COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
i
*TENSION
- -- - TEST*
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Aim: To d e.--t:eTm i ne ul-l;im(:\te, styess; of a me-f:a\ ·
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O.b, ect"t ve : To ~on du Ct'
-t:-ensi I e test o ri vavious metal specimen~ and
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d eteYm in e. fotlowi ni' oroPeY-8es : a.> Limi-b of pyopo-r-tional i~.
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h>ES- las-f;i c Limi-1:·
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c.> Y1et d s-tven( tl--i·
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d> l? 1-t:T m q-f:;-e stve n ~ th .
e) Youn,( 's modulus of e\ cts-e cT i:tf .
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f) fen:enta ~e
elon~a.tion-
(> reY-Cent<tR"'e -reduet-io n in
Ao.,11Ya+11~:
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a_yeq.
Tes+-in{' M a chi h e (_ UT M")
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c> VeYn ieY- ca. ti i peY
d> Sof-hoa re. io p/0-l
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StY€SS- Si:YQ in
c.t..Ltve
e> .Scqle.
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
•--
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Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
.Spedfic(l tions~ .
Machi ng
4) C'C\Pa cit\\.
Model
b)
u
I< N ( 40T)
:
400
~
UTI<- 40
i
Vol+a (e : 4+0 \I (AC)
c)
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Theo'r'-;{:
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The tEmsrle -f::es-t is ma;-c a.001ie d or>e,o f all med•,anict::t l i;-es-tsb) In -this i-es-t ~nds of -t:-es+ piece. ave fixed in-t:o g-rips cor>rieci;ed
4)
4:-0 ~
s-tv-afn in~ olevice a.nd +o a. (octd m eqsu yt n~ d evi c.e-
c) 1 f ,l-he
I
.
is smqtl e.nou!"h , -t:-he defm-m q-tfOh 0~
an~ -s,ol id is en-!JYellj el ct~+i c- An ~tf CQ\l 4 JefOYm e d. solid to f l\
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-re t-u 'rY> tO i tr S oYi ~ihQI fo-rm qs .soon as I oa. d is "f'emove.d · s-i~ev~
a p
Plied.
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l octd
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if the Io ct d is ioo laY-~e, +he mq-¼;eYia.1 ct:tn be d efo"(m ed pe'Yme~hil'J•
d) The. in i ti oJ pa, "rt Of -f::he ttr>si Oh tu-Yve whic.h ;s "'~ covera. b I e \J
i rn m e cl i o {el w
u.nload in~ is +eyrne d a.s II e.tas-t-k" c:1.nd. i-h e
'fest o.f the cuvve wh r ch 'fe. pyeserH:s -the rno.nneY ;n c.oh 1" c h so lid
underi (oes f> (as-tic deform ~t1on is-{e~ med a.s 11 plqs+ic.".
e) The stYess betot..0 wh1~h -\:-he ciefo-rm~-t:-ions- essen-l-iQtl\j. €h·tfvel ~
11-f-t-~Y
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u.
-the "'ma. -t;e >--i 4-I ·
f)
elas~)c ,•s !<nowt>
hy a. sudde n dYop in /oct d ind i cq-l:-f n .{' both 411 u. p per a n d ct l ow eJY
4eilcl point· HoUJ-evev, some ma-teYi ct Is do nbt t.x 1-, i b Ti ct s h a.-r('
'lti/d point·
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as the ~ield. ,S"tY-en.e---t:-h" of
lb some m a -{;eY i ~ I i-h e O n s e-c- of r l asti c d efo"("m q+i on is de n oted
d.Ye
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Durin g rtas1;ic. det°ormq-Hon., Qt la'r~ey e~-t:-ensTons s-traTh
naY-d eri fn £ ccrY> r ~nscttion does not ove~co me dec-rea s e. i n seciion cn,cl
-f;nllS
-che loa.d f)o_sses i,nrou rh q ma.xim~m a.nct-t:hen be~ins -t:o
dee,,,-ease .
h) Ai- above. siq,re -t:ne tt l.1 li-ima-t:e wen_~-t:h" r..vbi ch ts deft ned qs the yqtJ' b
of the toad on ihe Spec;rr-,eh it> wr{'in cd C'YOSS- sec·t}o nq/ O.'Y€Q, recneq s
~ m~im um Vi:tlu e, Furihe-r- /octdfne-- L011I even-tt!QltV
c ctUSe 1111ech'''
fO'Y ma rO n § rtt p4;t! rr e ·
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
3
f1 o ce. d u Ye ~
1:) Mectstt-re
-l:he
07r~
in~ I le 11 ~th
o. r> c¼
dTct.rY>eie Y of the s~ e.ci men· Th€. te~-¼J
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Ien ,r-t::-h of tu o.,~e sec-t:-To n C L1') w n t c.h ~ m t:i 'Y k ec{
ma.~ ~itl,e'Y be
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-f:.ne specimen with
q
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prese-t: punch lar) -t:he +t)t£tl len~-1:h of "the
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sp~ci met) (_L) .
~·) \\0SeY--t t\0e · specimen in-lo g--ri ps of t;he -beS-f:: mach ir> e q_nd.
stYl\ r h -mecguyrn( devfa_ tO i ,t tf'f" else corm ec+ i-l -f:;O
q tta. ~ 1-1
softu,a.'l'"e in arder iO rY\easure s-tr~tn vatu e~ ~ r tsel f·
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3·) Be.~in f-ne load. aDDliCation and y-e~rd lo ctd veysus e tong-a ti ol'\ da-t:a. ·
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't-) T d. f<
e -re~d i n,e-s
5-)Met:tSUYe
mo'Y'e
fyett,uen-l:-ly a.s t.Jield. poin-!: is
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~lon~a,&-ion values wi.f:h-the, he-Ip of
~-) coo-1:;inue the,
-1::,~St
Q
opr-~~ c.h ed-
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J(vide-r-..s a.nd
Q.
Yu ler -
.(;ill -frac4:-u'V'€ . o~cUYS·
bYoken halves of -t:he specimen -lo~e-theY .,
11·) Bu..., i"inin~
- .J.-ht +c.oo
rneasl.1 re -the +inlll \ene--!-h a.n d cfr a.mete Y of s pe ci rn en •
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· 'DescYi ption of LJTM :
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Loadint" Unii:- J-1: marnly,, c:.onsis-f: o.f hudYctulic c~linder ~ i t h -robu s ~
bctse
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inside. The Dr s-i:o t> UJbich moves
b4 e.let-l:;'ric
rr, o+oY
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-+ ,he scrretD
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a.n ol JoLOh
U..P
c.h a.i n
J Y1ven
which is fi i.-¼:ed on left ha.nd side. -
column mainto.ihed in -ch~ base. cah be YO~-t;e.d
above atYqn.remeni o+ cho_Tn . Each
nU.t t.0h i ~h i.s f-i -tted in -ch e to r..oeY
col Lt lYl n 1>, ctSS e.s
C'roSS
1...t.s in~
-t:-h v o ll !' h -the m<l in
he.a.d ·
ce,mected -1:o main pi-9i0n -l:hY~U !'" h ab ct 11 ctnd the
bq 11 seed: is i o i ned i6 ens u ve a..')(rC\I loadi" e" · -rheY€ is a.. cenne c.,:;i on
b(W I b we.,v- +able qnd unnPY hea.d qssernbly -l:hc:t-l- mc:1v ~ u.p a.nd do u:> h
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The toUJeY -t-Qble
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i-l-h mo.in ois-tot'\ .
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measuremet'J-t: o-t- .J:-his a.~sembl';I is cq 'Y'Yi e d out by nun, ber- of
bea r1 n 2"S t.0 h i ch -.S'lides over- i-he columns.
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PU NE
•
~...._~,~
--
Wellesly Road , Shivajlnagar, Pune - 411 005
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teS t
SPe.c.imen
Q.ctd1
fi,<e d in the job
is l'\'nt>LDO Q.S
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To fi,e. ~P the s l!>ecime n i-1' ~h-t:l ';i J
a.cll ieve d
he \i 00.t\4 b;1
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+he
(Y)o\/e.
11
Ja.cK Jo b'' · I
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C.on t:YOI ra.nel ·.-)It
foy
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of oil -t:o.r>I~ hav r h~
h ud yq td i c oi I !eve \ si.~h-t ~ lc:::t .SS
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che .cki n( -t::he oil leve l· The pum p is disp
ta.c emt .n-l ¾1pe
pum p
of
ho.v in~ fYe.e p\ ur, ~e-r-s . i;-hose
ht~ h pYe. s.su-re..
e. nsu. re
-fo y
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c.o n -ti n u (t-c n
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is ff')(ed -to -8,e -l-ctnKfYOYY> bo HoY'f'I ·Th e su c-tio h q
d.e..tt ve'ru 'lq.lve a. Y-e +i-t:.t.e.d {o -t:-he PLLm P neo..Y -t:,a..nk E. t e c..-\:."r i <1
a
mo ~y d•riVeh
the PUrY lt>iS m oun te cf on tcu r -s'tU ds w hi
rs
c.h
f-i-l:-ted on -t:-he Y-i _
( 'n+ side of -che t;<J..n I<•
~ Thev-e.. is cth ~'r'Y a.n~ e.mt n-t:
for tocs in e (o'Y) titf' hte ntn ,!I of -the
v ~Ive , The fou Y vo_lv es on con-\:Y-o l ,, a. nel. eot')-b-o
I th e. o i I .s -l::'Yo Ke i h
-Y1e h '-'cl ya_ u I i c S'Lu-1-e.rri · The. tood·;ri~ S4si:e.rn U)O'r t1 a..s des o·i
bed
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be.tow.
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The ve tu'\' n va..\ve is dos e, oil d.e.\ive-v-e.d
bl.% the f'Urn p +h-r-ou.g: h
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-f::he flot. 0 tont -rol va \\/E'S -l:;o -the rulinc:¼e.Y
Gtn d Pi ~-t;t) t') ~oe s Lt p .
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~ fyes su re S't(l r-bs d.e.v e.lop
fn~
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thei r -t:he s s> e.dr neri b 'r e_q_ l-<S O"r
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the. loo.d ha.vin .....~ Ma:~,· mum l9 a. lu.e. is c oh -l:;'Yo l \ ed. u.::i
r lh -ch e.
b~s e cl Lf n l:t m e-l:-e.rrs c.o n s isti n 2" i n o. c.u li
n de -r i n w h , c.h -ch e p is t<:1 n
,.,
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..,. e.d P"fo0 Q.4:- es •
The. .sw i tc.he.s ho.ve Lt eev oJ1cl lOUJ tY ~ LtSh a. -l --l:-h
e c.o n-tro l po. n e \
fo v- -t-h e dotn hwo .vd ~ u.~l.A)a'rd (Y)bVe.men-l:
O.f--l::h e mov a.bl e h eQd ·
,ne. on £.,o
ff Stn i ~h pyovided. on -\:h e c.on-l:,Y'o \ pc,.n
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~ I o..nd tV> e
Pilo t
/Cl.YY>P .S nO LO~ the 1:,Ya.r>S (Y) j SS j Oh
of mct in
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Puna - 411 005
5
(
M
hod o
~OTonns e-t:;c_, .. e)(: A s
~~cu.Y-a.te
Y~sult
ecimen
(,Oi-f;h
of
wet h-cS of-
of 6 -t:or>ns
't"'a.n e of cq
~a.n
I0Tonns,2bTonns,
8Tonns
c(l
of 1() Tonhs c
• ,he.se
d Jq(
endulum tJJi-lh
:- Be fo v-e -t:. e.s-tJ n
of the. --bes-I: i,e
ives m ~ re.
·e ins-f::-ectd of10T
a.ve Qd. Uste.d on th€.
0
setectoY
kY>ob·
Tn e
l
con-l:'YO
~ndLtlU.w, a. r-e qd u.s-t:ed toY'ret-H • The. in I< shtiuld be.
0
e ,~ ---t--i_n_~-=-'Y.:. . '. .-. :t. . e=d:;:______:_i_n.:. . . . . i:.-e:= . .n:___.:....:
:. . h-=o:-=
I d=--e::.. Y
.:~ o.f.!. ._--=r--=e~c=-o--r-=-d_1:_
n ~~LL.::e. . .r---=.:. a -=-ro.:..u::.=.n
. . :. . a:=---1 --=-=--e
th -=----cl.. Y
. . :.-=
LL~rn
____:=+--+es-!: r h
-l::h t
"rt>
es
is s-l:.a.. Y-1:ed. de..
c.e ss
tensom~4:;e:r :- Th Ts ins r-u.vn~nt i.s a.n ~-H:-a.chrne n-t: to Unfve-rsql{
Te.nsTle T~s-Hn
I ~c.e on
Ioa_d
Ma.chines• This mea.su"'-es the elon a-f:;ion of- a.. -t::esi:.
-R,r-r
measu.remen+ be.in
en -t:h . "The \ea.St ctiun4:. of
s-e.-t:.
i;h,e
O•otmm, a.nd m o_-ximu.m eton • ct-ti on meq_s ure rnent
u..p-1:e 3mm . This e.\on a.tTon me.a.su'Y"erne.ht he.I s rn fincH n
~of StYess a. t th~
the
€.Y-te.t'>"t°'- e elon
o u.-l.
e1. t:f on·
the. ins-b'umer,.f::~-
th ( blw
1 ,he
i-he
!2.
ed e.s, a.sca le
e-r
f{old.
-B,es ecirner, r'h the
~
Position
The
u..
to
ja.t.oS
t.t"r
bSe.•
cf Te.nsi le./1.;nrve.r-
ex-t:er>somete'r on "Ches ecirne.t1 ,
pre s-s uppeY kni fe ed.g:es on -thespedrnE!.ll
w; 11 be. r,oU) f-ixe.d 1:0 t;~e. s dme.n b _s y-1' n
Ioqdinf i\,e ~ ecime h o..n cl. .£A k'e -the Yec:tdi n
u.iYed
ctd'us-lrnen-!:.
vided fo-r-t:hiS
is
the
is sei;
e-r cl~l1)p ± o
~xi:ehSMY>N;; e,y
o.-f: ,ye
12.0)
~pe" a.ricl lou,0Y
Ma.d')ine • fosi-f:-ion
sa.l Tes-!:-in
9()
~trm
tfbn
of Ioctd on the met c.h i ne.
err- +he ~Jof) cttfon c:1.1
,e
(v-ed loa.d,
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
•
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
IS> Fo'rte se-f:-cerr ac-cura ci es rneah of both .f::-"">e dtq\ ~ct("t "fe.C\.d.i n ~ shou.tJ.
be ttt I< ~n ct .si e Ion ra. -l:-i o n • I lr us t n '£ ~ ~-t:~nsom t ~ no 4:-~ to --rem ~ ..,.. ,e,
i-l befoye sped"'>e n b-rea.k.s o -ch e. r- u., is e ~~nsome.-t:e'<' (,Oi ll g--e. -l:
d Cl m q g-e J. ·
6 > As q Sqf-te~., wh i I e -t::-e Sti n f('
f""rem
q
fi~ed
SLUPO'r-c
-1:-h ~ ins t--ru. me. t> i- ma.L\ be ke.p-t:- h ctng-i ng,
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a. -sli g:-htly 1o~se thve.q d ·
b~
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s,ere9S - strcti t1 grrq_ph o-f Mild
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•
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Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
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::r-> In secon·d
__.,
cuvve 'A' snows a.. l:n·T+·tl e
l>ecc:t use.
the-re.
by i -e-l::-l e.
tplas-t:-ic
s
~a.ph;
tYess
ma -l:£ -r i Q I is ct lso .s-tY"on~
m ct t eYi ~ 1- Th is
is ( i t-tl e. L~-tra. il"l
-Foy a. h T£h
s-tress. The -h-a c.t0.re
~-f q_
is su.dden a.nd ~qi:a.£4:Yophic ., t.0ith little ~YJ no
defor"mqtf'on. BYi~e r'ndteYials c.ra.cl"\" unde,y te.ns ion o..n d. -the
m~+e~i al
a.Yound
inc,yea.ses
-t::h e cYa.ckS · Ora.c~s p Yop Q. ~~ t€
Less u.Yl de111
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com press, on.
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Cu -rve. •8' is
s-t;n,n r{
Cl
is
duc.t;tle · s-\:eel UJh~
suddenly• The .... e ca.n be q_(Ot of
!'YICl -eel' i a I c..oh ich
r,o-t;
s-cv-eith ve-r~ I ittte, and b-req/-,
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d .1-f:: LO •I I l
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e(Qgi1C Sha.in ener~Y i h ct s-{:eeJ c...0 i "re u..nder -ce ns, on Cln
u
II w h r ,, / a.sh ,,
if r -l: bvea.ks - The ends aY~ -<a;tDY shci-r p a.nd such a.
fi::1. i I ure is ve"~ da.ntf'er ous i ndeed .
I.J
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is
ct'
uc.+i\ e rn a te'Y i a. l •
d
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e
C.ur v
l a.t g-e St"ra. j h
V erv-~
cuYve rv, is a. " l as-t1 c met {;-er i a. I . t-J 01:;i ce
...,
~ C.U'rV e ' D' i £
tl.. p l c:ts+ i c. rn a+eir i q I · N l> t i ce a vev-;t lay ~e s-t:Ya in -fO r
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ctsm~II s-b(es~ · i h e. m a teYi a I LO r II n o -l ~o Pa. cl< -t;o it 'S O"Y i' g- i n ctl
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Hocke~ L a.uJ :- for mos-t rr,q,beiria.lS, -4:-he ini-t;ta.l po')'+j Or> o-F the.
-bt.s-c LO i I l exhibi-l- a.. \inea-r "felo.-f;io n sh t p b/LO the q t>P\ ied -for c.e
e lo n g- a ti o n e.xhi bi-bed ~u B-ie specimen - In
loY) Io ad a.n d +he.
Ii neq,y "6'e~iot1., -\:v,e. l i r> -e o bet..t.s -!:he "fe t q +i o n.s hi p de+ined
1:h is
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u Hooke 1s
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h eve_ -t::ne
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con s-t:an-l.,
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OY
I= -
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E is
of s-t::v-€55 -1-.o .s~a in is C\.
_c;-l ooe 0 f- .\::he line tn-lhiS
.,-~ 1:;iO
-t:h e
e,j
a.nd is
re 2"', o n t.oh eYe sttes s L<r) is p n, po "r-t--i o n Q I -t:o s -(:Ya i h Ct)
L<:rr) n 1ou n~'s Mod Lll ll s '' •
c°' tl ed. the u ModlllllS of t: t as-+f ci-~(
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COE P TEC HNO LOG ICAL UNIVERSITY, PUN E
•
--
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
GJ
Mod~ lus of ~la.s-!:ici'~:- The modu lus of elos-h ici-lY. is o. measu -re
of
[- - - -- -t~ -c=-h_e_ __:__:_
m..:...:a=-+~ ev~i~
::.I:_'s=---.s!
s ~+c.i.:. ...J_
+~f -=-n.:. . e::....:s~s~--=w::=:.....:..
h_i -=c..:h--=. . .: o.:n_
. .:. l~-tt-~a~-r~ ..i:..:
Pl'. . .i--=: e-=
s _ t:._r,....:____:
-+:.:...:h:....:e:____:_t_n_:
+:_i_a...:. . .1:. . - ~
l i h e Q v r .Q. ~ i or> o f- th e c1..1 v v e. . W i -lh i n th is l r n ea Y Y e ~ i o n -t;h
~
-l::.ensfle. load
wr11 v-elu, ..n
ca.n be --removed fyoni the specim er, Ce, -the -;,,c:d:;e.-r-io..l
-le -l:-he ex:qci : same cDndi- t::ion i t had been jhpYiO' Y'
-l 0 1:he
loa.d being - app\i ed · At {J,,f.s poin-t : L-Ohen -!;he cuY-ve is
no lon~e Y
lThear 9 devfa tes trom s+roi ,~ h-l-li r>e "f€l~+ ionshr p.}
Hook e's
loLO
no longe" t o.pp1ies ~som e pe"rrr >ahen + de-f0>-ma+i 0 n _
o~u..- s ~n -!;he specf meh . -rhis poin+ is cqlled -t:-he l l etast
f c.
(af)
p..,.op&-!=ional limft " • fyol'n -1:1irs pornt e,r> jn B-,e {:e.ns i\e
u\0s-b ressed
A
b o
f
1>
~>
I
1,
c.ond itio n if -the
\cad is
--remo ved ·
ta -lib ns :
Aer-o s,~c.e :
Au-l:;omo-1=-ive:
Turbi he
bla.de..s .
see1.tbe1-l.s /Burri peYs /Mud+ la.ps.
8po-r-t: -
f rr eta. u-l;io ns:
1> The specim en should l:e pyepa'>'"ed in P)"Of€,'r dimen srons .
~ The s~e ci men -shou td be p r-ope,,r-ty -tP ~ -l: be.-b-oe~n the.
i QL..OS·
'
'b> T 4 k e "f' e a. d i n If ca "" e-fu I l Y. ·
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
--
Wellesly Road , Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
9
Fo-rmu I ae sheet:
~\as-tic
1)
.
.t =
L1 (r) 1
loa.d ctt e.fas-bic lirnrt
o ·d g- j n a. I cvoss --s e c+t o n a Yea.
"'Imm~
M a>e rmum rensfle streng--0,
~/mm 2
~> U H:ima-le. sty-en g: -l h =
orfg-i n~ I a. "re ct of ~s-secl-1011
.-e
3 > 'loun is Modulus=
be\ OLD p v o po,- -t::i o n a I i-t.:i
coYYe5pond lng-- lSlftt&fJ.l!J s-f:'?fain
stress
N/rnrrt'2
I
Lt> •/•
of el on g--a -t-i on :
-fin~ l Ien !-1 ih Ca-b fYac-t::u ve)-o"'i8i nql len34-½ ~_ttc·J .
...,
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err
is in q I
Cl 'Ye q
a -t: 'frd. tf;U ye -
-8' n a.\ aJ6"ea '!.. l oo ·/ .
c:rri~1nal ctJrea.
6> Yfe1d
-•
S +-rPns;r<th = 'i ei I d loctd
aol~, n~ I a.rreq obV
J
r-t , fl) VY) 2
ds
:
=!->
L1rn1'-t:
of- p-rop01'-l:-f on
=
Load q-t;- I Im i-f: of- pro po_
-r·H on~ Ii -8j
~ri~i nq I c'Yo.ss-s~ction ~ire q
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
•
s,..~~
--
Wellesly Road , Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
•s•--;jll!
(0
o b.sel'va-l-ion:
I
M(tte.Yial
O 'f i(i n q·I
oT me nsion
of s~ed men 4auge
o i o.mete.A Y-e a.
Mild
.s-f:ee. I
Le..ng-tl1(rnir,)
(mm)
(. m n,'2.)
3RO
'10 ·5
330-063
fi ntll
o1 mensi .b nS
ct aug-e len.q+h
niame-te~
(J'Yl m)
UY>IY\)
&'4b3
I '2.
Areq
tmm2..)
119• CCff
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Obse.Yva-t:ion Tl\ble:
s p~dme.n: Mild stee./ (_,MT so_rnple)
SY•
P'l"o pe~ttt
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uni-bS
V(llUe.
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l'32.·7Sb
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6 • ltO 2.
k N /tnrr,'l
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3g•4
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Load.
Lj.
5·
6·
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g.
Mo.~- otsplacement
Sq,g
Y re1d
112• '.l
Load
~ ield st'Yes s
'IS
I uTS
UTS/'fS
3· F rno_\ C'YbSS-sec~on
AYe.o.._
mm
-
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0·34
KN /rn rr,'-
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
lfi
--
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
""
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*COMPRESSION
--
Aim: To
cbmpresston
peyfoYm
I
OYl
..
+-:es-t on Aluminium a.nd c~"t'a..mic
UTM•
Obj
e t!-ive ~ To tondu t-l a..
...,,
a..Y?
TEST~
-
d de-le"rmihe
1.,.-.~..
-folloLO in (
com P"res~io n -les-t: on
p-roper-f;iE?S!
-
~tveY> spedmen.s
Q)
Ma.~t mum \Olld
b>
t.H-limq-t:e -Si:Y-ess
c>'itie1d S-l""ess
AppavatUS: a.> Un tve:,rse\l Te54:1ng"' IY'ktd1ih~ (UTM)
b> c'cllindri col a.nd tubicetl s'r,qped s1>e ci mer.>
a.nd. ce_ryarn ic
c>
'f
es p ect-i v el t.A-
Ve.'f"n ie-r cct.\li peY
g-uag-e a.nd
e).. sof-cu:ict. ')'"e +o p to-!;
c.l> Di al
~
~
I
of A\um•,niu.m
sca.l e
lea.cl -
dis p la. ce met?t cuYve
Theo"ft.f:
\J
0
tl) TheO"r€tl c.a.\\4
J
~
\J
i-en sion -!:es-t:
T½e
com ~y-ess ion {:es+ is mey~\y the op pos i-!:e
ma. c.h i nes
S'De.cio.l
-\:he di v-ec.-t:-i or> of o._ppl ied s-\:'Yess.
-t::e.s-\:. CClh be done on -t:-he same UTM OY
cQn q\So be. used •
LO i -\:; h
roM p-ressi"o h
e+ the
-r e.s p-e.c-l
{;o
I
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b-r i -t:-+I e. rn q t€ 'Y i a IS a re. ~oocl in cempress ton -t::-h o..n ft+e.n~ fon an cl +h e'r'e fa"('e 4::-h el!. aYe. usecl ftYlS' co MPressive. \o<tdS·
o pue {.a -t: his., C'OO') t)reSS i O\') -les-4: is mct.inty used -lO -Les+ b·d -t:-\::-\ e.
.b) In ft'er>e•n::\. I.,
V
V
rna.-l::eri Q IS __such a.s ca.s-t:: j'rtln .J c.on~Ye{;e., s1:cnes., bricks., c~ry--a.mrc..s.,
( timPOS i ,:es
d) Du. r r n g·H·-,~ire-foYe. J
-f:::O the
etC.•· ·
1:;es--bf n f!' , f ya c-B-t re
+h ~
cc cur.s r I? bri Hl e
ul H m£1 -t:-e. S-tYene-l:-h is
f'l'Clttu Ye
point.
YYl
ct-herr, Cl Is a. V1 d.
de-\:e~m1ned ctrrres ponding'
'
'
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-
1'L
COE P TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
•
--
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
e.) f'\0
f Y'<\ C-lU. -re
ductF \e m~-beYia. l a.nd nence uH-i mate
is toun cl ou-\: f<:rr some a:r \, i -t 'f o. r y a. m o u n-l o.f d e.f-6rma tf o n ·
s-t:ren e'"-lh
f-')
th
OCC'U YS
fo Y-
s e>edme Yls
The.. -he sl
C'loss- sec{.fon ; bu.1:
a.. p p \ i cq -l-i o h of
u
ca.n be
Sct.uaYe,
seetio n
ci'rc~I a Y
rs
ci,..t.u la.. ir
d, tf eYen-i tY>~-beY i q ls
I
p-Yefe-,y-e d foY uni form
loCld ·
I
!() The \en~-l:-h t0 d.ia.rn~-l:e"rS (' .i./ 0)
ewi pl
"<' e CtO. n~u l ~ -r <n1
o d. {;i 0 •IS b I U) I· s
bui- a ra-{:;i o o-f
2.
is
ll
nd
10
-fo-r
tbrnm on \4
IJ
o~ed •
u
b) f o-c \ on ~eY s Decim ens ( i·~ .t/o >10) bend in 'f rs rv, crre UJ \-:d C h
~e.dLLt es -¼:he com pres srv e st::Yehg- -t:1--i °'11d fov 5hoY1: ;e'Y
sp~c.i mehs
L i ·€. ..t / o <. I • 5 ) f 'r t c-\: i o na l e. ffec-t:;s a...\: -t:;h e ends \:>e.corne Y"'rHTY e,
i rn J'c,"t' tan t t.,.1h i c.h ., nerea .ses -the CJ!) m pyes s iv e Stre.n ~ -t:;h
(AsTM
E ~) .
EY'YOY..S in Test :a.> s r n t~ th~ tor o..nd bo-8:Pm faces Of--f::-he qi>&irnel')
a:rese \dorn
I
a r~ 11 e I
lo e.a.ch otheir o.nd. tne"f'e is ~, t..Oa.~s Q. ,{:end ~n Clf.
'v
,.
behdi t,~ of the -~pee, men d uY-i nT-t:e s-tin(, i 4: t"s V~4.
peyfec -tl 4
u
1l
V
foY
IJ
d. iff i tu lt -¼:9 tlOr\lu t'O' U· 1~ Q x i a 1 loqds,
V
a
b) Th~ f-r i c-l:-i o n bf LO the e,n d.S o-f the sipeci me.h Q.hd h ea. ds 0~
-les-t:-f n g- mo.ch tne 1>Yeven-1: -ch e d e-fo'Y m a -li o n o-f 4:-h e sped m e n
(J. Y) jfoT m ly_
tv)'r OU ~n Ou-t: +-he \erie---th• This 'fesu 1-t is rn O"'t" e.
V
I d.-l:-e:r q
I ex1>andon
~ivin (' a.
bav~I
i i, ~e n-trq I y e.P--ion -t:h a. n -the o -\:h PY y-e g-10 n..s
Ii ke sh a_ pe SPe.c.i Me Y).
d
I
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ln it i <t ll~
c:u bi cal
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f1• t'1> Q~\ lf
barref shctped.
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--
·•
COEP TECHN OLOGI CAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
•
--
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
I~
c) since the
ten~-H, of
(n0-t
rv>trre -lha n
i -l: is
d iffi tul
d)
ro"
t
enou.g h
is keP-l- c.o,, _Q+{] t?-1-: ILI
.._, sh O"r'-c
dia mete'r) -to avoid i-t::.s bucK Ir n g-.,
SPE:!cfn,er,
H:1S
-buJ1c.S
-tO obto i h
S*Ya. j h
rn ells ttY0'Y> e r,{-s
£:t CtU YCI
-let~ ·
\J
to
a cons 4:an 1: len~-l:h
l
dia..me-¾;er (.t/D) -rq-tiO, \en _g--{:n c,an be
" yo po iy .+ ro n a -i e - i h c-r ea.s e jn d ia.rvH!te'Y'• Howeve-r,
i h creC1s ed (J) i th
fo-r- -lesti n ~ l~Y~e di a m ~ -t:e'Y s p e c. rm ens > high c.a..fa.ti ~
rn Ci. en ,ne5 a:re re q,u.i red·
-f:,es-ti n ~
V
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TuoeS of Fya C tU 'Ye ••
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a.) fhi-t:-tle rn a -t€'Y i a) s ccrf\M on I y f Y a. c.tU -r e bl-\ shea.v
_,
I
e. itf,er
a.tone(' ·
V
a. di a. ~nq
a. cone
r.,\a.ne., cv- u:>i-4:h
I
I
OY
a.
C%fr l'J...,-1 l i n th· i ca. I s p e c. rrn ens )
i:>L\rimad~ I (fOY · S'q__ua'>"e specimen s) shq_ped fraciuv-€ ,
-...J
some +r mes
fa.i ls
a
cct l led
hou¥g-lcts.s fya cluYe. ca.s-h j't"On usua. Ill{
u
tonE'
a.n jndined pla.ne a.nd c:flnc,y-e-t:e shoLOS t h e. toY.>e
____,
a.b
-k.\ Pe of fr~ t-t:ure.
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(r('
s~ne ~ube.s)
rt i i
T
sheQ-r i:>ta.ne
Cta.St iron
d1'
e;onc..,.e-ce)
rr i
i
shear cone t.ef th
s pI i H•• he-- ct bov e
Ceo ncYete )
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lCOEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
Wellesly Road, Shlvajlnagar, Pune - 411 005
a~rs. Hou,ever , du.e to
.si-l;-tor>
s
f-r~c-t;u,ye
ca.ti
~
in-l::eYhql fYi cl:ion , non- hbmog-~neous compo -
uc,t;u~e
o.tid fyfc-i:ioh a-t:4=he ends Df s ecime n.,-ch e
1s b/t.0 50°a.n d 60 6 -t0 load a,<is-
\o.nQ
not develo
c.0i-t:-nYn 1t's len -l:.h.,
jhl'Yea sed a.nd other
reci o.bl
n-ush in
t'hen
-l:he s tfenf1:.h
a.flur es .su ch
i5
a _g
i---
occ.u...t ·
d) nuc-t fle
\as-t;ic m~4:; eria Is bul e (~it-ra II a.n d t;a. l"\'e ct
b~'r"r tl sh e o.s- +rie a.re com ye~se .d, -rovid ed lhes €3cimeh
doe.s no-I; bend o...- buckl e- 1)ue to -chis, i:he. com ess ive s-uegg
to
con-1;- inue~
the"Ye. is
TeSt
a.)
no
fl'lc-rease ~lrnos .\:
iluve
o{--
c.,0fthot..ti ctn
ma.-l::e~fa.l •
s ef ifica-l ;ion of ()10.ehrnes Gtnol
s~ -
com t"essron
-best ca.n be
tirrd -cs uch
a_g
s ecime r> Je-bl1 1s~
e-rfo Y- med on UTM
the
e---- ---+- -be'-- s_-l:_-+-ie._c_e_ -=o-L.!. .-. .Cb_a_s--=
::. e=---b_l_t>_c_k_ o._
n_d_ m_o_:_v_
i n~~d::Lo~ w
=--:.h~ th
~ ec.. .___.:c:...:e=--n----=-b-:__.. .t:t.:::..:.I_ _,,
lo a.d b) A com Tession -l:-€s-t:- ca.n ~tso 'o e errf<rr'med on con,rr essfo
Y)
-\::e.sit1 h
m a ch Tn ~
Cc. TM)
•
c) A
C.TM hct.s
b
com v-e ss ron l ~{;-es /heads - ,he uppe-r he.ad
r,,ova.b le t0r>ile -ch e lou1Qy h ea.d ~s sta+io n ~-v- •
d) one o-f .f:he t,t.oo hea. ds i s e
e d t.-C T,:h Cl he.mis h erd ca.\
1, eQ 'r j n
tes-\:; -
°'
to
r ece
O
bt a j h ·
lJ h If 01r VY>
ends . A I bad
lied lottd-
d js-tr f bLt B b t)
O ,f
itte 4
tYY
l O a. d
OV € Y
'l"e coTd in
th e
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
)5
r-ro ceduYe ·.
a.)
of -hes+ piece
oimensrons
a.Ion~ i-cs her ~h-l:
CYOSS-seetion arr-ea..
pl cu~~s
~-!: thYee d \ f fe -re.r> -b
is mea~uv~d
I I en g--l:h
1:0 de-f;e-rrnine -t:he qverll .~ e
specimen ~hcul d be p lo. ne -fo,t -cha.-t th-e ends a.¥e
t~s-4ed an a becrr in e-- Dl llte ·
~l)eci men is ,:,laced ce tJ-tY"a It ~ ,bl L.O -l:he -b-,oo com ~-re~sion
c.) The
'
P l q_t-eS.) such i-ha i- -\:he ce n-b---e O-fMOYIY)~ heqd i.s V e"r--ri t;a_ l l Y
'..J
a. bo v e ihe centre o.f specimen ,
'd) Loa. d is
a.pp\ied o n s,p e ti me n · bt.,.\ m o v Y n ~ -\:h e. m o v e1. 1 l e. ne_a_d ·
ihe loq~ ~ corv-espon d ih~ ~o n-tya ~r Oh aYe measured ct t:- dit\/'
i h -t-e'Yv a IS• The loctd ,· n-t;e YvaJ mq.4 be a.s s-ook g-•
bJ En d.s of
t:he
.
'
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Lo ct. 4 ,s
C\t>r>I ,-ed
e.)
Effect of
stre.n~-t:h
d-r"
o-r
I
vari~ble
Lorn pYe ssiv e.
•
~
V
S<=LU 0. 're
s i>e.d men fa. i IS·
a.nd. shq_pe of sPe~i mens ot'l -t:he
sii.e
In i:h~ ma.jO'T i-\:\j
....-
u.ni--t l ,the
•
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11f cctses., comp-c-es;ion -l,;es4:: sPed m e n s a 'Ye e H::heY
cul~T in cvoss- sec-{::f on and h ence i::h e. i rn po Y t<l. n -t
le n ~th - to - w ~ d th
tne l en ~ -lh - to - d ia rn etetY
g-tYen(i:h cl ecYea ses- This f s
AS
( O"'(
Ieng-4:h - -lo -d i o..m eterr-) 'Y'ct tro •
in C'Y eqses.,
(_ .l/'D) 0 d.tiO
due. t0 t n tYe.a.~e d
a.h-lot.t n-t
\,ending- -Si're ~s es< I\
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corf) pre.ss i ve
s-tr e. n g- try
u-
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Lll'B{:h to
1.
3
Li
oia me t &Y C.Q)D) Yatt o
tei rn
s ...
I
pye ssi v e
of
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COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
•
...
"-
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Wellesly Road, Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
r-re C' Q U ti O ns :
1> s pe ci m Q r, snould be pyepa."red \n pYO re..- dimer>s1ot1~> specimen should be pYope,-1~ to ~e-l blLO the con-ip-ression -plq-bf>S•
!>> 1q_\1'e Yeltdin~ c ct ve -f u. I I ~ .
'-t > Af-te'V' fa. i ILUt e of -s,pe dm -en stop rn a.th i .-, e ·
0
Obse.'YVq-1:ior,:
I
I
of s pecimer,
~-
orig-in4I or m ~nsions
Ma.te-rilt I
4a.u(e
Al~mf nium
C~Ya. m•IC'
I en~ -f:h tm r,,)
'D i a rn e telr
cmm)
'-I =f-
16
2.0 • 5
-
meq
/Wlq-f:h
c_mm'lJ
V
cmm)
-
/'2. ·sG 6
2
q H·65
2.0· 5
bYeadB-)
tmm)
HeT~n4
crnm)
-
-
lq, 5
15
( l.-X b)
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-
'
observ q-b9 on Ta.bl e:
5 "t" .
f>Yo pEW bi,
'l..
Ce'Y
a Yn
V
NO·
1·
-
Mo_~ Lt>Q d
o Iti ml'lte s t,,es.5
rC
.l
I
Aluvn1nturry
l-
Uni-l.
I
7· 2.~g
fq • g3 (
0•02'1
~- 039
KN
k N/rr, n,'.l.
I
3·
ma.~
lj.
r.{i:t)(
d fs pI atern~-l:
Vef14 Lbq ~
6· - 'lei Id s-tr-ess
'8.
'fs/u rs
UTS
5"· 1
'>'Ylh)
road•
S·
-,.
b•t>
orsr>I acernen-+: c\t
/'/S
b•n
2•3.0,lt'
0
,90g
O• ~18
~.,Lt(:.
5·1
7" ., g
0•03~
0 · 38r
2.•s& 3
mm
kN
t< N /mm1
-
-
~..
COEP TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, PUNE
~
--
Wellesly Road , Shivajinagar, Pune - 411 005
1-=t
R~su l
-ct
I
AJ Te.r>sfon Tes-¼:~(_ L MT) · ~
-+ we. penfcrrrn eel 'Tensioh -les-+ on mild s-t:e.et
I
I
re
obi:ain ~
l i) U It f ma {;e s-t"Yes.s -
O
cii)
0· 3~ J<N/r-nm2..
Yiet cl
criiJ
s-t,--ess
·J. ved u c+t on f n
els A'Y€Q
tiv) . I.
BJ
==
~
::
E I o n ~ ca. t-i o t,
•Lf
:
S-•
01 kNI
h,Y>,
I
aJ1__d
~
=,-~~
1'11·8'-t'.l--
com p1'"e ss ion Te S'i :-
we pe-rfo'rmed com press ion tes+
Alum in iu m cctA l rn d e.rr) ->
~
Or>
cwYarn i c (tu be) a.n d
-
tJ FCS¥
ci)
t--
ce'ra. mi c :-
stv-e~.s = 0·02.'1 KN/m~ 'l
-; o,ooi 1<1\J/rrmJ1
stress
Ultfmate
di) Yietd
(iii) MC\X•
Loa.cl.
=-
=r- 2.i.,-s K N
'2.] Fen'" A I um,• n,.. u. m :c. i) lJ ltf rn ate str ess = O · 09 9 k N /n,V)') 2
I
tii) yield
{iii) Ma:>(•
stress
lo a.cl.
-
t> • o ~ t I< N
/tn VY, 'l.
= I q.g~6 KN
I