation
1. ਃ䈿䉖⋡䈱 䊎䊷䊦䉕 䈱䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. ੑ䈧⋡䋨ੑ䈖⋡䋩䈱 䊊䊮䊋䊷䉧䊷䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. ਃ䈧⋡䈱 䈇䈋䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈜䇯
4. ྾䈣䈇⋡䈱 䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈉䉍䉁䈜䇯
5. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 ੖䈵䈐⋡䈱 䈇䈯䈱 䈭䉁䈋䈲 䈢䉐䈉䈪䈜䇯
6. ੑ䈖⋡䋨ੑ䈧⋡䋩䈱 䉬䊷䉨䉕 䈢䈼䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
7. Ꮐ䈎䉌 ৾䈳䉖⋡䋨৾䉒⋡䋩䈱 䈫䉍䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġĹġ
Fill in the kanji
1. ᄤ᳇䈏 䈇䈇䈪䈜䇯ጊ䈮 䊊䉟䉨䊮䉫䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
The weather is good. Let’s go hiking in the mountains.
2. 㔎䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈸䈦䈢䈎䉌䇮Ꮉ䈱᳓䈏 䈍䈍䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
Because it rained a lot, there is a lot of water in the river.
3. ⓨ᳇䈏 䈇䈇䈎䉌䇮ᄤ䈱Ꮉ䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈪䈜䇯
Because the air is clean, the Milky Way is pretty.
4. ฝ䈎䉌 ੑ䈧⋡䈱 ጊ䈏 䈸䈛ጊ䈪䈜䇯
The second one from the right is Mt. Fuji.
5. ᦬䉋䈉ᣣ䈲 䈇䈧䉅 䈕䉖᳇䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
I am always not in high spirits on Mondays.
6. ⓨ䈮 䈾䈚䈏 ੖䈧䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are five stars in the sky.
the appendices – answer key
7. ౐ੱ䈱 ሶ䈬䉅䈫 Ꮉ䈪 䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I went on a picnic by the river with six kids.
ġ
Reading comprehension translation
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
Aiko Sato lives in Osaka.
This year, she became twenty-five years old.
Aiko is a music teacher.
Aiko has fifteen students.
She has students from three years old to six years old.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Her school is in Kobe.
It takes about twenty minutes by train.
Morning classes start from nine o'clock, so she gets up two hours before that.
Those classes end at eleven.
She always eats her lunch at an Italian restaurant in front of school.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
This restaurant is very cheap.
Afternoon classes start at one.
They end at four.
There are four classes in a day.
She returns to her home around five thirty.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Mostly she eats dinner at home.
Aiko's family is mother, father and younger sister.
Her younger sister is still a high school student.
Her younger sister has a part time job at a pharmacy from Thursday to Saturday.
Her father is a salary man.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Her mother has a job too.
Aiko doesn't have classes on Saturday and Sunday.
She sleeps until ten in the morning on her days off.
Every family member has a day off on Sunday.
Once a month, they play tennis at a park on Sunday.
Reading comprehension questions
1. Where does Aiko Sato live?
ᄢ䈘䈎䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. How old is Aiko?
䈖䈫䈚 ੑච੖䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. What is Aiko’s job?
䈍䉖䈏䈒䈱 䈞䉖↢䈪䈜䇯
4. How many students does Aiko have?
ච੖ੱ䇮䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. About how old are her students?
ਃ䈘䈇䈎䉌 ౐䈘䈇䉁䈪䈪䈜䇯
6. Where is Aiko’s school?
䈖䈉䈼䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
7. What time does her morning class start?
਻䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
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8. Where does she always eat lunch?
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈱 䉁䈋䈱 䉟䉺䊥䉝䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱 䉂䈞䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
9. What time does her afternoon class start?
৻䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
10. How many classes a day does she have?
৻ᣣ䈮 ྾䈎䈇䇮䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
11. What time does she go home?
੖䈛䈲䉖䈗䉐䇮䈎䈋䉍䉁䈜䇯
12. Where does she eat dinner?
䈾䈫䉖䈬 䈇䈋䈪 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
13. How many people are there in Aiko’s family?
྾ੱ䈪䈜䇯
14. What kind of part-time job does Aiko’s sister have?
䉇䈦䈐䉊䈒䈪 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
15. What does her father do?
䉰䊤䊥䊷䊙䊮䈪䈜䇯
16. What day of the week are her days off?
࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈫 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈚䈗䈫䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
17. What does Aiko’s family do on Sunday?
৻䈎᦬䈮 ৻䈎䈇䇮ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈖䈉䈋䉖䈪 䊁䊆䉴䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈱 ਻䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈱䉂䈞䈲 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈱 ਻䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈱䉂䈞䈲 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈱 ච䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈱䉂䈞䈲 ᦬䉋䈉ᣣ䈎䉌 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䉁䈪 ච䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
2. ਃ䈰䉖䉁䈋䇮䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
৾䈎᦬䉁䈋䇮䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
ਃ䈛䈎䉌䇮䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
ਃ䈛䈎䉌䇮䈛䉈䈑䉊䈉䉕 䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲
䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲
䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲
䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲
䈐䈱䈉
䈅䈚䈢
䈅䈚䈢
䈅䈚䈢
੖䈛䈮
੖䈛䈮
੖䈛䈮
੖䈛䈮
䈍䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈍䉒䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈍䉒䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈍䉒䉎䈫 䈐䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䈐䉊䈰䉖䈱 ౐᦬䈎䉌 䉮䊮䊎䊆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈐䉊䈰䉖䈱 ౐᦬䈎䉌 䈅䈱䊖䊁䊦䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈐䉊䈰䉖䈱 ౐᦬䈎䉌 䈖䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈞䉖᦬䈱 ਻ᣣ䈎䉌 䈖䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈐䉊ᐕ䇮䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
౐䈎᦬䉁䈋䈮䇮䈲䈛䉄䉁䈚䈢䇯
the appendices – answer key
2. 䈚䈗䈫䈲 ਻䈛䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈲 ౎䈛䈲䉖䈮 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
3. 䉸䊆䊷 (Sony) 䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䉦䊥䊐䉤䊦䊆䉝ᄢ䈏䈒 (University of California) 䈮 䈇䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
4. 䈖䈱䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈲 ਻䈛䈗䉐䇮䈍䉒䉎䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈱䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈲 䈐䉊䈉䇮䈍䉒䉌䈭䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. චੑ᦬䈗䉐䇮䈸䉉䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
౐᦬䈗䉐䇮䈭䈧䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
6. 䈖䈫䈚䇮䈲䈢䈤䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈫䈚䇮ਃචੑ䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġĺġ
Fill in the kanji
1. ᫪䉇 ᨋ䈱 ਛ䈲 䈅䈧䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
It isn’t hot in the forests and woods.
2. 䈅䈠䈖䈮 ᄢ䈐䈇⍹䈏 ౐䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are six big stones over there.
3. ዊ䈘䈇⯻䈏 䈧䈒䈋䈱ਅ䈮 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There is a small bug under the desk.
4. ᣣ䈾䉖䈱 ሶ䈬䉅䈲 ⧎Ἣ䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
Japanese kids love fire works.
5. 䈖䈱↸䈮 ੑජਃ䈰䉖䈎䉌 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
I have lived in this town since 2003.
6. ሶ›䈏 ච䈷䈐 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There are ten puppies.
7. 䉒䈢䈚䈱›䈲 ⋡䈏 䈅䈍䈒䈩䇮⡊䈏 䉫䊧䊷䈪䈜䇯
My dog has blue eyes and gray ears.
ġ
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳㩷
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
㽹㩷
㽺㩷
㽻
㽼
㽽
㽾
㽿
Tomorrow is my birthday.
I will be twenty one years old.
My birthday party starts from two at my grandmother's house.
I think thirty people will probably come.
My best friend Takako said she won’t come to the party because her work ends at five.
That's too bad.
I would like to watch Tom Cruise's new movie after the party.
I am a big fan of Tom Cruise.
After the party
The party was very fun.
Takako didn't come, but I am going to go shopping with her tomorrow at four.
Takako said she wants to buy some cosmetics.
I don’t want to buy anything.
But I want to show my birthday gifts to Takako.
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Reading comprehension questions
1. When is the speaker’s birthday?
䈅䈚䈢䈪䈜䇯
2. How old will she be tomorrow?
ੑච৻䈘䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
3. Where will they have her birthday party?
䈍䈳䈅䈘䉖䈱 䈇䈋䈪 䈚䉁䈜䇯
4. What time does the birthday party begin?
ੑ䈛䈎䉌 䈲䈛䉁䉍䉁䈜䇯
5. What is the name of the speaker’s best friend?
䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈪䈜䇯
6. Will Takako come to the party tomorrow?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯
7. Why is that?
䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈲 䈚䈗䈫䈏 ੖䈛䈮 䈍䉒䉎䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
8. What do you think the speaker will do after the party?
䊃䊛䊶䉪䊦䊷䉵䈱 䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈋䈇䈏䈏 ⷗䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
9. On the day after the party, with whom will the speaker go shopping?
䈢䈎ሶ䈘䉖䈫 䈇䈦䈚䉊䈮 䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
10. What does Takako want?
䈔䈚䉊䈉䈵䉖䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
ġ
11. What does the speaker want to buy?
䈭䈮䉅 䈎䈇䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
Verb conjugation review
English
Dictionary Form
䈭䈇 form
䈢䈇 form
1
to do your best
䈏䉖䈳䉎
䈏䉖䈳䉌䈭䈇
䈏䉖䈳䉍䈢䈇
2
to work
䈲䈢䉌䈒
䈲䈢䉌䈎䈭䈇
䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇
3
to shop
䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕䈜䉎
䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕䈚䈭䈇
䈎䈇䉅䈱䉕䈚䈢䈇
4
to pay
䈲䉌䈉
䈲䉌䉒䈭䈇
䈲䉌䈇䈢䈇
5
to answer
䈖䈢䈋䉎
䈖䈢䈋䈭䈇
䈖䈢䈋䈢䈇
the appendices – answer key
6
to meet
䈅䈉
䈅䉒䈭䈇
䈅䈇䈢䈇
7
to play
䈅䈠䈹
䈅䈠䈳䈭䈇
䈅䈠䈶䈢䈇
8
to live
䈜䉃
䈜䉁䈭䈇
䈜䉂䈢䈇
9
to show
䉂䈞䉎
䉂䈞䈭䈇
䉂䈞䈢䈇
10
to smoke
䈜䈉
䈜䉒䈭䈇
䈜䈇䈢䈇
11
to raise an animal
䈎䈉
䈎䉒䈭䈇
䈎䈇䈢䈇
12
to begin (active)
䈲䈛䉄䉎
䈲䈛䉄䈭䈇
䈲䈛䉄䈢䈇
Substitution drill
1. 䉺䊋䉮䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䈱 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
ᣣ䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
ᣣ䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. 䈖䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈲
䈖䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈲
䈖䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈲
䈖䈱䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈲
ජ੖⊖䊄䊦䈇ਅ䈪䈜䇯
৻䉁䉖䊄䊦䈇਄䈪䈜䇯
ਃ䉁䉖䊄䊦䈇ਅ䈪䈜䇯
ਃජ䊄䊦䈇਄䈪䈜䇯
3. 䊤䉾䊒䈏 䈐䉌䈇䈭䈱䋿
䈅䈱䉂䈞䈏 䈜䈐䈭䈱䋿
䈅䈚䈢䈲 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈭䈱䋿
䈐䉊䈉䈲 ੖ᣣ䈭䈱䋿
4. 䉍䉖䈗䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊏䉝䉴䈏 䈎䈇䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉴䊕䉟䊮䈗䈏㩷 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈞䉖↢䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
ġ
Translation
1. 䈖䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
2. ᣣ䈾䉖䈪 䈜䈐䉇䈐䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. 䊤䉾䊒䉕 䈐䈐䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
4. 䈐䈱䈉䇮䈒䈜䉍䉕 䈱䉂䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
5. 䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈋䈇䈏䉕 䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
6. ᣣ䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱 䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䈪 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䈏 䈚䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
7. 䈇䈯䉕 䈎䈇䈢䈒䈭䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
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Short dialogue translation
Tanaka
Yamada
Tanaka
Yamada
Tanaka
Yamada
Tanaka
Mr. Yamada, you are smoking cigarettes again, aren’t you?
Yes. It is becoming my habit lately.
How many cigarettes have you smoked today?
Maybe this is the fifteenth one. I always smoke more than twenty cigarettes (a day).
I see. I don’t smoke at all.
Why?
Since I heard that you are going to get cancer (if you smoke),
I came to dislike cigarettes.
Yamada I see…well then, do you think I will be okay if I smoke less than ten cigarettes?
Tanaka No good! Let’s stop smoking!
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈋䈇䈏䈏 䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈖䉖䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᣣ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈇䈋䈪 䈰䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
2. 䈇䈇䈋䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈲䈇䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. 䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䈲 䈜䈐䉇䈐䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈳䉖䈗䈲䉖䈲 䊊䊮䊋䊷䉧䊷䈫 䊘䊁䊃䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
4. 䈎䉖䈖䈉䈏 䈚䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈍䈜䈚䈏 䈢䈼䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
5. 䈇䈇䈋䇮䈟䉖䈟䉖 䈜䈇䉁䈞䉖䇯
䈲䈇䇮䈜䈇䉁䈜䇯ච䉀䉖䈇䈛䉊䈉䇮䈜䈇䉁䈜䇯
6. 䊨䊙䊮䉼䉾䉪䊶䉮䊜䊂䉞䊷䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉝䉪䉲䊢䊮䈋䉖䈏䈏 䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
7. ੖䈛䈎䉖䈇䈛䉊䈉䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
৻䈛䈎䉖䈇䈛䉊䈉䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġIJıġ
Fill in the kanji
1. 䈠䈱᧛䈮 ੱ䈏 ྾⊖ੱ 䈇䉁䈜䇯
There are four hundred people in that village.
2. ᣣ䈾䉖䈮䈲 ᳓↰䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are many rice paddies in Japan.
3. ጊ䈱਄䈱 ⿒䈇ᄕᣣ䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
The red sunset over the mountain is beautiful, isn’t it?
4. 㕍䈇ⓨ䈮 ⊕䈇䈒䉅䈏 ৾䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are seven white clouds in the blue sky.
5. 䈅䈱⊕ੱ䈱ᅚ䈱ሶ䈲 䈣䉏䈪䈜䈎䇯
Who is that Caucasian girl?
the appendices – answer key
303
6. ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈲 ભ䉂䈪䈜䇯 䈋䈇䈏䈏 ⷗䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
Saturday is my day off. I want to see a movie.
7. ↰䉖䈿䈱䉋䈖䈮 ⊕䈫 ⿒䈱 ⧎䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are white and red flowers by the rice paddy.
ġ
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳㩷
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
Yumiko had a lot of cavities when she was little.
She hated dentists, so she didn’t go to the dentist so much.
When she was in the fifth grade, she went to a dentist’s office in a town next to hers for the first time.
There was a very kind female assistant in the office.
The lady always said, “It’s okay”.
Yumiko began to like dentists from then.
Now she is working for a dentist.
Reading comprehension questions
1. Did Yumiko have cavities when she was little?
䈲䈇䇮䈢䈒䈘䉖 ⯻䈳䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. Did Yumiko like dentists?
䈇䈇䈋䇮ᄢ䈐䉌䈇䈪䈚䈢䇯
3. When did she go to a dentist’s office for the first time?
ዊ䈏䈦䈖䈉੖䈰䉖↢䈱䈫䈐䇮䈲䈛䉄䈩 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. Where was the dentist that she went?
䈫䈭䉍䈱 ↸䈱 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
5. What kind of assistant was there?
䈫䈩䉅 䉇䈘䈚䈇 䉝䉲䉴䉺䊮䊃䈱 䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈏 䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
6. What did the assistant always say to Yumiko?
䈇䈧䉅 䇸ᄢ䈛䉊䈉䈹䉋䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
7. Why did Yumiko become to like dentists?
䉝䉲䉴䉺䊮䊃䈱 䈍䈰䈋䈘䉖䈏 䉇䈘䈚䈎䈦䈢䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
8. Where does she work now?
䈇䉁䇮䈲䈇䈚䉆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. ›䈏 ੑ䈵䈐䈣䈔 䈇䉁䈜䇯
ᅚ䈱ሶ䈏 ਃੱ䈣䈔 䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈕䉖㊄䈏 ච䊄䊦䈣䈔 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈕䉖㊄䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮྾䈎䈇 ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䈲䈛䉄䈩 ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䈲䈛䉄䈩 䈒䉎䉁䉕 䈎䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䈲䈛䉄䈩 䉴䉨䊷䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
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3. ᣣ䈾䉖䈮 䈇䈢䈫䈐䇮䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
ሶ䈬䉅䈏 ৻䈘䈇䈮 䈭䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈚䉖䉉䈉䈏 ᣣ䈾䉖䈎䉌 䉅䈬䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䊤䉴䊔䉧䉴䈮 䈇䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮䊌䊷䊁䉞䊷䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䈛䈎䉖䈏 䈅䉎䈫䈐䇮䈪䉖䉒䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈇䈠䈏䈚䈒䈭䈇䈫䈐䇮䈪䉖䉒䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇䈫䈐䇮䈪䉖䉒䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
䈢䈱䈚䈒䈭䈇䈫䈐䇮䈪䉖䉒䈚䈩䈒䈣䈘䈇䇯
Translation
1. 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈚䈢䈫䈐䇮䈖䈱䈎䉖䈛䈏 䉒䈎䉍䉁䈞䉖䈪䈚䈢䇯
When I did the homework, I didn’t understand/know this kanji.
2. 䈍䈫䈉䈘䉖䈏 䈎䈋䈦䈢䈫䈐䇮৻䈚䉊䈮 䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䉁䈚䉊䈉䇯
When dad comes back, let’s have a meal together.
3. 䈎䉖䈛䈱 䉏䉖䈚䉈䈉䉕 䈜䉎䈫䈐䇮䈇䈧䉅 䈰䉃䈇䈪䈜䇯
When I practice kanji, I am always sleepy.
4. 䉩䊞䊮䊑䊦䉕 䈜䉎䈫䈐䇮䈍㊄䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
When I gamble, I want lots of money.
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈒䈜䉍䉕 䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
䉇䈜䉂䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈫䉅䈣䈤䈮 䈪䉖䉒䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈍䉖䈏䈒䉕 䈐䈐䉁䈜䇯
3. ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈞䉖䇯
䈏䈦䈖䈉䈏 䈇䈠䈏䈚䈇䈫䈐䉅䇮ᣣ䈾䉖䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
4. 䈲䈇䇮䈫䈩䉅 䈉䉏䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈉䉏䈚䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䈏 䈾䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
5. 䉮䊜䊂䉞䊷䉕 ⷗䈩䈇䉎䈫䈐䇮䈢䈱䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
䊁䊧䊎䈲 ⷗䉁䈞䉖䇯䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
6. 䈲䈇䇮䈇䈧䉅 䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮䉕 䈢䈼䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮䈲 䈢䈼䉁䈞䉖䇯䉸䊷䉻䉕 䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
7. 䈲䈇䇮䈇䈧䉅 䈍䉖䈏䈒䉕 䈐䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈍䉖䈏䈒䈲 䈐䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯䈪䉅䇮䈫䈐䈬䈐 䊁䊧䊎䉕 ⷗䉁䈜䇯
8. 䈲䈇䈚䉆䈘䉖䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃䈮 䈭䉍䈢䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
9. 䉋䈒 䉰䉾䉦䊷䈫 䊋䉴䉬䉾䊃䊗䊷䊦䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉴䉨䊷䈫 䉴䉬䊷䊃䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯 䈫䈐䈬䈐 䊁䊆䉴䉅 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
the appendices – answer key
305
Useful Expressions
1.
4.
7.
䈍䉇䈜䉂䈭䈘䈇
䈖䉖䈳䉖䈲
䈢䈣䈇䉁
2.
5.
8.
䈍䈲䉋䈉䈗䈙䈇䉁䈜
䈇䈢䈣䈐䉁䈜
䈇䈦䈩䈐䉁䈜
3.
6.
9.
䈖䉖䈮䈤䈲
䈗䈤䈠䈉䈘䉁䈪䈚䈢
䈍䈎䈋䉍䈭䈘䈇
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġIJIJġ
Fill in the kanji
1. వ↢䈏 ᣧญ䈖䈫䈳䉕 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
My teacher said a tongue twister.
2. 䉉䉂ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈲 ྾᦬䈮 ਛ䈏䈒↢䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
Yumiko will become a middle school student in April.
3. వ䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᧁ䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 ಴䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I turned my homework in last Thursday.
4. ᣣᧄ䈗䈱 ᢥ䈲 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䈰䇯
Japanese sentences are hard.
5. ಴ญ䈲䇮䈅䈱䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷䈱 ฝ䈮 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
An exit is on the right side of that escalator over there.
6. 䉁䈇ᣣ䇮౎䈛䈮 䈇䈋䉕 ಴䉁䈜䇯
I leave home at eight o’clock every day.
7. ᣧ䈒䇮ᄢ䈏䈒䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
I want to go to college soon.
ġ
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳㩷
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
㽷㩷
㽸㩷
Scott got transferred to Tokyo two weeks ago.
He is in his company’s dorm now.
His company sells American shoes.
His dorm room is a two-person room, so he is looking for an apartment that’s close to his work.
Today, he went to a realtor’s office.
The realtor was a nice person.
Scott studied Japanese in school in America, so he can speak Japanese.
Main Conversation Translation
Realtor: Welcome. Are you looking for a room?
Scott:
Yes, I am looking for an apartment.
Realtor: What kind of apartment is good?
Scott:
A convenient place for shopping and commuting to work would be good.
Realtor: Where is your place of work?
Scott:
It is close to Shinjuku station.
Realtor: Well… there are two. The first apartment is new and it takes 15 minutes from Shinjuku
station by train. And the second one-room apartment is old and it takes 25 minutes by
bus. The first one is a little more expensive than the second one. But it is a very quiet
place.
Scott:
Well then, I want to see the apartment.
Realtor: Okay. Let’s go now.
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Reading comprehension questions
1. How do you say tenkin in English?
䇸䈩䉖䈐䉖䇹䈲 䈋䈇䈗䈪 job transfer 䈪䈜䇯
2. When did Scott get transferred to Tokyo?
ੑ䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖䉁䈋䈮䇮䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. Where does he live now?
䈇䉁䇮䈎䈇䈚䉆䈱 䉍䉊䈉䈮 䈜䉖䈪䈇䉁䈜䇯
4. What kind of company is Scott’s company?
䉴䉮䉾䊃䈘䉖䈱 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈲 䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱 䈒䈧䉕 䈉䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. Does Scott have a roommate?
䈲䈇䇮䈇䉁䈜䇯
6. Does Scott want to stay in his dorm?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈇䈢䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
7. Why?
䉍䉊䈉䈱 䈻䉇䈲 ੑੱ䈼䉇䈣䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
8. Then where does he want to live?
䈚䉊䈒䈳䈮 䈤䈎䈇 䉝䊌䊷䊃䈮 䈜䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
9. Where did he go today?
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
10. What kind of person was the realtor?
䈚䉖䈞䈧䈭ੱ䈪䈚䈢䇯
ġ
11. Can Scott speak Japanese?
䈲䈇䇮䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
12. Why can he speak Japanese?
䉝䊜䊥䉦䈱 䈏䈦䈖䈉䈪 ᣣᧄ䈗䉕 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈢䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. ↰ਛ䈘䉖䈲
↰ਛ䈘䉖䈲
↰ਛ䈘䉖䈲
↰ਛ䈘䉖䈲
䈚䉖䈞䈧䈭ੱ䈪䈜䇯
䈸䈒䈙䈧䈭ੱ䈪䈜䇯
䈇䉇䈭ੱ䈪䈜䇯
䈐䉏䈇䈭ੱ䈪䈜䇯
2. 䊐䊤䊮䉴䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
䊐䊤䊮䉴䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈞䉖䇯
䉴䊕䉟䊮䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈞䉖䇯
ਛ䈗䈒䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈞䉖䇯
3. ᄢ䈐䈇 䉏䈇䈡䈉䈖䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈼䉖䉍䈭 䈛䈚䉊䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈎䉖䈢䉖䈭 ᣣᧄ䈗䈱 ᧄ䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈚䈝䈎䈭 䈫䈖䉐䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
the appendices – answer key
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġIJijġ
Fill in the kanji
1. ᣣᧄ䈱 ᄢቇ↢䈲 䉋䈒 䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
Japanese college students often work part-time.
2. ᱜ䈚䈇䈎䉖ሼ䉕 䈎䈇䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Please write correct kanji.
3. 䈖䈱↸䈮 ਛቇᩞ䈏 ਻䈧 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
There are nine middle schools in this town.
4. 䈠䈱⊕䈇⧎䈱ฬ䉁䈋䉕 䈍䈚䈋䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇯
Please tell me the name of that white flower.
5. ጊ↰䈘䉖䈲 ৾ᐕ䉁䈋䇮䈖䈱᧛䈮 䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
Mr. Yamada came to this village seven years ago.
6. 䉒䈢䈚䈱 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈲 ዊቇ↢䈪䈜䇯
My younger sister is an elementary school student.
7. 䈐䉊ᐕ䈱䈍ᱜ᦬䈲 ᄤ᳇䈏 䉒䉎䈎䈦䈢䈪䈜䇯
The weather was bad on New Year’s Day last year.
ġ
Translation
1. 䈜䈐䈭 䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䈲 䇸name of the restaurant䇹 䈪䈜䇯
2. 䈐䉌䈇䈭 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲 䇸
3. 䈜䈐䈭 䈋䈇䈏䈲 䇸
4. 䈐䉌䈇䈭 䈲䈇䉉䈉䈲 䇸
䇹 䈪䈜䇯
䇹 䈪䈜䇯
䇹 䈪䈜䇯
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈜䈐䈭 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲 䈮䈾䉖䉍䉊䈉䉍䈪䈜䇯
䈜䈐䈭 䈢䈼䉅䈱䈲 䈍䈜䈚䈫 䈍䈘䈚䉂䈪䈜䇯
2. 䈐䉌䈇䈭 䊁䊧䊎䈳䉖䈓䉂䈲 䊆䊠䊷䉴䈪䈜䇯
䈐䉌䈇䈭 䊁䊧䊎䈳䉖䈓䉂䈲 䈅䉍䉁䈞䉖䇯
3. 䈜䈐䈭䈫䈖䉐䈲 䈚䈝䈎䈭 䈫䈖䉐䈪䈜䇯䈫䈚䉊䈎䉖䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䈐䉏䈇䈭 䈫䈖䉐䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯䈖䈉䈋䉖䈏 ᄢ䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
4. ᄢ䈐䈇 䉝䊌䊷䊃䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈐䉏䈇䈭 䈇䈋䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. 䈎䈦䈖䈇䈇 䈎䉏䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
䈎䉒䈇䈇 䈎䈱䈛䉊䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
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6. 䈋䈇䈗䈫 ᣣᧄ䈗䈏 䈜䈖䈚 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
䉴䊕䉟䊮䈗䈫 䊐䊤䊮䉴䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
7. 䈲䈇䇮䉃䈝䈎䈚䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈅䉖䉁䉍 䉃䈝䈎䈚䈒䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
8. 䈲䈇䇮䈫䈩䉅 䈢䈇䈻䉖䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈅䉖䉁䉍 䈢䈇䈻䉖䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
Short dialogue translation
Mr. Deguchi:
Mr. Murata:
Mr. Deguchi:
Mr. Murata:
Mr. Deguchi:
Mr. Murata:
Mr. Deguchi:
Mr. Murata:
Mr. Deguchi:
You don’t look good, Mr. Murata. What happended?
Actually, I got transferred to New York.
That’s great. When are you leaving?
The 10th of next month. But I don’t want to go.
Why?
Because I can’t speak English.
You can’t speak at all?
I can just do greetings. I will look for an English teacher in New York.
Please do your best.
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳
㽴
㽵
㽶
㽷
㽸
㽹
㽺
㽻
Oct. 27th, Heisei 18
To Take chan,
Thank you for your letter.
Is a foreign country fun?
I became a 3rd grader.
My class changed,too. And I made some new friends too.
I came to like school after I became a 3rd grader.
Are Take-chan and Sachiko-chan doing well?
Yuko and I are fine.
I drew a picture of a dress on the back of this letter.
Plese take a look.
Write me a letter again.
From Atsuko
Reading comprehension questions
1. Who wrote this letter to whom?
䈅䈧ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈏 䈢䈔䈤䉆䉖䈮 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. What grade is Atsuko in now?
䈇䉁䇮ਃᐕ↢䈪䈜䇯
3. Is Atsuko’s class same as before?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈤䈏䈇䉁䈜䇯
4. Did Atsuko make new friends after she became a 3rd grader?
䈲䈇䇮䈪䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
5. Who do you think “Sachiko” is?
䈘䈤ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈲 䈢䈹䉖 䈢䈔䈤䉆䉖䈱 䈐䉊䈉䈣䈇䈪䈜䇯
6. Who do you think “Yuko” is?
䉉䈉ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈲 䈢䈹䉖 䈅䈧ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈱 䈇䉅䈉䈫䈪䈜䇯
the appendices – answer key
7. What is on the back of this letter?
䊄䊧䉴䈱 䈋䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
8. Who drew the picture of the dress?
䈅䈧ሶ䈤䉆䉖䈏 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
9. When did Atsuko write this letter?
䈻䈇䈞䈇ච౎ᐕච᦬ੑච৾ᣣ䈮 䈎䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
Substitution drill
1. 䊁䊧䊎䉕 ⷗䈩䈎䉌䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈋䈮 䈎䈋䈦䈩䈎䉌䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
ᚻ䈏䉂䉕 䈎䈇䈩䈎䉌䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈵䉎䈗䈲䉖䉕 䈢䈼䈩䈎䉌䇮䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䉁䈜䇯
2. ᳓䈏 䈖䈍䉍䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈚䉊䈉䉒䈏 䈻䈇䈞䈇䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈲䉎䈏 䈭䈧䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉂䈬䉍䈏 䈐䈇䉐䈮 䈎䉒䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
3. 䉇䈐䉈䈉䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
䉍䉊䈉䉍䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
䉴䊕䉟䊮䈗䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
䊏䉝䊉䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䊁䊆䉴䈫 䉯䊦䊐䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
䉴䊘䊷䉿䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯䈜䈐䈛䉆䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
2. 䊏䉝䊉䈫 䊋䉟䉥䊥䊮䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
䈭䈮䉅 䈪䈐䉁䈞䉖䇯
3. 䈇䈧䉅 䊁䊧䊎䉕 ⷗䉁䈜䇯䈪䉅䇮䈐䉊䈉䈲 ᣣᧄ䈗䈱 䈚䉈䈒䈣䈇䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈧䉅䇮䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
4. 䊎䊷䊦䈏 䈱䉂䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
䈫䉅䈣䈤䈫 䈎䈇䉅䈱䈮 䈇䈐䈢䈇䈪䈜䇯
5. 䉳䊢䉩䊮䉫䉕 䈚䉁䈜䇯
䉮䊷䊍䊷䉕 䈱䉂䉁䈜䇯
Short dialogue translation
Hiroshi:
Yukiko, where do you want to go for our honeymoon?
Yukiko:
Let’s see… how about Italy?
Hiroshi:
Sounds good. Do you want to go right after the wedding?
Yukiko:
No. I want to go after having a night’s rest.
Hiroshi:
Okay. Are we going to Italy only?
Yukiko:
I also want to go to France and Germany.
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Hiroshi:
Well then, I am going to a travel agency after I finish work tomorrow.
And I will ask about package tours to Europe.
Yukiko:
I want to go with you.
Hiroshi:
Well then, let’s have dinner at the usual restaurant after I go to the travel agency.
‰ ōŦŴŴŰůġIJĴġ
ġ
Fill in the kanji
1. ゞ䈱ਛ䈪 㖸䈏䈒䉕 䈐䈐䉁䈜䇯
I listen to music in the car.
2. ᄢ䈐䈇↸䈲 䈪䉖ゞ䉇 ゞ䈱 㖸䈏 䈉䉎䈘䈇䈪䈜䇯
Big towns are noisy with train and car noises.
3. ⿒䈇⽴䉕 ྾䈧䈫 ⊕䈇⽴䉕 ੖䈧 ⷗䈧䈔䈢䇯
I found four red shells and five white shells.
4. ⊖౞₹䈏 䈧䈒䈋䈱ਅ䈎䉌 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
The 100 yen coin is found under the desk.
5. ੖᦬䈲 ⨲䉇 ᧁ䈱 䈇䉐䈏 䈐䉏䈇䈪䈜䇯
The color of the grass and trees is pretty in May.
6. 㕍䈇᳓₹䈱䉲䊞䉿䈲 ౐ජ౞䈪䈜䇯
The blue polka dot shirt is six thousand yen.
7. ┻ᨋ䈪 ┻䈱ሶ䉕 䈘䈏䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
I looked for bamboo shoots in a bamboo forest.
ġ
ġ
Reading comprehension translation
㽲
㽳
㽴㩷
㽵㩷
㽶㩷
Amelia is looking for a new job.
She works at a supermarket now.
Since she went to Japan three and half years ago, she started studying Japanese.
Since she can speak Japanese, she wants to work for a Japanese company.
Tomorrow, she is going to have an interview with a computer company.
The interview
Interviewer:
Amelia:
Interviewer:
Amelia:
You are Amelia, right?
Yes, I am Amelia. Nice to meet you.
Nice to meet you, too. Why do you want to work here?
When I went to Japan for the first time, I came to like Japan. And I can handle computers.
This company is the biggest Japanese company in America, so I thought I would like to
work here.
Interviewer: I see. There is a secretary position open. What languages do you speak?
Amelia:
I can speak English, Spanish, and Japanese.
Interviewer: How much Japanese can you speak?
Amelia:
I can speak daily conversation.
Interviewer: Also, can you write letters in Japanese?
the appendices – answer key
Amelia:
Interviewer:
Amelia:
Interviewer:
Amelia:
Interviewer:
Amelia:
I can write a little. I can write hiragana and katakana, but I am still studying kanji.
Where did you study computers?
I studied computer programming at college.
That's good. Can you come back here again on the first of next month?
Yes, of course.
Well then, please come at eight thirty. We will have a second interview.
Yes, I will. Thank you very much.
Reading comprehension questions
ġ
1. What is Amelia looking for right now?
䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈚䈗䈫䉕 䈘䈏䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
2. Where does she work now?
䈇䉁䇮䉴䊷䊌䊷䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈇䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
3. When did she go to Japan?
ਃᐕ䈲䉖䉁䈋䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. What kind of company does she think she wants to work for?
ᣣᧄ䈱 䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪 䈲䈢䉌䈐䈢䈇䈫 䈍䉅䈦䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
5. Why is that?
ᣣᧄ䈗䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉎䈎䉌䈪䈜䇯
6. Which company is she having an interview with?
䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏䈇䈚䉆䈪 䉄䉖䈞䈧䉕 䈚䈩䈇䉁䈜䇯
7. Why did she think she wanted to have an interview with that company?
䉝䊜䊥䉦䈪 ৻䈳䉖ᄢ䈐䈇ᣣᧄ䈱䈎䈇䈚䉆䈪䈜䈎䉌䇯
8. What languages does she speak?
䈋䈇䈗䈫 䉴䊕䉟䊮䈗䈫 ᣣᧄ䈗䈏 䈪䈐䉁䈜䇯
9. How much Japanese can she speak?
䈮䈤䈛䉊䈉䈎䈇䉒䈏 䈲䈭䈞䉁䈜䇯
10. How much kanji can she write?
䈎䉖ሼ䈲 䉁䈣 䈎䈔䉁䈞䉖䇯
11. Can she handle a computer?
䈲䈇䇮䉝䊚䊥䉝䈘䉖䈲 ᄢቇ䈪 䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䊶䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫䈱 䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
12. Did she find a job at the computer company?
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉁䈣䈪䈜䇯 䉌䈇᦬䈱৻ᣣ䈮 ੑ䈎䈇⋡䈱 䉄䉖䈞䈧䈏 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
Substitution drill
1. వ䈚䉈䈉䈱 ㊄䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈘䈇䈸䉕 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
వ䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᳓䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈘䈇䈸䉕 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
వ䈚䉈䈉䈱 ᳓䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈔䈇䈢䈇䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈍䈫䈫䈇䇮䈔䈇䈢䈇䈪䉖䉒䉕 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
2. 䈖䈱䉂䈞䈪 䈎䉒䈇䈇䊄䊧䉴䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䇯
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄䈪 䈎䈦䈖䈇䈇 T 䉲䊞䉿䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈉䉂䈪 ⽴䈏䉌䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䇯
䊂䊌䊷䊃䈪 䈇䈇䉉䈶䉒䉕 ⷗䈧䈔䉁䈚䈢䇯
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3. 䈔䈇ሶ䈘䉖䈱 ሶ›䈏 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
↰ਛ䈘䉖䈱 䈎䈑䈏 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈇䈇ᣣᧄ䈗䈱 䈛䈚䉊䈏 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉇䈜䈇ᣣᧄ䉍䉊䈉䉍䈱 䊧䉴䊃䊤䊮䈏 ⷗䈧䈎䉍䉁䈚䈢䇯
4. 䈖䈫䈚䈱䈭䈧䇮䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䈇䈋䈏 䈎䈋䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈫䈚䈱䈭䈧䇮䈇䈋䈮 䈎䈋䉏䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈫䈚䈱䈭䈧䇮䈸䉎䈇ゞ䈏 䈉䉏䉁䈜䇯
䈖䈫䈚䈱䈭䈧䇮䈚䉖䉉䈉䈮 䈅䈋䉁䈜䇯
Question and answer (sample answers)
1. 䈲䈇䇮䈫䈐䈬䈐 䈍䉋䈑䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈍䉋䈑䉁䈞䉖䇯䈪䉅䇮䈫䈐䈬䈐 䈉䉂䈪 䈍䉋䈑䉁䈜䇯
2. 䈲䈇䇮䈢䈼䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯䉁䈓䉐䈫 䈲䉁䈤䈏 䈜䈐䈪䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䈢䈼䉌䉏䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯䈍䈜䈚䈲 䈐䉌䈇䈪䈜䇯
3. 䈲䈇䇮⷗䉌䉏䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮⷗䉌䉏䉁䈞䉖䇯
4. 䈎䉖ሼ䈏 ੖ච䈖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈎䈔䉁䈜䇯
䈎䉖ሼ䈏 ⊖䈖䈓䉌䈇䇮䈎䈔䉁䈜䇯䈠䈚䈩䇮ੑ⊖䈖䈓䉌䈇䇮䉋䉄䉁䈜䇯
5. 䈲䈇䇮䈜䈖䈚 䉋䉄䉁䈜䇯
䈇䈇䈋䇮䉋䉄䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
Short dialogue translation
Mother
Ken
Mother
Ken
Mother
Ken
Mother
Ken
Mother
Ken-chan. What are you doing outside? You have a key, don’t you?
No. I lost it when I was swimming in the pool at shool.
What? You lost it?
Yes. I looked for it, but I couldn’t find it.
Well then, what are you going to do?
Do you have one more key?
Not any more. Go to the Lost and Found center at school tomorrow.
Okay. Can you make a new one if it is not there?
All right. But don’t lose it anymore, okay?
Particles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
䈐䉊䈉䇮 ੖䈛䈮 䈇䈋䈮 䈎䈋䉏䉁䈜䇯
వ䈚䉈䈉䈱 ࿯䉋䈉ᣣ䈮 䈉䉂䈪 䉉䈶䉒䉕 䈭䈒䈚䈢䇯
ጊ↰䈘䉖䈲 ਃ᦬䈮 ᄢ䈘䈎䈮 䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈐䈱䈉䇮ゞ䈱 䈎䈑䉕 ቇᩞ䈪 䈭䈒䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
䈐䉊䈰䉖䇮䉲䊄䊆䊷䈪 䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟䉕 䈚䉁䈚䈢䇯
వ↢䈏 䇸䉅䈦䈫䈎䉖ሼ䉕䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉䈚䈩ਅ䈘䈇䇹䈫 䈇䈇䉁䈚䈢䇯
䉌䈇䈰䉖䇮䈫䈉䈐䉊䈉䈮 䈇䈐䉁䈜䇯䈠䈚䈩䇮䈋䈇䈗䈱 䈞䉖䈞䈇䈮 䈭䉍䉁䈜䇯
䊨䉰䊮䉷䊦䉴䈮䋯䈲 ᣣᧄ䈱 䈍䉂䈞䈏 䈢䈒䈘䉖 䈅䉍䉁䈜䇯
䈍㊄䈏 䈭䈇䈎䉌䇮䈅䈢䉌䈚䈇䉮䊮䊏䊠䊷䉺䊷䈏 䈎䈋䈭䈇䈪䈜䇯
the glossaries E-J
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The
GLOSSARIES
GLOSSARY
Level Ԛ
English-Japanese
GLOSSARY
Level 㽴
Japanese-English
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GLOSSARY
English-Japanese
Level Ԛ
English
Japanese
Kanji
⧷⺆
ᣣᧄ⺆
ṽሼ
[to be] able to do, can do
䈪䈐䉎
಴᧪䉎
about how long?; how much?
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䇮䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䇮䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
acorns
䈬䉖䈓䉍
࿅ᩙ
adjectives
䈔䈇䉋䈉䈚
ᒻኈ⹖
advertisement
䈖䈉䈖䈒
ᐢ๔
Africa
䉝䊐䊥䉦
䉝䊐䊥䉦
after all, in the end
䈔䈦䈐䉊䈒
⚿ዪ
again
䉁䈢
䉁䈢
air force
䈒䈉䈓䉖
ⓨァ
all
䈟䉖䈹
ోㇱ
all right, safe
䈣䈇䈛䉊䈉䈹
ᄢਂᄦ
almost all, the majority
䈾䈫䉖䈬
ᱴ䈬
amazing, great, wow (adj)
䈜䈗䈇
ಌ䈇
amazing, wonderful, wow
䈜䈗䈇
ಌ䈇
anything, nothing
䈭䈮䉅
૗䉅
apartment house
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
appointment book
䉲䉴䊁䊛䈩䈤䉊䈉
䉲䉴䊁䊛ᚻᏭ
arm
䈉䈪
⣨
armpit
䉒䈐䈱䈚䈢
䉒䈐䈱ਅ
army
䉍䈒䈓䉖
㒽ァ
army knife
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
Asia
䉝䉳䉝
䉝䉳䉝
Atlantic Ocean
䈢䈇䈞䈇䉋䈉
ᄢ⷏ᵗ
A
the glossaries E-J
B
back
䈉䉌
ⵣ
back garden
䈉䉌䈮䉒
ⵣᐸ
backyard
䈉䉌䈮䉒
ⵣᐸ
ball pen
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
balloon
䈸䈉䈞䉖
㘑⦁
bamboo
䈢䈔
┻
bandage, dressing
䈾䈉䈢䈇
൮Ꮺ
basement
䈤䈎䈚䈧
࿾ਅቶ
bat (animal)
䈖䈉䉅䉍
Ⲅⲇ
battery
䈪䉖䈤
㔚ᳰ
beard
䈵䈕
㜯
to become, be
䈭䉎
䈭䉎
bell
䊔䊦 / 䈜䈝
䊔䊦 / ㋈
best friend
䈚䉖䉉䈉
ⷫ෹
blood
䈤
ⴊ
body
䈎䉌䈣
૕
bomb
䈳䈒䈣䉖
῜ᒢ
bone
䈾䈰
㛽
booger
䈲䈭䈒䈠
㥦䈒䈠
book store
䈾䉖䉇
ᧄደ
both (items or objects)
䉍䉊䈉䈾䈉
ਔᣇ
bouquet
䊑䊷䉬
䊑䊷䉬
box
䈲䈖
▫
break
䉇䈜䉂
ભ䉂
breasts
䉃䈰
⢷
breathe
䈇䈐
ᕷ
brush
䊑䊤䉲
䊑䊤䉲
bucket
䊋䉬䉿
䊋䉬䉿
buffet
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
burp
䈕䈦䈺
䈕䈦䈺
bus stop
䊋䉴䈩䈇
䊋䉴஗
butterfly
䈤䉊䈉䈤䉊䈉
༆༆
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button
䊗䉺䊮
䊗䉺䊮
by foot
䈅䉎䈇䈩
ᱠ䈇䈩
by yourself
䈵䈫䉍䈪
৻ੱ䈪
alone
䈵䈫䉍䈪
৻ੱ䈪
caca
䈉䉖䈖 / 䈣䈇䈼䉖
䈉䉖䈖 / ᄢଢ
cactus
䉰䊗䊁䊮
䉰䊗䊁䊮
calculator
䈔䈇䈘䉖䈐
⸘▚ᯏ
candle
䉐䈉䈠䈒
ⱼῒ
canteen
䈜䈇䈫䈉
᳓╴
car battery
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
carpet
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
cash
䈕䉖䈐䉖
⃻㊄
caterpillar
䈔䉃䈚
Ძ⯻
cavity
䉃䈚䈳
⯻ᱤ
ceiling
䈩䉖䈛䉊䈉
ᄤ੗
champagne
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
to change, turn into
䈎䉒䉎
ᄌ䉒䉎
check-in
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
check-out
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
chicken
䈮䉒䈫䉍
㢚
Children
䈖䈬䉅䈢䈤
ሶଏ㆐
Chinese cooking (food)
䈤䉈䈉䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍
ਛ⪇ᢱℂ
Christmas tree
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
circle
䉁䉎
ਣ
cleaning
䈠䈉䈛
᝹㒰
clip-on earrings
䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫
䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫
cold
䈎䈟
㘑㇎
college student
䈣䈇䈏䈒䈞䈇
ᄢቇ↢
college, university
䈣䈇䈏䈒
ᄢቇ
to come to dislike
䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉎
ህ䈇䈮䈭䉎
to come to like
䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉎
ᅢ䈐䈮䈭䉎
C
the glossaries E-J
commuting to work
䈧䈉䈐䉖
ㅢൕ
company
䈎䈇䈚䉆
ળ␠
complex
䈸䈒䈙䈧
ⶄ㔀
complicated
䈸䈒䈙䈧
ⶄ㔀
concert
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃
convenient
䈼䉖䉍
ଢ೑
conversation
䈎䈇䉒
ળ⹤
correction fluid
䈚䉈䈉䈞䈇䈋䈐
ୃᱜᶧ
to cost money, take time
䈎䈎䉎
ដ䈎䉎
cough
䈞䈐
ຕ
cup ramen
䉦䉾䊒䊤䊷䊜䊮
䉦䉾䊒䊤䊷䊜䊮
curtains
䉦䊷䊁䊮
䉦䊷䊁䊮
cutting board
䉁䈭䈇䈢
䉁䈭᧼
dangerous
䈅䈹䈭䈇
ෂ䈭䈇
day off
䉇䈜䉂
ભ䉂
denim pants, jeans
䉳䊷䊌䊮
䉳䊷䊌䊮
dentist
䈲䈇䈚䉆
ᱤක⠪
dentures (false teeth)
䈇䉏䈳
౉ᱤ
development (picture)
䈕䉖䈡䈉
⃻௝
devil
䈅䈒䉁
ᖡ㝷
dictionary
䈛䈚䉊
ㄉᦠ
diet
䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃
䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃
[to be] different
䈤䈏䈉
㆑䈉
difficult
䈸䈒䈙䈧
ⶄ㔀
dimples
䈋䈒䈿
╉┄
disagreeable
䈇䉇
ህ
Disneyland
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄
disposable camera
䈧䈎䈇䈜䈩䉦䊜䊤
૶䈇ᝥ䈩䉦䊜䊤
divorce
䉍䈖䉖
㔌ᇕ
to do your best
䈏䉖䈳䉎
㗎ᒛ䉎
doo-doo
䈉䉖䈖 / 䈣䈇䈼䉖
䈉䉖䈖 / ᄢଢ
D
317
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door
䊄䉝
䊄䉝
drawing
䈋
⛗
dress
䊄䊧䉴
䊄䊧䉴
easy
䈎䉖䈢䉖
䈎䉖䈢䉖
electric outlet
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
electricity
䈪䉖䈐
㔚᳇
elementary school
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
ዊቇᩞ
elementary school student
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈒䈞䈇
ዊቇ↢
elevator
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
emergency exit
䈵䈛䉊䈉䈓䈤
㕖Ᏹญ
emperor
䈩䉖䈱䈉䈻䈇䈎
ᄤ⊞㒨ਅ
to end, finish
䈍䉒䉎
⚳䉒䉎
endurance
䈏䉁䉖
ᚒᘟ
equator
䈞䈐䈬䈉
⿒㆏
escalator
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
䈞䈐䈬䈉
Europe
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
evening
䈳䉖
᥅
everybody
䉂䉖䈭
⊝
everyday
䈮䈤䈛䉊䈉
ᣣᏱ
expression
䈖䈫䈳
⸒⪲
fan
䊐䉜䊮
䊐䉜䊮
fart
䈍䈭䉌
䈍䈭䉌
feces
䈉䉖䈖 / 䈣䈇䈼䉖
䈉䉖䈖 / ᄢଢ
file cabinet
䊐䉜䉟䊦 䉨䊞䊎䊈䉾䊃
䊐䉜䉟䊦 䉨䊞䊎䊈䉾䊃
film
䊐䉞䊦䊛
䊐䉞䊦䊛
film shop
䈚䉆䈚䉖䉇
౮⌀ደ
to find (active)
䉂䈧䈔䉎
⷗䈧䈔䉎
fire place
䈣䉖䉐
ᥦἹ
first time
䈲䈛䉄䈩
ೋ䉄䈩
E
F
the glossaries E-J
first time
䈲䈛䉄䈩
ೋ䉄䈩
flashlight
䈎䈇䈤䉈䈉䈪䉖䈫䈉
ᙬਛ㔚Ἦ
flat
䈵䈒䈇
ૐ䈇
flat head screwdriver
䊙䉟䊅䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊙䉟䊅䉴 䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
floor
䉉䈎
ᐥ
flower vase
䈎䈶䉖
⧎↉
folder
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
fool, idiot
䈅䈾
䈅䈾
foreign country
䈏䈇䈖䈒
ᄖ࿖
foreigner
䈏䈇䈖䈒䈛䉖
ᄖ࿖ੱ
[to be] found
䉂䈧䈎䉎
⷗䈧䈎䉎
from now (starting from now)
䈇䉁䈎䉌
੹䈎䉌
front desk
䊐䊨䊮䊃
䊐䊨䊮䊃
front teeth
䉁䈋䈳
೨ᱤ
frying pan
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
garden, yard
䈮䉒
ᐸ
Germany
䊄䉟䉿
䊄䉟䉿
ghost
䈍䈳䈔
䈍ൻ䈔
girl (usually little girl)
䈍䉖䈭䈱䈖
ᅚ䈱ሶ
to go, come back, return
䉅䈬䉎
ᚯ䉎
grammar
䈹䉖䉀䈉
ᢥᴺ
grasshopper
䈳䈦䈢
䈳䈦䈢
grave
䈲䈎
Ⴤ
hall (concert)
䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉
ળ႐
hammer
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䊊䊮䊙䊷
handicap
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
handy
䈼䉖䉍
ଢ೑
hanger
䊊䊮䉧䊷
䊊䊮䉧䊷
G
H
319
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YesJapan.com
happy
䈉䉏䈚䈇
ሜ䈚䈇
to have patience, endure
䈏䉁䉖䈜䉎
ᚒᘟ䈜䉎
headache
䈝䈧䈉
㗡∩
heart
䊊䊷䊃
䊊䊷䊃
heavy
䈍䉅䈇
㊀䈇
“Hello?” (telephone only)
䉅䈚䉅䈚
䉅䈚䉅䈚
hen
䈮䉒䈫䉍
㢚
hiccups
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
high heels
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
high school
䈖䈉䈖䈉
㜞ᩞ
high school student
䈖䈉䈖䈉䈞䈇
㜞ᩞ↢
hives, rash
䈛䉖䉁䈚䉖
⭄㤗∐
hole puncher
䊌䊮䉼
䊌䊮䉼
to home stay
䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟(䉕) 䈜䉎
䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟(䉕) 䈜䉎
hot springs
䈍䉖䈞䉖
᷷ᴰ
house work
䈎䈛
ኅ੐
how long (time)
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇
how many days
䈭䉖䈮䈤
૗ᣣ
how many hours
䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖
૗ᤨ㑆
how many months
䈭䉖䈎䈕䈧
૗䊱᦬
how many weeks
䈭䉖䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
૗ㅳ㑆
how many years
䈭䉖䈰䉖
૗ᐕ
how much (money)
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇
how; what
䈬䈉
䈬䈉
hurts
䈇䈢䈇
∩䈇
husband
䈣䉖䈭䈘䉖
ᣤ㇊䈘䉖
idiot, fool
䈅䈾
䈅䈾
imaginary company
䊌䊅䉸䊆䊷
䊌䊅䉸䊆䊷
interview
䉄䉖䈞䈧
㕙ធ
in the morning time
䈗䈟䉖䈤䉈䈉
ඦ೨ਛ
I
the glossaries E-J
index finger
䈵䈫䈘䈚䉉䈶
ੱᏅ䈚ᜰ
injury
䈔䈏
ᕋᚒ
ink
䉟䊮䉪
䉟䊮䉪
instead of
䉋䉍
䉋䉍
intricate
䈸䈒䈙䈧
ⶄ㔀
iron
䉝䉟䊨䊮
䉝䉟䊨䊮
jacket
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
Japan Sea
䈮䈾䉖䈎䈇
ᣣᧄᶏ
jeans, denim pants
䉳䊷䊌䊮
䉳䊷䊌䊮
junior high school
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
ਛቇᩞ
junior high student
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈒䈞䈇
ਛቇ↢
kettle
䉇䈎䉖
䉇䈎䉖
kind, warm-hearted, friendly
䈚䉖䈞䈧
ⷫಾ
kitchen knife
䈾䈉䈤䉊䈉
൮ৼ
L.A.
䊨䉴
䊨䉴
ladder
䈲䈚䈗
䈲䈚䈗
lady bug
䈩䉖䈫䈉䉃䈚
䈩䉖䈫䈉⯻
J
K
L
language
⸒⪲
laptop computer
䊉䊷䊃䊌䉸䉮䊮
䊉䊷䊃䊌䉸䉮䊮
large apartment
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
laundry
䈞䉖䈢䈒
ᵞữ
lawyer
䈼䉖䈗䈚
ᑯ⼔჻
letter
䈩䈏䉂
ᚻ⚕
library
䈫䈚䉊䈎䉖
࿑ᦠ㙚
light
䈎䉎䈇
シ䈇
little finger
䈖䉉䈶
ዊᜰ
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YesJapan.com
to live (in a place)
䈜䉃
૑䉃
long
䈭䈏䈇 (䈇 adj.)
䈭䈏䈇
long time ago
䉃䈎䈚
ᤄ
to look for, search for
䈘䈏䈜
ត䈜
to lose
䈭䈒䈜
ή䈒䈜
lot
䈢䈒䈘䉖
ᴛጊ
low
䈵䈒䈇
ૐ䈇
lungs
䈲䈇
⢖
Madonna
䊙䊄䊮䊅
䊙䊄䊮䊅
to make
䈪䈐䉎
಴᧪䉎
many
䈢䈒䈘䉖
ᴛጊ
meaning (of something)
䈇䉂
ᗧ๧
medicine
䈒䈜䉍
⮎
to meet
䈅䈉
ળ䈉
men’s bath
䈍䈫䈖䉉
↵ḡ
Merry Christmas
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
Michael Jackson
䊙䉟䉬䊦䉳䊞䉪䉸䊮
䊙䉟䉬䊦䉳䊞䉪䉸䊮
middle finger
䈭䈎䉉䈶
ਛᜰ
miniskirt
䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃
䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃
mixed-sex public bath
䈖䉖䉋䈒
ᷙᶎ
molars (back teeth)
䈍䈒䈳
ᅏᱤ
most, number one
䈇䈤䈳䉖
৻⇟
much
䈢䈒䈘䉖
ᴛጊ
municipal (public)
䈚䉍䈧
Ꮢ┙
muscles
䈐䉖䈮䈒
╭⡺
mushrooms
䈐䈱䈖
⨧
my father
䈤䈤
ῳ
my mother
䈲䈲
Უ
M
the glossaries E-J
323
N
nails (for hammers)
䈒䈑
㊉
naked
䈲䈣䈎
⵻
national border
䈖䈦䈐䉊䈉
࿖Ⴚ
navy
䈎䈇䈓䉖
ᶏァ
negative
䊈䉧
䊈䉧
new car
䈚䉖䈚䉆
ᣂゞ
normal
䈮䈤䈛䉊䈉
ᣣᏱ
North Pole
䈾䈦䈐䉊䈒
ർᭂ
not fun
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
not interesting
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
nouns
䉄䈇䈚
ฬ⹖
nuclear bomb
䈕䉖䈚䈳䈒䈣䉖
ේሶ῜ᒢ
number
䈎䈝
ᢙ
number one, the most
䈇䈤䈳䉖
৻⇟
nurse
䈎䉖䈗䈸(䈘䉖)
⋴⼔ᇚ䈘䉖
ocean
䈉䉂
ᶏ
ocean bathing
䈎䈇䈜䈇䉋䈒
ᶏ᳓ᶎ
Oceania
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
okay
䉥䊷䉬䊷
䉥䊷䉬䊷
one-piece dress
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
one-room apartment
䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
only
䈣䈔
䈣䈔
ordinary
䈮䈤䈛䉊䈉
ᣣᏱ
to originate, start, begin
䈲䈛䉄䉎
ᆎ䉄䉎
over and including
~䈇䈛䉊䈉
એ਄
䈢䈇䈻䈇䉋䈉
ᄥᐔᵗ
O
P
Pacific Ocean
324
YesJapan.com
page
䊕䊷䉳
㗁
painful
䈇䈢䈇
∩䈇
paint
䊕䊮䉨
䊕䊮䉨
painting
䈋
⛗
palm tree
䉇䈚䈱䈐
ᬔሶ䈱ᧁ
paperclip
䋨䊕䊷䊌䊷䋩䉪䊥䉾䊒
䋨䊕䊷䊌䊷䋩䉪䊥䉾䊒
parking lot
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆䈛䉊䈉
㚢ゞ႐
part-time job
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃
patience
䈏䉁䉖
ᚒᘟ
to pay
䈲䉌䈉
ᛄ䈉
pencil sharpener
䈋䉖䈷䈧䈔䈝䉍
㋦╩೥䉍
pet shop
䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒
䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒
Phillips screwdriver
䊒䊤䉴䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊒䊤䉴䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
photograph
䈚䉆䈚䉖
౮⌀
picnic
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪
pierced earrings
䊏䉝䉴
䊏䉝䉴
piggy bank
䈤䉊䈐䉖䈳䈖
⾂㊄▫
pilot
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃
pimple
䈮䈐䈶
䈮䈐䈶
pinky (little finger)
䈖䉉䈶
ዊᜰ
pistol
䊏䉴䊃䊦
䊏䉴䊃䊦
place
䈫䈖䉐
ᚲ
to play
䈅䈠䈹
ㆆ䈹
Polaroid
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
poo-poo
䈉䉖䈖 / 䈣䈇䈼䉖
䈉䉖䈖 / ᄢଢ
pool
䊒䊷䊦
䊒䊷䊦
popcorn
䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮
䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮
potato
䈛䉆䈏䈇䉅
䈛䉆䈏䈇䉅
pots and pans
䈭䈼
㍿
potted plants
䈉䈋䈐
ᬀᧁ
private
䈚䉍䈧
⑳┙
pretty; clean
䈐䉏䈇
✊㤀
probably
䈪䈚䉊䈉
䈪䈚䉊䈉
the glossaries E-J
programming
䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫
䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫
properly
䈤䉆䉖䈫
䈤䉆䉖䈫
puppy
䈖䈇䈯
ዊ›
quickly, fast; hurry up!
䈲䉇䈒
ᣧ䈒
quiet
䈚䈝䈎
㕒䈎
radio
䊤䉳䉥
䊤䉳䉥
railroad crossing
䈸䉂䈐䉍
〯䉂ಾ䉍
to raise an animal
䈎䈉
㘺䈉
rap music
䊤䉾䊒
䊤䉾䊒
real estate
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖
ਇേ↥
real estate agent/broker
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖
ਇേ↥ደ䈘䉖
rectangle
䈤䉊䈉䈾䈉䈔䈇
㐳ᣇᒻ
red wine
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
⿒䊪䉟䊮
reindeer
䊃䊅䉦䉟
䊃䊅䉦䉟
rifle
䊤䉟䊐䊦
䊤䉟䊐䊦
right away, immediately
䈜䈓
䈜䈓
right?
䈪䈚䉊䈉
䈪䈚䉊䈉
ring (jewelry)
䉉䈶䉒
ᜰベ
ring finger
䈒䈜䉍䉉䈶
⮎ᜰ
rocket
䊨䉬䉾䊃
䊨䉬䉾䊃
roof
䉇䈰
ደᩮ
rooftop
䈍䈒䈛䉊䈉
ደ਄
room for two
䈸䈢䉍䈼䉇
ੑੱㇱደ
room service
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
rose wine
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
running
䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫
䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫
Q
R
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S
safe (to secure valuables)
䈐䉖䈖
㊄ᐶ
safety pin
䈅䉖䈟䉖䈷䉖
቟ో䊏䊮
sandals
䉰䊮䉻䊦
䉰䊮䉻䊦
Santa Claus
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
saw
䈱䈖䈑䉍
㍍
to say, speak, tell
䈇䈉
⸒䈉
scary, scared
䈖䉒䈇
ᕟ䈇
scorpion
䈘䈠䉍
⳩
screwdriver
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
screws
䈰䈛
䈰䈛
secretary
䈵䈚䉊
⒁ᦠ
see you again later
䉁䈢 䈅䈫䈪
䉁䈢 䈅䈫䈪
self defense force
䈛䈋䈇䈢䈇
⥄ⴡ㓌
self-control
䈏䉁䉖
ᚒᘟ
Shinjuku station (train)
䈚䉖䈛䉈䈒䈋䈐
ᣂኋ㚞
shoelace
䈒䈧䈵䉅
㕦⚌
to shop
䈎䈇䉅䈱(䉕)䈜䉎
⾈䈇‛䋨䉕䋩䈜䉎
short in height
䈵䈒䈇
ૐ䈇
short in length
䉂䈛䈎䈇
⍴䈇
shot
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆
ᵈ኿
to show
䉂䈞䉎
⷗䈞䉎
shower
䉲䊞䊪䊷
䉲䊞䊪䊷
sick
䈶䉊䈉䈐
∛᳇
sidewalk
䈾䈬䈉
ᱠ㆏
silent
䈚䈝䈎
㕒䈎
Single, unmarried
䈬䈒䈚䉖
⁛り
skeleton
䈏䈇䈖䈧
㜈㛽
slobber
䉋䈣䉏
ᶘ
sneakers
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
sneeze
䈒䈚䉆䉂
䈒䈚䉆䉂
snoring
䈇䈶䈐
䈇䈶䈐
snot
䈲䈭䉂䈝
㥦᳓
the glossaries E-J
snow man
䉉䈐䈣䉎䉁
㔐䈣䉎䉁
sofa
䉸䊐䉜䊷
䉸䊐䉜䊷
someday
䈇䈧䈎
䈇䈧䈎
song
䈉䈢
᱌
South Pole
䈭䉖䈐䉊䈒
ධᭂ
speech
⸒⪲
spider
䈒䉅
Ⱡⰸ
spring break (vacation)
䈲䉎䉇䈜䉂
ᤐભ䉂
square
䈚䈎䈒
྾ⷺ
stapler
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
to start, to begin
䈲䈛䉁䉎
ᆎ䉁䉎
starting now (from now on)
䈖䉏䈎䉌
䈖䉏䈎䉌
still
䈚䈝䈎
㕒䈎
stomach
䈇
⢗
store
䉂䈞䇮䈍䉂䈞
ᐫ䇮䈍ᐫ
straw
䉴䊃䊨䊷
䉴䊃䊨䊷
study, studies
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉
ീᒝ
submarine
䈞䉖䈜䈇䈎䉖
ẜ᳓⦘
summer break (vacation)
䈭䈧䉇䈜䉂
ᄐભ䉂
sunflower
䈵䉁䉒䉍
ะᣣ⫓
supermarket
䉴䊷䊌䊷
䉴䊷䊌䊷
surgery
䈚䉈䈛䉈䈧
ᚻⴚ
to swim
䈍䉋䈓
ᵒ䈓
swimming pool
䊒䊷䊦
䊒䊷䊦
Sydney (Australia)
䉲䊄䊆䊷
䉲䊄䊆䊷
tadpole
䈍䈢䉁䈛䉆䈒䈚
䈍₹䈛䉆䈒䈚
tank
䈞䉖䈚䉆
ᚢゞ
tape (cellophane)
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
taxi
䉺䉪䉲䊷
䉺䉪䉲䊷
taxi stand
䉺䉪䉲䊷䈱䉍䈳
ਸ਼䉍႐
tears
䈭䉂䈣
ᶡ
T
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telephone bill
䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇
㔚⹤ઍ
terrible
䈵䈬䈇
㉃䈇
test
䊁䉴䊃 / 䈚䈔䉖
䊁䉴䊃 / ⹜㛎
that time
䈠䈱䈫䈐
䈠䈱ᤨ
the other day
䈖䈱䈅䈇䈣
䈖䈱㑆
therefore, for that reason
䈣䈎䉌
䈣䈎䉌
thermometer (for body)
䈢䈇䈍䉖䈔䈇
૕᷷⸘
thing(s)
䉅䈱
‛
to think
䈍䉅䈉
ᕁ䈉
this morning
䈔䈘
੹ᦺ
thumb
䈍䉇䉉䈶
ⷫᜰ
tip (for services)
䉼䉾䊒
䉼䉾䊒
toast
䊃䊷䉴䊃
䊃䊷䉴䊃
together
䈇䈦䈚䉊
৻✜
toilet paper
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃 䊕䊷䊌䊷
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃 䊕䊷䊌䊷
tongue
䈚䈢
⥠
tongue twister
䈲䉇䈒䈤䈖䈫䈳
ᣧญ⸒⪲
town
䉁䈤
↸
transfer (job)
䈩䉖䈐䉖
ォൕ
[to be] transferred
䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮䈭䉎
ォൕ䈮䈭䉎
triangle
䈘䉖䈎䈒
ਃⷺ
tripod
䈘䉖䈐䉆䈒
ਃ⣉
T-shirt
䊁䉞䊷䉲䊞䉿
䊁䉞䊷䉲䊞䉿
tulips
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
two-sided tape
䉍䉊䈉䉄䉖䊁䊷䊒
ਔ㕙䊁䊷䊒
um
䈋䊷䈫
䈋䊷䈫
under and including
~䈇䈎
એਅ
unfortunate
䈙䉖䈰䉖
ᱷᔨ
United Nations
䈖䈒䉏䉖
࿖ㅪ
unpleasant
䈇䉇
ህ
urine
䈍䈚䈦䈖 / 䈚䉊䈉䈼䉖
䈍䈚䈦䈖 / ዊଢ
used car
䈤䉈䈉䈖䈚䉆
ਛฎゞ
U
the glossaries E-J
useful
䈼䉖䉍
ଢ೑
various
䈇䉐䈇䉐
⦡䇱
vending machine
䈛䈬䈉䈲䉖䈳䈇䈐
⥄േ⽼ᄁᯏ
vitamins
䊎䉺䊚䊮
䊎䉺䊚䊮
vocabulary, words
䈢䉖䈗
න⺆
voice
䈖䈋
ჿ
to wait
䉁䈧
ᓙ䈧
wall
䈎䈼
ო
wallet
䈘䈇䈸
䈘䈇䈸
war
䈞䉖䈠䈉
ᚢ੎
war
䈞䉖䈠䈉
ᚢ੎
war aircraft
䈞䉖䈫䈉䈐
ᚢ㑵ᯏ
washing machine
䈞䉖䈢䈒䈐
ᵞữᯏ
wedding cake
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
wedding dress
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
wedding ring
䈔䈦䈖䉖䉉䈶䉒
⚿ᇕᜰベ
well then
䈛䉆䈅
䈛䉆䈅
what grade?
䈭䉖䈰䉖䈞䈇
૗ᐕ↢
wheelchair
䈒䉎䉁䈇䈜
ゞ᫹ሶ
when, time
~䈫䈐
ᤨ
which (of two) informal
䈬䈦䈤
䈬䈦䈤
white wine
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
⊕䊪䉟䊮
why?
䈭䉖䈪
䈭䉖䈪
wind
䈎䈟
㘑
wine
䊪䉟䊮
䊪䉟䊮
winter break (vacation)
䈸䉉䉇䈜䉂
౻ભ䉂
[to be] wrong
䈤䈏䈉
㆑䈉
V
W
what year of school?
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women’s bath
䈍䉖䈭䉉
ᅚḡ
word
䈖䈫䈳
⸒⪲
to work
䈲䈢䉌䈒
௛䈒
to work part-time
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕䈜䉎
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕䈜䉎
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
yawn
䈅䈒䈶
ᰳિ
young
䉒䈎䈇
⧯䈇
X
X-ray
Y
the glossaries J-E
GLOSSARY
331
Japanese-English
Level 㽴
Japanese
English
Kanji
ᣣᧄ⺆
⧷⺆
ṽሼ
䌾
~䈇䈎
under and including
એਅ
~䈇䈛䉊䈉
over and including
એ਄
~䈫䈐
when, time
ᤨ
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
army knife
䉝䊷䊚䊷䊅䉟䊐
䉝䉟䊨䊮
iron
䉝䉟䊨䊮
䈅䈉
to meet
ળ䈉
䈅䈎䊪䉟䊮
red wine
⿒䊪䉟䊮
䈅䈒䈶
yawn
ᰳિ
䈅䈒䉁
devil
ᖡ㝷
䉝䉳䉝
Asia
䉝䉳䉝
䈅䈠䈹
to play
ㆆ䈹
䈅䈹䈭䈇
dangerous
ෂ䈭䈇
䉝䊐䊥䉦
Africa
䉝䊐䊥䉦
䈅䈾
a fool, an idiot
䈅䈾
䈅䉎䈇䈩
by walking
ᱠ䈇䈩
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃
part-time job
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕䈜䉎
to work part-time
䉝䊦䊋䉟䊃䉕䈜䉎
䈅䉖䈟䉖䈷䉖
safety pin
቟ో䊏䊮
䈇
stomach
⢗
䈇䈉
to say, speak, tell
⸒䈉
䈅
䈇
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䈇䈐
breathe
ᕷ
䈇䈢䈇
painful, hurts
∩䈇
䈇䈤䈳䉖
the most, number one
৻⇟
䈇䈧䈎
someday
䈇䈧䈎
䈇䈦䈚䉊
together
৻✜
䈇䈶䈐
snoring
䈇䈶䈐
䈇䉁䈎䉌
from now (starting from now)
੹䈎䉌
䈇䉂
meaning (of something)
ᗧ๧
䈇䉇
unpleasant, disagreeble (very negative word)
ህ
䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫
clip-on earrings
䉟䊟䊥䊮䉫
䈇䉏䈳
dentures (false teeth)
౉ᱤ
䈇䉐䈇䉐
various
⦡䇱
䉟䊮䉪
ink
䉟䊮䉪
䈉䈋䈐
potted plants
ᬀᧁ
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
wedding cake
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䉬䊷䉨
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
wedding dress
䉡䉣䊂䉞䊮䉫䊶䊄䊧䉴
䈉䈢
song
᱌
䈉䈪
arm
⣨
䈉䉂
the ocean, the beach
ᶏ
䈉䉌
the back
ⵣ
䈉䉌䈮䉒
a back garden, a backyard
ⵣᐸ
䈉䉏䈚䈇
happy
ሜ䈚䈇
䈉䉖䈖 / 䈣䈇䈼䉖
feces, doo-doo, ka-ka, poo-poo
䈉䉖䈖 / ᄢଢ
䈋
a drawing or painting
⛗
䈋䊷䈫
um
䈋䊷䈫
䈋䈒䈿
dimples
╉┄
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
escalator
䉣䉴䉦䊧䊷䉺䊷
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
elevator
䉣䊧䊔䊷䉺䊷
䈉
䈋
the glossaries J-E
pencil sharpener
㋦╩೥䉍
䉥䊷䉬䊷
okay
䉥䊷䉬䊷
䈍䈒䈛䉊䈉
rooftop
ደ਄
䈍䈒䈳
molars (back teeth)
ᅏᱤ
䈍䈚䈦䈖 / 䈚䉊䈉䈼䉖
urine
䈍䈚䈦䈖 / ዊଢ
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
Oceania
䉥䉶䉝䊆䉝
䈍䈢䉁䈛䉆䈒䈚
tadpole
䈍₹䈛䉆䈒䈚
䈍䈫䈖䉉
men’s bath
↵ḡ
䈍䈭䉌
fart
䈍䈭䉌
䈍䈳䈔
ghost
䈍ൻ䈔
䈍䉅䈇
heavy
㊀䈇
䈍䉅䈉
to think
ᕁ䈉
䈍䉇䉉䈶
thumb
ⷫᜰ
䈍䉋䈓
to swim
ᵒ䈓
䈍䉒䉍䉁䈜
to end, finish
⚳䉒䉎
䈍䉖䈞䉖
hot springs
᷷ᴰ
䈍䉖䈭䈱䈖
a girl (usually a little girl)
ᅚ䈱ሶ
䈍䉖䈭䉉
women’s bath
ᅚḡ
䉦䊷䊁䊮
curtains
䉦䊷䊁䊮
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
carpet
䉦䊷䊕䉾䊃
䈎䈇䈓䉖
navy
ᶏァ
䈏䈇䈖䈒
foreign country
ᄖ࿖
䈏䈇䈖䈒䈛䉖
foreigner
ᄖ࿖ੱ
䈏䈇䈖䈧
skeleton
㜈㛽
䈎䈇䈚䉆
company
ળ␠
䈎䈇䈛䉊䈉
(concert) hall
ળ႐
䈎䈇䈜䈇䉋䈒
ocean bathing
ᶏ᳓ᶎ
䈎䈇䈤䉈䈉䈪䉖䈫䈉
flashlight
ᙬਛ㔚Ἦ
䈋䉖䈷䈧䈔䈝䉍
䈍
䈎
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䈎䈇䉅䈱(䉕)䈜䉎
to shop
⾈䈇‛䈜䉎
䈎䈇䉒
conversation
ળ⹤
䈎䈉
to raise an animal
㘺䈉
䈎䈎䉎
to cost money, take time
ដ䈎䉎
䈎䈛
house work
ኅ੐
䈎䈝
number
ᢙ
䈎䈟
a cold
㘑㇎
䈎䈟
wind
㘑
䉦䉾䊒䊤䊷䊜䊮
cup ramen
䉦䉾䊒䊤䊷䊜䊮
䈎䈶䉖
flower vase
⧎↉
䈎䈼
wall
ო
䈏䉁䉖
patience; endurance; self-control
ᚒᘟ
䈏䉁䉖䈜䉎
to have patience; endure
ᚒᘟ䈜䉎
䈎䉌䈣
body
૕
䈎䉎䈇
light
シ䈇
䈎䉒䉎
to change, turn into
ᄌ䉒䉎
䈎䉖䈗䈸(䈘䉖)
a nurse
⋴⼔ᇚ䈘䉖
䈎䉖䈢䉖
easy
䈎䉖䈢䉖
䈏䉖䈳䉎
to do your best
㗎ᒛ䉎
䈐䈱䈖
mushrooms
⨧
䈐䉌䈇䈮 䈭䉎
to come to dislike
ህ䈇䈮䈭䉎
䈐䉏䈇
pretty; clean
✊㤀䈭
䈐䉖䈖
safe (to secure valuables)
㊄ᐶ
䈐䉖䈮䈒
muscles
╭⡺
䈒䈉䈓䉖
air force
ⓨァ
䈒䈑
nails (for hammers)
㊉
䈒䈚䉆䉂
sneeze
䈒䈚䉆䉂
䈒䈜䉍
medicine
⮎
䈐
䈒
the glossaries J-E
䈒䈜䉍䉉䈶
ring finger
⮎ᜰ
䈒䈧䈵䉅
shoelace
㕦⚌
䈒䉅
spider
Ⱡⰸ
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
Christmas tree
䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴䉿䊥䊷
䈒䉎䉁䈇䈜
wheelchair
ゞ᫹ሶ
䈔䈇䈘䉖䈐
calculator
⸘▚ᯏ
䈔䈇䉋䈉䈚
adjectives
ᒻኈ⹖
䈔䈏
Injury
ᕋᚒ
䈔䈦䈐䉊䈒
after all, in the end
⚿ዪ
䈔䈦䈖䉖䉉䈶䉒
wedding ring
⚿ᇕᜰベ
䈔䈘
this morning
੹ᦺ
䈕䈦䈺
burp
䈕䈦䈺
䈔䉃䈚
caterpillar
Ძ⯻
䈕䉖䈐䉖
cash
⃻㊄
䈕䉖䈚䈳䈒䈣䉖
nuclear bomb
ේሶ῜ᒢ
䈕䉖䈡䈉
development (picture)
⃻௝
䈖䈇䈯
puppy
ዊ›
䈖䈉䈖䈉
high school
㜞ᩞ
䈖䈉䈖䈉䈞䈇
high school student
㜞ᩞ↢
䈖䈉䈖䈒
advertisement
ᐢ๔
䈖䈉䉅䉍
bat (animal)
Ⲅⲇ
䈖䈋
voice
ჿ
䈖䈒䉏䉖
United Nations
࿖ㅪ
䈗䈟䉖䈤䉈䈉
in the morning time
ඦ೨ਛ
䈖䈦䈐䉊䈉
national border
࿖Ⴚ
䈖䈫䈳
speech, language; word; expression
⸒⪲
䈖䈬䉅䈢䈤
children
ሶଏ㆐
䈖䈱䈅䈇䈣
the other day
䈖䈱㑆
䈔
䈖
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䈖䉉䈶
little finger
ዊᜰ
䈖䉉䈶
pinky (little finger)
ዊᜰ
䈖䉏䈎䉌
starting now (from now on)
䈖䉏䈎䉌
䈖䉒䈇
scary, scared
ᕟ䈇
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃
concert
䉮䊮䉰䊷䊃
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
electric outlet
䉮䊮䉶䊮䊃
䈖䉖䉋䈒
mixed-sex bath
ᷙᶎ
䈘䈇䈸
wallet
⽷Ꮣ
䈘䈏䈜
to look for, search for
ត䈜
䈘䈠䉍
scorpion
⳩
䉰䊗䊁䊮
cactus
䉰䊗䊁䊮
䈘䉖䈎䈒
triangle
ਃⷺ
䈘䉖䈐䉆䈒
tripod
ਃ⣉
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
Santa Claus
䉰䊮䉺䉪䊨䊷䉴
䉰䊮䉻䊦
sandals
䉰䊮䉻䊦
䈙䉖䈰䉖
unfortunate
ᱷᔨ
䉳䊷䊌䊮
denim pants, jeans
䉳䊷䊌䊮
䈛䈋䈇䈢䈇
self defense force
⥄ⴡ㓌
䈚䈎䈒
square
྾ⷺ
䈛䈚䉊
a dictionary
ㄉᦠ
䈚䈝䈎
quiet
㕒䈎
䈚䈝䈎
quiet, silent; still
㕒䈎
䉲䉴䊁䊛䈩䈤䉊䈉
appointment book
䉲䉴䊁䊛ᚻᏭ
䈚䈢
tongue
⥠
䈛䈬䈉䈲䉖䈳䈇䈐
vending machine
⥄േ⽼ᄁᯏ
䉲䊄䊆䊷
Sydney (Australia)
䉲䊄䊆䊷
䈛䉆䈅
long version of 䈛䉆 (well, then)
䈛䉆䈅
䈘
䈚
the glossaries J-E
䈛䉆䈏䈇䉅
potato
䈛䉆䈏䈇䉅
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
jacket
䉳䊞䉬䉾䊃
䈚䉆䈚䉖
photograph
౮⌀
䈚䉆䈚䉖䉇
film shop
౮⌀ደ
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
hiccups
䈚䉆䈦䈒䉍
䉲䊞䊪䊷
shower
䉲䊞䊪䊷
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
champagne
䉲䊞䊮䊌䊮
䈚䉈䈉䈞䈇䈋䈐
correction fluid
ୃᱜᶧ
䈚䉈䈛䉈䈧
surgery
ᚻⴚ
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈒䈞䈇
elementary school student
ዊቇ↢
䈚䉊䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
elementary school
ዊቇᩞ
䈚䉍䈧
private
⑳┙
䈚䉍䈧
municipal (public)
Ꮢ┙
䈚䉐䊪䉟䊮
white wine
⊕䊪䉟䊮
䈚䉖䈚䉆
a new car
ᣂゞ
䈚䉖䈛䉈䈒䈋䈐
Shinjuku station (train)
ᣂኋ㚞
䈚䉖䈞䈧
kind, warm-hearted, friendly
ⷫಾ
䈛䉖䉁䈚䉖
hives, rash
⭄㤗∐
䈚䉖䉉䈉
best friend
ⷫ෹
䈜䈇䈫䈉
canteen
᳓╴
䉴䊷䊌䊷
supermarket
䉴䊷䊌䊷
䈜䈐䈮 䈭䉎
to come to like
ᅢ䈐䈮䈭䉎
䈜䈓
right away, immediately
䈜䈓
䈜䈗䈇
amazing, great, wow
ಌ䈇
䈝䈧䈉
headache
㗡∩
䉴䊃䊨䊷
straw
䉴䊃䊨䊷
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
sneakers
䉴䊆䊷䉦䊷
䈜䉃
to live (in a place)
૑䉃
䈜
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䈞
䈞䈐
cough
ຕ
䈞䈐䈬䈉
equator
⿒㆏
䉷䊛䉪䊥䉾䊒
paperclip
䉷䊛䉪䊥䉾䊒
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
tape (cellophane)
䉶䊨䊁䊷䊒
䈞䉖䈚䉆
tank
ᚢゞ
䈞䉖䈜䈇䈎䉖
submarine
ẜ᳓⦘
䈞䉖䈠䈉
war
ᚢ੎
䈞䉖䈢䈒
laundry
ᵞữ
䈞䉖䈢䈒䈐
washing machine
ᵞữᯏ
䈞䉖䈫䈉䈐
war aircraft
ᚢ㑵ᯏ
䈟䉖䈹
all
ోㇱ
䈠䈉䈛
cleaning
᝹㒰
䈠䈱䈫䈐
that time
䈠䈱ᤨ
䉸䊐䉜䊷
sofa
䉸䊐䉜䊷
䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃
diet
䉻䉟䉣䉾䊃
䈢䈇䈍䉖䈔䈇
thermometer (for body)
૕᷷⸘
䈣䈇䈏䈒
college, university
ᄢቇ
䈣䈇䈏䈒䈞䈇
college student
ᄢቇ↢
䈣䈇䈛䉊䈉䈹
all right, safe
ᄢਂᄦ
䈢䈇䈞䈇䉋䈉
Atlantic Ocean
ᄢ⷏ᵗ
䈢䈇䈻䈇䉋䈉
Pacific Ocean
ᄥᐔᵗ
䈣䈎䉌
therefore, for that reason
䈣䈎䉌
䈢䈒䈘䉖
a lot, many
ᴛጊ
䉺䉪䉲䊷
taxi
䉺䉪䉲䊷
䉺䉪䉲䊷䈱䉍䈳
taxi stand
ਸ਼䉍႐
䈢䈔
bamboo
┻
䈠
䈢
the glossaries J-E
䈣䈔
only
䈣䈔
䈢䉖䈗
vocabulary, words
න⺆
䈣䉖䈭䈘䉖
husband
ᣤ㇊䈘䉖
䈣䉖䉐
fireplace
ᥦἹ
䈤
blood
ⴊ
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
check-out
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉝䉡䊃
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
check-in
䉼䉢䉾䉪䉟䊮
䈤䈏䈉
to be wrong; to be different
㆑䈉
䈤䈎䈚䈧
basement
࿾ਅቶ
䈤䈤
my father
ῳ
䉼䉾䊒
tip (for services)
䉼䉾䊒
䈤䉆䉖䈫
properly
䈤䉆䉖䈫
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈒䈞䈇
junior high student
ਛቇ↢
䈤䉈䈉䈏䈦䈖䈉
junior high school
ਛቇᩞ
䈤䉈䈉䈎䉍䉊䈉䉍
Chinese cooking (food)
ਛ⪇ᢱℂ
䈤䉈䈉䈖䈚䉆
used car
ਛฎゞ
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆
a shot
ᵈ኿
䈤䉈䈉䈚䉆䈛䉊䈉
parking lot
㚢ゞ႐
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
tulips
䉼䊠䊷䊥䉾䊒
䈤䉊䈉䈤䉊䈉
butterfly
༆༆
䈤䉊䈉䈾䈉䈔䈇
rectangle
㐳ᣇᒻ
䈤䉊䈐䉖䈳䈖
piggy bank
⾂㊄▫
䈧䈉䈐䉖
commuting to work
ㅢൕ
䈧䈎䈇䈜䈩䉦䊜䊤
disposable camera
૶䈇ᝥ䈩䉦䊜䊤
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
not fun, not interesting
䈧䉁䉌䈭䈇
䈤
䈧
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䈩
䊁䉞䊷䉲䊞䉿
T-shirt
䊁䉞䊷䉲䊞䉿
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄
Disneyland
䊂䉞䉵䊆䊷䊤䊮䊄
䈩䈏䉂
a letter
ᚻ⚕
䈪䈐䉎
to be able to do, can do, make
಴᧪䉎
䈪䈚䉊䈉
right?, probably
䈪䈚䉊䈉
䊁䉴䊃 / 䈚䈔䉖
test
䊁䉴䊃 / ⹜㛎
䈪䉖䈐
electricity
㔚᳇
䈩䉖䈐䉖
a transfer (job)
ォൕ
䈩䉖䈐䉖䈮䈭䉎
to be transferred
ォൕ䈮䈭䉎
䈩䉖䈛䉊䈉
ceiling
ᄤ੗
䈪䉖䈤
batteries
㔚ᳰ
䈩䉖䈫䈉䉃䈚
lady bug
䈩䉖䈫䈉⯻
䈩䉖䈱䈉䈻䈇䈎
emperor
ᄤ⊞㒨ਅ
䈪䉖䉒䈣䈇
telephone bill
㔚⹤ઍ
䊄䉝
door
䊄䉝
䊄䉟䉿
Germany
䊄䉟䉿
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃䊕䊷䊌䊷
toilet paper
䊃䉟䊧䉾䊃䊕䊷䊌䊷
䈬䈉
how; what
䈬䈉
䊃䊷䉴䊃
toast
䊃䊷䉴䊃
䈬䈒䈚䉖
single, unmarried
⁛り
䈫䈖䉐
place
ᚲ
䈫䈚䉊䈎䉖
library
࿑ᦠ㙚
䈬䈤䉌
where, which and who (polite)
䈬䈤䉌
䈬䈦䈤
which (of two) informal
䈬䈦䈤
䊃䊅䉦䉟
reindeer
䊃䊅䉦䉟
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
screwdriver
䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇
how long; how much (time, money)
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䇮䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
about how long?; how much?
䈬䉏䈓䉌䈇䇮䈬䈱䈓䉌䈇
䊄䊧䉴
dress
䊄䊧䉴
䈫
the glossaries J-E
acorns
࿅ᩙ
䈭䈏䈇
long
䈭䈏䈇
䈭䈎䉉䈶
middle finger
ਛᜰ
䈭䈒䈜
to lose
ή䈒䈜
䈭䈧䉇䈜䉂
summer break (vacation)
ᄐભ䉂
䈭䈮䉅
anything, nothing
૗䉅
䈭䈼
pots and pans
㍿
䈭䉂䈣
tears
ᶡ
䈭䉎
to become, be
䈭䉎
䈭䉖䈎䈕䈧
how many months
૗䊱᦬
䈭䉖䈐䉊䈒
South Pole
ධᭂ
䈭䉖䈛䈎䉖
how many hours
૗ᤨ㑆
䈭䉖䈚䉈䈉䈎䉖
how many weeks
૗ㅳ㑆
䈭䉖䈪
why?
䈭䉖䈪
䈭䉖䈮䈤
how many days
૗ᣣ
䈭䉖䈰䉖
how many years
૗ᐕ
䈭䉖䈰䉖䈞䈇
what year of school?, what grade?
૗ᐕ↢
䈮䈐䈶
pimple
䈮䈐䈶
䈮䈤䈛䉊䈉
normal, everyday, ordinary
ᣣᏱ
䈮䈾䉖䈎䈇
Japan Sea
ᣣᧄᶏ
䈮䉒
garden, yard
ᐸ
䈮䉒䈫䉍
a chicken, a hen; a cock
㢚
䊈䉧
negative
䊈䉧
䈰䈛
screws
䈰䈛
䈬䉖䈓䉍
䈭
䈮
䈰
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䈱
saw
㍍
䊊䊷䊃
heart
䊊䊷䊃
䈲䈇
lungs
⢖
䈲䈇䈚䉆
dentist
ᱤක⠪
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
high heels
䊊䉟䊍䊷䊦
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃
pilot
䊌䉟䊨䉾䊃
䈲䈎
grave
Ⴤ
䈳䈒䈣䉖
bomb
῜ᒢ
䊋䉬䉿
bucket
䊋䉬䉿
䈲䈖
box
▫
䈲䈚䈗
ladder
䈲䈚䈗
䈲䈛䉁䉎
to start, to begin
ᆎ䉁䉎
䈲䈛䉄䈩
first time
ೋ䉄䈩
䈲䈛䉄䉎
to originate, start, begin
ᆎ䉄䉎
䊋䉴䈩䈇
bus stop
䊋䉴஗
䈲䈣䈎
naked
⵻
䈲䈢䉌䈒
to work
௛䈒
䈳䈦䈢
grasshopper
䈳䈦䈢
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
car battery
䊋䉾䊁䊥䊷
䈲䈭䈒䈠
booger
㥦䈒䈠
䊌䊅䉸䊆䊷
an imaginary company
䊌䊅䉸䊆䊷
䈲䈭䉂䈝
snot
㥦᳓
䈲䈲
my mother
Უ
䈲䉇䈒
quickly, fast, hurry up!
ᣧ䈒
䈲䉇䈒䈤䈖䈫䈳
tongue twister
ᣧญ⸒⪲
䈲䉌䈉
to pay
ᛄ䈉
䈲䉎䉇䈜䉂
spring break (vacation)
ᤐભ䉂
䈳䉖
evening
᥅
䊊䊮䉧䊷
hanger
䊊䊮䉧䊷
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
handicap
䊊䊮䊂䉞䉨䊞䉾䊒
䈱䈖䈑䉍
䈲
the glossaries J-E
343
hammer
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䊏䉝䉴
pierced earrings
䊏䉝䉴
䈵䈒䈇
low, short in height; flat
ૐ䈇
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪
picnic
䊏䉪䊆䉾䉪
䈵䈕
beard
㜯
䈵䈚䉊
a secretary
⒁ᦠ
䈵䈛䉊䈉䈓䈤
emergency exit
㕖Ᏹญ
䊏䉴䊃䊦
pistol
䊏䉴䊃䊦
䊎䉺䊚䊮
vitamins
䊎䉺䊚䊮
䈵䈬䈇
terrible
㉃䈇
䈵䈫䈘䈚䉉䈶
index finger
ੱᏅ䈚ᜰ
䈵䈫䉍䈪
by yourself, alone
৻ੱ䈪
䈵䉁䉒䉍
sunflower
ะᣣ⫓
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
buffet
䊎䊠䉾䊐䉢
䈶䉊䈉䈐
sick
∛᳇
䊐䉜䉟䊦 䉨䊞䊎䊈䉾䊃
file cabinet
䊐䉜䉟䊦 䉨䊞䊎䊈䉾䊃
䊐䉜䊮
a fan
䊐䉜䊮
䊐䉞䊦䊛
film
䊐䉞䊦䊛
䊑䊷䉬
bouquet
䊑䊷䉬
䈸䈉䈞䉖
balloon
㘑⦁
䊒䊷䊦
swimming pool
䊒䊷䊦
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
folder
䊐䉤䊦䉻䊷
䈸䈒䈙䈧
complicated, intricate, complex, difficult
ⶄ㔀
䈸䈢䉍䈼䉇
a room for two
ੑੱㇱደ
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖
real estate
ਇേ↥
䈸䈬䈉䈘䉖䉇䈘䉖
real estate agent/broker
ਇേ↥ደ䈘䉖
䈸䉂䈐䉍
railroad crossing
〯䉂ಾ䉍
䈸䉉䉇䈜䉂
winter break (vacation)
౻ભ䉂
䊊䊮䊙䊷
䈵
䈸
344
YesJapan.com
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
frying pan
䊐䊤䉟䊌䊮
䊑䊤䉲
brush
䊑䊤䉲
䊒䊤䉴䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
Phillips screwdriver
䊒䊤䉴䊄䊤䉟䊋
䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫
programming
䊒䊨䉫䊤䊚䊮䉫
䊐䊨䊮䊃
front desk
䊐䊨䊮䊃
䈹䉖䉀䈉
grammar
ᢥᴺ
䊕䊷䉳
page
㗁
䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒
pet shop
䊕䉾䊃䉲䊢䉾䊒
䊔䊦 / 䈜䈝
bell
䊔䊦
䊕䊮䉨
paint
䊕䊮䉨
䈼䉖䈐䉊䈉
study, studies
ീᒝ
䈼䉖䈗䈚
lawyer
ᑯ⼔჻
䈼䉖䉍
convenient, handy, useful
ଢ೑
䈾䈉䈢䈇
bandage, dressing
൮Ꮺ
䈾䈉䈤䉊䈉
kitchen knife
൮ৼ
䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟(䉕) 䈜䉎
to stay at someone's house
䊖䊷䊛䉴䊁䉟(䉕) 䈜䉎
䊌䊮䉼
hole puncher
䊌䊮䉼
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
ball pen
䊗䊷䊦䊕䊮
䊗䉺䊮
button
䊗䉺䊮
䈾䈦䈐䉊䈒
North Pole
ർᭂ
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
stapler
䊖䉾䉼䉨䉴
䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮
popcorn
䊘䉾䊒䉮䊷䊮
䈾䈬䈉
sidewalk
ᱠ㆏
䈾䈫䉖䈬
almost all, the majority
ᱴ䈬
䈾䈰
bone
㛽
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
Polaroid
䊘䊤䊨䉟䊄
䈻
/ ㋈
䈾
the glossaries J-E
book store
ᧄደ
䊙䉟䉬䊦䉳䊞䉪䉸䊮
Michael Jackson
䊙䉟䉬䊦䉳䊞䉪䉸䊮
䊙䉟䊅䉴䊄䊤䉟䊋䊷
flathead (standard) screwdriver
䊙䉟䊅䉴䊄䊤䉟䊋
䉁䈋䈳
front teeth
೨ᱤ
䉁䈢
again
෶
䉁䈢 䈅䈫䈪
again later
෶ᓟ䈪
䉁䈤
a town
↸
䉁䈧
to wait
ᓙ䈧
䊙䊄䊮䊅
Madonna
䊙䊄䊮䊅
䉁䈭䈇䈢
cutting board
䉁䈭᧼
䉁䉎
circle
ਣ
䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
large apartment, apartment house
䈾䉖䉇
䉁
䉂
䉂䈛䈎䈇
short in length
⍴䈇
䉂䈞䇮䈍䉂䈞
store
ᐫ䇮䈍ᐫ
䉂䈞䉎
to show
⷗䈞䉎
䉂䈧䈎䉎
to be found (passive)
⷗䈧䈎䉎
䉂䈧䈔䉎
to find (active)
⷗䈧䈔䉎
䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃
miniskirt
䊚䊆䉴䉦䊷䊃
䉂䉖䈭
everybody
⊝
䉃䈎䈚
long time ago
ᤄ
䉃䈚䈳
cavity
⯻ᱤ
䉃䈰
breasts
⢷
䉃
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䉄
䉄䈇䈚
nouns
ฬ⹖
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
Merry Christmas
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
䉄䉖䈞䈧
an interview
㕙ធ
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
hello (telephone only)
䊜䊥䊷䉪䊥䉴䊙䉴
䉅䈬䉎
to go, come back, return
ᚯ䉎
䉅䈱
thing(s)
‛
䉇䈎䉖
kettle
䉇䈎䉖
䉇䈚䈱䈐
palm tree
ᬔሶ䈱ᧁ
䉇䈜䉂
a day off, a break
ભ䉂
䉇䈰
roof
ደᩮ
䉉䈎
floor
ᐥ
䉉䈐䈣䉎䉁
snow man
㔐䈣䉎䉁
䉉䈶䉒
a ring (jewelry)
ᜰベ
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
Europe
䊣䊷䊨䉾䊌
䉋䈣䉏
slobber
ᶘ
䉋䉍
instead of
䉋䉍
rifle
䊤䉟䊐䊦
䉅
䉇
䉉
䉋
䉌
䊤䉟䊐䊦
the glossaries J-E
䊤䉳䉥
radio
䊤䉳䉥
䊤䉾䊒
rap music
䊤䉾䊒
䊤䉾䊒䊃䉾䊒
laptop computer
䊤䉾䊒䊃䉾䊒
䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫
running
䊤䊮䊆䊮䉫
䉍䈒䈓䉖
army
㒽ァ
䉍䈖䉖
divorce
㔌ᇕ
䉍䉊䈉䈾䈉
both (items or objects)
ਔᣇ
䉍䉊䈉䉄䉖䊁䊷䊒
two-sided tape
ਔ㕙䊁䊷䊒
room service
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
X-ray
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
䉐䈉䈠䈒
candle
ⱼῒ
䊨䉬䉾䊃
rocket
䊨䉬䉾䊃
䊨䉴
L.A.
䊨䉴
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
rose wine
䊨䉷䊪䉟䊮
䊪䉟䊮
wine
䊪䉟䊮
䉒䈎䈇
young
⧯䈇
䉒䈐䈱䈚䈢
armpit
䉒䈐䈱ਅ
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
one-piece dress
䊪䊮䊏䊷䉴
䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲䊢䊮
one-room apartment
䊪䊮䊦䊷䊛䊶䊙䊮䉲
䉍
䉎
䊦䊷䊛䉰䊷䊎䉴
䉏
䊧䊮䊃䉭䊮
䉐
䉒
347
348
YesJapan.com
349
Level 3 Kanji Requirements
(lesson-by-lesson reference)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
֚
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඾
‫ݝ‬
ఱ
ী
ၛ
ഛ
ႅ
ఆ
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ྴ
‫إ‬
ඵ
ส
࠮
ષ
ಎ
࢛
౳
ߗ
૩
ന
ව
ল
ঝ
२
߇
‫غ‬
‫ئ‬
઀
਀
੫
‫ܨ‬
୞
တ
୶
‫ڠ‬
৬
অ
਱
କ
ऒ
‫׫‬
௷
ঊ
ַ
‫ـ‬
୤
்
ࢷ
‫ٵ‬
ࡼ
ຐ
࿐
ֲ
૽
ႁ
୆
५
ࡂ
୒
ུ
ୃ
ޮ
჋
୷
߄
ാ
࿒
୼
ಖ
ฒ
໲
ා
௜
಴
ࡉ
ؐ
ಅ
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