FUNDAMENTALS OF PAINTING ELEMENTS OF PAINTING • Painting is a form of expressing emotions by applying colors to a flat surface or any materials like canvas, glass, paper, walls, leaf, or words. Making abstract composition, drawing, and other aesthetics may serve to reveal the expressive and conceptual intention of the artist. It is an unspoken dialogue where paint speaks noiselessly in colors, and the artist responds in moods. SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS OF PAINTING • Line. It is the simplest part in the painting. It has an unbroken pattern made by a moving point to outline shaped and can contour areas within those outlines. It can suggest a movement like curved, diagonal, vertical, horizontal, and zigzag lines. Each line has its meaning. Vertical line stress action, strength, dynamism; horizontal line means serenity, calmness, stability; diagonal line express tension movement; curved lines appear softness, flexibility, gentleness; and zigzag line convey confusion and nervousness. It may also imply danger and destruction. • Color. Artist use colors to convey feelings and moods within their paintings. It is the result of wavelengths of the lights reflecting objects. It is composed of three distinct qualities, such as hue, saturation, and value. Hue is the merely the name of the color. Blue, red and yellow are the primary colors. Their mixture produce secondary colors such as green, orange, and purple. • Texture. It refers to the appearance of the canvas. It is an element of two-sided and three sided-patterns, the way a three-dimensional when touched. In two-dimensional models, like painting. It may refer to the visual” feel” of a piece. It has four basic types, such as abstract, actual, invented, and simulated. FOUR BASIC TYPES OF TEXTURE • Abstract Texture. It refers to modification of the real texture for aesthetic and decorative purposes. • Real Texture. It refers to the real feal and looks of the surface of an object. This texture is a mixture of how the paint is seen and the way it feels to touch. • Invented Texture. It is a creative means adding alternate materials to create an exciting and intriguing texture just like in an abstract artwork where in the artist uses his or her imagination. • Simulated Texture. It refers to a surface character that looks real, but it is not. • Perspective. It is a technique for making an illusion of three-dimensions with depth and space. Its goal is creating a viewpoint of the audience that will best communicate the subject and serve its particular message. • Shapes. It is a part of the painting that helps expresses beliefs of ideas. It aids to interact, and evoke anxiety, direction, and energy. • Symbols. Artists often include symbolic icons in their paintings that have a special meaning or special message. SHAPES • Geometric Shapes-Refers to any shape that remains virtually unchanged if it is move around or flipped off of a surface. SHAPES • Organic Shapes- Refers to any shape that has a natural look or curving appearance. These shapes are often referred to a curvilinear or free form shapes, as they can be of angles, curves or both. SHAPES • Biomorphic Shapes- Refers to any nonrepresentational form or pattern that resembles a living organism in shape or appearance. COLOR WHEEL AND ITS CLASSIFICATION COLOR WHEEL AND ITS CLASSIFICATION COLORS • Colors are the most interesting representation of anyone. It shows an essential role in every individual. It is classified based on its categories such primary, secondary, and tertiary colors. OTHER COLORS ARE CLASSIFIED • Complementary colors. These colors sit contrary to each other on the color wheel. Because they are opposites, they tend to look lively when used together. When applying these colors together, each of them seems more visible, like green and red. • Analogous Colors. These colors sit next to each other on color wheel. They tend to look pleasant together because they are closely related. Orange, yellow- Orange, and yellow are examples of analogous colors. • Neutral Colors. They are sometimes called “earth stones”. These colors do not usually show up on the color wheel. These colors include black, gray, white, and occasionally brown and beige/. • Warm Colors. These colors are orange, red, yellow. Colors of the sunset give an ideas of brightness and heat. • Cool Colors. These colors are associated with blue, green, purple. These colors help us think relaxed and peaceful things, like blue skies and still ponds. SYMBOLISM AND MEANING OF PRIMARY COLOR. • Red Color. This color is the warmest of all types of colors. ➢ It increases enthusiasm and interest. ➢ It gives energy ➢ It reinforces action and confidence ➢ It protects us from fears and anxieties • Blue Color. This color known as the calmest color like the ocean and skies/ ➢ It is sign of calmness and relaxation ➢ It opens the flow of communication. ➢ It broaden one’s perspective on learning new information ➢ It implies solitude and peace. • Yellow Color. It symbolize creativity and intellectual vitality. ➢ It helps us in making decision ➢ It relieves us from burnout, panic, nervousness, exhaustion ➢ It sharpens our memory and concentration skills ➢ It protects us from depression. MEDIUMS IN PAINTING • Medium. It refers to the substance the artist use to create a piece of artwork. Broad use of medium is to described a specific type of art. ➢ Oil. It is a of slowly-drying paint that consist of particles of pigments suspended in drying. ➢ Pastel. It is an art medium in the shape of a stick crayons. It consists of pure powdered color and a binder. ➢ Acrylic. It is a fast drying painting containing pigment suspension in acrylic polymer emulsion which becomes water resistant when dry. ➢ Watercolor. It is the medium in which paints are made of colors suspended in watersoluble vehicle. ➢ Ink. It is a liquid that contains colors and is applied to a surface to produce an image, text, or design. ➢ Encaustic. It is a heated wax to which colored stains are added. ➢ Fresco. It comes from the Italian word affresco, which means “fresh” It also refers to any several related mural painting types, executed on walls, ceilings, or any other kind of flat surface. ➢ Gouache, It is a water-based paint consisting of pigment and other materials designed in an opaque painting technique. ➢Enamel. It is a paint that air dries to a durable, usually glossy and reliable finish. ➢Spray paint. It is the type of paint that comes in a sealed pressurized battle and released in a fine spray. ➢Tempera. It is a permanent, fast drying painting medium consisting colored pigment mixed with a water-soluble binder method. WESTERN STYLES OF PAINTING • Abstraction. It is an art in painting that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of visual reality but instead use colors, form, shapes, and gestural marks to achieve its effect. • Expressionism. It is sometimes called emotional realism. In this style, the artists sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical truth. • Baroque. It is characterized by dynamism(a sense of motion), which is augmented by extravagant effects. • Impressionism. It is a type of art presenting the real-life subject with emphasis on the impression left in the artist’s perception, particularly the effect of light on the object used as a subject. • Modernism. It is characterized by a cautions rejection of the styles of the past and emphasizing innovation and experimentation of materials and technique instead to create better artworks. MODERN STYLES OF PAINTING • Realism. It is a style of painting practiced before the invention of the camera, where artists represented landscapes and humans with much attention to details and precision as possible. The artist’s primary goal is to described accurately and truthfully as possible what is observed. • Symbolism. It is an art that represents the subject symbolically. • Fauvism. It refers to art that used brilliant primary colors or color illumination on subjects like pictures to emphasize comfort, joy, and leisure. • Cubism. It is a form of abstraction wherein the object is first reduced cubes and then flattened into twodimensional shapes. • Surrealism. It is a type of art wherein the artist creates dreamlike paintings that filled with mysterious objects. BASIC SCULPTURE THE ORIGIN OF SCULPTURE • It is came from the Latin word sculpere, which means “to carve”. The tools used in sculpture are varied and changing throughout history. It engages our sense differently than painting because its occupies space as threedimensional mass through carving, casting, modeling, or assembling materials. It has sought to produce artworks that are permanent and are working durable and expensive materials such as bronze granite, limestone, marble, and stone. IMPORTANCE OF SCULPTURE • The sculpture is a perceptive-regeneration of reality through the use of threedimensional form. As a specialized work of art, its objective is to exemplify a concept by forming a visual equivalent. Since the shape is the dominant characteristics of sculptures, the human body and animals have been its primary subject. They are constructed using bronze, clay, ivory as their mediums. Making of sculptures is expressing religious, personal and political views. This kind of artwork is meant to create sense of patriotism, pride, greatness, and spiritual respect. Statues and sculptures have always been an integral part of the museums and arts history. They become more popular as decoration items in private homes and office facilities. TYPES OF SCULPTURE • Bust. It is sculpted and painted representation of the upper part of the human figure such as the head, neck, shoulder, chest, or breast. • Statue. It is a life-size or larger size of a sculpture of a person or an animal, made of metal, stone or wood. • Architectural. It is a universal classification to describe a structural design such as buildings, bridges, burial chambers, and other big projects. • Relief. The term relief is from a Latin verb levo which means to raise. To create sculpture in relief is to give a notion that the sculpted materials have been raised above the canvas. This type of sculpture is projected into three-dimensional space. The back of the relief sculpture is not meant to be seen and the entire design can be understood from a frontal view. MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES IN SCULPTURE • Carving. It is produce in cutting away objects until the desired design is formed or achieved. a) Stone Carving. It is a type of sculpture that requires patience and planning. Its shaping activity of pieces of rough natural stone through the use of essential hand tools like hammer and chisel. b) Wood Carving. It is the art of shaping objects of wood using cutting tools. • Casting. It is a method by which liquid material is usually poured into a frame or pattern, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to harden. a) Glass casting. It is a shaping activity of pieces of rough natural stone through the use of essential hand tools like hammer and chisel. b) Slip casting. It is a technique for the mass-production of pottery, especially for shapes not easily made on wheel. • Molding. It is the working of soft or plastic materials by hand to build up or shape to create a form. • Assemblage. It is an additive process of gathering and joining different materials and create an assembled artworks. BASIC SCULPTURE TERMS • Armature. It is a skeleton-like framework used to support the building of paper mache, usually made of stiff wire. • Base. It is the portion of the work on which the sculpture rest. • Craftmanship. It is a skill with which one uses tools and materials in producing art. • Plaster of Paris. It is a fine white powder that sets hard when mixed in the water. • Freestanding. It refers to a method when a sculpture is intended to view from all sides. • Manipulation. It is a process of shaping an object by a skilled worker. • Replica. It refers to the precise reproduction of an artwork.
