ASSIGNMENT 2
COURSE: Physical and Health Education 1: BEd Upper Primary
STUDENT NAME: Kambinda Andreas N
STUDENT NO: 221344942
SUBJECT CODE: MPU3620 Old Curriculum
Marks 100
LECTURER: Dr G. Kela
DUE DATE: 30 April 2023
1
Contents
Question 1 ............................................................................................................................. 3&3
Question 2 ............................................................................................................................. 5&5
Question 3 ............................................................................................................................. 7&6
References ........................................................................................................................... 9&10
2
Question 1
The improvement of students' physical, mental, spiritual, emotional, social, and intellectual
well-being is some of the advantages of participating in school sports activities (Zealand,
2018). Even while the relevance of sports in general goes beyond fitness and leading a
healthy lifestyle, school sports activities have long been seen as a tool to maintain a fit and
healthy lifestyle. The overall growth of students has benefited from school sports activities
such inter-house and zonal contests (Union, 2022). It has been discovered that playing sports
in school helps students learn important life values including accountability, responsibility,
self-confidence, self-discipline, and teamwork (New Era, 2018)
Research has shown that students can learn the importance and value of sport when they have
the opportunity to represent their school and participate in competitive local, national and
international sporting events that are planned and developed around the world. (Grace, 2019).
In addition, the motivation and sports training of students begins at the university level, with
the involvement of teachers and the support of parents (Rengi, 2019).
School sports help students develop sportsmanship, confidence, cooperation, students are
able to make decisions and quick decisions, improve weary communication skills or sports
improving in sports facilities, accepting losses and self-respect, and others (Namibia School
Sports Federation, 2022). learners are willing to participate in school activities; Provide
quality exercise opportunities that support the health care of all learners. Regular
participation in school sports has been scientifically proven to help prevent disease and
promote a healthy heart, strong bones and healthy lungs (Zealand, 2018).
In addition, school sports have helped many people learn to control weight, control stress,
control diabetes, improve blood circulation, improve growth, mental and physical balance
which strengthens bones and helps repair joints. muscles (Stergiadis, 2014) School activities
encourage children to learn the importance of good health. It also helps prevent obesity and
promote health (WHO, 2019). Students who plan to play sports in school generally learn eat
healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables, and are therefore less likely to be obese and will
ensure that the body functions like an adult similarly, continued participation in school sports
and physical activity helps prevent communicable and non-communicable diseases (New Era,
2018).
Students in many schools in Namibia have buried their talents due to reluctance to participate
in sports as school sports are not compulsory (Namibia School Sport Union, 2022). Research
3
has shown that the importance of school sports in building a nation is to promote unity and
pride in the country, and to unite love and non-violent behavior towards students (Grace,
2019). On the other hand, cooperation and teamwork are the principles established by the
school sports program that help to develop and make students self-aware and grow in
confidence (WHO, 2019).
School sports are reported and recommended to help improve the health of a country's
middle-aged population, and thus health is associated with a better life that leads to more
hope (WHO, 2019). School sports promote sports development, job creation and parenthood
to improve the national economy (Rengi, 2019)
According to (Wheeler, 2013) study of “family culture for sport participation” highlighted
several interesting points. Benefits related to parental support. The study revealed that parents
support their children's sports activities Participation should provide your child with fun and
opportunities to be fit and healthy. Parents They also believe that playing sports gives their
children the opportunity to make new friends. Socialize and encourage future participation in
sports. Another finding is the parents
They are more involved in sports and physical activity and encourage their children to play
sports. Cooperation. Wheeler also discussed the benefits of participating in sports for parents
and children. relationship. Most of the parents in the study believe that they will establish a
good relationship with their children through sport. The child is stronger. At the same time,
research shows some negative aspects related to parental involvement. Your child's
participation in sporting activities.
Financial issues related to children's participation in sports are discussed. In another study
conducted in Iran. In this study, parental health status and participation in children's sports.
Financial issues are a concern for some parents with limited resources .I can't help my child
participate in expensive sports. parental income is higher Children seem to participate in
sports (Nezhad, 2013) ensuring adequate food and clothing is essential. In At the other end of
the scale, children from high-income families are often limited in sports. It contributes to
school spirit and creates positive characteristics (Wright, 2013)
4
Question 2
Besides physical development, sport has many psychological and social benefits. It can be
used to teach young people important life skills such as cooperation, goal setting, problem
solving, decision making, leadership, management. Respect time, knowledge, thinking,
communication and skills. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of
sports on the life skills of high school students. The sample consisted of 500 high school
students.
The Turkish version of Sports Life Skills (LSSS) developed by (Açak, 2018) was used to
collect the data. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H tests were used for single and
multiple comparisons. The level of significance was accepted as p<0.05. 61% of the sample
were boys and 39% were girls. There was a significant difference in the scores of the
emotions and intelligence subscales according to gender differences. Leadership and Goal
Setting Subscales by Age Change; Leadership, Goals, Emotions, and Skills subscales by type
of school change; on the time management, leadership, team and goal setting subscales
according to the different club licenses; on the time management and goal setting subscales
across athletic year differences; Among the Time Management, Conduct, Skills and Goals
subscales, depending on the number of different training sessions. In conclusion, in the case
of high school students, life skills have been shown to be enhanced through sport.
Sport is defined as regular physical activity for various purposes, and is a concept that aims to
satisfy people's emotional needs such as socializing and sharing, a combination of physical,
mental and emotional factors (Eime.Young. Harvey.Charity and Payne, 2013). Today, sport
has a great impact on people's lives and has become an important part of society. People now
practice sports for personal development as well as for their physical and mental abilities.
This is due to the strength of sports in the relationship and the promotion of relationships
between individuals in the community. It is also the most effective form that allows a person
to mentally prepare for life, and in this regard leads to mental and personal balance
(Ghildiyal, 2015).
Intelligence is defined as the physical, intellectual and behavioral skills that we need in all
areas of life and that can be learned, developed and improved individually (Cronin., 2015).
The life skills discussed in the literature are necessary to cope with the needs and problems of
everyday life (Hodge and Danish, 1999) and "enable people to succeed in different places
where they live, such as school, home or work. community” (Denmark et al., 2023). It also
5
shows that capacity is needed for people to manage their lives in the process of change and
development (Kolburan, 2013).
In any society, schools play an important role in the development of life. Life skills enable
young people to take charge of their lives and adapt to a different way of life. School-age life
skills can be acquired through many factors such as good behavior, entertainment, learning,
goal setting, self-awareness and self-help, regulation emotions, task planning, responsibility
and awareness of time and place., cooperation, cooperation and teamwork, leadership and
respect for differences (Gazda and Brooks Jr, 1985; WHO, 1997; Goldsmith, 2000). It is
therefore important that young people are equipped with various life skills to succeed and
adapt to life's challenges and changes.
Over the years, learning life skills through sport has attracted a lot of attention (Gould &
Carson, 2008; Holt et al., 2017), and research has shown a link between sport participation
and learning life skills, such as leadership, meaning. set up and communication has been
established, emotional control (Jones, 2009; Johnston et al., 2013). At the same time, we can
see the importance of sport in improving character, strengthening body and mind, and
developing positive attitudes (Caterino and Polak, 1999; Kohl and Cook, 2013; Nagaraju,
2016).
It is proven that many of the skills required for success in sport, such as problem solving,
time management, goal setting, managing success and failure, and meeting needs, can be
transferred to other life situations (Catalano et al., 2004; Denmark et al., 2004). As the role of
social representation in life transitions has been examined, most studies in the psychology
literature have focused on professional teaching and the strategies teachers use to foster this
change (Gould D. K., 2014).
Additionally, young people's interactions with social structures such as coaches, parents, and
athletic peers are known to play an important role in learning life skills (Gould D. K., 2017).
At this time, the reflection of parents and the attitude of teachers who have the responsibility
to spend more time with their students, to know them, to know their needs and to develop
their intellectual life are also very important.
According to Matson, (2013) Social skill, adapting to a social environment and using
appropriate communication skills to solve problems that may arise, have a significant impact
on communication skill, school and family life. It also includes social skills that include
children's behavior towards other children, such as the ability to build (Hejazi, 2017)
6
Question 3
Intercollegiate sports also play an important role in American society. Economics and Culture
of University Education (Zimbalist, 2013). This marriage of higher education and integration
has led to chaos," critics say. Whether schools designed to promote intellectual development
can be sustained Significant events and areas (Watt & Moore, 2013, p. 8).
About media criticism The College Sports Trade and the Rigorous Demand for StudentAthletes and Scholars The appropriate role of sport in higher education has been widely
debated (Hill, Burch-Ragan,& Yates, 2001; Woolverton, 2008). National Collegiate Athletic
Association (NCAA)The governing body for competitive sports in the United States is also
Concerned with the academic performance and success of student-athletes
(Gaston Gayles & Hu, 2009a, 2009b). The NCAA has tried to strike a balance between the
two School work and sports doing many routines, including limited hours per week Studentathletes can use the money for sports and certain educational qualifications. Train and
Competer (Association, 2013). Passion for sports is a must in student athletes Analysis of the
impact of participation in competitive sports on personal development and education. The
benefits of participating in exercise are well documented. join college
The whole football team is proud, academic achievement, interpersonal relationships and
leadership (Astin, 1993). However, other sources of information suggest that participation in
exercise2It negatively affects academic engagement, cognitive development, and overall
satisfaction (Pascarella, Bohr, Nora and Terenzini, 1995; Pascarella and Terenzini, 1991;
Stone and Strange,1989).
Those who encourage high school sports participation face more challenges than ever before.
Budget cuts, exclusive work in a game, and even the proliferation of social media and
technology present real challenges for those trying to educate children more “towards the
group”. At the Athletic Directors Conference in San Antonio, Texas, Dr. Robert Zayas
discusses ways to help overcome these challenges and keep the numbers together on
progress. Zayas, president of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association
(NYSPHSAA), said the most effective way to help the cause is through community leaders,
family members Students may not be aware of the many benefits of participating in sports.
7
believe in representing the interests of non-athlete teachers, parents, and even student-athletes
themselves (Perry, 2019).
Prochaska et al., (2013), of the transtheoretical model, it is a progression through the stages
of change and the movement through the stages is cyclical. More than linear as many people
don't complete their design and build. Maintain lifestyle changes
with that in mind They
argue that information and interventions must be tailored to specific situations. The level of
identity is in time. Studies have shown that there is an impact A person's "level" decreases
and levels vary. (Marcus, 2013)
Excellent teaching focuses on the need for participants in residents. We will take you to
develop sports and participants. Good coach Training to understand the need for the team
Racing points, eligible technology, a session Clear health, rest and happiness. how they
should be People with good education, training and experience. It is important to know that
bad training can lead to good problems. Coaching helps you develop and maintain your
commitment. Information provided: Many examples of bad teaching and bad teachers
Therefore, it is important to establish a recruitment, development and placement system.
Obvious training results Be "calm" and minimize negativity. (Gilbert, 2013)
Effective teaching focuses on the needs of the participants in the population. We will guide
you to create football and participate. good teacher Training to understand the needs of your
team Competitive Points, Intelligence, Discussion Clear health, rest and happiness.
what should they do Someone with a good education, training and experience. It is important
to know that negative training can cause a good problem. Instructions to improve and
maintain motivation. Information provided: Many examples of bad teaching and bad teachers
(Gilbert et al., 2001). Therefore, it is important to establish a recruitment, development and
placement system. obviously learning has taken place Be "quick" and minimize negatives.
Interestingly, women often use teaching more than men. This has a direct impact on how they
participate in sports. Women like to use physical training. Classes, yoga, etc. where the
teacher or the teacher is the source of the gift, while the men remain like focusing on team
sports where the coach doesn't have to. According to other things Research on sport
participation, black and minority groups and participants in People with disabilities are less
likely to use training than, for example, the white group or the able-bodied participant
(Townend, 2013).
8
References
Açak, M. a. (2018). Adaptation of the effect of sport on life skills scale to turkish culture.
Journal of İnönü University Educational Sciences Institute, 5(9): 74-86.Available at:
https://doi.org/10.29129/inujgse.360711.
Association, N. C. (2013). NCAA sports sponsorship and participation.
Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. San Francisco,
CA:.
Cronin., L. a. (2015). Developmental experiences and well-being in sport: The importance of
the coaching climate. The Sport Psychologist, 29(1): 62-71.Available at:
https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0045.
Eime, R.M., J.A. Young, J.T. Harvey, M.J. Charity and W.R. Payne. (2013). Eime, R.M., J.A.
Young, J.T. Harvey, M.J. CharityA systematic review of the psychological and social
benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents.
Era, N. (2018). Eating healthly. Windhoek: Era Press.
Ghildiyal, R. (2015). Role of sports in the development of an individual and role of
psychology in sports. Mens Sana Monographs, 13(1): 165-170.Available at:
https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1229.153335. psychology in sports.
Gilbert, W. D. (2013). Coaching Strategies for Youth Sports:.
Gould, D. K. (2014). Gould, D., K. CoCoaching life skills through football: A study of award
winning high school coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1): 1637.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200601113786.
Gould, D. K. (2017). Gould, D., K. Collins, L. Lauer and Y. Chung, 2007.A study of award
winning high school coaches. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1): 1637.Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200601113786.
Grace, J. (2019). Top Facts about the Importance of Sports in School. Beruit: Eastwood
Schools.
9
Hejazi, E. N. (2017). Hejazi, E., N. Babakhani Investigating the impact of interpersonal
communication skills on social development among female students. Tendenzen,
25(3): 1098-1111.
Jones, M. a. (2009). JonesExploring perceived life skills development and participation in
sport. Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise, 1(1): 36-50.
Kolburan, G. a. (2013). A developmental model proposal that reinforces the values acquired
in the first stage through life skills education among primary school second grade
students. pp: 246-247.
Marcus, B. H. (2013). Exercise Initiation, Adoption.
Matson, J. M. (2007). Social-skills treatments for children with autism spectrum disorders:
An overview. Behavior Modification, 31(5): 682-707.
Nezhad, M. R. (2013). Relationship between social-economic status of family and
adolescents'.
Perry, N. (2019). Increasing Student Participation, Retention in High School Sports.
Rengi, T. (2019). Sports for employment creation. Windhoek: Namibia.
Stergiadis, P. &. (2014). Stergiadis, P. Physical and Health Education. Windhoek: Centre for
External Studies University of Namibia.
Townend, R. a. (2013). Sports Coaching in the UK II, sports coach UK, Leeds,.
Union, N. S. (2022). Inter-house and Zonal Competition. Windhoek: NSSU.
Watt, S. K. (2001). Who are student athletes? New Directions for Student.
Wheeler, S. (2013). The significance of family culture for sports participation. International
review for the sociology of.
WHO. (2019). World Sports. Geneva: WHO.
Wright, J. M. (2013). Physical activity and young people: Beyond participation. Sport.
Zealand, D. (2018). Physical and Health Education 1. Windhoek: University of Namibia.
Zimbalist, A. (2013). Unpaid professionals: Commercialism and conflict in big-time college.
10
11