SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SEMINAR REPORT
on
IMAGE FUSION TECHNOLOGY
by
V.SAI NIKHIL
187Z1A0498
B. Tech. IV- I Sem – B Section
2021-2022
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
INSTITUTE’s VISION AND MISSION
VISION :

To be a premier institution ensuring globally competent and
ethically strong professionals.
MISSION :

To provide higher education by refining the traditional methods of
teaching to make globally competent professionals.

To impart quality education by providing the state of the art
infrastructure and innovative research facilities.

To practice and promote high standards
transparency and accountability.
of professional
ethics,
DEPARTMENT’s VISION AND MISSION
VISION:
 To produce creative Electronics and Communication engineering
graduates with cutting edge technology and Research to meetIndustry
and societal needs.
MISSION:
 To provide innovative learning environment to enable the students
to face the challenges.
 To provide value based education by promoting activities addressing
societal needs.
 To enable graduates to develop the skills to solve complex problems
in multidisciplinary activities.
A TECHNICAL SEMINAR REPORT
ON
IMAGE FUSION TECHNOLOGY
submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Under the Esteemed Guidance of
Mrs. E. SUNEETHA
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
by
V. SAI NIKHIL
187Z1A0498
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of Institutions
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH & Accredited by NBA and NAAC)
Chowdariguda, Medchal-Malkajgiri (Dist.), Hyderabad –500088, Telangana
2021-2022
Nalla Narasimha Reddy Education Society’s Group of
Institutions
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUH & Accredited by NBA and NAAC) Autonomous Institution
Chowdariguda, Medchal-Malkajgiri (Dist.), Hyderabad –500088, Telangana
School of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the technical seminar entitled “IMAGE FUSION TECHNOLOGY”
submittedby V. SAI NIKHIL (187Z1A0498) is in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelorof Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Hyderabad during the academic year 2021-22.
This technical seminar report is a record of bonafide work carried out by them under the
supervised guidance and has not been submitted to any other university or institution for the award of
any degree.
Seminar Coordinator
Head of the department
Mrs. E. SUNEETHA
Mr. P. S. SREENIVASA REDDY
Associate Professor
Associate Professor
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank, Mrs. E. SUNEETHA, Associate professor, internal guide for technical
seminar her wonderful support and unforgettable help towards the seminar. Without her
encouragement and constant guidance, I could not have finished this seminar and dissertation.
I would like to thank Mr. P.S. SREENIVASA REDDY, Associate Professor & Head of the
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for inspiring me to take up a technical
seminar on this subject and successfully guiding me towards its completion.
I would like to thank Dr. G. JANARDHANA RAJU, Dean, School of Engineering for
providing us/me by means of attaining our cherished goals.
I would like to thank Director Dr. C.V. KRISHNA REDDY whose sayings and teachings have
been pivotal for me in all aspects of my academics. He has stood beside me in all the difficult times,
and his love has helped me to overcome all the failures and success.
I express my gratitude to the institution NALLA NARASIMHA REDDY EDUCATION
SOCIETY’S GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS.
Last but not the least, I would like to thank all the faculty members & lab instructors for the
timely inputs and help for the successful completion of the technical seminar.
V. SAI NIKHIL - 187Z1A0498
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
i
LIST OF FIGURES AND TALBLES
ii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 PRESENT SCENARIO
4
1.2 LIMITATIONS OF ABOVE SYSTEM
4
CHAPTER 2: SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
5
2.1.1 IMAGE REGISTRATION
5
2.1.2 DECOMPOSITION OF DWT
5
2.1.3 LOW FREQUENCY BAND FUSION
7
2.1.4 HIGH FREQUENCY BAND FUSION
7
2.1.5 FUSION RULES
8
2.1.5.1 MAXIMUM SELECTION (MS) SCHEME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
8
2.1.5.2 WEIGHTED AVERAGE (WA) SCHEME
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8
2.1.5.3 WINDOW BASED VERIFICATION (WBV) SCHEME ----------------------------------------------------------------
2.1.6 EXTRACTION AND CONCATENATION OF COEFFICIENTS
9
------------------------------------
2.1.7 RECONSTRUCTION USING IDWT
9
10
CHAPTER 3: ALGORTIHMS
3.1 ALGORITHM OF MULTILEVEL DECOMPOSITION
----------------------------------------------------------
3.2 ALGORITHM FOR ABSOLUTE COEFFICIENT DECOMPOSITION
------------------------------------
3.3 ALGORITHM OF REMOVAL OF NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT DECOMPOSITION
--------------
11
11
12
3.4 FLOW CHART
13
CHAPTER 4: RESULT
4.1 RESULT
14
4.1 PARAMETRIC EVALUATION
16
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
CONSLUSION
17
LIST OF SEMINARS PRESENTED
18
REFERENCES
19
ABSTRACT
An oximeter is a device. which measures the amount of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood. It also
measures the rate of heartbeat.
Person place’s finger on the sensor. Small laser beams flow through the blood in the finger, and the light is
picked up by a sensor on the other side of the tissue.
The oximeter measures for certain if blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated by analyzing variations in light
absorption. The results are shown on the monitor and in the Blynk App.
A healthy person’s oxygen level is 95% to 100% of spO2(Saturation Of Peripheral Oxygen), if the spO2
reading of a person is less than 85% then person will suffered with severe hypoxemia.
The MAX30100 pulse oximeter sensor is designed for such a node MCU based project. The MAX30100
sensor is a hybrid of a pulse oximeter and a heart rate monitor. into a single device. It captures Two LEDs
are used to display pulse oximeter and heart rate readings. a photo detector, specialized optics, and lownoise digital signals processing .In this report, the plan and execution of a minimal expense, compact and
wearable beat oximeter is introduced. A heartbeat oximeter is a painless gadget prepared to do observing
the blood's oxygen immersion. It has been broadly utilized in the clinical, wellness and clinical consideration
universes. A minimal expense wearable oximeter device can fundamentally extend its relevance. The
objective of this project was to plan and construct a minimal expense wearable heartbeat oximeter device,
by utilizing iot based sensors and microcontrollers.
i
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1 ORIGINAL CT IMAGE
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2
FIGURE 1.2 ORIGINAL PET IMAGE
--------------------------------------------------------
3
FIGURE 2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF IMAGE FUSION
--------------------------------------
5
FIGURE 2.2 IMAGE DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM
USING 2-D WAVELET TRANSFORMATION
-----------------------------
6
FIGURE 2.3 IMAGE DECOMPOSITION SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
USING 2-D DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMATION
-----------
FIGURE 2.4 IMAGE FUSION
6
9
FIGURE 2.5 RECONSTRUCTION USING IDWT ---------------------------------------------------- 10
FIGURE 3.1 FLOW CHART OF ALGORITHM ------------------------------------------------------- 13
FIGURE 4.1 FUSION OF IMAGES BY HAAR -------------------------------------------------------- 14
FIGURE 4.2 DECOMPOSITION OF IMAGES BY HAAR ------------------------------------------ 14
FIGURE 4.3 FUSION OF IMAGES BY DAUBECHIES --------------------------------------------- 15
FIGURE 4.4 DECOMPOSITION OF IMAGES BY DAUBECHIES ------------------------------- 15
FIGURE 4.5 FUSION OF IMAGES BY SYMLET ---------------------------------------------------- 16
FIGURE 4.6 DECOMPOSITION OF IMAGES BY SYMLET -------------------------------------- 16
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 PARAMETERS OF INPUT IMAGES
---------------------------------------------------
16
TABLE 2 PARAMETERS OF FUSED IMAGES
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16
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IMAGE FUSION TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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Introduction:
Pulse oximeter is a clinical instrument that can distinguish pulse and oxygen immersion as marks of
our degree of medical issue. It tends to be carried out as a little gadget, and consequently, has been utilized
broadly in various applications. The fluctuation in the retention coefficient of photons going through
human tissues at different intervals is the fundamental principle behind the pulse oximeter. Since
individuals are mindful about how much oxygen immersion in our blood, the particular frequency area
ought to be settled which is the most delicate to the oxygen in our blood.
Oxygenated haemoglobin and deoxygenated haemoglobin are two proteins found in our blood that can be
used to quantify the amount of oxygen in our blood., have more grounded safeguards of light with
frequency in the scope of 650 nm to 1000 nm. In this frequency range, different layers of human body, for
example water and fat, have an extremely low assimilation coefficient contrasting and that of oxygenated
hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin.
Additionally fortunately the light retention of Hemoglobin and deoxy-Hemoglobin at the two distinct
frequencies is unique. At the point when the illumination of around 650 nm wave frequency is produced to
our blood, deoxy-Hemoglobin ingests more than oxygen.
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1.1 Rationale:
The rationale behind everything, as well as some essential elements Patients' oxygen saturation (SpO2) is measured to
detect early hypoxia and assess the efficiency of oxygen treatment. Nurses should know how to assess SpO2 levels
with a pulse oximeter and what the normal range is for SpO2 values. SpO2 levels are A pulse oximeter, which requires
inserting a probe on the participant's finger, is used to determine this, toe, or ear lobe. Clinically, a SpO2 level of less
than 90 percent of the total is considered critical. Unless otherwise proven, the nurse should assume the patient is
anaemic if the SpO2 level is less than 94 percent, and supplemental oxygen may be necessary. Anemia, peripheral
vasoconstriction, and olive skin are all variables that might alter SpO2 results, so nurses should be aware of these.
1.2 Methodology:
Pulse oximetry detects oxygen saturation using photo detection methods, which involves lighting the skin
and detecting changes in light absorption of oxygen contained and oxygen not contained blood using two
lights, red light and blue light from sensor. Which is not visible . To determine the pulse oximeter's estimate
of arterial saturation, the ratio of absorption spectra at various wavelengths is calculated and calibrated against
visible evidence of oxygen saturation. Waveform on most oximeters can assist physicians distinguish
between an artifact and the real signal.
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1.3 Existing System: A pulse oximeter is used just for monitering once heart rate and oxygen levels
individually, it can’t help the patient to connect with doctor virtually.

Currently, pulse oximeters are built with Arduino and Node MCU.Existing systems just
display the values of spo2 and BPM

Those values are not accessed by the doctor at the time of reading of patient at home or office

Existing systems are not IOT based

No involvement of INTERNET in it

After reading the values MCU, the patient must always consult a physician.
1.4 Proposed System: The pulse oximeter which is proposed by us is patient-friendly as well as doctor
friendly.

This device is very easily operated and affordable so anybody can make use of this device

One of the most improvements in respiratory monitoring is pulse oximetry.

Values displayed on the Pulse Oximeter are accessed by the doctor through the Blynk app

Instead of direct consultancy, virtual solution provider should be used.
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CHAPTER 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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2.1 Objective
The goal of the project is to design and construct a patient monitoring system. which might monitor
BPM(beats per minute) and SpO2(saturated peripheral oxygen )values. We developed a wireless
monitoring system using a Node MCU module. To develop a health-monitoring system that integrates both
IC and mobile platforms.
2.2 Problem Statement
As we all know, patient monitors are important for keeping track of patients' health, especially in critical care
units (ICU). As a response, there is a strong demand for patient monitors, but there are a number of issues,
such as a shortage of space in hospitals and the existence for high-cost wiring and installation upkeep. The
issues can be solved by utilising a low - power wireless network to ensure that patients can be monitored
continuously by doctors, nurses, or caretakers from anywhere and at any time, even if they are at home.
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2.3 Software Details:
2.3.1 LIBRARY
2.3.1.1 MAX30100_PulseOximeter
This library is used to measure the values of BPM (Beats per minute) and SpO2(Saturated Peripheral
Oxygen) using Pulse oximeter sensor.
2.3.1.2 Blynk
- The purpose of using this library to establish communication between smart phone and Node MCU.
-Blynk's software, on the other hand, is even simpler than the hardware. Blynk is excellent for modest
applications like remote temperature monitoring. It's what I'm using in my living room to control RGB LED
strips. You may built a task dashboard and integrate buttons, sliders, charts, and other gadgets into the screen
after installing the Blynk program. We can use this devices to switch on and off, as well as monitor data from
sensors.
-This library designed for the Internet Of Things. It is used to display the values of BPM and SpO2. which
are displayed on serial monitor.
2.3.1.3 ESP8266
This library gives ESP8266 explicit Wi-Fi schedules that we are calling to interface with the organization.
The genuine association with Wi-Fi is instated by calling: begin.In any case,The Arduino project made an
open-source gear plan and programming SDK for their adaptable IoT controller. The Arduino hardware, like
the Node MCU, is a microcontroller board with a USB port, LED lights, and standard data pins. It in like
manner describes standard association focuses to communicate with sensors or various sheets. However, not
by any stretch of the imagination like Node MCU, the Arduino board can have different sorts of CPU chips
(normally an ARM or Intel x86 chip) with memory chips, and a grouping of programming conditions. For
the ESP8266 chip, there is also an Arduino reference plan. In any case, the flexibility of Arduino moreover
suggests colossal assortments across different shippers. For example, most Arduino sheets will not have any
WIFI limitations, and some even have a consecutive data port as opposed to a Universal Serial Bus port.
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2.1.1. Low Frequency Band Fusion:
Since the low frequency band is the original image at coarser resolution level, it can be considered
as a smoothed and subsampled version of the original image. Based on the pervious analysis of the
characteristics of the CT & MR images, here for the low frequency band, a maximum-selection (MS) fusion
rule to produce a single set of coefficients is used firstly. The scheme selects the largest absolutewavelet
coefficient at each location from the input images as the coefficient at that location in the fusedimage:
2.3.2 Arduino IDE
Arduino IDE is a free software. This is implemented by the Arduino.cc Mainly used to write code and also
to compile the written code .which plays a major role in uploading code to the microcontroller like Node
MCU , Arduino board.
It is accessible for all working frameworks for example Mac,Windows and Linux and runs on the Java
Platform that accompanies inbuilt capacities and orders that assume a fundamental part in investigating,
altering and gathering the code.
On the PCB of each of them is a microcontroller that has been changed and recognises the data as code.
The principal code, otherwise called a sketch, made on the IDE stage will eventually create a Hex File which
is then moved and transferred in the regulator on the board.
The climate chiefly consist of two parts: one is Editor and another is Compiler where previous is used for
composing the expected code and other is used for accumulating and trasmitting the code into the Arduino
software.
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2.3.3. Operating System
A functioning structure can similarly maintain APIs that engage applications to utilize OS and hardware limits
without the need to have a lot of understanding into the low-level OS or gear state. A Windows API, for
example, can allow an application to obtain input from a control center or mouse. make GUI parts, similar to
trade windows and buttons; read and create records to a limit device; and that is only the start. Applications
are frequently altered to use the functioning structure on which the application means to run.
2.4 Hardware Details:
2.4.1 NODE MCU
WIFI capability, fundamental pin, electronic pins, and sequential correspondence displays are all included on
the Node MCU Development board. Regardless of whether Node MCU is used in IoT applications, we must
first understand how to generate and download Node MCU firmware on Node MCU Development Boards.
Besides, before that where this Node MCU firmware will get as per our need. There are online Node MCU
custom structures available using which we can without a doubt get our custom Node MCU firmware as
indicated by our need.
The Micro Controller Unit (Node MCU) is an open-source programming and hardware development
environment based on the ESP8266, a low-power System-on-a-Chip. The ESP8266, arranged and delivered
by Espressif Systems, contains the imperative parts of a PC: CPU, RAM, putting together (WIFI), and,
shockingly, a state-of-the-art working structure and SDK. That makes it a wonderful choice for Internet of
Things (IoT) exercises. In any case,The Arduino project made an open-source gear plan and programming
SDK for their adaptable IoT controller. The Arduino hardware, like the Node MCU, is a microcontroller
board with a USB port, LED lights, and standard data pins. It in like manner describes standard association
focuses to communicate with sensors or various sheets. However, not by any stretch of the imagination like
Node MCU, the Arduino board can have different sorts of CPU chips (normally an ARM or Intel x86 chip)
with memory chips, and a grouping of programming conditions. For the ESP8266 chip, there is also an
Arduino reference plan. In any case, the flexibility of Arduino moreover suggests colossal assortments across
different shippers.
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2.4.2 MAX30100
Oximeter Sensor
MAX30100 is a heartbeat rate screen sensor. This sensor includes two Light Diodes LEDs, (one produces
infrared light and other radiates red light) modifiable optics, low upheaval signal processor. which recognizes
heart beat rate signal. This module can be planned by programming registers, and its outcome data is placed
away in sixteen FIFOs on this module.
The I2C interface connects this sensor to the other micro controller. The beat assessment structure in this
module has Ambient light dropping, sixteendigit ADC, and a period channel. It has an I2C progressed
association highlight talk with a host microcontroller. MAX30100 has incorporating light withdrawal, sixteen
cycle ADC and time channel. This module uses low power which makes it usable for battery worked systems.
It chips away at the voltage extent of 1.8 to 3.3V as earlier we analyzed that it has two Light Emitting Diodes,
one exudes red light with the recurrence of (650nm) and other sends infrared with the recurrence of (950nm).
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2.5 Process Design
2 .5.1 Use- case :
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2 .5.2 Activity :
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2 .5.3 Class:
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2 .5.4 State chart:
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Chapter 3
Implementation
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3.1 Block diagram
The above block diagram represents our project workflow, when the patient places a finger just above the
oximeter sensor then it reads the SpO2(Saturated Peripheral Oxygen) and BPM(Beats Per Minute) values of
the patient and can be visible to the patient through theserial monitor and those values can be monitored by
the doctor at a remote place using Blynk
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serial monitor and those values can be monitored by the doctor at a remote place using Blynk application.
The above block diagram is schematically represented as follows.
3.2 Schematic diagram:
3.2.1 Interfacing MAX30100 with Node MCU:
The MAX30100 sensor will be connected to the Node MCU. The connections and circuit schematic are given
above. You have complete control over the device's assembly. as shown in the figure above. The circuit for
the MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter utilizing the Node MCU is fairly simple to put together. The I2C bus is used
by the MAX30100 Oximeter Sensor. So, connect the oximeter modules' I2C pins (Serial clock & serial data)
to the Node MCU's d1 and D2 pins. connecting the Intrupt pin to the D0 pin of the Node MCU Similarly,
power the VCC pin with 3.3V and ground the GND pin. To construct your connections, you may basically
follow the circuit schematic. A microcontroller is a wonderful piece of technology. It must interface with the
outside environment to do numerous tasks (Input and Output devices). Interfacing is the process of linking
devices so that they may communicate with one another. These devices must have a similar network protocols
in order to exchange information.In general, communication protocols are categorized into two different
kinds: parallel and serial.
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A parallel interface is a multi-line channel capable of simultaneously delivering many bits of data on each
line. They frequently necessitate data buses, which transfer data across eight, sixteen, or more wires. The data
is sent in massive, crashing waves of 1s and 0s.
Serial interfaces send data across a wire one bit at a time. These connections can operate with as little as one
wire, but seldom exceed four. Serial interfaces have several benefits than parallel interfaces. The decrease in
wiring complexity is the most significant gain. Furthermore, because the wires in the cable contact less, serial
interface cables may be longer than serial interface cables.
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3.3 Working principle
The hardware implementation is covered in this part, which includes an IC circuit, as well as a wifi
Module and Blynk application. Pulse oximeters use similar methods to measure blood oxygen levels, It
involves the analysis of red and infrared light signals using the Fast Fourier Transform, as well as their
comparative absorption through a transparent area of a patient's body. This FFT computation is the ultimate
outcome of the digital signal processing implementation. All preceding steps should lead to this ultimate
outcome if possible. The steps that lead to the FFT Analog system control, analogue signal sampling, and
signal filtering are examples of computations. The blood oxygen concentration, known as SpO2, is measured
in percentages, whereas the heart rate, or BPM, is measured in beats per minute. The MAX30100 is a sensor
system that measures pulse oximetry and heart rate. MAX30100, an enhanced version of MAX30100, is also
an option.
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The oxygen saturation is measured with a pulse oximeter. We must first grasp what oxygen saturation is
before learning the concepts of how pulse oximeters function. Oxygen is introduced. It passes via the lungs
and into the bloodstream. The blood transports oxygen to our body's numerous organs. Hemoglobin is the
principal carrier of oxygen in our bloodstream. We'll refer to deoxygenated haemoglobin as without o2
The percentage of accessible haemoglobin that transports oxygen is referred to as oxygen saturation. Consider
the following scenarios. There are 16 haemoglobin units in all, but none of them contain oxygen. As a result,
the oxygen saturation is 0%.
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And whether it transports the 75 percent O2. Also, when all of the cells carry oxygen, the percentage will
be 100 percent.
The pulse Oximeters are available in a variety of forms and sizes, but the essential functioning principle is
the same. Some are clip-on, like the one in the image above, while others use the reflection approach, like the
one we're utilising. So we can measure the oxygen content as light passes or reflects.In animals with a closed
circulatory system, blood is the major circulatory fluid. It travels through the blood vessels and the heart.
Arteries and veins are the two basic types of blood vessels. Blood's primary purpose in the body is to transfer
oxygen and nutrients to the body's metabolising tissues. The heart is a muscle pump that pumps oxygenated
blood to metabolising tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart via veins
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3.4 Blynk Application
Blynk application is a platform that lets you develop interfaces for controlling and monitoring your hardware
projects from your android or IOS device fast and easily. After installing the Blynk programme and placing
buttons, sliders, graphs, and other widgets on the screen, you may create a project dashboard. The widgets
may be used to turn on and off pins as well as display data from sensors. There are probably hundreds of
tutorials available that can help you with the hardware for whatever project you're working on, but designing
the software interface is difficult.
It's what I'm using in my living room to control RGB LED strips. You may create a task dashboard and
integrate buttons, sliders, charts, and other gadgets into the screen after installing the Blynk program.
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3.4.1 Setting up of Blynk Application:
Blynk is an application that is available on Android and iOS mobile platforms that permits users to navigate
any IoT-based application. Which is used to built your own Internet of things application's graphical user
interface. We'll use the Node MCU ESP8266 to set up the Blynk application to monitor heart beat and oxygen
levels through Wi-Fi. So go to the Play Store and download the Blynk application. The App Store is where
iOS users may get it. Open the app after it has been installed and sign up with your username and password.
Presently click on "New Project". In the spring up set the boundaries like name, board and association type
as displayed in the photograph below. Select Node MCU as the gadget and Wi-Fi as the association type for
this MAX30100 ESP8266 project. Then, at that point, click on Create.
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CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION
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4.1 Conclusion
The oximeter described in this project is capable of detecting oxygen levels and BPM. This Particular values
can be monitored using Blynk Android / IOS application. This device is very easily operated and affordable,
so that anybody can make use of this device. Patients do not need to see a doctor if they use this gadget.
A low-cost mobile patient monitoring system made up of components that have been researched, tested, and
designed. On a cellular (mobile) smartphone platform, an infrared temperature sensor was coupled with a
three-lead Heart Rate monitor (client unit), which may be called a real-time communication method. The
receiving smartphone (consultation unit) must have application software installed.
It displays the Heart Rate and the Body Temperature by processing the data. The system's size and weight
have been greatly decreased, enhancing its flexibility and mobility.
Moreover, in emergency scenarios in rural areas where broadband data connections (such as GPRS, EDGE,
etc.) are absent, data may be the most appropriate, if not the only, mode of data delivery. Steps taken by the
microcontroller to extract the virtual models of Heart Rate and Temperature and transfer them to the
transmitter using the above-mentioned wireless transmission mechanism. In the future, more powerful
transmitters with longer ranges will be employed, and the ability to transfer data to the receiving location
over the internet will be tested.
4.2 Scope
The major goal of this research is to make it easier for individuals to test oxygen levels without having to
draw a single drop of blood. Displays the measured oxygen level in Smart Phone. Interfacing of Max30100
pulse oximetry sensor to the ESP8266. To familiarize with electronic circuit building.
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4.3 APPENDIX SCREENSHOTS
SYSTEM DESIGN
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CODE:
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4.5 OUTPUTS
4.5.1 Output from the serial monitor
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4.5.2 Output from the Blynk app
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LIST OF SEMINARS PRESENTED
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BARCODE
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BATTERY
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BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY
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ROBOT FOR MULTIPURPOSE
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REFERENCES
4.6 References
[1] Inpatient Newborn Care with Oxygen. Technical Brief on Do No Harm Every Preemie
SCALE, Washington, DC obtained from
https://www.everypreemie.org/wpcontent/uploads/2019/09/SafeOxygen_english_7.6.17.pd
f
[2] WHO stands for the World Health Organization (2015). Interventions recommended
by the WHO to enhance preterm birth outcomes. Switzerland, Geneva. obtained from
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitst1ream/handle/10665/183037/9789241508988
_eng.pdf?sequence=1
[3] Heart rates are normally within a "normal" range, but they differ from one individual
to the next.
https://www.livescience.com/42081-normal-heart-rate.html
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