Exam 3 Review NUTR 104
Chapter 7 Alcohol
Does drinking too much alcohol interfere with the absorption of several vitamins and minerals? YES
Does long term alcohol consumption contribute to malnutrition? YES
Does the human body store alcohol? NO
A standard drink is defined as? contains roughly 14 grams of pure alcohol, which is found in: 12 ounces of
regular beer, which is usually about 5% alcohol. 5 ounces of wine, which is typically about 12% alcohol. 1.5
ounces of distilled spirits, which is about 40% alcohol.
Does alcohol require digestion? NO
Dose alcohol travel through the lymphatic system before entering the blood stream? NO
What vitamin is required in the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway to metabolize alcohol? Niacin
Where is alcohol metabolized and where does most absorption occur? Small intestine into veins to liver
What enzyme metabolizes alcohol in the stomach? ADH and ALDH
Does is take several hours for alcohol to reach the brain? No – 5 minutes
Does too much alcohol interfere with the body’s ability to metabolized drugs? yes
Chapter 8 Metabolism
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Aerobic metabolism and components - Aerobic metabolism is part of cellular respiration and involves
your cells making energy through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport/oxidative
phosphorylation. There is detailed chemistry involved in how the body produces energy for exercise.
Molecule that is the Gateway for Aerobic Metabolism - Acetyl CoA
Site of Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism
Examples of catabolic and anabolic reactions
Process of Glycolysis
The stage of the metabolic process that generates the most ATP’s (you do not need to know the
number of ATP’s)
Which nutrients have the ability to convert to glucose
Body’s primary source of fuel - Carbohydrates
Function of Creatine phosphate
Production of lactate
Metabolic Fate of Energy Producing NutrientsWhich components of the triglyceride molecule is ketogenic /glucogenic
Ketogensis and Ketoacidosis
Cori cycle
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Beta Oxidation
Role of the Electron Transport Chain - to transfer energy from the electron carriers to even more ATP
molecules, the "batteries" which power work within the cell.
Summary of Metabolic Process Table 8.4-page 300
Metabolism during Feasting and Fasting Table 8.5 page 305
Genetic Disorders of Metabolism Table 8.6 page 306
Chapter 14 Energy Balance and Body Composition
 1 lb. of body fat=3500 Kcal/ Excess kcalories required to gain weight
 How is excess energy stored in the body - Excess glucose beyond what the body needs for immediate
energy is converted into glycogen, a storage form of carbohydrate, or converted into fat and stored
in body fat cells.
 Requirements for Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) - by adding four numbers together: basal
metabolic rate, thermic effect of feeding, exercise energy expenditure, and non-exercise activity
thermogenesis.
 Know the TEE, TEF, and NEAT
 Know the difference between BMR and RMR - While BMR is a minimum number of calories required
for basic functions at rest, RMR — also called resting energy expenditure (REE) — is the number of
calories that your body burns while it's at rest.
 Factors considered when using the Harris Benedict equation - gender, body weight, height, and age.
 Components of Energy Expenditure:
1. basal metabolism
2. physical activity
3. thermic effect of food
4. adaptive thermogenesis
 Know the factors affecting the BMR o
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Muscle mass. The amount of muscle tissue on your body. ...
Age. As you get older, your metabolic rate generally slows. ...
Body size. ...
Gender. ...
Genetics. ...
Physical activity. ...
Hormonal factors. ...
Environmental factors.
BMI- what is considered overweight, underweight and acceptable - < less than 18.5, is underweight
range. 18.5 to 24.9, is normal or Healthy Weight range. If your BMI is 25.0 to 29.9, it falls within the
overweight range. If your BMI is 30.0 or higher, = obese range.
Healthy/Acceptable Weight Circumference for men and women - For men, a waist circumference
below 94cm (37in) is 'low risk', 94–102cm (37-40in) is 'high risk' and more than 102cm (40in) is 'very
high'. For women, below 80cm (31.5in) is low risk, 80–88cm (31.5-34.6in) is high risk and more than
88cm (34.6in) is very high.
Know the difference between android and gynoid obesity and why does one of those increase the risk
of chronic diseases - Obesity of the male (android) type shows a dominant visceral and upper
thoracic distribution of adipose tissue, whereas in the feminine (gynecoid) type adipose tissue is
found predominantly in the lower part of the body (hips and thighs).
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Chapter 15Weight Management
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Define appetite, hunger, satiety, satiation
The nutrient considered the most satiating - PROTEIN
Cholecystokinin and peptide YY
Review the functions of Ghrelin and leptin - Leptin is a mediator of long-term regulation of energy
balance, suppressing food intake and thereby inducing weight loss. Ghrelin on the other hand is a
fast-acting hormone, seemingly playing a role in meal initiation.
 Define, know the health consequences, and treatment associated with eating disorders
 Eating Disorders are most common in which group of people - Teenage girls and young women
 Recommendations for moderate physical activity - 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity
and 2 days of muscle strengthening activity. at least 30 minutes of moderate physical activity every
day.
 Reasonable rate of weight loss & the key to successful weight loss – 1 to 2 pounds/week. Exercise
helps
 Hyperplasia and hypertrophy - Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of individual muscle
fibers, whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of muscle fibers.
 What occurs with the fat cells when an individual loses weight - fat cells shrink in size as their contents
are used for energy, but the number stays the same.
 The activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in men and women - In the 3 to 4 hours after exercise, muscle
and adipose tissue LPL activity increased significantly in men, whereas LPL activity remained
unchanged in women.
Question 5 (1 point)
Saved
Anabolic reactions combine smaller molecules into larger ones.
Question 5 options:
True
False
Question 6 (1 point)
Saved
Catabolic reactions break large molecules into smaller ones.
Question 6 options:
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True
False
Question 7 (1 point)
Saved
ATP is composed of all of the following except
Question 7 options:
ribose.
adenine.
three phosphate groups.
tyrosine.
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