UNIT 6
CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND
POLITICAL INSTITUTION
LESSON 5: EDUCATION
EDUCATION
- Is the process of facilitating
learning, or the acquisition of
knowledge, skills, values, beliefs,
and habits.
- Pedagogy is a method of
teaching.
Formal Education
- Is the process of training and developing people in
knowledge, skills, mind, and character in a structured
and certified program.
Informal Education
- Is a spontaneous process of helping people to learn.
It works through conversation and dialogue, and the
exploration and enlargement of experience.
- The learner often is unaware that he is having a
learning experience.
What do you
think is the role
of academic
institution?
What motivates
you to study?
Religion and Belief System
What religious
denomination do
you belong to?
RELIGION
Religion is a specific fundamental
set of beliefs and practices
generally agreed upon by a
number of persons or sects.
RELIGION
Religion is a set of beliefs concerning the
cause, nature, and purpose of the universe,
especially when considered as the creation of a
superhuman agency or agencies, usually
involving devotional and ritual observances,
and often containing a moral code governing
the conduct of human affairs.
INSTITUTIONALIZED RELIGION
Also known as Organized Religion
Is a social institution in which belief
systems and rituals are
systematically arranged and
formally established.
Is typically characterized by an
official doctrine, a hierarchal or
bureaucratic leadership
structure, and a codification of
rules and practices.
FEATURES OF INSTITUTIONALIZED
RELIGION
Beliefs
Religious beliefs are expressed in
the form of doctrines, articles of
faith and the like.
EXAMPLES
• Christians believe in the authority of
the Holy Bible
• Mormons based their beliefs in the
Book of Mormon
• Muslims adheres to the teachings of
the Koran
Symbols
Religious symbol is used to emphasize
the character and meaning of
supernatural forces and mysteries.
EXAMPLES
• Cross is to the Christians
• Crescent Moon is to the Muslims
• Wheel of Dharma is to Buddhism
Rituals
These included the offering of human
and non-human sacrifices, feasts,
dances, processionals, chanting, and
birth or death rites.
Also include prayer, song, and
meditation.
EXAMPLES
• Baptism for Christians
• Going to Church on Sundays
Magic and Supernatural Events
The employment of magic is
performed and the supernatural
occurrences employed in certain
aspects or circumstances.
EXAMPLES
• Magical rituals to ensure good
crops
• Magical rituals to cure illness
Hierarchy
Many religions are characterized
by hierarchical arrangement of
personnel.
EXAMPLE
Roman Catholic clergymen perform
administrative duties within the
church and its leader is the Pope, the
traditional successor of Apostle Peter.
Propitiation
The ritual is intimately connected with
the idea of propitiation which refers to
the behavior deemed pleasing to the
deity or gods.
EXAMPLE
In Romans 3:24-25 believers in Christ have
been “justified freely by His grace through
the redemption that is in Christ Jesus,
whom God set forth as a propitiation by
His blood, through faith, to demonstrate
His righteousness, because in His
forbearance God had passed over the sins
that were previously committed.”
WORLD RELIGION
ANIMISM
(from Latin anima ‘life, soul’ + -ism.)
• Is the religious
belief that
objects, places
and creatures all
possess a
distinct spiritual
essence.
Potentially, animism perceives all
things—animals, plants, rocks,
rivers, weather systems, human
handiwork and perhaps even
words—as animated and alive
HINDUISM
According to
historians,
the origin of Hinduism
dates back to 5,000
years or more.
Most Hindus adore one Being of
extreme unity (Brahman) through
interminable representations of
divine beings and goddesses. The
other gods in its godhead are
Vishnu, the Preserver, and Shiva, the
Destroyer.
BUDDHISM
a widespread Asian
religion or
philosophy, founded
by Siddhartha
Gautama in
northeastern India
in the 5th century
BC.
Buddhism is a tradition that focuses
on personal spiritual development.
Buddhists strive for a deep insight
into the true nature of life and do not
worship gods or deities
Buddhists seek to reach a state of
nirvana, following the path of
the Buddha, Siddhartha Gautama,
who went on a quest for
Enlightenment around the sixth
century BC.
ISLAM
An Abrahamic
monotheistic
religion teaching
that there is only
one God (Allah), and
that Muhammad is
the messenger of
God.
It is the world's second-largest
religion with over 1.8 billion
followers or 24% of the world's
population, most commonly known
as Muslims.
5 PILLARS OF FAITH
1. The Shahadah (Declaration of faith) - Trusting
and understanding the words of the Shahadha.
The shahadah means there is no other god
except Allah(one God) and Prophet Muhammad
is the messenger/prophet of Allah. The
shahadah can be recited when a person chooses
to convert to Islam as the words in the shahadah
are the key fundamental beliefs in Islam.
2. Prayer (Salah) - Praying five times a
day, kneeling towards Mecca. There
are specific ritualistic movements and
prayers that are said.
3. Fasting during the month
of Ramadan - Islamic Fasting is not
eating or drinking beverages when the
sun is out, only when the moon is out.
4. Charity or alms-giving (Zakat) - Each
year a Muslim should give money to
charity (Usually 2.5% of their savings).
If a person does not have much
money, they can give services to
others instead
5. Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca.
CHRISTIANITY
is a monotheistic faith based
on the life and teachings
of Jesus of Nazareth as
described in the New
Testament. Its adherents,
known as Christians, believe
that Jesus Christ is the Son
of God and savior of all
people, whose coming as
the Messiah was prophesied
in the Old Testament.
Most, but not all Christians get
baptized, celebrate the Lord's Supper,
pray the Lord's Prayer and other
prayers, read or listen to the Bible,
have clergy, and attend group worship
services.
Christians believe in a loving God who has
revealed himself and can be known in a
personal way, in this life. With Jesus Christ,
the person's focus is not on religious rituals
or performing good works, but on enjoying a
relationship with God and growing to know
him better. Faith in Jesus Christ himself, not
just in his teachings, is how the Christian
experiences joy and a meaningful life.
MONOTHEISM VS. POLYTHEISM
CRITERIA
MONOTHEISM
POLYTHEISM
DEFINITION
Belief in a singular
God
Belief of multiple
deities, gods and
goddesses
RELIGIONS
Zoroastrianism,
Christianity,
Judaism,
Islam,
Hinduism
COMMANDMENT
CONCERNING
WORSHIP
The One True God
Alone is to be
worshipped.
Jainism,
Buddhism,
Hinduism,
Shinto,
Taoism
There are numerous
deities, each worthy of
worship.
SEPARATION OF
STATE AND CHURCHES
HEALTH
 What is Health? Most people would define health
as “the absence of disease.” And in fact, if you
look up “health” in the Merriam-Webster
dictionary, you’ll find a very similar definition of
being sound in body , mind, or spirit, especially:
freedom from physical disease or pain.
 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines as
“a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity”
BASIC CONDITIONS
NECESSARY FOR
MAINTAINING GOOD
HEALTH
1. PROPER DIET
For keeping good health, we should
take a balanced diet containing
required amount of essential nutrients
like proteins, vitamins, etc.
2.PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC HYGIENE
 A) To keep good health, a person should clean his
body regularly by bath. Once should also change
clothes regularly.
 B) We should wash our hands thoroughly with
soap and water before eating food and also after
going on a diet.
 C) The food should be kept away from the reach of
flies and other insects. The utensils used for
cooking and food service should also be kept
clean.
3.CLEAN FOOD, WATER, AND AIR
 A) For keeping good health, we should wash the
food grains, fruits and vegetables with clean water
before using them.
 B) For those who are using deep well, filter and
boil the water before drinking to make it clean and
eliminate the disease-causing bacteria.
 C) Pure air is necessary for keeping good health.
We should use well ventilated places for work and
living to avoid air pollution.
4. REGULAR PHYSICAL EXERCISE AND WALK
 Is also necessary to keep the body fit and remain
healthy. Getting the appropriate amount of
exercise benefits nearly of a person’s health.
 Not only does exercise help control weight, It also
improves mental health, mood, chances of living
longer, and the strength of your bones and
muscles.
5.HAVE REGULAR SLEEP
 According to the National Sleep Foundation,
“Humans, like all animals, need sleep, along with
food, water and oxygen, to survive. For humans sleep
is a vital indicator of overall health and well being.
We spend up to one-third of our lives asleep.”
HOW MUCH SLEEP DO WE NEED EVERY DAY?
 A) School age children (6- 13):




Sleep range 9-11 hours
B) Teenager (14-17):
Sleep range 8-10 hours
C) Younger adults (18-25):
Sleep range 7-9 hours
D) Adults (26-64):
Sleep range 7-9 hours
E) Older adults (65+):
Sleep range 7-8 hours
6. RELAXATION

While there are no specific guidelines for
how much relaxation we need, Mental
Health America suggest that people
“should incorporate into their lifestyle,
making time to unwind and enjoy life as
an important part of maintaining good
health.”
7. Avoid bad habits or vices
To keep your good health, you should
avoid smoking tobacco, chewing
tobacco, drinking alcohol or taking
drugs.
The use of these substances can have
serious effects on the mind and body.
MEDICAL PLURALISM
 Is the adoption of more than one medical
system, or the simultaneous integration of
both orthodox medicines with complementary
and alternative medicine.
CULTURE-SPECIFIC SYNDROME AND ILLNESS
 BUGHAT “bughat” or “binat” is the term used to
refer to the ailments (headache, chills, body pains
etc.)
 USOG/BUYAG Filipino superstition that
attributes an illness to the greeting of a stranger.
It is believed that young children are susceptible
to USOG.
FOLK MEDICINE
 Phenomena in which physical illness appear to
be cured by means other than those of drugs,
surgery, manipulations, recognized
psychological methods or common sense.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
 Consist of a wide range of health care
practices, products, and therapies.