BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TERMINOLOGIES
STAKE - ARE WOODEN STICKS USED AS POSTS SHARPENED AT ONE END, DRIVEN INTO THE
GROUND TO SERVE AS BOUNDARIES OR SUPPORT OF THE BATTER BOARDS.
ESTAKA- KAHOY NA PAHABA, GINAMIT BILANG MGA POSTE NA MAYROONG ISANG MATALIM
NA DULO, BINABAON SA LUPA UPANG MAGSILBING MGA HANGGANAN O SUPORTA NG MGA BATTER
BOARD.
STRING - A NYLON CORD USUALLY STRUNG TIGHTLY ACROSS THE OUTLINE OF THE BUILDING
WALL, FOUNDATION AND IN LANDSCAPING TO LEVEL THE GROUND. THIS INDICATE BOTH DIRECTION
AND ELEVATION USED IN CHECKING GRADES OR DEVIATIONS IN SLOPES OR RISES.
TANSI- ISANG NYLON CORD NA KARANIWANG NAKATALI NANG MAHIGPIT SA BALANGKAS NG
PADER O GUSALI, PUNDASYON AT SA LANDSCAPING UPANG I-LEVEL ANG LUPA. IPINAPAHIWATIG NITO
ANG PAREHONG DIREKSYON AT TAAS NA GINAGAMIT SA PAGSURI NG MGA MARKA O PAGLIHIS O
PAGTAAS NG LUPA.
PLUMB BOB- A PLUMB BOB IS A POINTED WEIGHT THAT IS ATTACHED AT THE END OF A STRING
USED TO FIND A PLUMB VERTICAL REFERENCE LINE.
HULOG- ANG HULOG AY ISANG MATULIS NA PABIGAT NA NAKAKABIT SA DULO NG ISANG TANSI
NA GINAGAMIT UPANG MALAMAN KUNG TUWID ANG LINYA NG IBABAW.
LEVEL BAR- DEVICE FOR ESTABLISHING A HORIZONTAL PLANE. IT CONSISTS OF A SMALL GLASS
TUBE CONTAINING ALCOHOL OR SIMILAR LIQUID AND AN AIR BUBBLE; THE TUBE IS SEALED AND FIXED
HORIZONTALLY IN A WOODEN OR METALLIC BLOCK OR FRAME WITH A SMOOTH LOWER SURFACE. THE
GLASS TUBE IS SLIGHTLY BOWED, AND ADJUSTMENT TO THE HORIZONTAL IS INDICATED BY MOVEMENT
OF THE BUBBLE.
LEBEL- PARA SA PAGTUKOY NG TUNAY NA PAHALANG O PATAYONG DIREKSYON SA
PAMAMAGITAN NG PAGSENTRO NG ISANG BULA SA ISANG BAHAGYANG NAKAYUKONG GLASS TUBE NA
MAY ALKOHOL O ETER; ANG TUBO AY SELYADO AT NAAYOS NANG PAHALANG SA ISANG KAHOY O
METAL NA FRAME NA MAY MAKINIS NA ILALIM. ANG GLASS TUBE AY BAHAGYANG NAKAYUKO, AT ANG
PAGSASAAYOS SA PAHALANG AY IPINAHIWATIG NG PAGGALAW NG BULA.
STIRRUPS- A STIRRUP REFERS TO A EN-CLOSED STEEL LOOP THAT ADDS ADDITIONAL
REINFORCEMENT TO BARS AND BEAMS IN CONSTRUCTION TO KEEP THEM FROM DEFORMING OR
COLLAPSING UNDER THE PROJECT’S WEIGHT.
ANILYO- ANG ISANG ANILYO AY ISANG PASARADONG BAKAL NA NAGBIBIGAY NG
KARAGDAGANG LAKAS SA MGA BAKAL AT BEAM SA KONSTRUKSYON UPANG MAIWASAN ANG
DEFORMING O PAGBAGSAK NG BIGAT SA ILALIM NG PROYEKTO.
TYPES OF STIRRUPS
POST- REFERS TO A PIECE OF TIMBER OF EITHER CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE OR OTHER
GEOMETRICAL CROSS SECTION PLACED VERTICALLY TO SUPPORT A BUILDING; A VERTICAL SUPPORT
THAT IS NOT CONTINUOUS FROM STOREY TO STOREY IS ALSO CALLED POST.
POSTE- ISANG PIRASO NG TROSO, ALINMAN SA CYLINDRICAL, SQUARE O IBA PANG
GEOMETRICAL CROSS SECTION NA INILALAGAY NANG PATAYO UPANG SUPORTAHAN ANG ISANG
GUSALI; ANG ISANG MIYEMBRO NG SUPORTA NA HINDI TULOY-TULOY MULA SA ISANG PALAPAG
HANGGANG SA SUNOD NA PALAPAG AY TINATAWAG NA POSTE.
COLUMN = REFERS TO A VERTICAL STRUCTURE USED TO SUPPORT A BUILDING MADE OF
STONE, CONCRETE, STEEL OR THE COMBINATION OF THAT DIFFERENT MATERIALS. A VERTICAL SUPPORT
THAT IS CONTINUOUS FROM STOREY TO STOREY OF A BUILDING.
HALIGI- ISANG PATAYONG ISTRAKTURA NA GINAMIT UPANG SUPORTAHAN ANG ISANG GUSALI
NA GAWA SA BATO, KONGKRETO, BAKAL O ANG PAGSASAMA NG GANITONG IBA'T IBANG MATERYALES.
ISANG PATAYONG SUPORTA NA PATULOY MULA SA ISANG PALAPAG HANGGANG SA SUNOD NA
PALAPAG NG ISANG GUSALI.
TYPES OF COLUMNS
CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS ACCORDING TO TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT USED:
1. TIED COLUMN
2. SPIRAL COLUMN
3. COMPOSITE COLUMN
4. COMBINED COLUMN
5. LALLY COLUMN
TIED COLUMN
TIED COLUMN HAS REINFORCEMENT CONSISTING OF
VERTICAL OR LONGITUDINAL BARS HELD IN POSITION BY LATERAL
REINFORCEMENT CALLED LATERAL TIES.
SPIRAL COLUMN
CIRCULAR CONCRETE CORE IS ENCLOSED BY SPIRALS WITH VERTICAL OR
LONGITUDINAL BARS. THE VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT IS PROVIDED WITH
EVENLY SPACED CONTINUOUS SPIRAL HELD FIRMLY IN POSITION BY AT LEAST
THREE VERTICAL BAR SPACERS. THE COLUMN REINFORCEMENT IS ALSO
PROTECTED BY A CONCRETE COVERING CAST MONOLITHICALLY WITH THE CORE.
COMPOSITE COLUMN
COMPOSITE COLUMN IS ANOTHER TYPE OF CIRCULAR
COLUMN WHERE STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMN IS EMBEDDED INTO
THE CONCRETE CORE OF A SPIRAL COLUMN.
COMBINED COLUMN
A COLUMN WITH STRUCTURAL STEEL ENCASED IN
CONCRETE REINFORCED WITH WIRE MESH SURROUNDING
THE COLUMN’S OUTER SURFACE OF THE CONCRETE
COVERING.
LALLY COLUMN
IS A FABRICATED POST MADE OF STEEL
PIPE PROVIDED WITH A PLAIN FLAT STEEL BARS
OR PLATE WHICH HOLD A GIRDER, GIRTS OR
BEAM. THE STEEL PIPE IS SOMETIMES FILLED
WITH GROUT ·OR CONCRETE FOR ADDITIONAL
STRENGTH AND PROTECTION FROM RUST OR
CORROSION.