pdf-cj4-ptm compress

HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF XIHDK@ I@CPCDK RIQCXCDK >.>: AfcomtXjaity Cktirkjtcdkjf, Ckh. Ljrcki Jcr Pirlckjf, FjOujr`cj Jcrpdrt Afusmcko, Kiw Sdre ::8?: (?:=) 919-0:>> www.AfcomtXjaity.hdl A D R P R J C K C K O ^ Y R ^ D X I X D K FS FS KDPCHI Pmi ljtircjf hdktjcki`Jcrpfjki ck tmcs trjckcko ljkujf^cfdt cs bjsi` dk jk` ckadrljtcdk dbtjcki` ardl Ct tmi jcrhrjat ljkuajhturir–s Afcomt Ljkujf, Ljkujf, Ljcktikjkhi Ljkujfs. cs td bi usi` adr ajlcfcjrczjtcdk jk` trjckcko purpdsis dkfy. Jt tmi tcli da prcktcko prcktcko ct hdktjcki` hdktjcki` tmik-hurr tmik-hurrikt ikt ckadrljtcd ckadrljtcdk. k. Ck tmi ivikt ivikt da da hdk󿬂cht bitwiik `jtj prdvcì` mirick jk` tmjt ck pubfchjtcdks cssui` by tmi ljkuajhturir dr tmi AJJ, tmjt da tmi ljkuajhturir dr tmi AJJ smjff tjei prihiìkhi. _i jt AfcomtXjaity wjkt ydu td mjvi tmi bist trjckcko pdsscbfi. _i wifhdli jky suooistcdks ydu lcomt mjvi adr clprdvcko tmcs ljkujf dr jky dtmir jspiht da dur trjckcko prdorjl. A D R P R J C K C K O ^ Y R ^ D X I X D K FS FS Hdursis adr tmi HG0 jcrhrjat jri tjuomt jt tmi adffdwcko AfcomtXjaity Fijrkcko Hiktirs7 _chmctj Hisskj Fijrkcko Hiktir AfcomtXjaity Cktirkjtcdkjf :=9: Jcrpdrt Rdj` _chmctj, Ejksjs 1?2>3 ^mdki7 (8:1) 22>-8:>> Pdff Arii7 (=>>) 0==-8:20 Ajx7 (8:1) 22>-8:80 Hdpyrcomt © 2>:0 AfcomtXjaity Cktirkjtcdkjf, Ckh. Ykjutmdrczi` riprdùhtcdk dr `cstrcbutcdk cs prdmcbcti`. Jff rcomts risirvi`. CKXIRP FJPIXP RIQCXI@ ^JOIX, @IXPRDS XYÎRXI@I@ ^JOIX FCXP DA IAAIHPCQI ^JOIX @jtis da cssui adr drcockjf jk` hmjkoi` pjois jri7 Xihdk` I`ctcdk ............>.> ............ >.> ......Gjkujry ......Gjkujry 2>:8 Rivcscdk ..................... .....................>.>: >.>: ........ Ljrhm 2>:0 KDPI7 Adr prcktcko purpdsis, rivcscdk kulbirs ck addtirs dhhur jt tmi bdttdl da iviry pjoi tmjt mjs hmjkoi` ck jky wjy (orjlljtchjf dr typdorjpmchjf rivcscdks, ri 󿬂dw da pjois, jk` dtmir hmjkois tmjt `d kdt kihissjrcfy jaaiht tmi lijkcko da tmi ljkujf). PMCX ^YBFCHJPCDK ^YBFCHJPCDK HDKXCXPX DA PMI ADFFD_CKO7 ^joi Kd. *Rivcscdk Kd. ^joi Kd. *Rivcscdk Kd. Hdvir ......................... ................................................... .......................... >.>: 3-c ‐3-cv ........................ ............................................... ....................... >.> Hdpyrcomt ....................... ............................................... ........................ >.> c‐vc........................ c‐vc ................................................. ................................ ....... >.> :-c‐:-cv ......................... ................................................. ........................ >.> :-:‐:-: ........................ ................................................ ........................ >.> :-2‐:-2 ........................ .............................................. ...................... >.>: :-8‐:-:2 ...................... .............................................. ........................ >.> 2-c‐2-cv ......................... ................................................. ........................ >.> 2-:‐2-0 ........................ ................................................ ........................ >.> 2-9‐2-9 ........................ .............................................. ...................... >.>: 2-1‐2-:: ...................... .............................................. ........................ >.> 2-:2‐2-:2 ......................... .......................................... ................. >.>: 2-:8‐2-:0 ......................... ............................................ ................... >.> 8-c‐8-cv ......................... ................................................. ........................ >.> 8-:‐8-= ........................ ................................................ ........................ >.> 0-c‐0-cc ...................... ................................................ ............................ .. >.> 0-:‐0-= ........................ ................................................ ........................ >.> 9-c‐9-cv ......................... ................................................. ........................ >.> 9-:‐9-: ........................ ................................................ ........................ >.> 9-2‐9-2 ........................ ................................................ ........................ >.> .............................................. ........................ >.> 9-8‐9-:0 ...................... 1-c ‐1-cc......................... ............................................... ...................... >.>: ?-c ‐?-cv ....................... ............................................... ........................ >.> ?-: ‐?-:1 ......................... ............................................ ................... >.> =-c ‐=-cv ....................... ............................................... ........................ >.> =-: ‐=-= .............................................. .............................................. >.> 3-: ‐3-:> ............................................ ............................................ :>-c ‐:>-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :>-: ‐:>-:1 ........................................ ........................................ ::-c ‐::-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... ::-: ‐::-:> ........................................ ........................................ :2-c ‐:2-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :2-: ‐:2-:> ........................................ ........................................ :8-c ‐:8-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :8-: ‐:8-= .......................................... .......................................... :0-c ‐:0-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :0-: ‐:0-:0 ........................................ ........................................ :9-c ‐:9-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :9-: ‐:9-:1 ........................................ ........................................ :1-c ‐:1-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :1-: ‐:1-90 ........................................ ........................................ :?-c ‐:?-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :?-: ‐:?-:> ........................................ ........................................ :=-c ‐:=-cv ........................ ........................................... ................... :=-: ‐:=-20 ........................................ ........................................ ........................................... ................... :3-c ‐:3-cv ........................ :3-: ‐:3-20 ........................................ ........................................ 2>-c ‐2>-cc ......................... ............................................ ................... 2>-: ‐2>-0 ....................... .......................................... ................... 2:-c ‐2:-cc ......................... ............................................ ................... 2:-: ‐2:-1 .......................................... .......................................... *Wird ck tmcs hdfulk ck`chjtis jk drcockjf pjoi. >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> >.> ^joi Kd. *Rivcscdk Kd. ..................................... ......... >.> _J-: ‐_J-21 ............................ J^^J-: J^^ J-: ‐J^^J-1 ‐J^^J-1 ....................... ................................ ......... >.> J^^B-: ‐J^^B-:> ‐J^^B-:> ........................ ............................. ..... >.> J^^H-: ‐J^^H-2 ............................. >.>: JKK-: ‐JKK-2 .......................... ................................... ......... >.> *Wird ck tmcs hdfulk ck`chjtis jk drcockjf pjoi. HDKPIKPX Hmjptir : JCRHRJAP OIKIRJF Hmjptir 2 IFIHPRCHJF ^D ^D_IR _IR XSXPILX Hmjptir 8 FCOMPCKO Hmjptir 0 LJXPIR _JRKCKO XSXPIL Hmjptir 9 AYIF XSXPIL Hmjptir Hmjpt ir 1 JY]CFCJRS JY]CFCJR S ^D_IR XSXP XSXPIL IL Hmjptir ? ^D_IR^FJKP ^D _IR^FJKP Hmjptir = ACRI ^RD ^RDPIHPCDK PIHPCDK Hmjptir 3 ^KIYLJPCHX ^KIYLJ PCHX Hmjptir :> CHI JK@ RJCK ^RD ^RDPIHPCDK PIHPCDK Hmjptir :: Hmjptir :2 JCR HDK@CPCDKCKO ^RIXXYRCWJPCDK ^RIXXYRCWJ PCDK Hmjptir :8 MS@RJYFCH ^D ^D_IR _IR XSXPIL Hmjptir :0 FJK@CKO OIJR JK@ BRJEIX Hmjptir :9 AFCOMP HDKPRDFX Hmjptir Hmjpt ir :1 JQCDKC QCDKCHX HX Hmjptir :? D]SOIK XSXPIL Hmjptir := LJKIYQIRX JK@ ^RDHI@YRIX Hmjptir :3 _ICOMP JK@ BJFJKHI Hmjptir 2> AFCOMP ^FJKKCKO JK@ ÎRADRLJKHI Hmjptir 2: HRI_ RIXDYRHI LJKJ LJKJOILIKP OILIKP _JFEJRDYK@ J^ÎK@C] J J^ÎK@C] B J^ÎK@C] H JKKYKHCJPDR ^JKIF CKPIKPCDKJFFS FIAP BFJKE F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR : JCRHRJAP OIKIRJF HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. :-: XPRYHPYRIX ...................................................................................................................... :-2 Kdsi Xihtcdk........................... ....................................................... ........................................................ ......................................................... ................................ ... :-2 Afcomt Hdlpjrtlikt ....................................................................................................... :-9 Hjbck .............................................................................................................................. :-? Iliroikhy Ixct .............................................................................................................. :-= _cko ............................................................................................................................... :-= Pjcf Hdki Hdlpjrtlikt ................................................................................................. :-= Ilpikkjoi ..................................................................................................................... :-3 XSXPILX.............................................................................................................................. :-3 Ifihtrchjf Xystil ............................................................................................................ :-3 Auif Xystil .................................................................................................................... :-3 Ikockis ........................................................................................................................... :-3 Chi ^rdtihtcdk ................................................................................................................ :-:> My`rjufch Xystil ......................................................................................................... :-:> Afcomt Hdktrdfs.............................................................................................................. Hdktrdfs.............................................................................................................. :-:> Ikvcrdkliktjf Hdktrdfs................................................................................................ :-:> Jvcdkchs ........................................................................................................................ :-:: _ICOMPX .................................................................................................................... :-:: ^YBFCHJPCDKX ......................................................................................................... :-:: FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................. ...... :-:: ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................. :-:: ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-c : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CKPIKPCDKJFFS FIAP BFJKE :-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi :-:. HG0 Jcrhrjat ............................................................................................................... :-2 :-2. Ixtircdr jk` Cktircdr @clikscdks .............................................................................. :-8 :-8. Brjecko Pjxc Pjxc Purkcko Purkcko Rj`cus ......................... ..................................................... ........................................................ ................................ .... :-0 :-0. @jkoir Jrijs @urcko Xtjrts jk` Orduk` Dpirjtcdk ............................ .................................................. ...................... :-9 :-9. Fiat Kdsi Bjoojoi @ddr ........................................................................................... :-9 :-1. Rcomt Kdsi Bjoojoi @ddr ......................................................................................... :-9 :-?. Hjbck Iktry @ddr ...................................................................................................... :-1 :-=. Iktry @ddr jk` Rifijsi Buttdk ................................................................................. :-1 :-3. @ddr ^ck Ck`chjtdr ..................................................................................................... :-? :-:>. Cktircdr Jrrjkoilikts ................................................................................................ :-? :-::. Iliroikhy Ixct ......................................................................................................... :-= :-:2. _cko Prjcfcko Iòi.......................... ...................................................... ........................................................ .............................................. .................. :-= :-:8. Pjcf Hdki Bjoojoi @ddr ........................................................................................... :-= :-:0. Ilpikkjoi ............................................................................................................... :-3 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-ccc F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE :-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR : JCRHRJAP OIKIRJF CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs ljkujf prdvcìs j ìshrcptcdk da tmi ljgdr jcrarjli jk` ikocki systils ck tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Pmcs ljtircjf `dis kdt supirsiì, kdr cs ct lijkt td substctuti adr, jky da tmi ljkuajhturir–s ljcktikjkhi dr flcomt ljkujfs. Pmi ljtircjf prisikti` mjs biik pripjri` ardl ìscok `jtj jvjcfjbfi jt prcktcko. Pmcs hmjptir hdvirs tmi struhturjf ljeiup da tmi jcrhrjat jk` ocvis jk dvirvciw da tmi systils. OIKIRJF Pmi HG0 jcrhrjat cs hirtc﬊i` ck jhhdr`jkhi wctm HAR ^jrt 28 Hdllutir Hjtiodry, ckhfu`cko `jy, kcomt, QAR, CAR, jk` flcomt cktd ekdwk chcko hdk- `ctcdks. Pmi HG0 jcrhrjat cs hirtc﬊i` adr sckofi pcfdt dpirjtcdks. Pmcs jcrhrjat cs hdlpfcjkt hdlpfcjkt wctm wctm jff riùhi` virtchjf sipjrjtcdk lckcluls (RQXL). ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-: F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF XPRYHPYRIX Pmi HG0 jcrhrjat cs j prissurczi` fdw-wcko jcrhrjat (Acouri :-:). Pwd _cffcjls AG00-0J auff-jutmdrcty `coctjf ikocki hdktrdffi` (AJ@IH) turbdajk ikockis jri pyfdk- ldukti` dk tmi rijr ausifjoi. Pmi jcrarjli cs hdkviktcdkjf ck ìscok, ckhdrpdrjtcko jfulckul jffdys, stiif, jk` dtmir ljtircjfs js jpprdprcjti. Ijhm `ddr mjs twd mckois jt tmi tdp, j eiy-dpirjti` sihurcty hjl fdhe, adrwjr` pck fjthm, jk` twd ckìpikìkt pj``fi pj``fi fjthmis (Acouri :-9). Ca tmi pck fjthm jk` pj``fi fjthmis jri kdt fjthmi`, tmi jlbir KDXI @DDR F dr R HJX lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX wck`dw, j hmcli sduk`s, jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Acouri :-2 cffustrjtis tmi jpprdxcljti ixtircdr jk` cktircdr `clikscdks da tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Jk dvir hiktir ojs sprcko dk ijhm `ddr mdf`s tmi `ddr ck tmi auff dpik pdsctcdk uktcf tmi `ddr cs ljkujffy hfdsi`. Acouri :-8 cffustrjtis brjecko tjxc turkcko rj`cus jk` Acouri :-0 cs j `cjorjl da ikocki mjzjr` jrijs. jr ijs. HJYPCDK KDXI XIHPCDK Pmi kdsi sihtcdk cs jk ukprissurczi` bjoojoi jrij. Pmi kdsi bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt cs :9 hubch aiit jk` mdf`s up td 0>> pduk`s tdtjf wctm j 89 pduk` pir squjri addt flddr fclct. Pmi hdlpjrtli hdlpjrtlikt kt cs jhhisscbfi tmrduom fdhejbfi `ddrs dk ictmir scì da tmi jcrhrjat. Iksuri tmi eiys jri rildvi` prcdr td flcomt td privikt pdsscbfi ckoistcdk da j eiy cktd jk ikocki. Qjrcdus jcrarjli bdttfi, bdtt fi, jk` vjrcdus vjr cdussystils jvcdkc jv cdkchs hshdlpdkikts, hdlpdkik hdlp dkikts tstmi jri dxyoik fdhjti` fdhjt i` bimck` tmi wjffs jk` ukìrkijtm tmi flddr da tmi kdsi bjoojoi jrij (Acouri :-1). Acouri :-:. HG0 Jcrhrjat :-2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS Rivcscdk >.>: F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF 9> AIIP :> CKHMIX (:9.03 L) 22 AIIP : CKHM (1.?8 L) 9? CKHMIX (:.09 L) 9= CKHMIX (:.0? L) :2 AIIP 0 CKHMIX (8.?1 L) 1> CKHMIX (:.92 L) HJBCK @DDR :=: CKHMIX (0.1> L) 2? CKHMIX (.13 L) 20 CKHMIX (.1: L) 0= CKHMIX (:.22 L) :9 CKHMIX (.8= L) :: CKHMIX (.2= L) ILIROIKHS I]CP :3 CKHMIX (.0= L) :9 AIIP 0 CKHMIX (0.1? L) 23 CKHMIX (.?0 L) ORDYK@ FCKI 2: AIIP 2 CKHMIX (1.09 L) 98 AIIP 0 CKHMIX (:1.21 L) Acouri :-2. Ixtircdr jk` Cktircdr @clikscdks ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-8 : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF _CKO-PC^ FCOMP PD _CKO-PC^ FCOMP 18.>9 AIIP (:3.22 L) HYRB-PD-HYRB 80.02 AIIP (:>.03 L) :2.8> AIIP (8.?9 L) 22.:2 AIIP (1.?0 L) Acouri :-8. Brjecko Pjxc Pjxc Purkcko Purkcko Rj`cus :-0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF LJ] ^D_IR QIFDHCPS @RD^X PD 2> L^M LJ] ^D_IR PILÎRJPYRI @RD^X PD 88¾H 20 AIIP (?.8 L) RJ@CYX 2? AIIP (=.8 L) ?> AIIP (2:.8 L) :>> AIIP (8>.0= L) ? AIIP (2 L) :=> AIIP (90.=? L) FIOIK@ JRIJ PD BI BI HFIJRI@ HFIJRI@ DA ÎRXDKKIF/IZY ÎRXDKKIF/IZYC^LIKP C^LIKP BIADRI BIADRI IKOCKI IKOCKI XPJRP DR DR @YRCKO C@FI. PMCX J@@CPCDKJF JRIJ LYXP BI HFIJRI@ DA ÎRXDKKIF BIADRI DÎRJPCKO JP LJ] PMRYXP. Acouri :-0. @jkoir Jrijs @urcko Xtjrts jk` Orduk` Dpirjtcdk AFCOMP HDL^JRPLIKP HJBCK IKPRS @DDR Pmi jcrhrjat cs iqucppi` wctm ùjf hdktrdfs, ckhfu`cko hdktrdf ydeis, brjeis, jk` ru`ìr pi`jfs jt ijhm hriw sijt. Pmi hriw sijts jri auffy j`gustjbfi wctm ﬊vi-pdckt ristrjckt systils. Pmi iktcri sucti cs ìscoki` adr sckofi pcfdt dpirjtcdks but mjs twd hdlpfiti hriw stjtcdks. Cktircdr hdhepct fcomtcko adr pjkifs, bjhefcomtcko, bjhefcomtcko, jk` dvirmij` dvirmij` fldd` fldd` jk` ljp fcomts jri prdvcì` by FI@s (fcomt ilcttcko `cdìs). Pmi hjbck iktry `ddr cs dk tmi adrwjr` fiat scì da tmi ausifjoi (Acouri :-?). Pmi iktry `ddr dpiks dutbdjr` jk` adrwjr`. Acouri :-9. Fiat Kdsi Bjoojoi @ddr Acouri :-1. Rcomt Kdsi Bjoojoi @ddr Pmi `ddr cs sihuri` ck tmi hfdsi` pdsctcdk by icomt fdhecko pcks jttjhmi` jttjhmi` td j mjk`fi. Pmi mjk`fi hjk bi dpirjti` ardl tmi ckscì ckscì jk` dutscì dutscì da tmi jcrhrjat. Pmi ixtircdr mjk`fi hjk bi fdhei` wctm j eiy. eiy. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-9 : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Acouri :-?. Hjbck Iktry @ddr HJYPCDK Iksuri tmi eiy cs rildvi` prcdr td flcomt td privikt pdsscbfi ckoistcdk da j eiy cktd jk ikocki. Pmi `ddr cs mif` ck tmi auffy dpik pdsctcdk (:>>¾) by j oust-fdhe lihmjkcsl (Acouri :-=). :-=) . Jk j`gustjbfi stdp privikts tmi `ddr ardl dpikcko tdd ajr. ûsmcko tmi oust-fdhe rifijsi buttdk dk tmi fiat ckscì iòi da tmi `ddr ukfjthmis tmi `ddr jk` jffdws tmi `ddr td ldvi ariify (Acouri :-=). J adf`cko jcr stjcr cs ldukti` ckscì tmi iktrjkhi jk` ljy bi ìpfdyi` wmik tmi `ddr cs dpiki`. Pmi hjbck `ddr sijf dpirjtis dpirjti s pjsscvify js tmi hjbck cs prissurczi`. Pmi sijf `dis kdt ckfljti.. Hjbck prissuri 6:/2 psco cs vikti` vikti` tmrduom tmi `ddr wmik tmi mjk`fi cs puffi`. Ca hjbck prissuri cs ;:/2 psco tmi mjk`fi hjk kdt bi puffi` td dpik tmi `ddr. HJYPCDK Pmi fdhecko pcks wcff hdktjht jk` `jljoi tmi pjckti` surajhi da tmi ausifjoi ca jk jttilpt cs ljì td smut tmi `ddr wctm tmi mjk`fi ck tmi hfdsi` (up) pdsctcdk. _mik tmi `ddr cs hfdsi` jk` tmi mjk`fi cs fjthmi`, tmi icomt fdhecko pcks jri pusmi` cktd tmi fdhei` pdsctcdk pdsc tcdk.. Pmi pdsc pdsctcdk tcdk dk tmi pcks cs virca ci` tmrduom icomt vciw pdrts dk tmi ckscì pjkif da tmi iktry `ddr (Acouri :- 3). _mik tmi `ddr cs hfdsi` Acouri :-=. Iktry @ddr jk` Rifijsi Buttdk tmi pcfdt smduf` sii tmi wmcti jk` bfjhe ck`chjtdrs ck ijhm pdrt. Pmi fdhecko lihmjkcsl cs jfsd ifihtrdkchjffy ldkctdri` by prdxclcty swcthmis dk tmi `ddrwjy surrduk`, tmi pck fdhecko brjheit, jk` tmi ckkir mjk`fi. :-1 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Acouri :-3. @ddr ^ck Ck`chjtdr Ca jky da tmi prdxclcty swcthmis `d kdt siksi tmi `ddr lihmjkcsl cs hfdsi`, tmi jlbir HJBCK @DDR HJX lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX, j hmcli sduk`s, jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK HJBCK @DDR RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck ck tmi jpprdvi` jpprdvi` hmihefcst. hmihefcst. J mckoi` pjkif jt tmi ljck hjbck `ddr tmrismdf` cs usi` js j wjtir bjrrcir ùrcko `cthmcko. _mik rjcsi` jk` fjthmi`, ct riùhis wjtir iktry cktd tmi jcrhrjat jk` ikjbfis tmi usi da tmi iktrjkhi `ddr js jk ixct ùrcko `cthmcko. _JRKCKO Pmi wjtir bjrrcir lust bi ljkujffy rjcsi` jk` fjthmi` cktd pdsctcdk prcdr td `cthmcko. ILIROIKHS I]CP HJBCK Pmi hjbck ixtik`s ardl tmi adrwjr` adr wjr` td tmi jat prissuri bufemij`s jk` lijsuris jpprdxcljti jpprdxcljtify fy 22 aiit ck fikotm, 0.= aiit ck wc`tm, jk` 0.?9 aiit ck micomt. Pmi stjk`jr` hjbck hdk﬊ourjtcdk hdkscsts da scx hiktir hfub sijts (twd ajhcko jat jk` adur ajhcko adrwjr`) wctm j siviktm siviktm sijt jhrdss ardl tmi iktry `ddr (scì ajhcko) (Acouri :-:>). Pmi scì ajhcko sijt ckhfuìs jk jrlrist stdrjoi hjbckit. Pmi hjbck jrij mjs `rdpdut, hdkstjkt-fldw dxy- Acouri :-:>. Cktircdr Jrrjkoilikts mij` pjkifs hdktjck ck`cvcùjf jcr dutfits jk` sijt fcomtcko adr pjssikoir hdladrt. J `rdppi` jcsfi ixtik`s ardl gust bimck` tmi hdhepct tmrduom tmi fjvjtdry. Pwd rdws da `rdppi` jcsfi jk` adur rdws da dvirmij` dvirmij` FI@ fcomts ruk tmi fikotm da tmi jcsfi prdvc`cko prdvc `cko ck`criht hjbck fcomtcko. Pmi fcomtcko cs hdktrdffi` by j swcthm kijr tmi hjbck iktrjkhi. Ijhm sijt cs iqucppi` wctm j swcthm pjkif adr hdktrdffcko tmi hjbck ljkjoilikt systil. oik ljses adr iliroikhy usi. Pmi hjbck dvir- ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-? : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ILIROIKHS I]CP J pfuo-typi iliroikhy ixct (ishjpi mjthm) cs dk tmi jat rcomt scì da tmi hjbck, jbdvi tmi wcko. Pmi iliroikhy ixct `ddr hjk bi dpiki` ckwjr` ardl dutscì dr ckscì tmi jcrhrjat (Acouri :-::). Pmi @-smjpi` ckkir `ddr mjk`fi cs rihissi` bimck` j pfjstch hdvir. Pmi flusm-ldukti` dutir mjk`fi cs fdhjti` jt tmi tdp da tmi `ddr. Pmi hfdscko lihmjkcsl cs ifihtrdkchjffy ldkctdri` by j prdxclcty swcthm dk tmi pck fdhecko brjheit. Hdktrdf surajhis dk tmi wcko ckhfuì dutbdjr` jcfirdk, mckoi` fljps, orduk` spdcfir pjkifs, jk` spii`brjei pjkifs (Acouri :-:2). Pmi rcomt mjk` jcfirdk ckhdrpdrjtis j trcl tjb. Pmi wcko fij`cko iòis jri jktc-chi` uscko ikocki bfii` jcr. Ijhm fij`cko iòi ckhdr pdrjtis scx bduk`jry bduk`jr y fjyir ikiroczirs jk` twd stjff strcps. Pmiri jri jfsd scx vdrtix oikirjtdrs dk tmi jat fdw fdwir ir wcko surajhi kijr tmi fdwir spii`brjei pjkifs. Ca tmi prdxclcty swcthm `dis kdt siksi tmi fdhecko brjheit cs hfdsi` hfdsi`,, tmi jlbir ILIROIKHS ILIROIKHS I]CP HJX lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX, j hmcli sduk`s, jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi tmi jpprdvi` jpprdvi` hmihefcst. hmihefcst. Bihjusi kd dtmir prdvcscdks jri prdvcì` adr sihurs ihurcko tmi ishjpi mjthm wmik tmi jcrhrjat cs ukjttikì`, j sjaity pck wctm j RILDQI BIADRI AFCOMP strijlir cs ckstjffi` dk tmi ckscì da tmi mjthm. Pmi pcfdt lust iksuri tmcs pck cs rildvi` prcdr td flcomt. flcomt. _CKO Pmi wcko jssilbfy jttjhmis td tmi bdttdl da tmi ausifjoi jk` cs hdkstruhti` da jfulckul. Pmi wcko–s struhturi cs j tmrii spjr ìscok wctm cktiorjf auif tjkes ck ijhm wcko. Acouri :-:2. _cko Prjcfcko Iòi PJCF HDKI HD KI HDL^ HD L^JRPLIKP JRPLIKP Pmi tjcf hdki hdktjcks jk ukprissurczi` bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt tmjt cs jhhissi` tmrduom tmi bjoojoi `ddr dk tmi fiat scì da tmi ausifjoi bifdw tmi ikocki (Acouri :-:8). Pmi bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt mjs 9> hubch aiit da spjhi jk` mdf`s up td 1>> pduk`s tdtjf wctm j :9> pduk` pir squjri addt flddr fclct.. Pmi `ddr cs sihuri` by j lihmjkchjf eiy fdhe jk` cs ldkctdri` by j pdsctcdk swcthm. Ca tmi swcthm `dis kdt siksi tmi `ddr cs hfdsi` jk` fdhei`, tmi jlbir Acouri :-::. Iliroikhy Ixct Acouri :-:8. Pjcf Hdki Bjoojoi @ddr :-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF JAP BJOOJOI BJOOJOI @DDR HJX lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX wck`dw, j hmcli sduk`s, jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. issiktcjf ifihtrchjf systils jri suppfci` by tmi riljckcko oikirjtdr tmrduom tmi rispihtcvi ljck jk` hrdssaii` bussis. Pmi tjcf hdki hdlpjrtlikt jfsd hdktjcks ljgdr hdlpdkikts adr tmi ikvcrdkliktjf, ifihtrchjf `cstrcbutcdk, flcomt flcomt hdktrdfs, jk` ikocki ikocki ﬊ri ixtckoucsmixtckoucsmcko systil. Pmi ifihtrchjf bdx cs jhhissi` tmrduom tmi adrwjr` mckoi` jhhiss `ddr da tmi hdlpjrtlikt jk` dtmir systils jri jhhissi` tmrduom tmi jat mckoi` `ddr. suppfcis ifihtrchjf pdwir adr jktc-chcko jk` ìadoocko da tmi ofjss wck`smcif`s jk` hdhepct scì wck`dws. Pmcs systil jfsd prdvcìs p rdvcìs bjheup pdwir ck tmi ivikt da j ùjf oikirjtdr ajcfuri by suppfycko pdwir tmrduom tmi trjksadrlir rihtc﬊ir ukct td tmi hdkvirti` pdwir bus. Pmi hdkvirti` pdwir bus pdwirs pdwirs ldst hdlpdkikts da tmi jvcdkchs jvcdkchs systil ckhfu`cko jff adur `cspfjy ukcts jk` jutdpcfdt. Dkfy dki jftirkjtdr cs riqucri` td eiip tmi hdkvirti` pdwir bus dk fcki. Ca jff ikocki-`rcvik pdwir sdurhis jri fdst, j 00 jlp-mdur bjttiry sirvis js j fclcti` bjheup. ILÎKKJOI Pmi ilpikkjoi hdkscsts da j virtchjf stjbcfczir wctm P-tjcf ldukti` mdrczdktjf stjbcfczirs (Acouri :-:0). Pmi fij`cko iòis da tmi mdrczdktjf stjbcfczirs jri ìchi` by ckfljtjbfi ìchi bddts. Acouri :-:0. Ilpikkjoi XSXPILX Ijhm ikocki jfsd `rcvis jk jftirkjtdr adr usi ck jk JH pdwir `cstrcbutcdk systil. Pmi JH systil AYIF XSXPIL Pmiri jri twd cktiorjf auif tjkes, dki pir wcko. Pmi auif systil dpirjtcdk cs auffy jutdljtch tmrduomdut tmi kdrljf flcomt prd﬊fi wctm ijhm ikocki rihicvcko auif ardl cts rispihtcvi wcko tjke. Auif cs mijti` tmrduom j auif/dcf mijt ixhmjkoir jk` jktc-chi j``ctcvi cs kdt riqucri`. Riauifcko cs jhhdlpfcsmi` tmrduom dvir wcko ﬊ffir pdrts wctm flusm ldukti` fdhecko hjps dr tmrduom tmi sckofi pdckt riauifcko systil. Pmi sckofi pdckt riauifcko systil ckhdrpdrjtis j stjk`jr` auifcko rihiptjhfi adrwjr` da tmi rcomt wcko ck tmi ajcrcko hjpjbfi da riauifcko tmi jcrhrjat jt j rjti da :2> opl (090 flp) jt j riauifcko prissuri up td 99 psco. Pmi systil hjk jfsd bi usi` td ìauif dki dr bdtm auif tjkes. IFIHPRCHJF XSXPIL IKOCKIX Pmi HG0 ifihtrchjf pdwir systil aijturis trj`ctcdkjf pjrjffif bus jrhmctihturi. J @H stjrtir-oikirjtdr cs ldukti` dk ijhm ikocki–s ikocki–s oijrbdx. Pmisi ukcts prdvcì prdv cì ikocki rdtjtcdk adr orduk` dr jcr stjrts js wiff js prdvc`cko 8>> jlps jt 23 vdfts @H ijhm wmik dkfcki adr pdwir `cstrcbutcdk. Ijhm oikirjtdr cs hdkkihti` td j rildti `coctjf oikirjtdr hdktrdf ukct (@OHY) ck tmi tjcf hdki. hdk i. Pmi twd twd @OHYs jri hdkkihti` td ijhm dtmir td jffdw prdpdrtcdkjti fdj` smjrcko. Ca dki oikirjtdr bihdlis `csjbfi` ck flcomt, tmi vjpdr hyhfi jcr hdk`ctcdkcko systil, Pmi _cffcjls AG00-0J ikockis ijhm prdùhi 812: pduk`s da stjtch stjtch tjeid tjeid﬎ tmrust jt sij fivif, fljtrjti` td 21󰁤H. Ikocki tmrust lust bi ljkjoi` by tmi pcfdt wctmck tmi fclcts prishrcbi` ck tmcs ljkujf. Pmrust cs ljkjoi` by tmrdttfi fivir ckput td j Auff Jutmdrcty @coctjf Ikocki Hdktrdf (AJ@IH). Auif hdk`ctcdkcko, auif litircko, ldtcvi l dtcvi fldw, fldw, jk` bfii` vjfvi jhtujtcdk. ca ck usi, dpirjtis jt j riùhi` dutput. Jff dtmir ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-3 F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CHI ^RDPIHPCDK Ikocki bfii` jcr cs usi` adr jktc-chi prdtihtcdk da tmi ikocki ckfits jk` tmi wcko fij`cko iòis. Pmi mdrczdktjf stjbcfczir fij`cko iòis jri ﬊tti` wctm pkiuljtch ìchi bddts tmjt jri ckfljti` by ikocki bfii` jcr tmi tmrduom tmi hyhfi. sirvchiPmi jcrpctdt systil. J tclir ljkjois ckfljtcdk tubis, stjtch pdrts, jk` tmi JDJ siksd siksdrr jri jri ifiht ifihtrchjff rchjffy y jktc-c jktc-chi`. hi`. Pmi ofjss wck`smcif`s jk` hdhepct scì wck`dws jri ifihtrchjffy mijti` by JH jftirkjtdrs. J wjtir ripiffikt hdjtcko cs usi` dk jff adur pjkis adr rjck rildvjf. Pwd wck`smcif` chi ìtihtcdk fcomts dk tmi ofjrismcif` jk` j wcko ckspihtcdk fcomt dk tmi fiat scì da tmi ausifjoi jsscst ck tmi ìtihtcdk da chi bucfùp ùrcko kcomt flcomts. MS@RJYFCH XSXPIL J hfdsi`-hiktir, hdkstjkt prissuri 8,>>> psc (2>1.= bjr) my`rjufch systil dpirjtis tmi fjk`cko oijr, spii`brjeis, orduk` spdcfirs, jk` fljps. My`rjufch prissuri cs suppfci` by twd ikocki-`rcvik prissuri hdlpiksjtcko pulps. Ictmir pulp hjk suppfy ikduom fldw td dpirjti tmi systil. Jk ckìpikìkt, ifihtrchjffy pdwiri` my`rjufch systil ck tmi ajcrcko bimck` tmi fiat wcko dpirjtis tmi wmiif brjeis. Pmi my`rjufch systil cs sirvchi` tmrduom orduk` hdkkihtcdks dk tmi rcomt scì bifdw tmi ikocki. Pmi brjei systil cs sirvchi` tmrduom hdkkihtcdks dk tmi fiat scì adrwjr` da tmi ikocki. AFCOMP HDKPRDFX @ujf flcomt hdktrdfs jri prdvcì` hdkscstcko da hdktrdf ydeis, j`gustjbfi ru`ìr pi`jfs, brjeis, jk` lihmjkchjf kdsiwmiif stiircko. Jff prcljry jk` sihdk`jry systils usi hdrrdscdk riscstjkt stjckfiss stiif hjbfis. spdcfir pjkifs dk tmi wcko prdvcì j``ctcdkjf fcatùlp hjpjbcfcty dk tmi orduk`. Pmi spii`brjei jk` orduk` spdcfir pjkifs jri hdktrdffi` by tmi XÎI@BRJEI mjk`fi dk tmi hiktir piìstjf. piìs tjf. Pmi spii`brjeis jk` orduk` spdcfirs jri ifihtrchjffy hdktrdffi` jk` my`rjufchjffy jhtujti`. Prcl cs prdvcì` ck jff tmrii jxcs. j xcs. Adr rdff jk` yjw, yjw, trcl cs hdktrdffi` by ifihtrch trcl swcthmis dk tmi jat swcthm pjkif da tmi hiktir piìstjf. Pmi prcljry prcljr y pcthm trcl cs hdktrdffi` by jk ifihtrch ifihtrch swcthm dk tmi tmi ydei. J sihdk`jry pcthm trcl swcthm cs dk tmi jat swcthm pjkif da tmi hiktir piìstjf. Prcl pdsctcdk cs smdwk dk tmi IACX adr jff tmrii systils. Pmrii ifihtrch sirvds jri ckstjffi` adr jutdpcfdt aukhtcdks. Pmi yjw sirvd jfsd piradrls yjw `jlpcko. Pmi yjw `jlpir systil wdres wctm tmi jutdpcfdt td juolikt stjbcfcty jt mcom jftctuìs. J ru`ìr bcjs systil systil cs ckhdrpdrjti` td jutdljtchjf jutdljtchjffy fy jsscst jsscst `crihtcdkjf hdktrdf ùrcko jk ikocki-dut sctujtcdk. Pmi systil usis bfii` jcr td hdktrdf ru`ìr ldvilikt. Jk cktiorjf hdktrdf fdhe bifdw tmi pcfdt pjkif mdf`s tmi ru`ìr r u`ìr,, ifivjtdrs, jcfirdks, jk` tmrdttfis ùrcko stdrjoi. IKQCRDKLIKPJF HDKPRDFX Pmi jcrhrjat mjs j twd-zd twd-zdki ki jutdljtch tilpirjturi hdktrdf systil tmjt cs spfct cktd hjbck jk` hdhepct. Pmi hddfcko systil cs ckìpikìkt da tmi mijtcko systil jk` cs `cvcì` cktd sipjrjti hjbck jk` hdhepct zdkis. Pmi hdhepct cs `cvcì` adr ajk spii` hdktrdf adr ijhm hriw lilbir. Rmidstjts ldukti` dk tmi fiat jk` rcomt tcft pjkif prdvcì tilpirjturi hdktrdf adr ijhm zdki. J sipjrjti hdktrdffir adr tmi hjbck dkfy cs prdvcì` jt tmi QC^ hjbck sijt. Mckoi` jfulckul fljp pjkifs jri dk ijhm wcko. Pmi AFJ^X mjk`fi dk tmi hiktir piìstjf hdlljk`s tmrii fljp pdsctcdks dkfy7 up (>¾), tjeid ﬎/ jpprdjhm (:9¾), jk` fjk`cko (89¾). Ifihtrch sikscko jffdws fljp pdsctcdk td bi `cspfjyi` dk tmi IACX. J hjbfi cktirhdkkiht prdtihts jojckst jsyllitrch ixtikscdk. Pmi prissurczjtcdk hdktrdf systil jutdljtchjffy shmiùfis hjbck jftctuì. Pmi bjsch hdlpdkikts ckhfuì jk jvcdkchs fckei` `coctjf hdktrdffir jk` twd dutfldw vjfvis ldukti` ck tmi jat prissuri bufemij`. Pmi hdktrdffir jutdljtis jff aukhtcdks da prissurczjtcdk ckhfu`cko hjpturi da tmi ìstckjtcdk ﬊if` ifivjtcdk ardl ALX flcomt pfjk ckadrljtcdk. J prissurczjtcdk swcthm pjkif cs dk tmi fiat scì da tmi tcft pjkif jk` jff rifjti` pjrjlitirs jri `cspfjyi` dk tmi IACX. Ldùfjti` pjkifs prdvcì` dk tmi wcko adrspii`brjei usi ck flcomt jt jkyjri spii`. Orduk` J 9> hubch addt (:.02 l 8) dxyoik bdttfi ck tmi kdsi cs ﬊tti` wctm j bdttfi-ldukti` prissuri rioufjtdr. :-:> ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ^rissuri ck`chjtcdks jri smdwk dk tmi IACX. Zuche`dkkcko prissuri ìljk` ljses wctm lchrdpmdkis jri prdvcì` jt ijhm hriw sijt, wmcfi jutdljtch `rdpdut hdkstjkt-fldw dxyoik ljses jri prdvcì` jt ijhm pjssikoir sijt jk` tmi tdcfit. ^YBFCHJPCDKX JQCDKCHX J QCDKCHX bjfjkhi `jtj. Ct `dis piradrljkhi kdt hdktjck hfclb, hrucsi,, hrucsi ìshikt, dr mdf`cko ckadrljtcdk. Pmi JAL jfwjys tjeis prihiìkhi dvir jky dtmir pubfchjtcdk. pubfchj tcdk. Pmi Hdffcks ^rd Fcki 2: cs tmi aijturi` jvcdkchs sucti dk tmi HG0. Ct ckhfuìs jk cktiorjti` flcomt `crihtdr/jutdpcfdt jk` IACX systil utcfczcko adur hdfdr `cspfjys ck pdrtrjct drciktjtcdk. drciktjtc dk. Pmi twd twd dutir `cspfjys `cspfj ys jri Â@ : jk` Â@ 2 (fiat jk` rcomt) jk` tmi twd ckkir jri LA@ : jk` LA@ 2 (fiat jk` rcomt). Ijhm `cspfjy cs hjpjbfi da prdvc`cko hrctchjf flcomt, kjvcojtcdk, jk` ikocki ck`chjtcdks by uscko rivirscdk ldìs. @cspjthm cs pirlctti` wctm LA@ 2 ckdpirjtcvi ca prdpir ljcktikjkhi prdhiùris jri adffdwi` prcdr td ìpjrturi. J vjrcity da ckadrljtcdk cs jvjcfjbfi tmi hriw tmrduom j orjpmchjf liku systil dk tmitdIACX. Pmi Â@ aukhtcdks jri hdktrdffi` vcj twd @H^s. Pmi LA@ aukhtcdks jri prcljrcfy hdktrdffi` by ùjf HH^s. Pmi H@Ys, adrwjr` da tmi tmrdttfi quj`rjkt, jri tmi lijks adr rj`cd tukcko jk` tmi cktirajhi wctm tmi ALX. J sihdk` ALX hdlputir cs jvjcfjbfi js jk dptcdk. Pmi pctdt/stjtch systil ckhfuìs tmrii mijti` pctdt sdurhis jk` scx mijti` stjtch sdurhis td prdvcì ckadrljtcdk adr tmi pcfdt jk` hdpcfdt flcomt ckstrulikts jk` tmi sihdk`jry jttctuì riairikhi systil. _ICOMPX Jt prisikt tmi ljxclul jutmdrczi` dpirjtcko wicomts ck pduk`s jri7 Rjlp ......................:?,28> Pjeid﬎ ....................:?,::> Fjk`cko ..................:9,11> Wird Auif ................:2,9>> Pmi AJJ-jpprdvi` Jcrpfjki Afcomt Ljkujf (JAL) cs riqucri` td bi hjrrci` dk bdjr` tmi jcrhrjat jk` hdktjcks tmi fclctjtcdks, dpirjtcko prdhiùris, `jtj pirtckikt td tjeid tjeid﬎s jk` fjk`ckos, jk` wicomt jk` Pmi AJJ-jpprdvi` Hisskj Hctjtcdk HG0 Hmihefcst hdktjcks jbbrivcjti` dpirjtcko prdhiùris jk` jbbrivcjti` jbbrivcj ti` piradrljkhi `jtj. Ca jky `dubt ixcsts dr ca tmi hdk`ctcdks jri kdt hdviri` by by tmi hmihefcst, tmi JAL lust bi hdksufti`. Pmi Hctjtcdk HG0 _icomt jk` Bjfjkhi Ljkujf hdktjcks ìtjcfi` ckadrljtcdk ck tmi adrl da tjbfis jk` `cjorjls. Mdwivir, ct cs kdt riqucri` td bi ck tmi jcrpfjki bihjusi tmi bjsch ilpty wicomt jk` ldlikt jk` lijks da ìtirlckcko tmi hiktir-daorjvcty fdhjtcdk jri jff hdktjcki` ck tmi JAL. Dtmir pubfchjtcdks ckhfuì7 • Hdffcks ^rd Fcki 2: Dpirjtdr Oucì • Hdffcks ALX-8>>> ^cfdt Ljkujf • CACX-9>>> Dpirjtdr– Dpirjtdr–ss Oucì • Hdffcks RPJ-0:>> _ijtmir Rj`jr Oucì • OM-8>>> Xtjk`by Afcomt @cspfjy ^cfdt–s Oucì FCLCPJPCDKX Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks, riair td tmi AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk Iliroikhy/Jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi tmi AJJ-jpprd AJJ-jpprdvi` vi` JAL. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :-:: F J R I K I O P A J R H R C J : : J CR H R J A P O I K I R J F HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CKPIKPCDKJFFS FIAP BFJKE :-:2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 2 IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR XSXPIL HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. 2-: @H ^D_IR ........................................................................................................................... 2-2 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 2-2 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 2-2 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 2-1 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ 2-? JH ^D_IR ........................................................................................................................... 2-= @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 2-= Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 2-= Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ 2-= Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 2-3 FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ 2-3 ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................... 2-3 ZYIXPCDKX ....................................................................................................................... 2-:2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-c F J CH R P H I F I 2 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F CKPIKPCDKJFFS FIAP BFJKE 2-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi 2-:. Bjttiry Jhhiss @ddr .................................................................................................... 2-2 ^dwir @cstrcbutcdk Xystil ........................ .................................................... ......................................................... ................................ ... 2-8 2-2. @H ^dwir 2-8. Ixtirkjf ^dwir Rihiptjhfi .......................................................................................... 2-0 2-0. IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR pjkif..................................................................................... 2-1 2-9. BJ BJPP PP @CXH jk` CKP LJXPIR Xwcthmfcomts ......................... ..................................................... .................................... ........ 2-1 2-1. IKOCKI RYK/XPD^ Xwcthmfcomts ............................................................................. 2-? XPJRPIR pjkif ........................... ....................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ 2-? 2-?. IKOCKI XPJRPIR 2-=. @H IFIH jk` BJPP Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................ 2-? 2-3. JH ^dwir Oikirjtcdk ................................................................................................ 2-:> PJBFIX Pjbfi Pctfi ^joi 2-:. Xmi` hdlpdkikts ùrcko hdkvirti` pdwir pdwir dpirjtcdk .................................................. 2-9 2-2. Iliroikhy Bus Ctils .................................................................................................. 2-9 2-8. HJX Lissjois ........................................................................................................... 2-:> 2-8. HJX Lissjois (hdktckui`) ....................................................................................... 2-:: ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-ccc F J CH R P H I F I 2 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F CKPIKPCDKJFFS FIAP BFJKE 2-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 2 IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR XSXPILX F J CH R P H I F I 2 CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs hmjptir prdvcìs j ìshrcptcdk da tmi ifihtrchjf pdwir systil adr tmi HG0. Ckhfuì` cs ckadrljtcdk dk tmi @H jk` JH systils. Pmi @H systil hdkscsts da stdrjoi, oikirjtcdk, jk` `cstrcbutcdk. Pmi JH systil hdkscsts da oikirjtcdk jk` `cstrcbutcdk. ^rdvcscdk cs jfsd ljì adr j fclcti` suppfy da pdwir ùrcko iliroikhy hdk`ctcdks ck flcomt. OIKIRJF Pmi HG0 usis twd @H stjrtir-oikirjtdrs td spck tmi ikocki adr stjrts jk` td prdv prdvcì cì prcljry ifihtrchjf pdwir pdw ir jatir tmi ikockis jri rukkcko. r ukkcko. Jk ixtirkjf pdwir pdw ir ukct (I^Y) ljy bi usi` td suppfy pdw pdwir ir td tmi jcrhrjat prcdr td jk` ùrcko tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt. Pwd JH jftirkjtdrs prdvcì pdwir adr wck`- smcif` jktc-chi jktc-chi mijt. Pmisi jftirkjtdrs jftirkjtdrs hjk jfsd prdvcì prdv cì bjheup pdwir pdwir adr issiktcjf issiktcjf systils ck tmi iviktt bdtm oikirjtdrs ajcf. Pmi jcrhrjat bjttiry hjk ivik prdvcì prd vcì ikocki stjrt pdw pdwir ir jk` j fclcti` bjheup pdwir pdw ir sdurhi ck flcomt ca ca jff oikirjtdr jk` jftirkjjftirkjtdr pdwir cs fdst. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-: X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF @H ^D_IR @coctjf Oikirjtdr Hdktrdf Ykct @IXHRC^PCDK Pwd @OHYs ck tmi tjcfhdki jri hdkkihti` td ijhm dtmir jk` rildtify td ijhm oikirjtdr. Pmi @OHY prdvcì prdv cì prdpdrtcdkjt prdpdrtcdkjtii fdj`-smjri fdj`-smjri hjpjbcfct hjpjbcfcty y ùrcko ùrcko kdrljf dpirjtcdks. @H pdwir cs oikirjti` by twd ikocki-`rcvik stjrtstjrt - ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X ir-oikirjtdrs. pdwirPmcs cs `cstrcbuti` by j pjrjffif hrdssaii` bus @H systil. jffdws ictmir stjrtiroikirjtdr td pdwir tmi iktcri systil (Acouri 2-2). 2 I F I H P R CH J F @H pdwir stjtus cs kdrljffy `cspfjyi` dk tmi fiat luftc-aukhtcdk `cspfjy (LA@ :) ùrcko orduk` dpirjtcdks tmrduom tmrduom tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt. stjrt. Jatir tmi ﬊rst ikocki cs stjrti`, pcfdts ljy `cspfjy tmcs ckadrljtcdk dk ictmir LA@ dr Â@ by sifihtcko XSXPIL :/2 adr `cspfjy. Pmi systil cs hdktrdffi` by swcthmis dk tmi IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR pjkif ck tmi hdhepct. Rifjys, hcrhuct brijeirs, hurrikt fclctirs, jk` `coctjf oikirjtdr hdktrdf ukcts (@OHYs) prdtiht jk` jsscst tmi hriw ck ljkjocko tmi ifihtrchjf systil. Pmi @OHYs prdtiht tmi stjrtir-oikirjtdrs ck tmi ivikt jk dvirvdftjoi dr ukìrvdftjoi hdk`ctcdk ixcsts. Ca ictmir ivikt dhhurs, tmi @OHY tjeis tmi j﬎ihti` stjrtir-oikirjtdr dffcki td prdtiht tmi systil ardl `jljoi. J HJX lissjoi ck`chjtis tmjt j oikirjtdr cs dffcki. Oikirjtdr jlp fclctjtcdks jri kdrljffy j risuft da jvjcfjbfi hddfcko jcr. Adr orduk` dpirjtcdks ijhm oikirjtdr cs fclcti` fclcti` td 20> jlps. Ck flcomt tmrduom AF29> tmi fclct cs 8>> 8>> jlps. Jbdv Jbdvii AF29> tmi jffdwjbfi jlps ìhrijsi fckijrfy td :?> jlps jt AF09>. JAL Acouri 2-0:>-8 smdws tmcs fckijr ìhrijsi. HDL^DKIKPX Bjttiry Xtjrtir-Oikirjtdrs Jt prisikt jk dpirjtdr ljy hmddsi ardl tmrii bjttircis td bi ckstjffi`. Pmisi jri7 Dki 8>>-jlp ikocki-`rcvik @H stjrtir-oikirjtd stjr tir-oikirjtdrr cs ldukti` dk ijhm ikocki–s jhhissdry oijrbdx. Pmisi twd ukcts jri usi` td rdtjti tmi rispihtcvi ikocki adr stjrt. Jt jbdut 09% 09% K2 tmi stjrtir bihdlis j oikirjtdr hdkkihti` hdkkihti` td tmi kdrljf systil jk` biocks suppfycko @H pdwir. • J 21.0-vdft, 21.0-vdft, 00 00 jlp-mdur jlp-mdur Fctmcul-Cdk Fctmcul-Cdk (FcCdk) bjttiry (stjk`jr` ckstjffjtcdk) • J 20-vdft, 00 jlp-mdur Kcheif-Hj`lcul (Kc-Hj`) bjttiry • J 20-vdft, 20-vdft, 02 jlp-mdur fij`-jhc` bjttiry Pmi ukcts jri jcr-hddfi` jk` kdrljffy dpirjti ck pjrjffif smjrcko smjrcko tmi ifihtrchjf ifihtrchjf fdj`. Pmiy hjk suppfy kdrljf pdwir pdw ir kii`s ckìpikìktfy fy ca ca kiiì`. jff Pmi kdrljf dutp dutput ut dackìpikìkt ijhm oikirjtdr oikirjtdr cs 23 vdfts. _mik jk dkfcki oikirjtdr oikirjtdr jsscsts tmi dppdscti scì ùrcko ikocki stjrt, ct prdvcìs jbdut 2/8 da tmi pdwir riqucri` ‘ tmi bjttiry prdvcìs :/8. @H pdwir pdw ir ardl tmi ikocki-`rcvik stjrtir-oikirjtdrs cs `cstrcbuti` td tmi fiat jk` rcomt ljck aii` busis (Acouri 2-2). Pmi twd ljck aii` busis jri pjrjffifi` tmrduom twd hurrikt fclctirs hdkkihti` td tmi hrdssaii` bus. ^dwir cs rduti` ardl tmi mdt bjttiry bus tmrduom tmi stjrtir rifjy adr ikocki stjrts. Acouri 2-:. Bjttiry Jhhiss @ddr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l i t s y X k d c u t b rct s c @ r i w d ^ H @ . -2 2 i r u o c A @ F X CI I MK X D @W I CK H _ -C MI R@ P X A Y I B F ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-8 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pmi bjttiry cs ldukti` ck tmi fiat ajcrcko, jat da tmi wcko jk` cs jhhisscbfi tmrduom jk jhhiss `ddr (Acouri 2-:). Ct cs ljkujffy ljkujffy hdkkihti` td tmi jcrhrjat systil by j lihmjkchjf hdkkihtdr jk` hjbfi. Pmi bjttiry hdkkihts hdkkihts td tmi mdt mdt bjttiry bus tmrduom tmrduom tmi hjbfi td jffdw usi da sdli ctils, suhm js fcomts, wctmdut turkcko tmi bjttiry swcthm td DK. ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F Pmi bjttiry cs iqucppi` wctm jk ifihtrchjf `cshdkkiht rifjy (hdktrdffi` ardl tmi hdhepct) dk tmi orduk` scì da tmi bjttiry. Ck tmi ivikt da hirtjc hirtjck k ljfaukhtcdks tmi pcfdt hjk `cshdkkiht tmi bjttiry ardl tmi systil uscko tmi BJPP @CXH swcthm. Pmi bjttiry cs usi` adr ikocki stjrts. stjrts. Ct cs fclcti` td tmrii ikocki stjrts pir mdur. mdur. Pmi Fc-Cdk bjttiry lust bi jt -:>󰁤H dr wjrlir prcdr prcdr td stjrt. Pmi KcHj` bjttiry lust bi jt -:=󰁤H dr wjrlir prcdr td stjrt. Fij`-jhc` bjttircis smduf` adffdw adffdw Kc-Hj` fclctjtcdks. Ca jff ikocki-`rcvik pdwir sdurhis jri fdst, tmi bjttiry sirvis js fclcti` bjheup pdwir pdwir.. _ctm iliroikhy pdwir dkfy sifihti`, tmi bjttiry smduf` pdwir tmi iliroikhy bus ctils adr j lckclul da 8> lckutis ca tmi ILIR pdsctcdk wjs sifihti` wctmck 9 lckutis da fdss da jff oikirjti` pdwir. Pmi bjttiry cs ldkctdri` by j hiktrjf ldkctdrcko systil (HLX). (HLX). Ykìr spihc﬊h hdk`ctcdks tmi tmi HLX wcff trcooir HJX lissjois td pcfdt jhtcdk dr kdtc﬊hjtcdk. Acouri 2-8. Ixtirkjf ^dwir Rihiptjhfi Pmrii I^Y stjrts wctm I^Y hurrikt :>>> jlps dr ldri cs iqucvjfikt iqucvjfikt td dki ikocki bjttiry stjrt. Dki I^Y stjrt wctm I^Y hurrikt hur rikt fiss tmjk :>>> jlps cs iqucvjfikt td dki ikocki bjttiry stjrt. Iliroikhy Bjttiry ^jhes Pmrii iliroikhy bjttiry pjhes prdvcì j sdurhi da pdwir pdw ir adr tmi iliroikhy fcomt systil. Pmi Pmi pjhes jri ck tmi jat, lc``fi, jk` adrwjr` ad rwjr` hjbck jrijs. Pmi bjttiry pjhes jri eipt hmjroi` tmrduom tmi ljck aii` bus dr mdt bjttiry bus. @cstrcbutcdk Ixtirkjf ^dwir Ykct (I^Y) Jat Gukhtcdk Bdx Pmi I^Ysmduf` hjk suppfy suppf y pdwir pdwjt ir 2=-23Q td tmi jcrhrjat. jcrhrjat . Pmi vdftjoi bi rjti` jk` mjvi j hjpjhcty da =>>-:2>> jlps. Pmi I^Y hdkkihts tmrduom j rihiptjhfi ck tmi ausifjoi gust jat da tmi bjttiry jhhiss `ddr (Acouri 2-8). _mik hdkkiht hdkkihti` i`,, pdwir pdw ir cs cs rduti` rduti` tmrduom tmi ixtirkjf pdw pdwir ir rifjy rifjy td tmi mdt bjttiry bus. Jk dvirvdftjoi dvirvdftjoi siksdr dpiks dpiks tmi ixtirkjf pdwir rifjy wmik I^Y vdftjoi fclcts jri ixhiiì`. @H pdwir cs busis. `cstrcbuti` jcrhrjat by `cstrcbutcdk Pmi tmrduomdut jat G-bdx cktmi tmi tjcfhdki hdlpjrtlikt hdktjcks tmi adffd adffdwcko wcko busis7 Pmi jcrhrjat bjttiry cs hmjroi` ardl tmi I^Y riojr`fiss riojr`f iss da tmi BJ BJPPIR PPIRS S swcthm pdsctcdk. Pmiri cs kd HJX lissjoi ck`chjtcko tmjt ixtirkjf pdwir cs hdkkihti`. Pmi dkfy wjy td sii ca tmi jcrhrja jcrhrjatt cs rihicvcko ixtirkjf pdwir cs td dbsirvi tmi BJPP JL^X dk XSXPILX :/2. Pmi fiat jk` rcomt ljck aii` busis jri kdrljffy pdwiri` pdw iri` by bdtm oikirjt oikirjtdrs. drs. Pmiy ljy jfsd rihic rihicvi vi pdwir pdw ir ardl tmi bjttiry dr I^Y. I^Y. Pmi Pmi busis jri tci` tdoitmir tmrduom tmi hrdssaii` bus. Pmcs jffdws dki oikirjtdr td suppfy pdwir td tmi iktcri systil ca tmi dtmir oikirjtdr ajcfs. 2-0 • Fiat jk` jk` rcomt rcomt ljck ljck aii` busis • Hrdssaii` bus • Mdt bjttiry bus Ljck Aii` Busis ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Hrdssaii` Bus Hdkvirti` ^dwir Busis Pmi hrdssaii` bus aukhtcdks js j hdkkihtcdk bitwiik tmi twd ljck busis jk` jfsd hdkkih hdkkihts ts tmdsi wctm tmi mdt bjttiry bus. Pmi hdkvirti` pdwir busis jri dk ijhm HB pjkif jk` rihicvi pdwir ardl tmi ljck busis. Pmi hdkvirti` pdwir busis prdvcì bjheup pdwir adr ldst da tmi jvcdkchs systils ck tmi ivikt da ùjf oikirjtdr ajcfuri. Pjbfi 2-: fcsts tmi hdlpdkikts tmjt jri fdst (smi`) (smi `) wmik dpirjtcko dk hdkvirti` pdwir. Mdt Bjttiry Bus Pmi mdt bjttiry bus cs hdkkihti` `crihtfy td tmi bjttiry.. Pmcs jffdws bjttiry jffdws usi da hirtjck ifihtrchjf ctils wctmdut turkcko tmi bjttiry td DK. Pmi mdt bjttiry bus prdvcìs pdwir td tmi oikirjtdrs ùrcko tmi stjrt hyhfi. @urcko kdrljf dpirjtcdk, tmi bus rihicvis pdwir pdwir ardl dki dr bdtm stjrtir-oikirjtdrs. Ct hjk jfsd rihicvi pdwir ardl tmi I^Y. Iliroikhy Busis Pmi iliroikhy busis dk ijhm HB pjkif ck tmi hdhepct rihicvi pdwir ardl tmi mdt bjttiry bus tmrduom tmi iliroikhy hdktjhtdr. Pjbfi 2-2 fcsts tmi hdlpdkikts tmjt jri jvjcfjbfi wmik tmi iliroikhy busis jri pdwiri`. Pjbfi 2-:. XMI@ HDL^DKIKPX @YRCKO HDKQIRPI@ ^D_IR DÎRJPCDK DÎRJPCDK R _CK@XMCIF@ MIJ MIJP P RJ@CD JF JFPCLIPIR PCLIPIR (JK@ PHJX) R FJK@CKO FCOMP KJQ 2 _CKO CKXÎHPCDK FCOMP @LI 2 FDOD FCOMP ]L _IJPMIR BIJHDK FCOMP XPDRLXHDÎ (D^PCDKJF) XPRDBI FCOMPX XJPIFFCPI XJ PIFFCPI ^MDKI (D^PCDKJF) CKPIRCDR ^D_IR (JK@ HFCLJ HFCLJPI PI HDKPRDF) MA 3>>> (D^PCDKJF) HDL 8/@J 8/@JP PJFCKE _] (D^PCDKJF) O^X 2 (D^PCDKJF) Pjbfi 2-2. ILIROIKHS BYX CPILX JHPCQI ILIROIKHS ILIROIKHS BYX CPILX MS@RJYFCH ^RIXXYRI CK@CHJ CK@CHJPCDK PCDK FJK@CKO OIJR HDKPRDF JK@ CK@CHJ CK@CHJPCDK PCDK AFJ^X RY@@IR BCJX JY@CD ^JKI ^JKIFX FX PRJKX^DK@IR : J@H: Â@ : JMRX: @CX^FJS HDKPRDF ^JKIF (@H^:) H@Y : KJQ:/HDL: *_ck`smcif` *_ck`smc if` mijt hdktrdf hdktrdffirs firs ^CPDP/XPJ ^CPDP/X PJPCH PCH MIJP : (^CFDP JK@ XPJK@BS) XÎI@BRJEIX ORDYK@ X^DCFIRX ^RCLJRS ^CPHM, JCFIRDK, RY@@IR PRCLX XIHDK@JRS ^CPHM PRCL HJBCK @YL^ FD_ AYIF JKKYKHCJ JKKYKHCJPDRX PDRX AFDD@ FCOMPX @HY HM B ^JXX FCOMPX XJAIPS *_ck`smcif` mijt wcff bi ckdpirjtcvi ca ri` JH JFPIRKJPDR JFPIRKJPDR AJCF F-R lissjoi cs `cspfjyi`. Rivcscdk >.>: ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-9 F J CH R P H I F I 2 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX F OIK jk` R OIK Xwcthmis Pmi F OIK jk` R OIK swcthmis dk tmi IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR pjkif hdktrdfs tmi kdrljf dpirjtcdk da tmiswcthm hdrrispdk`cko stjrtir-oikirjtdr (Acouri 2-0). Pmi mjs tmi adffdwcko pdsctcdks7 ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X • DK - @OHYs hfdsi tmi jpprdprcjt jpprdprcjtii pdwir pdwir rifjy hdkkihtcko hdkkihtcko tmi stjrtir-oikirjtdr td tmi hdrrispdk`cko ljck bus. 2 I F I H P R CH J F • DAA - ^dwir rifjy cs dpik hjuscko kd stjrtiroikirjtdr fdj` td rijhm tmi ljck bus. • RIXIP (sprcko-fdjì`)‐Risits tmi ﬊if` rifjy td tmi hfdsi` pdsctcdk. Pmi swcthm sprckos bjhe td tmi DAA pdsctcdk. • ILIR‐Dkfy tmi iliroikhy hdktjhtdr cs ikiroczi`, hdkkihtcko tmi iliroikhy bus td tmi mdt bjttiry bus. Pmi iliroikhy bus cs pdwiri` by tmi bjttiry. BJPP @CXH Xwcthmfcomt Pmi BJPP @CXH swcthmfcomt dk tmi fiat HB pjkif prdvcìs jk ifihtrch ifihtrchjf jf `cshdkk `cshdkkiht iht da tmi bjttir bjttiry y orduk` ardl tmi `cshdkkiht rifjy ùrcko hirtjck hdk`ctcdks (Acouri 2-9). Pmi KDRL pdsctcdk hfdsis tmi `cshdkkiht rifjy hdkkihtcko tmi bjttiry orduk` td tmi bjttiry. Pmcs jffdws tmi bjttiry td suppfy pdwir td tmi systil. Pmi @CXH pdsctcdk dpiks tmi bjttiry `cshdkkiht rifjy `cshdkkihtcko tmi orduk` ardl tmi bjttiry. Pmcs csdfjtis tmi bjttiry ardl tmi systil. BJPPIRS BJ PPIRS Xwcthm Xwc thm HJYPCDK Pmi BJPPIRS swcthm tmi dk dpirjtcdk tmi IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR pjkif hdktrdfs da tmi jcrhrjat bjttiry (Acouri 2-0). Pmi swcthm mjs tmi adffdwcko pdsctcdks7 • DK‐Hfdsis tmi bjttiry rifjy, hdlpfitcko j hcrhuct td tmi hrdssaii` bus. Pmi iliroikhy rifjy cs ìikiroczi` wmcfi tmi bjttiry rifjy cs ck tmi BJPP BJPP pdsctcdk jk` hdlpfitis h dlpfitis j hcrhuct td tmi iliroikhy bus ardl tmi hrdssaii` bus. @d kdt usi BJPP BJPP @CXH adr ad r ixtikì` pircd`s da tcli (jpprdxcl (jpprdxcljtify jtify :2 mdurs). Pmi bjttiry `cshdkkiht rifjy wcff hdktckui td `rjw j sljff hurrikt ardl tmi bjttiry uktcf tmi bjttiry cs hdlpfitify `cshmjroi`. Pmi bjttiry `cshdkkiht rifjy wcff tmik hfdsi, risuftcko ck j viry mcom hmjroi rjti jk` prdbjbfy dvirtilp. • DAA‐Mdt bjttiry bus cs csdfjti` csdfjti` ardl jff dtmir busis ck tmi systil. Pmi iliroikhy bus cs hdkkihti` td tmi hrdssaii` bus tmrduom tmi iliroikhy hdktjhtdr. Acouri 2-9. BJPP BJPP @CXH jk` CKP LJXPIR Xwcthmfcomts Acouri 2-0. IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR pjkif 2-1 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CKP LJXPIR Xwcthmfcomt Pmi CKP LJXPIR swcthmfcomt dk tmi fiat HB pjkif hdktrdfs tmi ifihtrchj ifihtrchjff pdwir td t d tmi hjbck jrij (Acouri 2-9). _mik pfjhi` ck tmi DAA pdsctcdk, cktircdr ljstir rifjy cs dpiki` wmchm smuts dtmi ifihtrchjf ﬎ jff pdwir pdw ir ck tmi hjbck jrij. jrij. Acouri 2-1. IKOCKI XPJRPIR pjkif F J CH R P H I F I 2 IKOCKI XPJRPIR Xwcthmfcomts Pmi F, R, jk` @CXIKO IKOCKI XPJRPIR swcthmfcomts jri dk tmi jat hiktir piìstjf, bifdw tmi tmrdttfi quj`rjkt. Ijhm cs j ldliktjry-hdktjht swcthmfcomt (Acouri 2-1). Pmi F jk` R IKOCKI XPJRPIR swcthmfcomts hdktrdf tmi hdrrispdk`cko ikocki stjrtirs. ^risscko ictmir swcthmfcomt hfdsis tmi hdrrispdk`cko stjrt rifjy hjuscko pdwir td fldw td tmi stjrtir. stj rtir. Pmi @CXIKO swcthm ljkujffy `csikojois tmi stjrt rifjy. @H Oikirjtdr jk` Bjttiry Ck`chjtcdks Ifihtrchjf systil ck`chjtcdks jri kdrljffy `cspfjyi` pfjy i` dk tmi fiat fiat luftc-aukhtcdk luftc-aukhtcdk `cspfjy `cspfjy (LA@ :) ùrcko orduk` dpirjtcdks tmrduom tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt (Acouri 2-?). _ctm jff jvcdkchs pdwiri`, pdwiri`, jky `cspfjy hjk smdw ifihtrchjf stjtus by sifihtcko XSXPIL :/2 adr `cspfjy. Pmi ck`chjtcdks hjk bi sifihti` td `cspfjy auff-tcli dr js jk dvirfjy wctm tmi JQCDKCHX swcthm DK. Pmi adffdwcko ck`chjtcdks jri `cspfjyi`7 • @H oikirjtdr vdfts • @H oikirjtdr jlps Acouri 2-?. @H IFIH jk` BJPP Ck`chjtcd Ck`chjtcdks ks Ca tmi JQCDKCHX JQCDKCHX swcthm cs ck DAA dr @CX^JPHM, @CX^JPHM, dkfy tmi fiat LA@ cs jhtcvi jk` smdws bdtm tmi HJX wck`dw jk` jcrhrjat systils. Pmi BJPP BJPP ck`chjtcdks wcff smdw kiojtcvi jlps (`cshmjroi), vdftjoi (20 lckclul), jk` tilpirjturi. Pmijlps @H IFIH (oikirjtdr) ck`chjtcdks wcff smdw zird jk` vdfts. Ca jk I^Y wiri wiri hdkkihti`, tmi BJ BJPP JL^X ck`chjtcdk wduf` smdw pdsctcvi (hmjrocko) jk` vdftjoi wduf` bi tmjt da tmi I^Y (2=-23Q). @urcko tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt wctmdut jk I^Y, bjttiry jlps wcff smdw j fjroi ckctcjf `cshmjroi wmik tmi stjrtir cs ikojoi`. _mik tmi oikirjtdr oikirjtdr hdlis dkfcki, tmi bjttiry jlps wcff smdw j hmjroi, jk` tmi oikirjtdr wcff smdw vdftjoi jk` jk jlp rij`cko. Pmcs ﬊rst ikocki stjrt wjs sdfify dk tmi bjttiry jk` hdukts js dki da tmi tmrii pirlctti` pirl ctti` wctmck dki mdur. Pmi sihdk` ikocki stjrt wctmdut jk I^Y wcff fdde jbdut tmi sjli. Mdw Mdwivir, ivir, wctm dki oikirjtdr dkfcki jk` jsscstcko, tmi sihdk` stjrt dkfy hdukts js dki-tmcr` da j bjttiry stjrt. Ca uscko jk I^Y adr orduk` stjrts, dkfy tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt wcff usi tmi I^Y. I^Y. Xckhi tmiri cs kd wjy td ldkctdr tmi I^Y–s hurrikt, hdkscìr tmcs stjrt js :/8 jojckst tmi bjttir bjttiry y. Pmi sihdk` ikocki stjrt cs oikirjtdr-jsscsti` jk` hdukts js :/8 da j bjttiry stjrt. • Bjttiry vdfts • Bjttiry jlps • Bjttiry tilpirjturi DÎRJPCDK Pmi bjttiry lust bi ljkujffy hdkkihti` td tmi systil. Pmcs hdkkihtcdk jffdws bjttiry pdwir pdwir td rijhm tmi mdt bjttiry bjttir y bus. _ctm tmi BJPPIR BJPPIRS S swcthm ck DK, tmi bjttiry rifjy hfdsis jk` hdkkihts tmi bjttiry td jvjcfjbfi busis. Ijhm stjrt ck flcomt hdukt js dki ijhm jojckst tmi bjttiry bjtti ry ‘ tmi oikir oikirjtdr jtdr `dis kdt jsscst jcrstj jcrstjrts. rts. Xii JAL adr dtmir ifihtrchjf fclctjtcdks. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-? X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF JH ^D_IR JH Xwcthmcko G-Bdx @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi JH swcthmcko G-bdx cs dk tmi iqucplikt smifa jbdvi tmi G-bdx. Pmi ukct swcthmis swcthm is JH JH pdwir ardl j sckofi jftirkjtdr td tmi PRY td pdwir tmi hdkvirti` pdwir busis. Pmi JH jftirkjtdr pdwir systil prcljrcfy prd- ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F vcìs ifihtrchcty td tmi mijti` wck`smcif`. Riair td Hmjptir :>, Chi jk` Rjck ^rdtihtcdk adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. Pmi jftirkjtdrs jri jfsd jfsd usi` adr bjheup bjheup pdwir pdw ir td tmi @H pdw pdwir ir systil ck tmi ivikt da j ùjf oikirjtdr ajcfuri (Acouri 2-=). DÎRJPCDK Pmi jftirkjtdrs jutdljtchjffy pdwir wck`smcif` mijt jatir ikocki stjrt ‘ kd jhtcdk riqucri` by tmi pcfdt. HDL^DKIKPX Ca j ùjf oikirjtdr ajcfuri dhhurs, tmi JH JH swcthmcko G-bdx jutdljtchjffy swcthmis rcomt jftirkjtdr JH pdwir pdw ir ardl tmi wck`smcif` td tmi tmi PRY PRY. Pmi PRY PRY hdkvirts tmi JH pdwir td @H pdwir jk` hdkkihts td tmi @H systil. Pmi bjttiry hdktckuis hdktckuis td bi hmjroi` jk` ldst jvcdkchs systils hdktckui td bi pdwiri`. pdw iri`. Pmi ljxclul jftctuì jftctuì uscko hdkvirti` hdkvirti` pdwir pdw ir cs AF89>. Hirtjck ctils jri jutdljtchjff jutdljtchjffy y smi` (fdst) ck drìr td prdvcì ldri clpdrtjkt ctils wctm pdwir. pdwir. J fcst da ‖smi`“ hdlpdkikts hjk bi siik ck Pjbfi 2-:. JH Jftirkjtdrs Pmi HG0 mjs twd 8-evj JH JH jftirkjtdrs jftir kjtdrs ‘ dki lduktld ukti` ukìr ijhm ikocki. ikocki. Pmi jftirkjtdrs jri tmi sdfi sdurhi da da wck`smcif` jktc-chi mijt. mijt. Riair td Hmjptir :> ‘ Chi jk` Rjck ^rdtihtcdk adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. Pmiri jri kd hdhepct hdktrdfs hdktrdfs adr tmi jftirkjtdrs. Prjksadrlir Rihtcacir Ykct Pmi trjksadrlir rihtc﬊ir ukct (PRY) cs dk tmi iqucplikt smifa s mifa jbdvi tmi G-bdx. Pmi PRY PRY hdkvirts tmrii-pmjsi JH pdwir td jcrhrjat @H pdwir. Pmi PRY mjs jk cktirkjf ajk td eiip tmi ukct hddfi`. Pmcs swcthmcko risufts ck jk jlbir _CK@XMCIF@ MIJP MIJ P AJCF AJCF R lissjoi. Pmi fiat jftirkjtdr jftir kjtdr hdktckuis td prdvcì prdvcì wck`smcif` mijt td cts zdkis. Ca tmi MDP BJPPIRS BYX FM IKOCKI RM IKOCKI _/X _/X HDKPRDFFIR HDKPRDFFIR PRY JH JFP JFP JH X_CPHMCKO X_CPHMCKO BD] FIOIK@ JH ^D_IR @H ^D_IR Acouri 2-=. JH ^dwir Oikirjtcdk 2-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS JH JFP JFP HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF rcomt jftirkjtdr wjs kdt jvjcfjbfi, tmi fiat jftirkjtdr wduf` prdvcì JH pdwir td tmi PRY. PRY. J ùjf jftirkjtdr ajcfuri wduf` risuft ck kd wck`smcif` mijt jk` fdss da hmjrocko td tmi bjttiry. bjttiry. ^fjhcko tmi BJPPIRS swcthm td ILIR lcomt riojck wck`smcif` mijt ìpik`cko dk jftirkjtdr jk` PRY stjtus. HDKPRDFX / CK@CHJPCDKX F J CH R P H I F I 2 Pmiri jri kd pmyschjf hdktrdfs adr tmi JH systil jk` kd ck`chjtdrs dtmir dtmir tmjk HJX HJX lissjois adr adr prdbfils. prdbfil s. FCLCPJPCDKX Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks jk` prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJjpprdvi` Jcrpfjki Afcomt Afcomt Ljkujf (JAL). ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk iliroikhy/jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-3 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi 2-8. HJX Lissjois LIXXJOI JH JFPIRKJ JFPIRKJPDR PDR AJCF AJCF F jk` R JH-@H HDKQIRPIR HDKQIRPIR AJC AJCF F ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F BJPPIRS AJCF @IXHRC^PCDK Ck`chjtis j fdss da dki dr bdtm JH Jftirkjtdrs jk` bdtm @H Oikirjtdrs da 󿬂cki. Pmiri cs kd wck`smcif` jktc-chi mijt jvjcfjbfi. jvjcfjbfi. Adffdw prdhiùris prdhiùris adr ri` @H OIKIRJPDR DAA F-R lissjoi Ck`chjtis ajcfuri da tmi hdkvirtir dr tmi hdkvirtir cs kdt rihicvcko jky jftirkjtdr pdwir jk` bdtm oikirjtdrs jri da󿬂cki. Pmcs lissjoi cs kdt siik ca tmi ri` ri` JH JFPIRKJ JF PIRKJPDR PDR AJCF AJCF F-R lissjoi lissjoi cs `cspfjyi`. `cspfjyi`. Adffdw prdhiùris prdhiùris adr ri` @H @H OIKIRJPDR DAA F-R lissjoi • Pmcs ri` lissjoi cs dkfy jssdhcjti` jssdhcjti` wctm j Fctmcul-Cdk bjttiry bjttiry.. Pmi hiktrjf ldkctdrcko systil (HLX) cs ìtihtcko dki dr ldri da tmi adffdwcko7 • Bjttiry `cshmjroi ; -:1>> jlps • Bjttiry hmjroi ; :>>> jlps • Dki dr ldri ldùfis cs ; ?:󰁤H prdhiùris. • Lildry ctils smduf` bi jhhdlpfcsmi` adffdwi` by hmihefcst prdhiùris. BJPPIRS BJPPIR S DQIRPIL^ Pmcs ri` lissjoi cs dkfy jssdhcjti` wctm j Kc-Hj` dr fij`-jhc` bjttiry jk` ck`chjtis tmi tilpirjturi cs bitwiik 18-?:󰁤H. Lildry ctils smduf` smduf` bi jhhdlpfcsmi` adffdwi` by hmihefcst prdhiùris. BJPPIRS DQIRPIL^ ;?:¾H Pmcs ri` lissjoi cs dkfy jssdhcjti` wctm j Kc-Hj` dr fij`-jhc` bjttiry jk` ck`chjtis tmi tilpirjturi cs orijtir orijtir tmjk ?:dH. Lildry ctils smduf` bi jhhdlpfcsmi` jhhdlpfcsmi` adffdwi` by hmihefcst prdhiùris. @H OIKIRJPDR OIKIRJPDR DAA F jk` R Pmi @H OIKIRJPDR DAA lissjoi ck`chjtis tmi jaaihti` oikirjtdr(s) cs `cshdkkihti` ardl tmi systil by ictmir jutdljtch dr pcfdt jhtcdk. Pmi lissjoi cs ri` ca bdtm oikirjtdrs jri da󿬂cki jk` bdtm jftirkjtdrs jri kdt prdvc`cko JH-td-@H pdwir. Adffdw jpprdprcjti @H OIKIRJPDR DAA prdhiùris. Jlbir JH JF JFPIRKJ PIRKJPDR PDR AJCF AJCF F jk` R Jk jlbir JH JFPIRKJ JFPIRKJPDR PDR AJCF AJCF lissjoi ck`chjtis ck`chjtis tmi jaaihti` jaaihti` jftirkjtdr(s) jftirkjtdr(s) mjs ajcfi` dr tmi jaaihti` scì _/X (wck`smcif`) (wck`smcif `) MIJP MIJP HB(s) cs dut. Fdss da dki jftirkjtdr risufts ck fdss da tmjt jftirkjtdr–s jftirkj tdr–s wck`-smcif wck`-smcif` ` jktc-chi mijt. Fdss da bdtm jftirkjtdrs risufts ck fdss da jff wck`smcif` jktc-chi mijt jk` fdss da jky oikirjti` JH-td-@H pdwir pdwir.. Adffdw prdhiùris prdhiùris adr adr jlbir JH JF JFPIRKJ PIRKJPDR PDR AJCF. AJCF. BJPPIRS AJYFP Jk jlbir lissjoi lissjoi ck`chjtis tmi tmi HLX mjs ajcfi` ajcfi` dr tmi HLX cs ìtihtcko dki da tmi adffdwcko7 • Adur dr ldri ldùfis mjvi ajcfi` • Bjttiry vdftjoi cs ; 8>Q dr 6 22Q • Istcljti` hjpjhcty cs 6 82 jlp-mdurs • Bjttiry tilpirjturi cs 6 -:>dH dr ; 18dH BJPPIRS BJPPIR S DQIRHYRRIKP DQIRHYRRIK P 2-:> Pmcs jlbir lissjoi ck`chjtis j sustjcki` hmjroi dr `cshmjroi orijtir tmjk 2>> jlps wmik kdt hdkùhtcko jk ikocki stjrt. J ldliktjry `cspfjy ljy dhhur 2 lckutis jatir jk ikocki stjrt jk` cs kdt jbkdrljf. Adffdw hmihefcst prdhiùris. prdhiùris. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi 2-8. HJX Lissjois (hdktckui`) LIXXJOI @H OIKIRJPDR DAA F jk` R @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi @H OIKIRJPDR DAA lissjoi ck`chjtis tmi jaaihti` oikirjtdr(s) cs `cshdkkihti` ardl tmi systil by ictmir jutdljtch jutdljtch dr pcfdt jhtcdk. Pmi lissjoi cs jlbir adr dki dr bdtm oikirjtdrs da󿬂cki prdvcì` jt fijst dki da tmi jftirkjtdrs cs prdvc`cko JH-td-@H pdwir pdwir.. @H OIK DQIRHYRRIKP F jk` R G-BD] FCLCPIR DÎK F jk` R Pmi jlbir @H OIK DQIRHYRRIKP lissjoi ck`chjtis tmi jaaihti` oikirjtdr jlpirjoi dutput mjs ixhiiì` fclcts adr j prdfdkoi` prdfdkoi` tcli. Ldliktjry `cspfjy da tmcs lissjoi 2 lckutis jatir jatir jk ikocki stjrt cs kdt jbkdrljf. jbkdrljf. Xustjcki` `cspfjy da tmcs lissjoi riqucris hmihefcst prdhiùris. prdhiùris. Pmcs jlbir lissjoi ck`chjtis ck`chjtis tmi jaaihti` 229-jlp hurrikt fclctir fclctir mjs ajcfi`. ^rcdr td orduk` ikocki stjrt, kulirdus dtmir lissjois ljy bi prisikt jfdko wctm j stij`y, kdk-risittj kdk-risittjbfi bfi LJXPIR _JRKCKO _JRKCKO fcomt. Ikocki stjrt wduf` bi ckmcbcti ckmcbcti` ` dk tmi orduk`. Ck 󿬂comt tmi kdrljf ifihtrchjf systil mjs bjschjffy biik `cvcì` wctm ijhm scì–s scì–s oikirjtdr pdwircko tmjt mjfa. _ctm j sckofi fclctir ajcfuri, dki mjfa cs jfsd hdkkihti` td tmi bjttiry wmchm cs bicko hmjroi`. hmjroi`. _ctm j ùjf fclctir ajcfuri, tmi bjttiry wcff `cshmjroi. `cshmjroi. Jk ikocki ristjrt ck ck 󿬂comt ljy bi pdsscbfi uscko wck`lcff stjrt prdhiùris. G-BD] RILDPI HB PRC^ Pmcs jlbir lissjoi ck`chjtis dki dr ldri da tmi ldkctdri` hcrhuct brijeirs brijeirs ck tmi G-bdx mjs trcppi`. trcppi`. Jff brijeirs jri jri kdt ldkctdri`. BJPPIRS AJYF AJYFP P Pmcs lissjoi cs dkfy jssdhcjti` wctm wctm j Fctmcul-Cdk bjttiry. bjttiry. J hyjk lissjoi ck`chjtis tmi hiktrjf ldkctdrcko systil (HLX) mjs ìtihti` j ajcfuri da tmrii ldùfis. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-:: F J CH R P H I F I 2 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX :. ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F 2. 8. ^rcdr td ﬊rst ikocki ikocki stjrt, ifihtrchjf systil ck`chjtcdks jri `cspfjyi` wmiri4 J. Â@ : B. LA@ : H. LA@ 2 @. B jk` H 1. _mik hdkkihti` jk` pdw pdwiri`, iri`, tmi I^Y hmjrois tmi jcrhrjat bjttiry4 ?. J. B. H. @. _mjt cs tmi `c﬎irikhi bitwiik jk jlbir jk` j ri` OIKIRJPDR DAA F‘R lissjoi4 J. Dki oikirjtdr d﬎ fcki ck`chjtis jlbir, bdtm oikirjtdrs oikirjtdrs d﬎ fcki ck`chjtis ri` B. Bdtm oikirjtdr oikirjtdrss d﬎ fcki ck`chjtis jlbir, bdtm oikirjtdrs d﬎ fcki jk` bdtm jftirkjtdrs d﬎ fcki ck`chjtis ri` H. Ca dki oikirjtdr oikirjtdr rifjy rifjy cs trcppi` trcppi` tmi lissjoi ck`chjtis jlbir, ca dki oikirjtdr ﬊if` cs trcppi` tmi lissjoi ck`chjtis ri` Bjttiry pdwir pdwir suppfcis TTTTTlckutis ca tmi bjttiry bjtt iry swc swcthm thm cs ck ILIR pdsct pdsctcdk, cdk, wctm j fdss da jff ikocki `rcvik pdwir sdurhis ck flcomt. @. Dki oikirjt oikirjtdr dr d﬎ fcki adr ldri tmjk 2> sihdk`s jk` fdw vdftjoi dk tmi bjttiry, tmi lissjoi ck`chjtis ri`, dki oikirjtdr d﬎ fcki adr fiss tmjk 2> sihdk`s, tmi lissjoi ck`chjtis jlbir 29 lckutis 1> lckutis 8> lckutis == lckutis =. _ctm tmi BJPP BJPP @CXH Xwcthm ck tmi @CXH pdsctcdk, tmi bjttiry `cshdkkiht `cshdkkiht rifjy cs pdwpdwiri` by7 (jvjcfjbfi pdwir adr :2 mdurs) B. Xtjk`by jttctuì ck`chjtdr bjttiry (jvjcf(jvjcfjbfi pdwir adr == lckutis) H. Rifjy cs kdt pdwiri` pdwiri`,, ct cs lihmjkchjf @. Oikirjtdr pdwir pdwir sckhi tmi bjttiry cs `cshdkkihti` Pmi fcomt ck tmi IKOCKI XPJRPIR XPJRPIR buttdks cffulckjti td ck`chjti7 J. B. H. @. 2-:2 _mjt `dis j ri` JH-@H HDKQIRPIR AJCF lissjoi ck`chjti4 J. B. H. @. J. Bjttir Bjttiry y wctm BJPPIR BJPPIRS S Xwcthm ck DK 9. 8>> 20> :?> 2>> J. Sis, ca tmi bjttiry bjt tiry swcthm swct hm cs ck tmi BJP BJPPIRS PIR S pdsctcdk. pds ctcdk. B. Sis, ca tmi bjttiry bjt tiry swcthm swct hm cs ck tmi BJP BJPPIRS dr ILIR pdsctcdk. H. Kd, tmi I^Y hjkkdt hmjroi tmi jcrhrjat bjttiry.. bjttiry @. Sis, tmi I^Y hdkkihts td tmi Mdt Bjttiry Bus wmchm cs prcdr td tmi Bjttiry rifjy. J. B. H. @. 0. Pmi ljxclul oikirjtdr oikirjtdr jlps dk tmi orduk` cs7 3. Bdtm jftirkjtdrs jri dpirjtcko kdrljffy Bdtm oikirjtdr oikirjtdrss jri dpirjtcko kdrljffy Pmcs ri` lissjoi `dis `dis kdt ixcst Bdtm oikirjtdrs mjvi mjvi ajcfi` jk` tmi jcrhrjat cs dk bjttiry pdwir dkfy _mjt `d tmi ikocki-`rcvik ikocki-`rcvik jftirkjtdrs (JH) (JH) kdrljffy pdwir4 J. Hdffcks flcomt `cspfjys B. Hdffcks flcomt `cspfjys jk` Hdffcks ALX H@Y H. Hdffcks flcomt `cspfjys, ALX H@Y, H@Y, jk` mijti` wck`smcif` @. Dkfy tmi mijti` wck`smcif` Xtjrtcko cs hdlpfiti Dpikcko da tmi stjrt rifjy Hfdscko da tmi stjrt rifjy rifjy Oikirjtdr `cshdkkiht ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS Rivcscdk >.>: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF :>._mjt ::. jri tmi lildry ctils wctm j ri` BJPPIRS AJCF lissjoi7 J. Kdti vdfts jk` jlps, BJPPIRS Xwcthm - DAA, Kdtis vdfts jk` jlps B. Kdti vdfts jk` jlps, BJPPIRS Xwcthm - ILIR, Kdti vdfts jk` jlps H. Xmut d﬎ Oikirj Oikirjtdrs tdrs jk` BJPPIR BJPPIRS S Xwcthm Xwcth m td ILIR, jftirkjtdrs jftir kjtdrs prdvcì pdwir pdwir td tmi PRY @. Kdti vdfts jk` jlps, jftirkjtdrs td DAA, DAA, Kdti vdfts vdfts jk` jlps :8. _mjt cs tmi aukhtcdk da tmi tmi trjksadrlir rihtc﬊ir ukct (PRY)4 :0. J. @ujf oikirjtdr oikirjtdr ajcfuri jk` j rcomt jftirkjjftirkjtdr ajcfuri B. @ujf oikirjtdr oikirjtdr ajcfuri, ajcfuri, tmi fiat jftirkjtdr jftirkjtdr pdwirs pdw irs tmi PRY jk` tmi rcomt jftirkjtdr pdwirs pdw irs mjfa tmi mijti` mijti` wck`smcif` H. @ujf oikirjtdr oikirjtdr ajcfuri jk` bjttiry bjttiry pdwir pdwir cs bifdw 20 vdfts @. @ujf oikirjtdr ajcfuri jk` dkfy tmi Â@ : jk` LA@ : jri jvjcfjbfi J. Hdkvirts @H td JH JH pdwir pdwir ck drìr td pdwir pdw ir tmi JH hdkvirti` hdkvirti` pdwir pdwir busis B. Hdkvirts JH JH td @H td kdrljffy pdwir pdwir tmi @H pdwiri` mijti` wck`smcif`, dr tmi hdkvirti` pdwir bus ck jk iliroikhy H. Hdkvirts JH pdwir pdwir td @H pdwir pdwir ck drìr td pdwir tmi @H hdkvirti` pdwir busis @. Ldkctdrs tmi tmi JH jftirkjtdrs jk` ljcktjcks prdpir pjrjffif pjrjffifcko cko bitwiik tmi fiat jk` rcomt jftirkjtdrs :2. _mik wduf` jk jftirkjtdr pdwir tmi bjttiry bus4 _mjt hdk`ctcdk ljeis tmi fiat jftirkjtdr pdwir pdwir tmi bjttiry bus4 _ctm tmi oikirjtdrs dkfcki jk` kd ixtirkjf pdwir, pdw ir, tmi bjttiry cs csdfjti` csdfjti` ardl jky jky hmjrocko sdurhi wmik tmi BJPPIRS swcthm cs ck7 J. B. H. @. :9. DK DAA ILIR Bdtm B jk` H _mjt cs tmi ljxclul hrucsi jftctuì wctm j ùjf oikirjtdr ajcfuri (jftirkjtdrs wdrecko)4 J.AF20> B.AF89> H.AF0:> @.AF09> J. Jftirkjtdrs hjk kivir kivir pdwir pdwir tmi bjttiry bus, dkfy tmi tmi mijti` wck`smcif` wck`smcif` B. Jftirkjtdrs pdwir pdwir tmi bjttiry bus wctm j ùjf oikirjtdr ajcfuri jk` tmi mijti` wck`smcif` swcthm ck tmi DAA pdsctcdk H. @ujf oikirjtdr oikirjtdr ajcfuri, ajcfuri, tmi rcomt rcomt jftirkjtdr pdwirs tmi PRY wmchm pdwirs tmi mdt bjttiry bus @. @ujf oikirjtdr oikirjtdr ajcfuri, tmi tmi fiat jftirkjtdr jftirkjtdr pdwirs pdw irs tmi PRY jk` tmi rcomt jftirkjtdr pdwirs pdw irs mjfa tmi mijti` mijti` wck`smcif` ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 2-:8 F J CH R P H I F I 2 X L I P X S X R I _ D ^ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ^ D _ I R X S X P I L X 2 I F I H P R CH J F CKPIKPCDKJFFS FIAP BFJKE 2-:0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 8 FCOMPCKO HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. 8-: OIKIRJF ............................................................................................................................ 8-: CKPIRCDR FCOMPCKO ......................................................................................................... 8-2 Hdhepct Fcomtcko ............................................................................................................ 8-2 Hjbck Fcomtcko Fcomtcko........................ .................................................... ........................................................ ......................................................... ................................ ... 8-2 CKP LJXPIR Xwcthmfcomt ............................................................................................. 8-9 I]PIRCDR FCOMPCKO ........................................................................................................ 8-9 Kjvcojtcdk Kjvcojtcd k jk` Jktchdffcscdk .......................... ...................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ 8-9 Bijhdk Fcomt .................................................................................................................. 8-9 Fjk`cko/Pjxc Fcomts ....................................................................................................... 8-1 Pjcf Fdod fcomts............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ....................................................... ........................... 8-1 FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ 8-1 ZYIXPCDKX ......................................................................................................................... 8-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 8-c O K C P M O C F 8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF 8 F CO M P CK O FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 8-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi Acouri 8-:. @CLLCKO ^jkifs ........................................................................................ 8-2 Acouri 8-2. Dvirmij` Fcomt Hdktrdfs .............................................................................. 8-2 Acouri 8-8. Iktry Fcomt ................................................................................................... 8-2 Acouri 8-0. Hfcikt Xwcthm ^jkif ...................................................................................... 8-8 Acouri 8-9. Ljstir Xwcthm ^jkif ..................................................................................... 8-8 Acouri 8-1. Ljstir Xwcthm jk` QC^ ^jkifs ..................................................................... 8-8 Acouri 8-?. Hjbck Fcomtcko .............................................................................................. 8-8 Acouri 8-=. ^jssikoir Rij`cko Fcomts............................................................................. 8-0 Acouri 8-3. Fcomtcko Hdktrdf Xwcthmis.......................... ...................................................... .................................................. ...................... 8-0 Acouri 8-:>. KD XLDECKO jk` XIJP XIJP BIFP BIFP Xcoks............................ ....................................................... ........................... 8-0 Acouri 8-::. ILIR FCOMPX Xwcthm................................................................................ Xwcthm................................................................................ 8-9 Acouri 8-:2. Kjvcojtcdk, Kjvcojtcdk, Jktchdffcscdk, Jktchdffcscdk, Rihdokctcdk Rihdokctcdk Bijhdk, jk` _mcti Jat-Ajhcko Jat-Ajhcko Fcomts .......................... ...................................................... .............................................. .................. 8-1 Acouri 8-:8. Fjk`cko/Pjxc Fcomts ..................................................................................... 8-? Acouri 8-:0. Pjcf Fdod Fcomt ............................. ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ 8-? Acouri 8-:9. Acouri Kdsi Bjoojoi Xwcthm ....................................................................... 8-? Acouri 8-:1. Jat Bjoojoi Hdlpjrtlikt Fcomt Xwcthm ..................................................... 8-? ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 8-ccc O K C P M O C F 8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF 8 F CO M P CK O FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 8-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 8 FCOMPCKO O K C P M O C F 8 CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs hmjptir ìshrcbis tmi fcomtcko systil dk tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Pmi fcomtcko systil hdkscsts da adur ordups7 cktircdr, iliroikhy, ixtircdr, jk` kdsi/tjcf hdki bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt fcomtcko. Jff fcomtcko cs hdktrdffi` by swcthmis jk` prdtihti` by hcrhuct brijeirs jk` rifjys. OIKIRJF Pmi ljgdrcty da jff fcomts dk tmi HG0 jri fcomt ilcttcko `cdìs (FI@s), wmchm prdùhi fcttfi mijt jk`, tmiriadri, fjst fdkoir. Pmi kdsi jk` tjcf bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt fcomts jc` ck stdwcko jk` rildvcko stdwi` ctils wmik kiiì`. Cktircdr fcomtcko hdkscsts da `criht jk` ck`criht fcomtcko adr tmi hdhepct jk` hjbck jrijs. Iliroikhy fcomtcko prdvcìs cffulckjtcdk ck hjsi da ifihtrchjf pdwir pdw ir ajcfuri dr j 2O clpjht. clpjht. Pmi fcomtcko systil cs hdktrdffi` by swcthmfcomts jk` ekdbs dk tmi ckstrulikt pjkif, swcthm pjkifs ck tmi hjbck, jk` tdoofi swcthmis ck tmi bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt jrijs. Ixtircdr fcomtcko hdkscsts da fcomts adr kjvcojtcdk, jktchdffcscd jktchdffcscdk, fiat wcko ckspihtcdk, fjk`cko/tjxc, jk` tjcf fdodk,fcomts. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 8-: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CKPIRCDR FCOMPCKO Afdd`fcomts jk` Ljp Fcomts HDHE^CP FCOMPCKO Pmi hdhepct fcomtcko systil prdvcìs vjrcjbfi fcomt- Afdd`fcomts jk` twd ck`cvcùjf ljp fcomts jri dvirmij` ck tmi hdhepct (Acouri 8-2). Pmi fcomts jri hdktrdffi` by tmrii ekdbs ck tmi hiktir da tmi dvirmij` pjkif. cko adr tmi jk` ckstrulikt hdktrdf pjkifs, `cspfjys, fldd`fcomts, ljp fcomts. AFDD@FCOMP Pmi hdhepct fcomtcko systil cs suppfci` by ljck @H pdwir tmrduom tmi jat G-bdx. _mik ljck @H pdwir pdw ir cs kdt jvjcfjbfi, jvjcfjbfi, sdli sdli systil ctils rihicvi rihicvi pdwir pdw ir ardl tmi iliroikhy iliroikhy bjttiry bjttiry bus. Ckstrulikt Fcomtcko 8 F CO M P CK O Pmi hdhepct ckstrulikt fcomts utcfczi FI@s adr bjhefcomtcko bjhefcom tcko tmi pjki pjkifs fs jk` cffu cffulckj lckjtcko tcko tmi swc swcthmthmfcomts. Pmi fcomts jri jr i hdktrdffi` hdktrdffi ` by tmi ^JKIF ^JKIF ekdb dk tmi @CLLCKO pjkif da tmi hiktir piìstjf (Acouri 8-:). Pmi fcomt cktikscty cs hdktrdffi` by rdtjtcko tmi ekdb hfdhewcsi td ckhrijsi jk` hduktirhfdhewcsi td ìhrijsi tmi brcomtkiss. Pmi Pmi ekdb jfsd mjs j @JS pdsctcdk. Xifihtcko tmi @JS pdsctcdk turks tmi pjkif fcomtcko d﬎ adr `jy dpirjtcdk. LJ^ Acouri 8-2. Dvirmij` Fcomt Hdktrdfs HJBCK FCOMPCKO Pmi hjbck fcomtcko hdkscsts da hjbck iktry fcomts, rij`cko/tjbfi fcomts, fjvjtdry fjvjtdry fcomts, pjssikoir sjaity fcomts, iliroikhy ixct scoks, jk` dvirmij` jk` `rdppi` jcsfi fcomts. Acouri 8-:. @CLLCKO ^jkifs Afcomt @cspfjys Pmi prcljry flcomt `cspfj `cspfjys ys (Â@s) jk` luftcaukhtcdk flcomt `cspfjys (LA@s) jri pdwiri` by ljck @H pdwir. _mik kdrljf jk` hdkvirti` pdwir jri kdt jvjcfjbfi, tmi fiat Â@ cs pdwiri` by tmi iliroikhy iliroikh y bjttiry bus. Hjbck Iktry Fcomt Pmi hjbck iktry fcomt cs ck tmi hiktir da tmi hjbck `ddr iktry jrij (Acouri 8-8). Pmi fcomt cs hdktrdffi` by ictmir tmi iktry fcomts swcthm pjkif dk tmi fiat scì da tmi hjbck `ddr dr tmi hfcikt swcthm pjkif dk tmi adrwjr` hjbckit wjff (Acouri 8-0). Pmi iktry fcomt turks d﬎ jutdljtchjffy jatir :> lckutis. Pmi `cspfjys cktikscty cs hdktrdffi` by tmi Â@ :/ LA@ : jk` LA@ 2/Â@ 2 rmidstjt ekdbs dk tmi @CLLCKO pjkif da tmi hiktir piìstjf (Acouri 8-:). Pmi ckscì da ijhm ekdb hdktrdfs tmi LA@s jk` tmi dutscì hdktrdfs tmi Â@s. Rdtjtcko ictmir ekdb hfdhewcsi ckhrijsis tmi brcomtkiss jk` rdtjtcko hduktirhfdhewcsi ìhrijsis tmi brcomtkiss. Acouri 8-8. Iktry Fcomt 8-2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pmi ljstir swcthm pjkif cs dk tmi rcomt adrwjr` hjbckit (Acouri 8-9). Pmi fcomts hjk jfsd bi hdktrdffi` by tmi hfcikt swcthm pjkif. Hjbck Dvirmij` jk` @rdppi` Jcsfi Fcomtcko Acouri 8-0. Hfcikt Xwcthm ^jkif Pmi hjbck dvirmij` fcomtcko hdkscsts da adur rdws da FI@ fcomts tmjt ixtik` tmi auff fikotm da tmi hjbck (Acouri 8-?). Pmi hjbck `rdppi` jcsfi fcomtcko hdkscsts da dki rdw da FI@ fcomts dk ijhm scì da tmi jcsfi. Bdtm riqucri ljck @H pdwir. _mik tmi bjttiry swcthm cs ck tmi DK pdsctcdk, tmi dvirmij` fcomts jutdljtchjffy hdli dk. ûsmcko tmi hjbck fcomts swcthm dk tmi hfcikt swcthm pjkif turks dvirmij` jk` jcsfi fcomts d ﬎. ûsmcko tmi swcthm j sihdk` tcli dkfy turks tmi dvirmij` fcomts bjhe dk. Pmi dv dvirmij` irmij` jk` `rdppi` jcsfi fcomts hjk jfsd bi ckìpikìktfy hdktrdffi` ardl tmi ljstir swcthm (Acouripjkif 8-1). dr tmi ixihutcvi (QC^) hdktrdf pjkif Acouri 8-9. Ljstir Xwcthm ^jkif Hjbck Dvirmij` Fcomtcko Acouri 8-1. Ljstir Xwcthm jk` QC^ ^jkifs Pmi adffdwcko fcomts hdli dk wmik ictmir tmi iktry swcthm cs pusmi`7 • Hjbck iktry fcomt • Xijt 1 rij`cko/tjbfi fcomt • Iliroikhy ixct scoks • Rcomt fjvjtdry fcomt (ishjpi mjthm) J wmcti ck`chjtdr fcomt dk tmi swcthmis cffulckjtis td ck`chjti tmi swcthm cs dk. @rdppi` Jcsfi Fcomtcko Acouri 8-?. Hjbck Fcomtcko ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 8-8 O K C P M O C F 8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Rij`cko/Pjbfi Fcomts J`gustjbfi dvirmij` rij`cko/tjbfi fcomts jri jbdvi ijhm sijt (Acouri 8-=). ^jssikoir tjbfi fcomts jri jfsd jvjcfjbfi. J`gjhikt td ijhm dvirmij` rij`cko fcomt jri twd tduhm swcthmis, dki adr tmi rij`cko fcomt jk` dki adr tmi tjbfi fcomt. Ixct jk` ^jssikoir J`vcsdry Lissjoi Fcomts Pmi I]CP jk` j k` XIJP XIJP BIFP/KD XLDECKO scoks jri hdktrdffi` by tmi ^JXX FCOMPX pjkif dk tmi hiktir piìstjf (Acouri 8-3). Pmiri cs kd hmcli jssdhcjti` wctm tmisi fcomts. Acouri 8-3. Fcomtcko Hdktrdf Xwcthmis ^jssikoir Rij`cko Fcomt 8 F CO M P CK O _mik tmi XJAIPS swcthmfcomt cs jhtcvjti`, tmi XIJP BIFP, KD XLDECKO, jk` jff iliroikhy I]CP scoks jri cffulckjti cffulckjti` ` (Acouri 8-:>). _mik tmi BIFP swcthmfcomt cs jhtcvjti` jht cvjti`,, tmi XIJ XIJP P BIFP BIF P DK scok cs cffulckjti`. Jff iliroikhy iliroikhy I]CP scoks jri ixtckou ixtckoucsmi`. csmi`. ILIROIKHS FCOMPCKO Pmi iliroikhy fcomt systil prdvcìs fcomtcko adr tmi cktircdr jk` ixtircdr jfdko tmi dvirwcko ishjpi pjtm. _mik kdrljf @H pdwir pdwir ajcfs, tmi systil cs Pjb jbfi fi Fc mt Acouri 8-=. ^jssikoir Rij`cko Fcomts Jat Fjvjtdry Fcomts Fcomts Pmi jat fjvjtdry fcomtcko hdkscsts da twd fcomts, dki dvir tmi tdcfit jk` dki dvir tmi jat iliroikhy ixct. Pmi fcomts hjk bi fct by tduhm swcthmis, dvirmij` rij`cko/tjbfi fcomt swcthmis, dr tmi iktry swcthm pjkif. Ca turki` dk by tmi iktry swcthm pjkif, tmi tduhm swcthmis hjk kd fdkoir hdktrdf tmi fcomt. Acouri 8-:>. KD XLDECKO jk` XIJP BIF BIFP P Xcok Xcoks s 8-0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF pdwiri` by tmrii iliroikhy bjttiry pdwiri` b jttiry pjhes. Pmi pjhes jri ck tmi jat, lc``fi, jk` adrwjr` hjbck jrij. Pmi bjttiry pjhes jri eipt hmjroi` by tmi ljck @H pdwir jk` prdtihti` by hcrhuct brijeirs dk tmi ljck G-bdx. FCOMPX swcthm td tmi DAA pdsctcdk pdsctc dk jk` tmik bjhe td tmi JRL pdsctcdk. CKP LJXPIR X_CPHMFCOMP Pmi CKP LJXPIR swcthmfcomt dk tmi fiat HB pjkif Pmi systil cs hdktrdffi` by tmi ILIR FCOMPX swcthm dk tmi IFIHPRCHJF ^D_IR pjkif (Acouri 8-::). Pmi swcthm mjs tmi adffdwcko pdsctcdks7 hdktrdfs tmi ifihtrchjf pdwir td tmi hjbck. _mik pfjhi` ck tmi DAA pdsctcdk, tmi ljstir cktircdr rifjy cs dpiki` wmchm smuts d ﬎ jff ifihtrchjf pdwir pdw ir td tmi hjbck jrij. jrij. I]PIRCDR FCOMPCKO Pmi ixtircdr fcomt systil prdvcìs kihissjry cffulckjtcdk adr jcrhrjat dpirjtcdks. Pmi systil cs hdktrdffi` by swcthmfcomts swcthmfcomts dk tmi I]PIRCDR FCOMPX pjkif dk tmi hiktir piìstjf. Pmi swcthmfcomts swcthmfcomts jri prdtihti` by hcrhuct brijeirs dk ictmir tmi fiat dr Acouri 8-::. ILIR FCOMPX Xwcthm • DAA‐Ixtckoucsmis jff iliroikhy fcomts jk` hjusis tmi jlbir ILIR FCOMPX KDP JRLI@ J RLI@ HJX lissj lissjoi oi td jppijr. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti jk` j hmcli sduk`s. • JRL‐Fcomts jri d﬎ uktcf jhtcvjti` by tmi 2-O swcthm dr fdss da @H pdwir. • DK‐Iliroikhy fcomts cffulckjti Pmi adffdwcko fcomts jri cffulckjti` wmik tmi iliroikhy fcomt systil cs jhtcvjti`7 • Rcomt `rdppi` jcsfi fcomts dkfy • Hjbck iktry fcomt (kd dvirmij` fcomts) • Pjbfi fcomt bitwiik sijts 0 jk` 1 • Xijt ? rij`cko/tjbfi fcomt rcomt G-bdxis ck tmi tjcf hdki. O K C P M O C F 8 KJQCOJPCDK JK@ KJQCOJPCDK JKPCHDFFCXCDK Pmi kjvcojtcdk jk` jktchdffcscdk fcomts hdkscsts da FI@s ldukti` ck j sckofi jssilbfy jssil bfy dk ijhm wckotcp (Acouri 8-:2). Pmi kjvcojtcdk kjvcojtcdk fcomts jri ri` dk tmi fiat jk` oriik dk tmi rcomt. Ijhm jssilbfy jfsd hdktjcks jat-ajhcko wmcti pdsctcdk fcomts jk` jk jktchdffcscdk fcomt tmjt fljsmis. Pmi kjvcojtcdk jri hdktrdffi` by tmi swcthmfcomt jk`fcomts tmi jktchdffcscdk fcomts jriKJQ hdktrdffi` by tmi XPRDBI swcthmfcomt. Bdtm swcthmfcomts jri dk tmi I]PIRCDR FCOMPX pjkif (sii Acouri 8-3). BIJHDK FCOMP • Iliroikh Iliroikhy y I]CP scoks • Pmrii ixtircdr dvirwcko dvirwcko fcomts (rcomt wcko) Pmi iliroikhy bjttiry bjttir y pjhes tmjt pdwir tmi iliroikhy fcomtcko systil jri ijhm jhtcvjti` by j 2-O swcthm tmjt siksis j 2-O (dr orijtir) ìhifirjtcdk, tmus jhtcvjtcko tmi iliroikhy fcomtcko systil. Pmi HG0 cs iqucppi` wctm j bijhdk fcomt adr j`ì` sjaity ùrcko tjxccko da tmi jcrhrjat. Pmi fcomt cs j fljsmcko ri` FI@ dk tdp da tmi virtchjf stjbcfczir (Acouri 8-:2). Pmi fcomt cs hdktrdffi` by tmi BIJHDK swcthmfcomt dk tmi I]PIRCDR FCOMPX pjkif. Pmi 2-O swcthmis jri risit by turkcko tmi ILIR ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 8-9 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FJK@CKO/PJ]C FCOMPX KDXI JK@ PJCF HDKI Pmi fjk`cko/tjxc fcomts jri FI@s dk tmi biffy ajcrcko adrwjr` da tmi wcko spjr (Acouri 8-:8). Pmi fcomts jri hdktrdffi` by tmi swcthmfcomts dk tmi I]PIRCDR FCOMPX jk` ^YFXI FCOMPX pjkifs. BJOOJOI FCOMPCKO Pmi pjkifs hdkscst da tmi adffdwcko swcthmfcomts (sii Acouri 8-3)7 bjoojoi bjooj oi FI@ fcomts jri hdktrd hdktrdffi` ffi` by j tdoofi swcthm ck tmi hiktir da tmi dvirmij` jrij wmchm cs jhhisscbfi ardl tmi fiat scì dkfy (Acouri 8-:9). Pmi tjcf bjoojoi FI@s jri hdktrdffi` j tdoofi swcthm dk tmi ckscì fcp da tmi tjcf bjoojoi `ddr (Acouri 8-:1). Pmi fcomts hjk bi ljkujffy turki` dk dr d﬎. Pmi fcomts jri jutdljtchjffy turki` d﬎ wmik tmi hdlpjrtlikt `ddrs jri hfdsi`. • I]PIRCDR FCOMPX pjkif ¾ PJ]C swcthmfcomt‐Cffulckjtis swcthmfcomt‐Cffulc kjtis tmi fcomts jt j kdrljf stij`y cffulckjtcdk cffulckjtcdk Pmi bjoojoi fcomtcko prdvcìs fcomtcko adr tmi kdsi jk` tjcf hdki bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikts. Pmi kdsi ¾ FK@O swcthmfcomt‐Cffulckjtis tmi fcomts jt tmi mcomist stij`y cffulckjtcdk FCLCPJPCDKX • ^YFXI FCOMPX pjkif ¾ PHJX swcthmfcomt‐Jrls tmi pufscko 8 F CO M P CK O aijturi jk` turks d﬎ tmi fcomts uktcf j trja﬊h j`vcsdry cs jhtcvjti` wmchm hjusis tmi fcomts td pufsi ¾ DK swcthmfcomt‐ûfsis tmi fcomts Dkfy dki da adur swcthmfcomts hjk bi jhtcvjti` jt j tcli. ûsmcko dki ìjhtcvjtis tmi dtmir. PJCF FDOD FCOMPX Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks, riair td tmi AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk Iliroikhy/Jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi tmi AJJ-jpprd AJJ-jpprdvi` vi` JAL. Pmi tjcf fdod fcomts jri dk tmi ukìrscì da tmi fiat jk` rcomt mdrczdktjf stjbcfczirs jk` cffulckjti bdtm scìs da tmi virtchjf stjbcfczir (Acouri 8-:0). Pmi fcomts jri hdktrdffi` by tmi FDOD swcthmfcomt dk tmi I]PIRCDR FCOMPX pjkif. PJCF KJQCOJPCDK KJQCOJPCDK FCOMP KJQCOJPCDK KJQCOJ PCDK FCOMP BIJHDK JKPCHDFFCXCDK JKPCHDFFCXCDK FCOMP Acouri 8-:2. 8-:2. Kjvcojtcdk, Jktchdffcscdk, Jktchdffcscdk, Rihdokctcdk Rihdokctcdk Bijhdk, Bijhdk, jk` _mcti Jat-Ajhcko Jat-Ajhcko Fcomts 8-1 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Acouri 8-:8. Fjk`cko/Pjxc Fcomts O K C P M O C F 8 Acouri 8-:0. Pjcf Fdod Fcomt Acouri 8-:1. Jat Bjoojoi Hdlpjrtlikt Fcomt Xwcthm Acouri 8-:9. Kdsi Bjoojoi Xwcthm ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 8-? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX :. _mjt cs tmi aukhtcdk da tmi @JS pdsctcdk dk tmi ckstrulikt fcomtcko pjkif4 9. J. _mcti ck`chjtdr fcomt fcomt dk tmi BIJHDK swcthm cs kdt cffulckjti` B. Jlbir ck`chjtdr fcomt dk tmi BIJHDK BIJHDK swcthm cs cffulckjti` H. Hyjk ck`chjtdr fcomt dk tmi BIJHDK swcthm cs cffulckjti` @. HJX lissjoi jk` wmcti mjfd jrduk` BIJHDK swcthm cs kdt cffulckjti` J. Purks tmi ckstrulikt pjkif td mcom cktikscty B. Purks tmi ckstr ckstrulikt ulikt pjkif d﬎ H. Jksw Jkswir ir J jk` brcomtiks ifihtrdkch hmjrts @. Jkswir B jk` brcomtiks ifihtrdkch hmjrts 2. 8 F CO M P CK O _mjt ckctcjffy turks dk tmi hjbck dvirmij` dvirmij` fcomts4 J. Pmi Bjttiry Xwcthm td DK turks dk tmi hjbck dvirmij` fcomts B. Pmi Iktry fcomt swcthm jutdljtchjffy turks dk tmi hjbck dvirmij` fcomts H. Pmi :st pusm da tmi hjbck hjbck fcomts dk tmi hfcikt swcthm pjkif @. Pmi :st pusm da tmi hjbck fcomts biadri tmi bjttiry swcthm cs cs sifihti` dk 8. Jlbir ILIR FCOMPX FCOMPX KDP KDP JRLI@ JRLI@ lissjoi cs tmi risuft da7 Mdw hjk tmi pcfdt ìtirlcki ca tmi Bijhdk fcomt cs jhtcvjti`4 1. Pmi PHJX PHJX swcthmfcomt swcthmfcomt hjk bi jrli` dk tmi orduk` wctm FK@O fcomts DK7 J. Prui‐ca tmi Prjkspdkìr cs sifihti` td DK jk` JFP B. Ajfsi‐dkfy dki ldì hjk bi sifihti` jt j tcli H. Prui‐fjk`cko fcomt wcff jutdljtchj jutdljtchjffy ffy swcthm td PHJX jt 9>> aiit @. Ajfsi‐Xqujt swcthm fdoch privikts orduk` pufsi fcomts fcomts J. Pmi ILIR FCOMPX swcthm ck tmi JRLI@ pdsctcdk jk` tmi iliroikhy fcomts ajcf td cffulckjti B. Pmi ILIR FCOMPX swcthm ck tmi DK pdsctcdk jk` 2 Os da fjtirjf adrhi dk tmi jcrpfjki H. Pmi ILIR FCOMPX FCOMPX swcthm swcthm ck tmi DAA pdsctcdk @. Pmi jcrhrjat ixpircikhis 2 Os da fjtirjf adrhi kdt hdli dk but tmi iliroikhy fcomts `d 0. Pmi CKP LJXPIR swcthmfcomt ck tmi DAA pdsctcdk wcff7 wcff7 J. Rildvi jff ifihtrchjf pdwir td tmi fcomts ck tmi hjbck ixhipt iliroikhy fcomts B. Rildvi jff ifihtrchjf pdwir pdwir td tmi fcomts ck tmi iktcri jcrhrjat H. Purks dk jff fcomtcko fcomtcko ck tmi hjbck da tmi jcrhrjat @. Rildvis jff ifihtrchjf pdwir pdwir td fcomts ck tmi hdhepct 8-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 0 LJXPIR _JRKCKO XSXPIL HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. 0-: OIKIRJF ............................................................................................................................ 0-: @IXHRC^PCDK...................................................................................................................... @IXHRC^PCDK ...................................................................................................................... 0-2 LJXPIR _JRKCKO _JRKCKO RIXIP X_CPHMFCOMPX ............................ ........................................................ .................................... ........ 0-2 LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP X_CPHMFCOMPX........................ .................................................... ......................................... ............. 0-2 HRI_ JFIRP XSXPIL ...................................................................................................... 0-2 JY@CD _JRKCKO XSXPIL .............................................................................................. 0-8 XSXPIL PIXP ..................................................................................................................... 0-8 DÎRJPCDK ......................................................................................................................... 0-8 FCLCPJPCDKX ....................................................................................................................... 0-0 ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................... 0-0 ZYIXPCDKX ......................................................................................................................... 0-? CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi 0-:. HH^ .............................................................................................................................. 0-0 0-2. @H^ @H^.............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 0-0 PJBFIX Pjbfi Pctfi ^joi 0-:. JYRJF JFIRPX ........................................................................................................ 0-9 HDK@CPCDKX................................................................................................... 0-1 0-2. PIXP HDK@CPCDKX................................................................................................... ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 0-c R I P X J L 0 L I P X S X O K C K R J _ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE _ J R K C O K X S X P I L 0 L J X P I R 0-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 0 LJXPIR _JRKCKO XSXPIL CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmi ljstir wjrkcko systil dk tmi HG0 jcrhrjat prdvcìs kdtc﬊hjtcdk da jcrhrjat iqucplikt ljfaukhtcdks dr hdk`ctcdks. Ct prdvcìs wjrkcko ck`chjtcdks da jk uksjai dpirjtcko hdk`ctcdk riqucrcko clli`cjti jttiktcdk, hjutcdk ck`chjtcdks tmjt riqucri jttiktcdk but kdt kihissjrcfy clli`cjti jhtcdk, jk` j`vcsdry ck`chjtcdks tmjt sdli spihc﬊h systils jri, dr jri kdt, ck dpirjtcdk. OIKIRJF Pmi ljstir wjrkcko systil ckhfuìs j pjcr da LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jk` hriw jfirtcko systil (HJX) lissjois, wmchm prdvcì vcsujf ck`chjtcdks td tmi flcomt hriw da hirtjck hdk`ctcdks jk`/ dr aukhtcdks da sifihti` systils. HJX lissjois jri `cspfjyi` by tmi Hdffcks ^rd Fcki 2: HJX systil, kdrljffy dk tmi rcomt luftcaukhtcdk `cspfjy (LA@ 2) wmik tmi JQCDKCHX swcthm cs ck tmi DK pdsctcdk. @urcko ikocki stjrts wmik tmi JQCDKCHX swcthm cs ck tmi DAA dr @CX^JPHM pdsctcdk, HJX lissjois jppijr dk tmi HJX sihtcdk da LA@ : (fiat). Pmi ri` HJX lissjois jri jhhdlpjkci jhhdlpjkci` ` by jurjf jfirts tmjt jkkdukhi tmi tixt da tmi lissjoi. Pmi jlbir HJX lissjois jri jhhdlpjkci` by jk jttiktcdk hmcli td jfirt tmi hriw. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 0-: R I P X J L 0 L I P X S X O K C K R J _ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF @IXHRC^PCDK HRI_ JFIRP XSXPIL Pmi HG0 ljstir wjrkcko systil usis hdhepct ck`chjtcdks (vcsujf jk` jurjf) td j`vcsi tmi hriw da clpdrtjkt wjrkckos, hjutcdks, jk` j`vcsdry ckadrljtcdk jbdut tmi jcrhrjat jk` cts systils. Pmi ljstir wjrkcko systil mjs tmi adffdwcko ck`chjtcdks7 Pmi ICHJX sihtcdk da LA@ 2 kdrljffy `cspfjys tmi vjrcdus HJX lissjois. Pmi lissjois hjk jfsd `cspfjy dk dtmir `cspfjys wmik hdlljkì`. Pmi lissjois jri hfjssc﬊i` js wjrkcko (ri`), hjutcdk (jlbir), j`vcsdr y (hyjk). _JRKCKO Pmiy dpirjtiRIXIP ck hdkgukhtcdk jk` wctmj`vcsdry tmi LJXPIR _ JRKCKO jk` LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts. KDPI • LJXPIR _JRKCKO _JRKCKO RIXIP RIXI P swcthmfcomts • LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts • HJX lissjois • Jurjf Jfirts LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP X_CPHMFCOMPX J ri` LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomt cs dk ijhm ik` da tmi uppir ckstrulikt pjkif. _mik ri` HJX lissjois `cspfjy, bdtm LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti jk` fljsm scluftjkidusfy uktcf risit by pusmcko ictmir swcthmfcomt. LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP X_CPHMFCOMPX _ J R K C O K X S X P I L 0 L J X P I R J LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomt cs dk ijhm ik` da tmi uppir ckstrulikt pjkif j`gjhikt td tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomt. Pmisi swcthmfcomts cffulckjti stij`y wmik jlbir HJX lissjois cffulckjti fljsmcko. Pmi systil cs ìscoki` td privikt kucsjkhi cffulckjtcdks da tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts. Pmi systil cs ìscoki` td privikt kucsjkhi cffulckjtcdks da jlbir HJX lissjois jk` LJXPIR HJYPCDK cffulckjtcdks by usi da ìbdukhi (tcli ìfjy) dr ckmcbcts adr lissjoi jhtcvjtcdk. Risit tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts by pusmcko ictmir dki. Pmcs ixtckoucsmis bdtm swcthmfcomts jk` hjusis tmi jlbir HJX lissjoi td `cspfjy stij`y uktcf tmi ljfaukhtcdk cs hfijri`. 0-2 Ku lird Kuli rdus us HJ HJX X li liss ssjo jois is jk jk` ` tm tmii LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP jk` LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jri ckmcbcti` ardl cffulckjtcko ùrcko vjrcdus pmjsis da orduk` jk` flcomt dpirjtcdk. Pmcs privikts kucsjkhi cffulckjtcdks da tmi swcthmfcomts. Ri` (_jrkcko) HJX lissjois Ri` ck`chjtis j wjrkcko (mjzjr`dus sctujtcdk) tmjt riqucris clli`cjti pcfdt hdrrihtcvi jhtcdk. _mik j ri` HJX lissjoi cs `cspfjyi`, `cspfjyi`, tmi lissjoi jk` tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts fljsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi` jhekdwfiòi` dr tmi hdk`ctcdk cs hdrrihti`. ûsmcko ictmir LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomt jhekdwfiòis tmi lissjoi jk` hjkhifs tmi jurjf jfirt.. Jff ri` HJX lissjois jri ordupi` tdoitmir jt tmi tdp da tmi HJX wck`dw. wck`dw. Jky kiw ri` HJX lissjoi lissjo i `cspfjys `cspfj ys jt tmi tdp da tmi ri` r i` HJX ordup. Riair td tmi ICHJX jppik`cx adr j hdlpfiti fcst da tmi ri` HJX lissjois jk` hjusis. Jhhdlpfcsm pcfdt lildry ctils (ca kiiì`) jk` hdksuft tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` jpprdvi` hmihefcst adr jky pdsscbfi hdrrihtcvi jhtcdk riqucri` dr j`vcsdry ckadrljtcdk wmchm ljy riqucri systils ldkctdrcko. Jlbir (Hjutcdk) (Hjutcdk) HJX Lissjois Lissjois Jlbir ck`chjtis j hjutcdk (jbkdrljf dr spihcjf sctujtcdk) tmjt riqucris clli`cjti jttiktcdk, but kdt kihissjrcfy clli`cjti jhtcdk. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF _mik jk jlbir HJX lissjoi cs `cspfjyi`, tmi lissjoi fljsmis, tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti stij`y, jk` j hmcli cs mijr`. ûsmcko ictmir LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomt jhekdwfiòis tmi lissjoi. Pmcs ixtckoucsmis tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jk` hmjkois tmi HJX lissjoi td stij`y uktcf tmi hdk`ctcdk cs hdrrihti`. Ca tmi hdk`ctcdk cs hfijri` prcdr td pusmcko tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts, bdtm swcthmfcomts ixtckoucsm jk` tmi lissjoi `csjppijrs wctmdut aurtmir jhtcdk by tmi pcfdt. pcfdt. Jff jlbir HJX lissjois jri ordupi` tdoitmir bifdw jky bifdw jky ri` lissjois dk tmi HJX wck`d wck`dw w. Jky kiw jlbir lissjois `cspfjy jt tmi tdp da tmi jlbir ordup. Riair td tmi HJX jppik`cx adr j hdlpfiti fcst da tmi jlbir HJX lissjois jk` hjusis. Hdksuft tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst adr jky pdsscbfi hdrrihtcvi jhtcdk riqucri` dr j`vcsdry ckadrljtcdk wmchm ljy riqucri systils ldkctdrcko. Hyjk (J`vcsdry) HJX Lissjois Hyjk lissjois jri kdrljffy j`vcsdry jk` prdvc prdvcì ì ckadrljtcdk wmchm ljy kdt riqucri jky pcfdt jhtcdk. Riair td tmi HJX jppik`cx adr j hdlpfiti fcst da tmi hyjk HJX lissjois jk` hjusis. Ckmcbcts ¾ Pmi jcrhrjat trjksctcdks ardl dk orduk` td ck jcr. ¾ Ictmir tmi fiat dr rcomt jcrspii` trjksctcdks ardl fiss tmjk => ekdts. ¾ K: orijtir tmjk ?>% • PD^C/FD^C - bihdlis ckjhtcvi c kjhtcvi wmik jky da tmi adffdwcko cs trui7 ¾ Pmi jcrhrjat mjs biik ck tmi jcr adr ldri tmjk 8> sihdk`s. ¾ Rj`cd jftctuì cs ldri tmjk 0>> aiit jbdvi tmi ﬊if` ifivjtcdk. ¾ Ictmir tmi fiat dr rcomt jcrspii` cs fiss tmjk => ekdts. JY@CD JFIRPCKO JFIRPCKO XSXPIL Qjrcdus ju`cd jfirts, tdkis, jk` hmclis jri ckhdrpdrjti` cktd tmi jcrhrjat td kdtcay tmi pcfdt da spihc﬊h hdk`ctcdks dr ljfaukhtcdk ljfaukhtcdks. s. Pmi ri` HJX lissjois jri jhhdlpjkci jhhdlpjkci` ` by jurjf jfirts jk`/dr tdkis. Pmi jurjf jfirts jkkdukhi tmi tixt da tmi HJX lissjoi `cspfjyi`. Ca twd dr ldri jfirts jri trcooiri` jt tmi sjli tcli, tmi dki wctm tmi mcomist prcdrcty sduk`s uktcf7 • Jhekdwfiòi` vcj tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomt • Jurjf jfirt jfirt wctm j mcomir mcomir prcdrcty bihdlis jhtcvi • Jssdhcjti` hdk`ctcdk tmjt hjusi` hjusi` tmi jurjf jurjf Ckmcbcts jri tmi @HY ristrchtcko wmchm HJX lissjois jppijr ukìr hirtjck hdk`ctcdks. Riair td Jppik`cx B adr spihc﬊h HJX lissjoi ckmcbcts. jfirt cs risdfvi` Pjbfi 0-: smdws ijhm jfirt, prcdrcty, jk` ùrjtcdk. • ILIR - Jkytcli tmi bjttiry swcthm cs ck tmi ILIR pdsctcdk. Pmi jlbir HJX lissjois jri jhhdlpjkci` by j hmcli sduk` jk` hyjk lissjois mjvi kd ju`cd jfirt jssdhcjti` wctm tmil. • IKO AJCF AJCF - _mik jk ikocki ajcf cs pdsti`. • IKO XMYP@D_K - _mik dki da tmi ikockis mjs biik smut`dwk • IKO XPJRP XPJRP - @urcko jk ikocki stjrt • PD^C/FD^C - bihdlis jhtcvi wmik jky jky da tmi adffdwcko cs trui7 Pmi tirrjck jwjrikiss jk` wjrkcko systil (PJ_X) jk` trj﬈h jfirt jk` hdffcscdk jvdc`jkhi systil (PHJX) jurjfs jri jr i oikirjti` by tmi rispihtcvi systil ukcts. _mik tmi PJ_X dr PHJX jurjf jfirts bihdli jhtcv jhtcvii wmcfi wmcfi j fissir fissir prcdrct prcdrcty y cs cs pfjy pfjycko, cko, tmi jurjf wjrkcko systil clli`cjtify stdps jkkdukhcko tmi fdwir fdwir prcdrcty jfirt jfir t jk` clli`cjtify biocks jkkdukhcko tmi PHJX dr PJ PJ_X jurjf. jurj f. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 0-8 R I P X J L 0 L I P X S X O K C K R J _ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pd piradrl tmi tist dk j Â@ (sii Acouri 0-2)7 XSXPIL PIXP Pmi systil tist hjk bi jhhdlpfcsmi` j hhdlpfcsmi` sivirjf wjys. Jhhiss td tmi tist ljy bi tmrduom ictmir da tmi hursdr hdktrdf pjkifs (HH^) adr `cspfjy dk tmi sjli scì LA@ dr tmrduom ictmir da tmi `cspfjy hdktrdf pjkifs (@H^) adr `cspfjy dk tmi sjli scì Â@ Â@.. Pmi tist liku wcff jppijr dk tmi fiat scì da tmi hmdsik `cspfjy. `cspfjy. Hdlpfiti tists jri riqucri` prcdr td flcomt. Xckofi ctil tist ljy bi usi` ck flcomt td risdfvi jk cssui. Pjbfi 0-: smdws smdws tmi tist ctil, jurjf jfirt, HJX lissjoi (ca jky) jk` kdtis. DÎRJPCDK Pd piradrl tmi tist dk jk LA@ (sii Acouri 0-:)7 Acouri 0-2. @H^ :. ^riss tmi HH^ LIKY buttdk dk tmi @H^ ‘ tmi HH^ liku `cspfjys dk tmi fiat scì da tmi Â@. 2.Purk tmi LIKY J@Q ekdb rcomt td shrdff tmi bfui bdx bdx `dwk `dwk td XSX PIXP PIXP.. 8.Riljckcko stips js smdwk jbdvi. Js ijhm systil cs tisti`, j hmihe ljre cs j`ì` td tmi bdx dk tmi fiat td smdw tmjt tmi systil tist cs hdlpfiti`. Riair td Pjbfi 0-2 adr ckadrljtcdk dk ijhm systil jk` wmjt cs tisti`. Acouri 0-:. HH^ FCLCPJPCDKX :. ^riss tmi F_R LIKY buttdk dk tmi HH^ ‘ tmi HH^ liku `cspfjys dk tmi fiat scì da tmi LA@. _ J R K C O K X S X P I L 2.Purk tmi LIKY J@Q ekdb rcomt td shrdff tmi bfui bdx bdx `dwk `dwk td XSX PIXP PIXP.. 0 L J X P I R 8.ûsm tmi @JPJ ekdb td sifiht tmi tist liku ‘ bfui bdx bdx surrduk`s tmi ﬊rst ctil. ctil. 0.ûsm tmi @JPJ ekdb td ckctcjti tmi tist ‘ hmihe ljre jppijrs ck bdx. Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks, riair td tmi AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk Iliroikhy/Jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi tmi AJJ-jpprd AJJ-jpprdvi` vi` JAL. 9._mik tmjt tist cs `dki, usi tmi LIKY J@Q jk` @JPJ ekdbs td tist ijhm ctil. 1._mik hdlpfiti, usi tmi LIKY J@Q jk` @JPJ ekdbs td sifiht DAA. 0-0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi 0-:. JYRJF JFIRPX JFIRP ^RCDRCPS PJ_X LCKCLYL PHJX : 2 HJBCK JFPCPY@I JFIRP PSÎ QDCHI KDKI @YRJPCDK Js riqucri` riqucri` 8 ] ] ] FJK@CKO OIJR 0 ] Ripitctcvi, kdkhjkhifjbfi-Oijr mdrk ckput hdk`ctcdks lust bi sjtcs󿬊i` td hijsi jurjf. JYPD-^CFDP @CXHDKKIHP 9 ] Ripitctcvi, uktcf jhekdwfiòi` twchi by wjy da J^ `cshdkkiht swcthm ckput (kdt HJX jssdhcjti`). JFPCPY@I JF PCPY@I JFIRP JFIRP 1 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, kdt HJX jssdhcjti`, kd jhekdwfiòilikt riqucri`. KD PJEIDAA ? ] Ripitctcvi, uktcf HJX fdoch hdk`ctcdks jri sjtcs 󿬊i`, jhekdwfiòlikt hijsis HJX 󿬂jsmcko (ri` HJX dkfy). IKOCKI AJCFI@ F = ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. IKOCKI AJCFI@ R 3 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. IKOCKI ACRI F :> ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. IKOCKI ACRI R :: ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. BJPPIRS AJYFP :2 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi` (ri` HJX dkfy). BJPPIRS AJCF :8 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi` (kdt riqucri` adr Q:.>). DCF ^RIXXYRI F :0 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. HJX 󿬂jsmcko. DCF ^RIXXYRI R :9 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. @H OIK DAA F :1 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi` (ri` HJX dkfy). @H OIK DAA R :? ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi` (ri` HJX dkfy). ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois JH JFPIRKJ JFPIRKJPDR PDR Js riqucri` riqucri` Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, (ri` HJX dkfy). jhekdwfiòlikt riqucri` 󿬂jsm JH JFPIRKJ JFPIRKJPDR PDR := :3 ] uktcf jhekdwfiòi` (ri` HJX dkfy). Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi` (ri` HJX dkfy). JH-@H 2> ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. A_@ BJOOJOI 2: ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. JAP BJOOJOI 22 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, LJXPIR _JRKCKO jk` HJX lissjois 󿬂jsm uktcf jhekdwfiòi`. DQIRXÎI@ : ] Ripitctcvi, kdkhjkhifjbfi--Jcrspii` riùhtcdk riqucri` td hijsi jurjf. LJXPIR HJYPCDK 2 ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt, jhekdwfiòlikt riqucri` td hjkhif LJXPIR Hjutcdk jk` hjusi 󿬂jsmcko HJX lissjoi td od stij`y. XIFHJF 0 9 ] ] Xckofi jkkdukhilikt ^MDKI HJFF Ripitctcvi, jhekdwfiòi` wmik mjk`sit pchei` ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 0-9 R I P X J L 0 L I P X S X O K C K R J _ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi 0-2. PIXP HDK@CPCDKX PIXP HDKPRDF JYRJF HJX KDPI DAA Kdki Kdki Kd tist ldìs jri jhtcvi ACRI _JRK ‖Fiat ikocki 󿬊ri“ ‖Rcomt ikocki 󿬊ri“ Ri` IKOCKI ACRI F-R Ri` BJOOJOI XLDEI A_@-JAP Ri` IKOCKI ACRI F jk` R buttdks cffulckjti. Jurjf jfirts ljy kdt ajff ck tmi fcsti` drìr, but jff smduf` bi mijr`. ‖Adrwjr` bjoojoi sldei“ ‖Jat bjoojoi sldei“ _ J R K C O K X S X P I L F@O OIJR ‖Fjk`cko Oijr“ Jlbir OIJR @D_K LDKCPDR AJCF BFII@ FIJE Hmcli Jlbir ^SFDK BFII@ FIJE F-R Jlbir _CKO BFII@ FIJE FIJE F-R PJCF @I-CHI Hmcli Jlbir PJCF @I-CHI Ajcf F-R JDJ Kdki Kdki RY@@IR BCJX Hmcli Jlbir RY@@IR BCJX AJCF _/X PIL^ Hmcli Jlbir _CK@XMCIF@ MIJP AJCF F-R Jlbir _CK@XMCIF@ _CK@XMCIF@ DQIRPIL^ DQIRPIL^ F-R DQIRXÎI@ Dvirspii` tdki biips jpprdxcljtify 9 tclis Kdki JKPC-XEC@ Hmcli Jlbir JKPCXEC@ JKPCXEC@ AJCF AJCF JKKYKHCJPDR JKKYKHCJ PDR ‖Pist“ ‖P ist“ Kdki 0 L J X P I R Bdtm ri` jk` oriik oijr stjtus fjlps cffulckjti adr jff tmrii oijr pdsctcdks. JDJ ckìxir ckìxir (ca ckstjffi`) ckstjffi`) cffulckjtis ardl 󿬂y up td 󿬂y `dwk, smjeir jhtcvjtis, JDJ ck`chjtdrs dk Â@s smcat ardl fdw td mcom, jk` jk jlbir JDJ 󿬂jo 󿬂jsmis jpprdxcljtify tmrii tclis dk tmi Â@ ojuoi 󿬊if`s. Cktirrupts pdwir td tmi hdktrdf vjfvis hjuscko tmi vjfvis td ldvi td tmi bypjss pdsctcdk. Dvirtilpirjturi lissjoi hfijrs. Kdki Lissjoi pdsts jk` riljcks dk adr scx sihdk`s js tmi jktc-sec` systil hdlpfitis j sifa tist. Ypdk hdlpfitcdk da tmi sifa tist tmi lissjoi hfijrs. Ca tmi systil `dis kdt hmihe dpirjtcdkjf, tmi lissjoi wcff riljck pdsti` wmcfi tmi tist cs jhtcvi. _mcti BDPPFI JRLI@ buttdk fcomts, ri` IFIQ PRCL KD PJEIDAA jk` jlbir AYIF FD_ F-R jkkukhcjtdrs, jk` fcomti` buttdks cffulckjti. Rj`cd jftclitir ck`chjtcdk wcff bi ‖9>“ aiit wctm jk jlbir RJ PIXP dk bdtm Â@s. HJB JFP 󿬊if` dk LA@ turks ri`. HJBCK ^RIXX ‖Hjbck jftctuì“ Ri` HJBCK JFPCPY@I Jlbir XY^^FILIKP XY^^FILIKPJF JF ^RIXX IFIQ PRCL Kdki Kdki, Ckctcjffy _mik IFIQ PRCL cs sifihti`, ldvi ictmir prcljry ifivjtdr trcl swcthm (bdtm scìs) kdsi up dr kdsi `dwk brci󿬂y. Pmi jlbir ^RCLJRS IFIQJPDR PRCL AJCF smduf` pdst jk` tmi prcljry trcl smduf` kdt ldvi ca hdlljkì`. Pmi lissjoi smduf` ixtckoucsm wmik tmi systils tist hursdr cs ldvi` td jkdtmir tist hdktrdf. PJ_X Ikmjkhi` PJ_X hjffduts, wck`smiir, jff bjsch O^_X Jlbir PJ_X PJ_X PIRRJCK PIRRJCK AJCF AJCF Jlbir PJ_X PJ_X O^_X O^_X AJCF AJCF Jlbir PJ_X PJ_X _CK@XMIJR _CK@XMIJR AJCF AJCF Jlbir PJ_X PJ_X PIRRJCK PIRRJCK KDP JQJCFJB JQJCFJBFI FI Jlbir PJ_X PJ_X XSXPIL AJCF Pmcs pdsctcdk tists jff tmi PJ_X hjffduts js hdk󿬊ouri` adr tmi jcrhrjat. _ck`smiir ctils jppfy ldìs, jk` sljrt 9>> hjffduts 0-1 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS td Ljre Q dkfy. HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX :._miri jri HJX lissjois `cspfjyi` ùrcko tmi :st 1. ikocki stjrt (jvcdkchs swcthm ck @CX^JPHM)4 2. J. Â@ : J. Jfirt wmjt HJX lissjoi jppijrs jppijrs jt tmi tcli B. H. Â@ LA@2: @. LA@ 2 B. mcomist lissjoi lissjoi H. Jfirt Jfirt tmi iiviry viry HJX prcdrcty lissjoiHJX ck siquikhi siqu ikhi @. Jfirt jff HJX lissjois _miri jri HJX lissjois `cspfjyi` ùrcko kdrljf flcomt dpirjtcdks4 J. B. H. @. 8. Jurjf jfirts wcff jfwj jfwjys7 ys7 Â@ : Â@ 2 LA@ : LA@ 2 Ca j kiw ri` HJX lissjoi lissjoi jppijrs J. Ct cs `cspfjyi` `cspfjyi` jt tmi tdp da tmi ri` ordup ?. Xystil tist cs jhhdlpfcsmi jhhdlpfcsmi` ` by7 J. F_R liku dk Â@ :, hdktrdffi` by tmi @H^ B. Y^R liku dk Â@ :, :, hdktrdffi` by tmi @H^ H. F_R liku dk LA@ : hdktrdffi` by tmi HH^ @. Y^R liku dk LA@ :, hdktrdffi` by tmi HH^ da HJX lissjois B. Pmi lissjoi jk` tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO swcthm fcomt wcff fljsm uktcf ìprissi` H. Pmi vdchi jkkukhcjtcdk wcff ripijt tmi lissjoi uktcf tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO buttdk cs pusmi` pusmi` @. Jff da tmi jbdvi 0. Jlbir HJX lissjois7 J. Jri ordupi` bifd bifdw w ri` HJX HJX lissjois lissjois B. _cff hjusi jk jurjf lissjoi stjtcko tmi HJX lissjoi H. _cff hjusi tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK HJYPCDK swcthm fcomt td stij`cfy cffulckjti @. Bdtm J jk` H 9. R I P X J L 0 Hyjk HJX lissjois7 J. B. H. @. Riqucri clli`cjti hmihefcst prdhiùris Riqucri j lildry lildry ctil ctil jhtcdk Jri kdrljf kdrljf hdkscìri` hdkscìri` j`vcsdry dkfy Mjvi kd iliroikhy prdhiùri prdhiùriss ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 0-? L I P X S X O K C K R J _ HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE _ J R K C O K X S X P I L 0 L J X P I R 0-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 9 AYIF XSXPIL HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. 9-: OIKIRJF ............................................................................................................................ 9-: _CKO AYIF PJKE .............................................................................................................. 9-2 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 9-2 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 9-2 AYIF @CXPRCBYPCDK ......................................................................................................... 9-8 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 9-8 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 9-8 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 9-9 Dpirjtcdks ...................................................................................................................... 9-9 XCKOFI ^DCKP RIAYIF/@IAYIF XSXPIL ................................................................... 9-1 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 9-1 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 9-1 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 9-1 Dpirjtcdks ...................................................................................................................... 9-1 AYIF ZYJKPCPS ZYJKPCPS OJYOCKO XSXPIL .......................... ...................................................... .................................................. ...................... 9-3 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 9-3 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 9-3 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 9-3 Dpirjtcdks .................................................................................................................... 9-:: AYIF QIKP XSXPIL ....................................................................................................... 9-:: @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... 9-:: Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................. 9-:: FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................. ...... 9-:: ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................. 9-:: ZYIXPCDKX ....................................................................................................................... 9-:8 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9-c L I P X S X F I Y A 9 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 9 A Y I F X S X P I L 9-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi 9-:. Rcomt _cko _cko Pjke Pjke ......................... ...................................................... ......................................................... .................................................. ...................... 9-2 9-2. Auif Acffir Hjp - Dpik ............................................................................................... 9-2 9-8. Auif @rjck Qjfvis ...................................................................................................... 9-8 9-0. Igihtdr ûlp ............................................................................................................. 9-0 9-9. AYIF BDDXP Xwcthmfcomts jk` AYIF PRJKXAIR Ekdb ........................ ..................................... ............. 9-0 9-1. X^R Jhhiss ^jkif ...................................................................................................... 9-9 9-?. Kdrljf Dpirjtcdk ............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ .............................................. .................. 9-? 9-=. Auif Prjksair Dpirjtcdks ........................................................................................... 9-= 9-3. Auif Xystil @cspfjy .................................................................................................. 9-3 9-:>. Xckofi-^dckt Riauifcko ............................................................................................ 9-:> 9-::. Auif Qikt Qikt ............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ........................................................ .............................. .. 9-:: PJBFIX Pjbfi 9-:. Pctfi ^joi HJX Lissjois ......................... ..................................................... ......................................................... ................................................. .................... 9-:2 L I P X S X F I Y A 9 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9-ccc HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 9 A Y I F X S X P I L 9-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 9 AYIF XSXPIL CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs hmjptir prisikts ckadrljtcdk dk tmi auif systil da tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Pmi auif systil cs hdlprcsi` da vjrcdus subsystils tmjt ckhfuì7 wcko auif tjkes, auif `cstrcbutcdk systil, sckofi pdckt riauif/ìauif riauif/ìauif (X^R) systil, auif qujktcty ojuocko ojuocko systil, jk` tmi auif vikt systil. Hriw jfirt systil (HJX) lissjois jfirt tmi pcfdt td auif systil jbkdrljf sctujtcdks. OIKIRJF Pmi HG0 jcrhrjat utcfczis twd cktiorjf wit wcko tjkes. Pmi tjkes jri ﬊ffi` sipjrjtify vcj dvirwcko ﬊ffir pdrts dr tmrduom tmi X^R systil. Pmi auif `cstrcbutcdk systil suppfcis auif td ijhm ikocki ardl cts rispihtcvi tjke dr trjksairs auif td tmi dppdscti tjke. Pmi X^R systil utcfczis j sckofi j`jptir td prissuri riauif jk` ìauif tmi fiat jk` rcomt wcko auif tjkes. Pmi qujktcty ojuocko systil utcfczis jk JH pjsscvi hjpjhctjkhi systil. Pmi systil hjfhufjtis auif qujktcty jk` sik`s tmcs `jtj td bi `cspfjyi` dk tmi luftcaukhtcdk `cspfjys (LA@s). Pmi auif vikt systils prdvcì viktcfjtcdk td tmi auif tjkes ùrcko flcomt ljkiuvirs, auif ixpjkscdk, riauifcko jk` ìauifcko. L I P X S X F I Y A 9 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9-: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF _CKO AYIF PJKE @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi fiat jk` rcomt wckos hdktjck cktiorjf wit wcko auif tjkesIjhm tmjt jri sipjrjti` jk` syllitrchjf (Acouri 9-:). tjke mjs j usjbfi auif hjpjhcty da jpprdxcljtify 089 ojffdks (2,3>9 pduk`s) adr j tdtjf hjpjhcty da =1? ojffdks (9,=2= pduk`s). Pmi stjk`jr` auif adr tmi HG0 jcrhrjat cs Git J dr J-:. Pmi adffdwcko auifs jri jfsd jpprdvi` adr tmi HG07 Orj` Or jìi (P (Pyp ypi) i) Xpih Xp ihc﬊ c﬊hj hjtc tcdk dk Lck Auif Pilpirjturi Ljx Auif Pilpirjturi Git J Git J: JXPL-@:199 -0> 󰁤H -0> 󰁤H +9?.2 󰁤H +9?.2 󰁤H G^-9 LCF-^RA-9120 -0> 󰁤H +9?.2 󰁤H G^-1 LCF-P-=8:88 -0> 󰁤H +9?.2 󰁤H Auif jktc-chi j``ctcvis ljy bi usi` but jri kdt riqucri`. Ijhm tjke hjk bi ﬊ffi` sipjrjtify tmrduom ﬊ffir hjps dk tmi uppir wcko seck dr tmrduom tmi X^R systil. Ljxclul auif hjpjhctcis jhmcivi` tmrduom bdtm litmd`s da riauifcko cs pfjhjrì` jt tmi rispihtcvi auifcko pdrts. Auif ck tmi wit wckos ldvis by orjvcty td tmi cktiorjf ikocki aii` mdppir.. Pmi vik pir viktt suro suroii tjke hdff hdffihts ihts auif tmjt ljy trj trjvif vif dutbdjr` tmrduom tmi hfclb vikt fcki. @rjck vjfvis jri prdvcì` ck tmi fdw jrijs da ijhm tjke wmiri wjtir hduf` hdffiht. Acouri 9-2. Auif Acffir Hjp - Dpik HDL^DKIKPX Dvirwcko Acffir ^drt Ijhm wcko mjs dki ﬊ffir pdrt wctm fdhecko hjp dk tmi uppir surajhi kijr tmi dutbdjr` ik` (Acouri 9-2). Pmi ﬊ffir pdrt pdrt cs pfjhjrì` wctm wctm ljxclul ljxclul hjpjhcty.. Iksuri tmi jcrhrjat cs prdpirfy hjpjhcty prdpirfy ordukì` (orduk` pdckt kijr wcko wcko tcp dk ukìrscì). ukìrscì). @d kdt ﬊ff mcomir tmjk tmi AYFF ck`chjtdr. Iksuri hjps jri sihurify ajstiki` wmik ﬊kcsmi`. Pmiri cs kd ck`chjtcdk tmjt tmcs hjp cs sihuri dtmir tmjk vcsujf ckspihtcdk. Ikocki Aii` Mdppir Jk cktiorjf ikocki aii` mdppir jt tmi rddt da ijhm wcko cs jat da tmi ljck spjr. Pmi mdppir cs sijfi`, ixhipt adr ikocki dki jcr aii` vikt mdppir jt tmi tdp, ck drìr td ljcktjck j auff ukìr fdw auif hdk`ctcdks. Pmi vikt jffdws tmi mdppir td ﬊ff ùrcko riauifcko jk` systil dpirjtcdk. 9 A Y I F X S X P I Acouri 9-:. Rcomt _cko Pjke Afjppir vjfvis ckscì jk` dutscì tmi mdppir mdpp ir jffdw auif td orjvcty fldw cktd tmi aii` mdppir. Pmi fljppir vjf vjfvis vis cksc` ckscìi tmi tmi mdppi mdppirr eiip eiip auif ck tmi mdpp mdppir ir ùrcko kiojtcvi-O hdk`ctcdks. Pmi fljppir vjfvis dutscì tmi mdppir lckclczi dutbdjr` auif ldvilikt ùrcko bjkei` ljkiuvirs. Pmi aii` mdppir hdktjcks tmi adffdwcko hdlpdkikts7 • ^rcljry igihtdr pulp L • Ifihtrch bddst pulp 9-2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS Rivcscdk >.>: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF • Hdlpiksjtdr prdbi Pmi `rjcks jri usi` td `rjck auif dr wjtir ardl tmi wcko tjke hjvctcis jk` ikocki aii` mdppir. Pmiy jfsd prdvcì auif sjlpfis adr tistcko. • @rjck vjfvi Auif cs hdkstjktfy trjksairri` td tmi ikocki aii` mdppir by twd shjvikoi igihtdr pulps. @ui td tmi tjke jrrjkoilikt jr rjkoilikt kdt jff ukusjbfi auif cs `rjckjbfi. Xdli auif hjkkdt bi `rjcki` ardl tmi fdwist pdckts jk` vjrcdus sljff pdheits ck tmi wcko. Qikt Q ikt Xuroi Pjke Pjke Pmi vikt suroi tjke, ck tmi ldst dutbdjr` wit bjy da tmi wcko auif tjke, cs pmyschjffy csdfjti` ardl, but cktiorjf td tmi ljck tjke. Pmi tjke hdffihts auif tmjt trjvifs dutbdjr` tmrduom tmi hfclb vikt fcki tmrduom ldvilikt dr ixpjkscdk.. Js auif cs rildvi` ardl tmi ljck tjke, tmi suroi tjke `rjcks auif bjhe cktd tmi ljck tjke tmrduom tmi hfclb vikt fcki jk` fljppir vjfvis. Pmi suroi tjke cs vikti` td tmi jtldspmiri tmrduom j flusm-ldukti` KJHJ vikt dk tmi ukìrscì da tmi wcko, gust ckbdjr` da tmi suroi tjke. AYIF @CXPRCBYPCDK @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi auif `cstrcbutcdk systil suppfcis auif td ijhm ikocki ardl cts rispihtcvi tjke dr trjksairs auif td tmi dppdscti tjke. Pmi ikockis jri suppfci` wctm auif by tmi prcljry igihtdr pulp jk` sihdk`jrcfy by tmi ifihtrch bddst pulp. Hmihe vjfv vjfvis is jri jri ckhdrpdrjti` ckhdrpdrjti` ck tmi tmi suppfy fcki td privikt bjhefldw. @rjck Qjfvis Ijhm wcko mjs ﬊vi `rjck vjfvis jt fdw pdckts wmiri wjtir hduf` hdffiht. Pmi `rjcks jri fdhjti` ck tmi adffdwcko jrijs (Acouri 9-8)7 • Dutbdjr` da tmi fjk`cko oijr wiff bimck` tmi ljck spjr • Ck tmi ikocki aii` mdppir • Bitwiik tmi aii` mdppir jk` tmi ljck spjr Pmi prcljry igihtdr pulp, ifihtrch bddst pulp, jk` shjvikoi igihtdr pulps mjvi wcri lism shriiks dk tmicr ckfits td privikt ukjhhiptjbfi hdktjlckjtcdk ardl rijhmcko tmi ikocki. HDL^DKIKPX Pmi auif `cstrcbutcdk systil utcfczis tmi adffdwcko hdlpdkikts ck jk` kijr tmi wcko rddt7 • Ckbdjr` bitwiik tmi adrwjr` jk` ljck spjrs • Dk tmi tmi ldst ldst ckbdjr` ckbdjr` jhhiss pjkif • _cko auif tjkes • ^rcljry igihtdr pulp • Ifihtrch bddst pulps • Xhjvikoi igihtdr pulps • Auif trjksai trjksairr vjfvi ^rcljry Igihtdr ûlp J prcljry igihtdr pulp cs fdhjti` ck ijhm ikocki aii` mdppir. Ct mjs kd ldvcko ldvcko pjrts jk` riqucris kd ifihtrchcty. Auif ukìr ldtcvi ldtcvi fldw fldw prissuri ‘ suppfci` by tmi ikocki-`rcvik auif pulp ‘ hrijtis j suhtcdk tmjt `rjws j mcom vdfuli da fdw-prissuri fdw-prissuri auif ardl tmi mdppir jk` sik`s ct td tmi ikockiAcouri 9-8. Auif @rjck Qjfvis `rcvik pulp (Acouri 9-0). ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS L I P X S X F I Y A 9 9-8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF MCOM QDFYLI AYIF IGIHPDR ^YL^ MCOM ^RIXXYRI AYIF LDPCQI AFD_ (ARDL IKOCKI @RCQIK AYIF ^YL^X) PD IKOCKI @RCQIK AYIF ^YL^X AYIF CK PJKE AYIF CKFIP Acouri 9-0. Igihtdr ûlp Pmi igihtdr pulp dkfy dpirjtis wmik tmi rispihtcvi ikocki cs rukkcko. Pmi ikocki-`rcvik pulp cs pjrt da tmi ikocki–s auif ìfcv ìfcviry iry ukct. ukct. Xii Hmjptir Hmjptir ?, ^dwirpfjkt adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. Ifihtrch Bddst ûlps Pmi fiat jk` rcomt auif bddst pulps jri fdhjti` ckscì tmicr rispihtcv rispihtcvii aii` mdppirs. mdppirs. Pmi pulps dpirjti uscko kdrljf dr hdkvirti` @H pdwir tmrduom jutdljtch dr ljkujf jhtcvjtcdk. jhtcvjtcdk. Pmi pulps jri usi` adr ikocki stjrt, auif trjksair jk` td prdvcì jìqujti prissuri td tmi ikocki ca j fdw auif prissuri sctujtcdk ixcsts. Ca tmi AYIF BDDXP - LJKYJF swcthmfcomts dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif jri kdt cffulckjti`, tmi pulps jri sit adr jutdljtch jhtcvjtcdk wmik kiiì` (Acouri 9-9). Pmi pulps hjk bi ljkujffy hdktrdffi` by pusmcko tmi rispihtcvi AYIF BDDXP swcthmfcomt. Xhjvikoi Igihtdr ûlps Pwd shjvikoi igihtdr pulps, ck c k ijhm wcko, jri jr i suppfci` wctm fd fdw-priss w-prissuri uri (ldtc (ldtcvi vi fldw fldw)) auif auif ardl tmi prcljry igihtdr dr ifihtrch ifihtrch bddst pulps. pulps. Pmi shjvikoi pulps hdkstjktfy trjksair auif ardl tmi wcko tjkes td tmi aii` mdppir td eiip ct auff. Pmcs eiips tmi prcljry igihtdr jk` ifihtrch bddst pulpss subli pulp subliroi` roi` uktcf tmi wcko tjke cs kijr ilpt ilpty y jk` tmi auif fivif cs `rjcki` ardl tmi aii` mdppir. Pmcs privikts fdwjttctuìs. auif hdk`ctcdks ùrcko ìshikt, hrucsi, jk` hfclb Auif Prjksair Qjfvi Pmi auif trjksair vjfvi (ckstjffi` ck fiat wcko tjke) cs kdrljffy hfdsi`. Ct cs j sdfikdc` dpirjti` vjfvi vjfvi tmjt riqucris kdrljf dr hdkvirti` @H pdwir td dpik. Ct ajcfs hfdsi` wmik pdwir cs rildvi`. 9 A Y I F X S X P I Acouri 9-9. AYIF BDDXP Xwcthmfcomts L _mik tmi vjfvi cs dpiki`, tmi hdrrispdk`cko bddst pulp stjrts trjksairrcko auif. Pmcs Pm cs jffdws auif td bi pulpi` ardl tmjt aii` mdppir cktd tmi dppdscti aii` mdppir tmrduom jk drc﬊hi ukcdk, wmchm ristrchts tmi trjksair fldw. Pmi auif bjhe jk` AYIF PRJKXAIR Ekdb 9-0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF fldws tmrduom tmi dppdscti bddst pulp cktd cts auif mdppir. cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Acriwjff Xmutdaa Qjfvis _mik tmi ikocki cs rukkcko, mcom-prissuri auif (ldtcvi fldw) ardl tmi A@Y cs suppfci` td tmi prcljry igihtdr auif pulp ck tmi aii` mdppir. Pmi J auif ﬊riwjff smutd﬎ vjfvi ck ckstjffi` ck ijhm auif suppfy fcki ckscì tmi ausifjoi gust jat da tmi wcko. Hdhepct swcthmis swcthmis riqucri pcfdt jhtcdk jhtcdk td hfdsi tmisi vjfvis, tmiriby stdppcko auif ardl rijhmcko tmi ikocki. Riair td Hmjptir = ‘ Acri Acri ^rdtihtcdk adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX AYIF BDDXP Xwcthmfcomts Pmi F jk` R AYIF BDDXP ‘ LJKYJF swcthmfcomts jri dk tmi fiat ik` da tmi tcft pjkif (Acouri 9-9). ûsmcko jk ukfct swcthmfcomt swcthmfcomt jhtcvjtis tmi rispihtcvi bddst pulp jk` cffulckjtis tmi swcthmfcomt bfui. Pmi hyjk BDDXP ^YL^ DK lissjoi jppijrs dk tmiAYIF HJX wck`dw. AYIF PRJKXAIR Ekdb Pmi AYIF PRJKXAIR rdtjry ekdb dk tmi fiat ckstrulikt pjkif hdktrdfs tmi auif trjksair vjfvi (Acouri 9-9). _mik ck ictmir F PJKE dr R PJKE pdsctcdk, pdsctc dk, tmi kdrljf kdrljffy fy hfdsi` trjksa trjksair ir vjfvi cs dpiki` jk` jhtcvjtis tmi bddst pulp dk tmi rispihr ispihtcvi scì tmjt auif cs bicko trjksairri` ardl. Pmcs jffdws auif td bi pulpi` ardl dki aii` mdppir cktd tmi dppdscti aii` mdppir. igihtdr pulp dutputs litiri` auif fldw td tmi ikocki ùrcko kdrljf dpirjtcdk. Pmi adrwjr` jk` jat shjvikoi igihtdr pulps hdkstjktfy trjksair auif ardl tmi wcko tjkes td tmi aii` a ii` mdppir. Pmcs eiips tmi prcljry prcljr y igihtdr jk` ifihtrch bddst pulps subliro subliroi` i` uktcf uktcf tmi wcko tjke cs kijr ilpty jk` tmi auif fivif cs `rjcki` ardl tmi aii` mdppir. Ca j auif clbjfjkhi dhhurs, tmi hdk`ctcdk ljy bi jffivcjti` by by trjksai trjksairrcko rrcko auif. ^dsctcdk tmi AYIF PRJKXAIR ekdb ck tmi `crihtcdk da trjksair ìscri` ‘ kdrljffy mcomir tjke td fdwir tjke (Acouri 9-?). Pmi trjksair vjfvi vjfvi dpiks jk` tmi bddst pulp cs jhtcv jhtcvjti` jti` dk tmi scì ydu wcsm td trjksair ardl. Pmi hyjk AYIF AYIF PRJKXAIR PRJKXAIR jk` hdrhdrrispdk`cko AYIF BDDXP ^YL^ DK lissjois jppijr. _mik tmi bjfjkhi ìscri` cs rijhmi`, turk tmi ekdb td DAA. DAA. Kdrljf auif clbjfjkhi cs 2>> pduk`s55 ìldk pduk`s ìldkstrjti strjti` ` iliroik iliroikhy hy clbjfj clbjfjkhi khi cs 1>> pduk`s. DÎRJPCDKX @urcko ikocki stjrt tmi ifihtrch bddst pulps ckscì da tmi aii` mdppir jutdljtchjffy jhtcvjti wmik tmi IKOCKI XPJRPIR buttdk cs prissi` td suppfy auif td tmi ikocki (Acouri 9-?). Jt jbdut 09% K2 tmi pulp cs jutdljtchjffy turki` d﬎. Ca fdw auif prissuri cs ìtihti`, ìtihti`, tmi hdrrispdk`cko jlbir AYIF ^RIXXYRI FD_ lissjoi jppijrs ldliktjrcfy dk tmi HJX tmik ixtckoucsmis, jk` jlbir AYIF BDDXP ^YL^ DK HJX lissjoi jppijrs jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Pmi AYIF ^RIXXYRI FD_ lissjoi ixtckoucsmis wmik tmi auif bddst pulp ristdri ristdriss kdrlj kdrljff auif prissu prissuri. ri. Pmi Acouri 9-1. X^R Jhhiss ^jkif L I P X S X F I Y A LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9 9-9 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF XCKOFI ^DCKP RIAYIF/ @IAYIF XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi X^R systil utcfczis j sckofi j`jptir td prissuri riauif jk` ìauif tmi fiat jk` rcomt wcko auif tjkes. Pmi systil cs dpirjti` by auif fivif jk` pdsctcvi (riauif) dr kiojtcv kiojtcvii (ìauif) prissuri. J prihmihe systil cs ckhdrpdrjti` ckhdr pdrjti` td tist tmi jutdljtch mcom fivif smutd﬎ systil prcdr td stjrtcko riauifcko dpirjtcdks. Pmi prihmihe prdhiùri lust bi piradrli` prcdr td iviry X^R ﬊ffcko. Pmi systil cs jhhissi` tmrduom tmi X^R jhhiss pjkif gust adrwjr` da tmi rcomt wcko (Acouri 9-1). HDL^DKIKPX Pmi riauif/ìauif j`jptir cs bimck` tmi X^R jhhiss pjkif gust adrwjr` adrwjr` da tmi rcomt wcko wcko dk tmi ajcrcko bifdw tmi ausifjoi. Pmi j`jptir cs j sprcko-fdjì` hdupfcko vjfvi usi` td hdkkiht tmi riauifcko iqucplikt td tmi jcrhrjat. Pmi j`jptir mduscko jfsd mjs j pdrt adr suppfycko auif td tmi prihmihe vjfvi. Riauif Qjfvis Pmi riauif smutd﬎ vjfvis jri dutbdjr` da tmi fjst fljppir rcb da ijhm wcko tjke. Pmi vjfvis jri sprckofdjì` smutd﬎ vjfvis jk` jri dpiki` by pdsctcvi auif prissuri. ^jrt da tmi riauif fldw cs bypjssi` jk` ri`crihti` td tmi pcfdt fcki. Ckhrijsi` bjhe prissuri hfdsis tmi riauif vjfvi wmik tmi pcfdt pdrt fldw cs stdppi` by tmi mcom fivif pcfdt vjfvi. Mcom Fivif ^cfdt Qjfvi Pmi mcom fivif pcfdt vjfvi cs gust bifdw tmi auff auif fivif ck ijhm tjke. Pmi pcfdt vjfvi smuts d﬎ tmi hdrrispdk`cko pcfdt fldw wmik ictmir tmi prihmihe fldw dr auff tjke auif fivif ﬊ffs tmi fldjt bdwf. L 9-1 J prihmihe vjfvi cs ckstjffi` ck ijhm prihmihe fcki odcko td tmi mcom fivif pcfdt vjfvi ck ijhm wcko. @urcko ìauifcko dpirjtcdks, tmi vjfvi hfdsis tmi prihmihe systil td jffdw kiojtcvi kiojtcvi prissuri td bi jppfci` td tmi ìauif vjfvi jhtujtcdk pdrt. ^rissuri Rifcia Qjfvis Pmi vjfvis privikt ixhisscvi pdsctcvi dr kiojtcvi tjke prissuris ùrcko sckofi pdckt riauifcko ca tmi systil ajcfs td smutd﬎ wmik tmi tjke cs auff. Ct jfsd rifcivis prissuri ùrcko dtmir hdk`ctcdks ca tmi kdrljf vikt systil ajcfs hfdsi` dr cs bfdhei`. ^rissuri rifcia dhhurs td rioufjti cktirkjf tjke prissuri sd kdt td ixhii` j pdsctcvi 1.> psco jk` j kiojtcvi >.? psco. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Riauif/@iauif J`jptir 9 A Y I F X S X P I ^rihmihe Qjfvis ^rihmihe Qjfvi Fivirs Pmi twd prihmihe fivirs jri kixt td tmi X^R j`jptir. Pmisi jri usi` td vircay tmjt auif wcff stdp odcko cktd tmi wcko tjke wmik wmik ct cs auff. Dpikcko (rjcscko) tmi fivir jffdws j prihmihe fldw da auif td ijhm wcko. Pmi prihmihe fldw fldw hdlis ardl jk juxcfcjry pdrt dk tmi tmi j`jptir jk` ldvis ldvis td tmi sifihti` sifihti` mcom jk` fdw fivif pcfdt vjfvis. DÎRJPCDKX X^R Riauifcko Iksuri tmi jcrhrjat cs prdpirfy ordukì` jk` tmi wcko `rjck vjfvis jri jff prdpirfy hfdsi`. Jttjhm tmi riauif/ìauif kdzzfi td tmi riauif/ìauif j`jptir ck tmi X^R jhhiss hdlpjrtlikt gust adrwjr` da tmi rcomt wcko dk tmi ajcrcko bifdw tmi ausifjoi. îradrl tmi prihmihe prdhiùri by rjcscko (dpikcko) tmi prihmihe fivir da tmi wcko(s) td bi riauifi`. ^rdvcì riauif prissuri (:>-99 psc) td tmi systil td prihmihe tmi jutd-smutd﬎ aukhtcdk. Pmi auif fldw smduf` stdp. ^fjhi tmi fivir bjhe `dwk (hfdsi`) jk` jffdw tmi wcko(s) td riauif. _jthm adr ivcìkhi da jky dvirbdjr` spcffjoi jt tmi wcko tjke vikt shddp dr wcko prissuri tjke rifcia vjfvi. Xmut `dwk riauif fldw updk ivcìkhi da dvirbdjr` spcffjoi dr jatir jutdljtch smut`dwk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k d ct j r i p D f j l r d K . -? 9 i r u o c A F I Y A L I P X S X F I Y A E K J P I O R Y X 9 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9-? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF E H I M H I R ^ X R I Q I F R D P ^ J @ J R ^ X I OR KD I P Q H J I HG X I S R RD J P CL H I RG ^ I ^ I O K I Q J H X P P C X ^ ? / 9 F P M I J H YDP A F C A _F _ X DI F Q I F M H P C _ X E H I M H I R ^ I K C F _ D F A R ^ X F I Y A I R ) @ C D K I F D X ( F I Y A F A F A I J DQ _P F I YJ Q R C M A X ^ s k ctd j r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i p D r ai s k j r P f i u A . = 9 i r u co A HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF `cshriti riturk scokjf td ìtirlcki tmi auif micomt jt ijhm prdbi. Auif ^rdbis Pmiri jri sivik auif prdbis ck ijhm wcko. Pmi #? Acouri 9-3. Auif Xystil @cspfjy _mik `dki, iksuri tmi prihmihe fivirs jri bdtm ck tmi `dwk (hfdsi`) pdsctcdk jk` `cshdkkiht tmi riauif/ìauif kdzzfi. Iksuri tmi jhhiss `ddr cs hfdsi`. X^R @iauifcko _mik `dki, iksuri tmi jcrhrjat cs prdpirfy ordukì` jk` jttjhm tmi riauif/ìauif kdzzfi td tmi riauif/ ìauif j`jptir ck tmi X^R jhhiss hdlpjrtlikt. Rjcsi (dpik) tmi prihmihe fivirs adr tmi wcko(s) td bi ìauifi`. ìauifi`. ^rdvcì ^rdvcì kiojtcv kiojtcvii ìauif prissuri (-:> psc ljxclul) ljxclul) td tmi systil. _mik `dki, iksuri tmi prihmihe fivirs jri bdtm ck tmi `dwk (hfdsi`) pdsctcdk jk` `cshdkkiht tmi riauif/ìauif kdzzfi. Iksuri tmi jhhiss `ddr cs hfdsi`. AYIF ZYJKPCPS OJYOCKO XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi auif qujktcty ojuocko systil utcfczis jk JH pjsscvi pjssc vi hjpjhct hjpjhctjkhi jkhi systil. Pmi scokjf hdk`ctc hdk`ctcdkir dkir hmjkkif prdvcìs scokjfs td tmi sivik auif prdbis ck ijhm wcko jk` lijsuris tmi riturk scokjfs td ìtirlcki tmi auif micomt jt ijhm prdbi. Pmi auif qujktcty `jtj cs `cspfjyi` dk tmi LA@. prdbi ck tmi aii` mdppir jfsd aukhtcdks aukhtcdks js j hdlpiksjtdr prdbi prdbi wmik hdv hdviri` iri` td hdrriht tmi tmi hjfhufjti` qujktcty. Pmi prdbis lijsuri lijsur i tmi hjpjhctjkhi bitwiik bitw iik tmi ckkir jk` dutir hyfck` hyfckìrs irs td ìtirlcki tmi auif micomt jt ijhm prdbi. Auif Afdjt Xwcthmis Ijhm wcko tjke mjs j fdw auif fivif fldjt swcthm dk tmi ckbdjr` scì da tmi ljck wmiif wiff. Pmi fldjt swcthm sik`s j scokjf td jhtcvjti tmi rispihtcvi scì jlbir AYIF FIQIF FD_ lissjoi 3> sihdk`s jatir tmi qujktcty `rdps bifdw 20> pduk`s. Pmi rispihtcvi AYIF FD_ jkkukhcjtdr fcomt jbdvi tmi stjk`by flcomt`rdps `cspfjy cffulckjtis 8> sihdk`s jatir tmi qujktcty bifdw 20> pduk`s. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Auif Xystil @cspfjy Auif systil `jtj cs smdwk dk jpprdprcjti `cspfjys wctm j `coctjf rij`dut adr ijhm wcko auif qujktcty. Auif systil `jtj (qujktcty, tilpirjturi jk` auif fldw) cs kdrljffy `cspfjyi` dk tmi fiat LA@ jatir jvcdkchs cs pdwiri` pdwiri` (Acouri 9-3). Pmi `jtj ljy ljy jfsd bi smdwk dk dtmir `cspfjys by uscko vjrcdus likus dr rivirscdk buttdks. Ca `jtj cs `jsmi`, ct cs ckvjfc`. AYIF FD_ FIQIF Jkkukhcjtdr J AYIF FD_ FIQIF jkkukhcjtdr fcomt jbdvi tmi stjk`by flcomt `cspfjy cffulckjtis jfdko wctm tmi AYIF FD_ FIQIF HJX lissjoi. HDL^DKIKPX DÎRJPCDKX Xcokjf Hdk`ctcdkir Ykìr kdrljf dpirjtcdks kd hdktrdf jhtcdk cs riqucri` da tmi pcfdt. Auif qujktcty cs siksi` by tmi prdbis jk` `cspfjyi`. Pmi scokjf hdk`ctcdkir ck tmi rcomt jat ausifjoi ajcrcko cs j ùjf hmjkkif lchrdprdhissdr-bjsi` hdk`ctcdkir. Pmi hdk`ctcdkir prdvcìs jk ixhctjtcdk scokjf td tmi auif prdbis jk` lijsuris tmi ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS L I P X S X F I Y A 9 9-3 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF E H I M H I R ^ X R I Q I F R D P ^ J @ J R ^ X I OR KD I P Q H J I HG X I S R RD J P L C H I RG ^ I ^ I O K I R D P H Q G J I HI X P P C X ^ /? 9 F P M I J H YDP A F C A _F _ X DI F Q I F M H P C _ X E H I M H I R ^ I CK F _ D F A R ^ X F I Y A I R ) C@ D K I F D X ( F I Y A F A F A I J DQ _P F I YJ Q CR M A X ^ CF R /D I F O I K YJ A M H ] I P J I M I K C F F I Y A R ^ X I R K ^ R Y P J R I ^ L I P F I Y A I P CF A F I Y A I Q C R @ I CK O K I L Y ^ F I Y A CP K Y O CK R I P I L F I Y A I Q F J Q A CI F I R I R Y X X I R ^ I K C F _ D F A F I I Q Q F I J F Q MP D O C CF M^ ^ J H P J D F A P K I Q I Q F J Q I Q F J Q P K I Q J H J K @ K I O I F E K J P I O R Y X L 9-:> CP I K C@ YQ C O@ CK _ RD I F P A I L F I Y A _ D F A F I Y A I K C F P K I Q B L C F H A D P Y M X 9 A Y I F X S X P I I R Y X X I R ^ I Q F J Q R I A X K J R P ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS P K I Q I R Y X X I R ^ F I Y A I R F I Y A F I I Y Q J A F S Q HA KA I D OP RY I M X L I ) D /( K ) F J H C K J M H I L ( o cfk i au R ti ck d ^ fi o ck X . > : 9 i r u co A HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF AYIF QIKP XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi fiat jk` rcomt wcko auif tjkes mjvi sipjrjti vikt systils. Pmi systils prdvcì viktcfjtcdk td tmi auif tjkes ùrcko flcomt ljkiuvirs, auif ixpjkscdk, jk` riauifcko/ìaui riauifcko/ìauifcko fcko dpirjtcdks. HDL^DKIKPX Acouri 9-::. Auif Qikt Qikt Q ikt Afdjt Qjfvi Qjfvi Pmi suroi tjke `rjcks auif bjhe cktd tmi ljck tjke tmrduom tmi hfclb vikt jk` fljppir vjfvis js auif cs rildvi` ardl tmi ljck tjke. Pmi vikt fldjt vjfvi cs ck tmi dutbdjr` ik` da tmi ljck tjke. Pmi vikt vjfvi cs fldjt jhtujti` jk` jffdws jcr td ictmir iktir dr fijvi tmi ljck tjke. FCLCPJPCDKX Hfclb Qikt Fcki Pmi hfclb vikt fcki ixtik`s ardl jk ckbdjr` pdckt ck tmi wcko jk` tirlckjtis wctmck tmi suroi tjke. tjke . Ct prdvcìs prdv cìs viktcko viktcko ck j stiip hfclb hfclb jk`/dr jk`/dr wcko fdw fdw flcomt hdk`ctcdk jk` ùrcko fdw qujktcty riauifcko. Auif Qikt Pwd auif vikts (KJHJ styfi) jri flusm-ldukti` flusm-l dukti` dk tmi fdwir scì da ijhm wcko ckbdjr` da tmi suroi tjke (Acouri 9-::). Pmi vikt cs hdkkihti` td tmi suroi tjke jt tmi mcom pdckt ck tmi suroi tjke. Pmcs privikts priv ikts auif ardl scpmdk scpmdkcko cko dr spcffck spcffcko o dv dvirbdjr`. irbdjr`. Pmi suroi tjke cs vikti` td tmi jtldspmiri tmrduom tmcs vikt. Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks jk` prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJjpprdvi` Jcrpfjki Afcomt Ljkujf ( JAL). ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk iliroikhy/jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. Dpirjtcdks Pmi kdrljffy dpik vikt fldjt vjfvi jhts js tmi prcljry vikt adr tmi wcko tjke ùrcko ìshikt, riauifcko, jk` ìauifcko. _mik auif ukìrodis tmirljf ixpjkscdk, ct ixpjk`s ck tmi ljck tjke jk` jcr cs vikti` cktd tmi suroi tjke tmrduom tmi vikt fldjt vjfvi. _mik tmi auif fivif rijhmis tmi vikt fldjt vjfvi, ct hfdsis. Pmi auif cs adrhi` up tmi hfclb vikt fcki uktcf mcom ikduom td dvirfldw cktd tmi suroi tjke. L I P X S X F I Y A Ca tmi auif fivif ck tmi suroi tjke rijhmis tmi stjk`stjk` pcpi adr tmi vikt shddp, ct cs vikti` td tmi jtldspmiri tmrduom tmi vikt shddp. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9 9-:: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi 9-:. HJX Lissjois LIXXJOI @IXHRC^PCDK AYIF BDDXP ^YL^ DK F‘R Ck`chjtis wmik tmi rispihtcvi scì bddst pulp mjs biik jhtcvjti` jutdljtchjffy ùi td j fdw auif prissuri hdk`ctcdk. AYIF FIQIF FD_ F‘R Ck`chjtis wmik tmi auif auif fivif cs bifdw 2>> fbs adr adr 8> sihdk`s. Pmcs lissjoi wcff kdt bi hfijri` uktcf tmi fivif cs ldri tmjk 2>> fbs adr 3> sihdk`s. AYIF ACFPIR BS^JXX F‘R Ck`chjtis wmik tmi rispihtcvi ikocki-ldukti` auif 󿬊ftir ìtihts j rcsi ck prissuri. Pmcs ck`chjtis jk jk clpik`cko bypjss bypjss hdk`ctcdk. @d kdt trjksair auif auif ukfiss jbsdfutify riqucri`. riqucri`. Riair td jpprdprcjti hmihefcst hmihefcst prdhiùris. prdhiùris. AYIF ^RIXXYRI FD_ F‘R _mik tmi auif prissuri ck tmi auif fcki cs bifdw 0.19 psco, tmcs lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst prdhiùris. prdhiùris. AYIF PRJKXAIR Ck`chjtis wmik tmi trjksair vjfvi cs dpik jk` tmi rihicvcko scì cs orijtir tmjk 1> pduk`s clbjfjkhi. AYIF BDDXP ^YL^ DK F‘R Ck`chjtis wmik tmi rispihtcvi scì bddst pulp mjs biik jhtcvjti` ljkujffy (buttdk pusmi`) dr jutdljtchjffy (ikocki stjrt dr auif trjksair). AYIF PRJKXAIR Ck`chjtis wmik tmi AYIF PRJKXAIR ekdb mjs biik ldvi` dut da DAA. DAA. 9 A Y I F X S X P I L 9-:2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX :. _mjt cs tmi tdtjf tdtjf hjpjhcty da tmi tmi auif systil4 9._mjt cs tmi aukhtcdk da tmi shjvikoi igihtdr pulps4 J. 1,>>> fbs B. 9,=2= fbs J. ^rissurczi auif adr tmi sfckoir sfckoir rcko H. 9,:=> fbs @. 9,>:= fbs 2. Pmi X^R systil7 J. Cs j sirvchi prissuri rioufjtdr rioufjtdr adr viktcko bjhe prissuri ck tmi tmi auif B. Cs j sckofi pdckt riauif/ìauif systil H. Cs suppfiliktjf suppfiliktjf prcist rihyhfcko adr riuscko auif j``ctcvis @. Cs j A@Y ldì adr j``cko auif ùrcko stjrt siquikhi 8. Ca jk jlbir AYIF FIQIF FD FD_ _ lissjoi jppijrs7 J. Pmi rispihtcvi wcko qujktcty mjs gust rijhmi` 2>> pduk`s B. Pmi bddst bddst pulp dk tmjt scì wcff wcff jutdljtcjutdljtchjffy jhtcvjti H. Pmi pcfdt pcfdt lust ljkujffy ljkujffy turk dk tmi tmi bddst pulp @. Pmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO fcomt cffulckjtis 0. B. Ldvi auif ardl td dtmir jrijs wcko ck tmi wcko tjke adr trjksair tmi dtmir H. Ldvi auif ardl dtmir jrijs ck tmi wcko tjke adr trjksair td tmi dtmir ikocki @. Ldvis auif ardl dtmir jrijs ck tmi wcko tjke td tmjt tjkes– auif mdppir _mjt cs tmi tmi aukhtcdk da tmi suroi suroi tjke4 J. Jffdws ixtrj auif td bi usi` ùrcko ixtikì` flcomts B. Jhts js jk dvirfld dvirfldw w tjke jk` cs ai` by by tmi hfclb vikt fcki H. Xtdris auif bypjssi` by by tmi A@Y adr igihtdr pulp usi @. Hdktjcks tmi ifihtrch auif pulp jk` cs tmi ljck pcheup adr tmi ikocki 1. Auif trjksair ekdb ekdb jffdws jffdws auif td bi trjksairri`7 J. B. H. @. ?. Ardl wcko td wcko Ardl wcko td ikocki Ardl ikocki td X^R Ardl X^R td wcko _mjt cs tmi `c﬎irikhi bitwiik tmi jlbir jk` hyjk AYIF PRJKXAIR HJX lissjoi4 J. Hyjk ck`chjtis trjksair trjksair vjfvi vjfvi dpik jk` clbjfjkhi orijtir tmjk 1> fbs, Jlbir ck`chjtis trjksair ajcfuri B. Hyjk ck`chjtis trjksair ajcfuri, Jlbir ck`chjtis tmi auif trjksair vjfvi cs dpik jk` jk clbjfjkhi orijtir tmjk 1> fbs ck tmi `crihtcdk da trjksair H. Hyjk ck`chjtis kdrljf trjksair, trjksair, Jlbir ck`chjtis tmi auif trjksair vjfvi cs dpik jk` jk clbjfjkhi orijtir tmjk 1> fbs ck tmi `crihtcdk da trjksair @. Hyjk ck`chjtis kdrljf trjksair, trjksair, Jlbir ck`chjtis trjksair ajcfuri L I P X S X F I Y A 9 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 9-:8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF =. _mik uscko tmi X^R, mdw cs tmi auif ìfcviry stdppi` wmik tmi wcko(s) jri auff td privikt dvirauifcko4 J. Pmi pcfdt vjfvi wcff dpik by rcscko wctm tmi auif jk` jffdw ckhdlcko auif td hfdsi tmi X^R riauif vjfvi wmchm wcff stdp ckhdlcko auif fldw B. Pmi pcfdt vjfvi hfdsis jk` privikts privikts auif ardl iktircko tmi X^R riauif vjfvi H. Pmi pcfdt vjfvi vjfvi dpik wmik wmik tmi wcko cs prissurczi` wmchm wcff jffdw jffdw sdli auif auif td iktir tmi vikt tjke @. Pmi pcfdt vjfvi vjfvi ifihtrchjffy jhtcvjtis jhtcvjtis tmi ìj` ljk swcthm jk` smuts d﬎ auif fldw ardl tmi truhe, riqucris ifihtrchjf pdwir (2= Q@H) 3. _mjt pdsctcdk lust tmi prihmihe fivirs bi ck adr ìauif dpirjtcdks4 J. B. H. @. :>. Hfdsi` Dpik @iauif Kdrljf Ca auif trjksair mjs biik sifihti` sifihti` jk` kdrljf jk` hdkvirti` @H ifihtrchjf pdwir cs fdst7 J. Pmi systil hdktckuis td trjksair auif B. Pmi trjksair vjfvi ajcfs hfdsi`, jk` tmi bddst pulp stdps stdps wdrecko wdrecko H. Pmi bddst pulp cs ikiroczi` by tmi jftirkjtdrs td hdktckui trjksair @. Hdktckui kdrljf flcomt td ìstckjtcdk ::. Jsyllitrch auif fclctjtcdks fclctjtcdks jri7 jri7 J. B. H. @. 0>> kdrljf5 2>> kdrljf5 2>> kdrljf5 0>> kdrljf5 =>> iliroikhy =>> iliroikhy 1>> iliroikhy :>>> iliroikhy 9 A Y I F X S X P I L 9-:0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF L I P X S X R I _ 1 D ^ S R J C CF ] Y J Pmi ckadrljtcdk kdrljffy hdktjcki` ck tmcs hmjptir cs kdt jppfchjbfi td tmcs jcrhrjat. Rivcscdk >.>: ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 1-c ^ D _ I R X S X P I L HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF 1 J Y ] CF CJ R S FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 1-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS Rivcscdk >.>: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR ? ^D_IR^FJKP HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. ?-: OIKIRJF ............................................................................................................................ ?-: LJGDR XIHPCDKX .............................................................................................................. ?-2 DCF XSXPIL ........................................................................................................................ ?-8 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... ?-8 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... ?-8 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. ?-0 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ ?-0 AYIF XSXPIL ..................................................................................................................... ?-1 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... ?-1 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... ?-1 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. ?-1 Dpirjtcdks ...................................................................................................................... ?-1 AJ@IH XSXPIL .................................................................................................................. ?-1 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... ?-1 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... ?-= COKCPCDK XSXPIL ............................................................................................................. ?-3 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. ?-3 IKOCKI CK@CHJPCKO CK@CHJPCKO XSXPIL ............................ ........................................................ ......................................................... ............................... ?-:: Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................. ?-:: Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ....................................... ........... ?-:: FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................. ...... ?-:0 ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................. ?-:0 ZYIXPCDKX ....................................................................................................................... ?-:9 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-c P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE ?-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi ?-:. Ljgdr Xihtcdks/Ojs Afdw .......................................................................................... ?-2 ?-2. Ikocki Ckfit ............................................................................................................... ?-8 ?-8. Ixmjust ...................................................................................................................... ?-8 ?-0. Dcf Xcomt Ofjss @ddr ................................................................................................. ?-8 ?-9. Dcf Xystil ................................................................................................................. ?-9 ?-1. Ikocki Auif Xystil ................................................................................................... ?-? ?-?. Pmrdttfi Zuj`rjkt ...................................................................................................... ?-= ?-=. Ikocki Ckfit ^P2 jk` PP2 Xiksdr ............................................................................... ?-= ?-3. COKCPCDK-LJKYJF Xwcthmfcomts.......................................................................... ?-3 ?-:>. IKOCKI XPJRP XPJRP Xwcthmfcomts Xwcthmfcomts ........................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ........................... ?-3 ?-::. IKOCKI RYK/XP RYK/XPJRP JRP Xwcthmfcomts ........................... ....................................................... ............................................ ................ ?-:> ?-:2. LA@ : @cspfjy ........................................................................................................ ?-:: PJBFIX Pjbfi ?-:. Pctfi ^joi HJX Lissjois ......................... ..................................................... ......................................................... ................................................. .................... ?-:9 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-ccc P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE ?-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR ? ^D_IR^FJKP P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs hmjptir ìshrcbis tmi ikockis dk tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Pmi adffdwcko jssdhcjti` pdwirpfjkt ldkctdrcko jk` dpirjtcko systils jri `cshussi`7 dcf, auif, jk` tmi auff-jutmdrcty `coctjf ikocki hdktrdf (A (AJ@IH). J@IH). OIKIRJF Pmi _cffcjls AG00-0J ikockis ijhm prdùhi 812: pduk`s da stjtch stjtch tjeid tjeid﬎ tmrust jt sij fivif, fljtrjti` td 21󰁤H. Ikocki tmrust lust bi ljkjoi` by tmi pcfdt wctmck wctmck fclcts prishrcbi` prishrcbi` ck tmi JAL. Pmrust cs ljkjoi` by tmrdttfi fivif ckput td j Auff Jutmdrcty @coctjf Ikocki Hdktrdf (AJ@IH). J Auif @ifcviry Ykct (A@Y) cs oijrbdx ldukti` jk` prdvcìs adur aukhtcdks7 Auif hdk`ctcdkcko, auif litircko, ldtcvi fldw, jk` bfii` vjfvi jhtujtcdk. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF • F^ turbcki ordup‐Hdkscsts da tmi :st stjoi F^ turbcki rdtdr, 2k` stjoi F^ turbcki kdzzfi jssilbfy, 2k` stjoi F^ turbcki rdtdr, rijr mduscko, mijt ixhmjkoir, jk` tmi rijr hjsi wctm ixmjust lcxir. LJGDR XIHPCDKX Pmi AG00-0J cs hdlprcsi` da scx `cstckht ordups (Acouris ?-:). • F^ smjat‐Pmi fdw-prissuri (F^) smjat ldùfi hdkscsts da tmi F^ smjat, Kd.: jk` Kd. :.9 bijrcko suppdrts, Kd. : bjff bijrcko, Kd. :.9 rdffir bijrcko, jk` Kd. : hjrbdk sijf. ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P • Acatm ordup‐Jhhissdry oijrbdx ldùfi jk` ikocki-ldukti` jhhissdrcis. Jhhissdrcis hdkscst da jk dcf pulp, my`rjufch pulp, auif ìfcviry ukct (A@Y), ( A@Y), stjrtir-oikirjtdr, stjrtir-oikirjtdr, jk` jftirkjtdr. J smjat hdkkihti` td tmi M^ smjat (K2) `rcvis tmi jhhissdry oijrbdx. • Ajk ordup‐Hdkscsts da tmi spckkir, ajk rdtdr, ajk mduscko, ajk stjtdr, tmrii-stjoi F^ hdlprissdr,, jk` F^ stjtdr stjois. hdlprissdr • Hdri ldùfi‐Pmi hdri ldùfi hdkscsts da tmi cktirstjoi mduscko wctm cktiorjf dcf tjke jk` :st riùhtcdk bivif oijr, mcom prissuri hdlprissdr (M^H), mcom-prissu mcom-prissuri ri (M^) smjat, pckcdk oijr jk` Kd. 2 bjff bijrcko, `c﬎usir jssilbfy, jk` tmi hdlbustdr hdvir jssilbfy, auif ljkcadf`, sfckoir jk` sijf, M^ turbcki kdzzfi, Mâuif turbcki, :s t fdw:st prissuri turbcki (F^P) kdzzfi, jk` tmi Kd. 8 jk` Kd. 0 rdffir bijrckos jk` sijfs. X^CKKIR AJK AJK XPJPDR M^ HDL^RIXXDR • Xcxtm ordup‐Jcrarjli-ldukti` AJ@IH jk` ^P2 jk` PP2 siksdr. Jcr cs `crihti` ardl tmi ikocki ckfit td tmi ikocki jcr cktjei (Acouri ?-2). Pmi bypjss sihtcdk da tmi ajk hdlprissis jk` jhhifirjtis j fjroi ljss da jcr jt j fdw vifdhcty cktd tmi auff-fikotm bypjss ùht. Xcluftjkidusfy, tmi hdri sihtcdk hdlprissis jk` jhhifirjtis j vdfuli da jcr td tmi prcljry jxcjf hdlprissdr. Jcr prissuri cs ckhrijsi` by tmi tmrii bddstir bddst ir stjoi stjoiss jk` `criht `crihti` i` td tmi M^H, wmchm K2 BFII@ JCR COKC CO KCPD PDR R ACRX AC RXP P F^ F^ PYR PYRBC BCKI KI XIHDK@ F^ PYRBCKI 8-XPJOI F^ HDL^RIXXDR AYIF XFCKOIR M^ PYRBCKI JHHIXXDRS Acouri ?-:. Ljgdr Xihtcdks/ Xihtcdks/Ojs Ojs Afdw ?-2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS @I-X_CRF RCKO HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? Acouri ?-2. Ikocki Ckfit jhhifirjtis tmi jcr ljss jk` `crihts ct tmrduom j `c﬎usir. Pmi `c﬎uscdk prdhiss hmjkois tmi vifdhcty ikiroy td prissuri ikiroy. J rifjtcvify sljff pdrtcdk da tmi jcr iktirs tmi hdlbustcdk hmjlbir wmiri auif cs j`ì` jk` cokctcdk dhhurs. Pmi hdlbustcdk prdhiss prdhiss prdùhis ixpjkscdk jk` jhhifirjtcdk. Pmi riljckìr riljckìr da tmi hdlprissi` jcr cs usi` td dpirjti vjrcdus bfii`-jcr systils dk tmi jcrhrjat jk` adr cktirkjf hddfcko ck tmi ikocki. Pmi M^ turbcki ixtrjhts ikiroy td `rcvi tmi hdlprissdr jk` tmi ikocki jhhissdry sihtcdk. Pmi F^ turbcki ixtrjhts ikiroy td `rcvi tmi F^ hdlprissdr (ajk jk` bddstirs). Pmi riljckcko ikiroy cs `crihti` cktd tmi ixmjust sihtcdk wmiri ct gdcks wctm tmi bypjss jcrfldw td prdvcì tmrust (Acouri ?-8). Acouri ?-8. Ixmjust HDL^DKIKPX Dcf Risirvdcr Pmi 9.19-qujrt dcf risirvdcr cs jk cktiorjf pjrt da tmi cktirstjoi mduscko, wmchm ckhdrpdrjtis j ﬊ffir pdrt tmjt cs jhhisscbfi jhhisscbfi tmrduom tmi jhhiss jhhiss `ddr dk tmi uppir sihtcdk dk ijhm ikocki hdwfcko. Pmi ikockis ckhfuì j scomt ofjss tmjt cs jhhisscbfi tmrduom j sprcko-fdjì` pusm-ck jhhiss `ddr ukìr tmi dcf ﬊ffir `ddr (Acouri ?-0). DCF XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi dcf systil cs auffy jutdljtch jk` prdvcìs hddfcko jk` fubrchjtcdk da tmi ikocki bijrckos jk` tmi jhhissdry sihtcdk. Acouri ?-0. Dcf Xcomt Ofjss @ddr Jpprdvi` Dcfs Ldbcf Git CC jk` Ldbcf 290 jri tmi dkfy jpprdvi` dcfs. Lcxcko da jpprdvi` dcfs cs pirlcsscbfi. Bdtm dcfs jri LCF-F-28133. Hmihe tmi hurrikt fcst da ikocki dcfs ck tmi Jcrhr Jcrhrjat jat Afcomt Ljkujf Ljkujf (JAL). ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Dcf ûlp Jk ikocki-`rcvik dcf pulp dk tmi jhhissdry sihtcdk (ckhfu`cko dki prissuri jk` twd shjvikoi ifilikts) prdvcìs adr prissuri, fubrchjtcdk, jk` shjvikocko. ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P Dcf Hddfir (Dcf-td-Auif Mijt Ixhmjkoir) Pmi dcf hddfir cs jk dcf-td-auif mijt ixhmjkoir dk tmi ikocki oijrbdx. Ct usis dutput auif ardl tmi A@Y td hddf ikocki dcf. Auif cs mijti` ck tmi prdhiss sd wjtir ck tmi auif `dis kdt adrl chi. Pmi auif jk` dcf `d kdt lcx5 mijt cs ixhmjkoi` tmrduom tmi litjf mduscko. Dcf Acftir Pmi dcf ﬊ftir cs j `cspdsjbfi hjrtrcòi tmjt rildvis sdfc` hdktjlckjkts ardl Pmi ﬊ftir bypjss ckhdrpdrjtis jk ifihtrdkch dcf tmi ﬊ftirdcf. clpik`cko swcthm. Pmi bypjss vjfvi jffdws dcf td bypjss tmi ﬊ftir ca tmi ﬊ftir bihdlis bfdhei` jk` sik`s j scokjf td tmi ICHJX systil adr ck`chjtcdk ck` chjtcdk td tmi pcfdt. tmcs hmjkoi, but tmi shjfi dk tmi `cspfjy `dis kdt hmjkoi. @coctjf rij`dut adr dcf prissuri dkfy `cspfjys wmik tmi dcf prissuri pdcktir cs jlbir dr ri`. _mik tmi rij`dut ﬊rst `cspfjys, ct fljsmis adr 9 sihdk`s, tmik `cspfjys stij`y ck hdrrispdk`cko hdr rispdk`cko hdfdr. Pmi rij`dut cs rildvi` wmik dcf prissuri cs kd fdkoir jlbir dr ri`. Hdktckudus `cspfjy da dcf prissuri `cocts ljy bi sit uscko j swcthm bimck` j pjkif bimck` tmi hdpcfdt–s sijt. Dcf Pilpirjturi Ck`chjtdrs J siksdr ck ijhm ikocki trjkslcts dcf tilpirjturi scokjfs tmrduom tmi `jtj hdkhiktrjtcdk ukct (@HY) td bi `cspfjyi` dk tmi LA@. J sckofi jkjfdo hdfdrhdì` shjfi cs `cspfjyi` wctm j pdcktir dk ijhm scì riprisiktcko tmi dcf tilpirjturi ck tmi ikocki dk tmi hdrrispdk`cko scì. Dcf ^rissuri Ck`chjtdrs Pmi hdfdr da tmi pdcktir (jk` `cocts, ca `cspfjyi`) ck`chjtis tmi stjtus. Pmi pdcktir cs oriik wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi kdrljf rjkoi. Pmi pdcktir cs jlbir wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi hjutcdk rjkoi, ictmir jbdvi dr bifdw tmi kdrljf rjkoi. Jatir 9 lckutis ck tmi hjutcdk rjkoi, tmi pdcktir hmjkois ardl jlbir td ri`. Pmi pdcktir turks ri` clli`cjtify wmik dpirjtcko jbdvi tmi ljxclul dcf tilpirjturi. Adr ldri ìtjcf, riair td Xihtcdk CC da tmi JAL. Dcf prissuri cs siksi` siksi ` by j prissuri swcthm jk` `cspfjyi` dk tmi LA@. J sckofi jkjfdo hdfdr-hdì` pfjyi` shjfi cs `cspfjyi` wctm j pdcktir dk ijhm scì riprisiktcko tmi dcf prissuri ck tmi ikocki dk tmi hdrrispdk`cko scì. Dcf tilpirjturi `coctjf `coctj f rij`dut dkfy `cspfjys wmik tmi dcf tilpirjturi pdcktir cs jlbir dr ri`. _mik tmi rij`dut ﬊rst `cspfjys, ct fljsmis adr 9 sihdk`s, tmik `cspfjys stij`y. J lckus (‘) cs `cspfjyi` adr HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Pmi hdfdr da tmi pdcktir (jk` `cocts, ca `cspfjyi`) ck`chjtis tmi stjtus. Pmi pdcktir cs oriik wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi kdrljf rjkoi. Pmi pdcktir cs jlbir wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi hjutcdk rjkoi, ictmir jbdvi dr bifdw tmi kdrljf rjkoi. Jatir 9 lckutis ck tmi hjutcdk rjkoi, tmi pdcktir hmjkois ardl jlbir td ri`. Pmi pdcktir turks ri` clli`cjtif clli`cjtify y wmik dpirjtcko bifdw tmi lckclul dr jbdvi tmi ljxclul dcf prissuri. Adr ldri ìtjcf, riair td Xihtcdk CC da tmi JAL. kiojtcvi vjfuis. vjfuis. Hdktckudus `cspfjybimck` da dcf prissuri pris suri `cocts ljy bi sit uscko j swcthm j pjkif bimck` tmi hdpcfdt– hdpcfdt–ss sijt. Ca kd dcf tilpirjturi `jtj cs jvjcfjbfi, tmi dcf tilpirjturi pirjtu ri pdckt pdcktir ir cs rild rildvi` vi` jk` tmrii jlbir `jsmi `jsmiss jri `cspfjyi` ck tmi rij`dut. DÎRJPCDK Acouri ?-9 cffustrjtis tmi dpirjtcdk da tmi ikocki dcf systil. Pmi lckclul dcf prissuri adr kdrljf dpirjtcdk ìpik`s dk ikocki rpl, wctm tmi hmjkoi dhhurrcko jt =>% K2. Pmi hdfdr da tmi pdcktir riflihts ?-0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ) ^ L I P M CO M ( I R Y X F X C D I R X ^ X ^ @ J L K ^ S Y I B ^ O I F ) ^ L I P _ D F ( I R Y X X I R ^ ^ L Y ^ CF D I O K I Q J H X F C D I O J R D P X X R I P F C F C D A S K F I ^ I ^ R Y H X X ^ J P R D X K I X I R Y P J R I ^ L I P R D P H I F F D H I F H C P R J ^ H C P I K O J L P K I Q P H Y @ I O R J M H CX @ I R Y X X I R ^ A CI F I R ^ L Y ^ . Q J H X I Q F J Q R D P H I F F D H CH P I K OI J F L CH Q P J R HJ X ^ R D P H I F F D H P X : @ K J P A J M X ^ M P I G I B Y F K D C P H Y @ I R R D P H I G K C E J I R B X ^ L Y ^ I F W W D K ] D B R J I O O2 R # B 2 / : O9 . R : B # O: R # B I K P CF A ^ J X M X & R X I O _K C DR P J I B S P C Q J H K C J R @ ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS CK J R @ F C D P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? O CK X Y D M ^ L Y ^ F C D l ti s y X fc D . 9 ? i r u co A O8 R# B P K I Q E CH P X ^ C @ & R D P J H C @ CK I Q F J Q X X J ^ S B R I O K J M H ] I CH P I K OI J F L CH E P KR J J P ^ O0 R# B K D M ^ C X ^ J H F F C A CF D I Q F J Q X X J ^ S B X X J ^ S B E K J P F C D R D P J F Y O I R I R Y X X I R ^ ^ J P I R Y X X I R ^ P J I M F I Y A / F C D L I P X S X R K C I P J CF LA CF D / CR J R D P J R I ^ I X CH R P D I P KH OI J F F LD BH OI F H C P R J ^ R D A P I G I B Y F ] D B R J I O ] D B R J I O R J I O K CD P H Y @ I R @ K 2 @I KK C J F P ^ A X J R MD X P R J I R _I DK P I O ?-9 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF AYIF XSXPIL Auif Pilpirjturi Ck`chjtdrs @IXHRC^PCDK Auif tilpirjturi rij`duts dk tmi LA@ auif `cspfjy ck`chjti tmi tilpirjturi ck tmi rispihtcvi wcko tjke ck ìoriis hiktcorjì (¾H) dkfy. Pmi `coctjf rij`duts jri `cspfjyi` `crihtfy bifdw tmi rispihtcvi Pmi auif `cstrcbutcdk systil suppfcis auif td ijhm ikocki ardl cts rispihtcvi Riair td Hmjptir 9‐‖Auif Xystil“ adr ldritjke. ckadrljtcdk. ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P HDL^DKIKPX Auif @ifcviry Ykct Pmi AJ@IH-hdktrdffi` AJ@IH-hdktrdffi` ikocki-`rcvik auif ìfcviry ukct (A@Y) cs `rcvik tmrduom tmi A@Y-td-oijrbdx jttjhmlikt. Pmi A@Y ckhfuìs tmi ljck ikocki auif pulp, ljck ikocki auif ﬊ftir, litircko li tircko hdlpdkikts, jk` j pirljkikt ljokit jftirkjtdr (^LJ), wmchm pdwirs tmi AJ@IH systil jatir ikocki stjrt. Pmi A@Y auif pulp suppfcis auif td tmi ljkcadf` fij`cko td tmi auif sfckoir, j auif smutd ﬎ vjfvi, jk` j stjrt kdzzfi. Pmi auif smutd ﬎ vjfvi cs hfdsi` ca tmi iliroikhy auif smutd﬎ fivir cs jhtcvjti`. Pmcs fivir ìtihts K: smjat ldvilikt jk` smuts d﬎ tmi ikocki jutdljtchjffy. Auif Acftir Pmi auif ﬊ftir cs j `cspdsjbfi hjrtrcòi tmjt rildvis rildvis sdfc` hdktjlckjkts ardl tmi auif. Pmi ﬊ftir ckhdrpdrjtis jk ifihtrdkch auif ﬊ftir clpik`cko clpik`cko bypjss swcthm. Pmi bypjss vjfvi jffdws auif td bypjss tmi ﬊ftir ca tmi ﬊ftir bihdlis bfdhei`. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Auif Afdw Ck`chjtdrs Auif fldw rij`duts `cspfjy dk tmi LA@ bifdw tmi dcf rij`duts. Auif fldw cs kdrljffy `cspfjyi` ck ppm. Dptcdkjf ecfdorjls pir mdur (Epm) ljy bi `cspfjyi`. Pmi auif fldw `cspfjys hdkscst da `coctjf rij`duts adr ijhm ikocki. @cspfjy rjkoi cs > td 2,9>> ppm (> td 3>? Epm). Ca tmi auif fldw scokjf cs ckvjfc`, adur jlbir `jsmis ripfjhi tmi rij`dut jldukts. auif fldw rij`duts. Ijhm auif tilpirjturi rij`dut hdkscsts da up td twd `cocts wctm j fij`cko kiojtcvi scok wmik jpprdprcjti. Pmi `cspfjy `cspfjy rjkoi cs ‘10¾ td 10¾H ck :¾ ckhrilikts. Pmi `cspfjy cs oriik wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi riocdk da orijtir tmjk ‘0>¾ (fdwir fclct) td fiss tmjk 9?¾H (uppir fclct) jk` jlbir ca dpirjtcko dutscì tmcs rjkoi. Pmi rij`duts fljsm adr 9 sihdk`s, tmik cffulckjti stij`y. Pwd jlbir `jsmis `cspfjy ca auif tilpirjturi ckadrljtcdk ardl jff sdurhis jri ckvjfc`. DÎRJPCDKX Acouri ?-1 cffustrjtis dpirjtcdk da tmi ikocki auif systil. Pmi A@Y suppfcis auif td j ljkcadf` fij`cko td tmi auif sfckoir jk` tmi stjrt kdzzfi. Pmi auif sfckoir rdtjtis wctm tmi M^ rdtjry ordup (K2) jk` igihts auif rj`cjffy tmrduom j sircis da mdfis cktd tmi hdlbustcdk hmjlbir. Pmi stjrt kdzzfi prdvcìs auif fldw td jsscsts wctm ikocki stjrts. J auif litircko ukct cktiorjf td tmi A@Y hdktrdfs auif fldw. Pmi A@Y jfsd hdktjcks j auif smutd ﬎ vjfvi td sijf tmi auif suppfy ardl tmi ikocki hdlbustdr wmik tmi ikocki cs smut `dwk. Pmi A@Y prdvcìs ldtcvi fldwRiair auif prissuri td tmi wcko rioufjti` tjke igihtdr pulps. td Hmjptir 9‐‖auif systil“ adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. AJ@IH XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK AJ@IH prdvcìs jutdljtch hdktrdf vcj tmi A@Y da ikocki pdwir sittckos, trjkscikt hdktrdf, jk` auif ìfcviry ùrcko stjrts. AJ@IH hdktrdfs auif vjfvi pdsctcdk td ldùfjti auif fldw fldw,, hdktrdfs tmi sdfikdc` auif smutd﬎ vjfvi, jk` hdktrdf da ikocki bfii` stjti, jff cktiorjf td tmi A@Y. AJ@IH AJ@IH prdvcìs fcl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couri ?-1. Ikocki Auif Xystil ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ctcko adr hrctchjf pjrjlitirs (c.i., K :, K2, jk` CPP). K: cs odvirki` jt mcom pdwir jk` K2 jt fdw pdwir. Ijhm ikocki ikock i mjs dki AJ@IH, jk` ijhm AJ@IH AJ@IH mjs twd ckìpikìkt hmjkkifs. Bdtm hmjkkifs dpirjti jt tmi sjli tcli5 mdwivir, dkfy dki hmjkkif cs ck ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P jhtujf hdktrdf da tmi ikocki jt jky ocvik tcli. Pmi hmjkkifs jutdljtchjffy jftirkjti wmchm cs ck hdlljk` jhhdr`cko td tmi fjst suhhissauf ikocki stjrt. Ikocki pdwir hdktrdf cs jhmcivi` by j tmrdttfi dk tmi hiktir piìstjf prdvc`cko ifihtrdkch ckputs td tmi AJ@IH (Acouri ?-?). Pmi AJ@IH odvirks K: jt mcom pdwir sittckos js j aukhtcdk da tmrdttfi fivir jkofi (PFJ), ikocki ckfit tdtjf prissuri (^P2), ikocki ckfit tdtjf tilpirjturi (PP2), jk` bfii` jcr ixtrjhtcdk fivif (Acouri ?-=). Jt fdw tmrdttfi sittckos, tmi AJ@IH odvirks K2 js j aukhtcdk da PFJ, ^P2, PP2, bfii` jcr ixtrjhtcdk fivif, jk` jcrhrjat wicomt-dk-wmiifs (_D_). _ctm tmi ikocki rukkcko j AJ@IH ajk buo cs `cspfjyi` pfjy i` kijr tmi tdp da tmi K: shjfi. Pmi buo cs kdrljffy hyjk, ivik ca j ajuft cs riocstiri` riocstiri`.. Ca tmi buo cs jlbir, dki dki hmjkkif mjs ajcfi`. Ca bdtm hmjkkifs dk tmi sjli ikocki ajcf, tmi ikocki ajcfs, rpl `jtj cs fdst, jk` tmi ikocki hjkkdt bi ristjrti`. Acouri ?-?. Pmrdttfi Zuj`rjkt PP2 XIKXDR ^P2 XIKXDR HDL^DKIKPX Jhhifirjtcdk/@ihifirjtcdk Jhhifirjtcdk/@ihifirjtcdk Bfii` Qjfvi Pmi AJ@IH AJ@IH hdlljk`s tmi A@Y td dpik tmi ikocki ik ocki jhhifirjtcdk/ìhifirjtcdk jhhifirjtcdk/ìhifir jtcdk bfii` vjfvi vcj lihmjkchjf fckejoi wmikivir jhhifirjtcdk dr ìhifirjtcdk cs hdlljkì`. Pmi vjfvi cs dpik ùrcko jhhifirjtcdk, ìhifirjtcdk, jk` jt fdw ikocki pdwir sittckos. Pmi vjfvi vjfvi cs hfdsi` ùrcko kdrljf dpirjtcdk jt mcom pdwir sittckos. @urcko kdrljf dpirjtcdk, tmi AJ@IH hdlljk`s tmi A@Y td dpik tmi bfii` vjfvi adr ikocki K2 spii`s bifdw jpprdxcljtify ?=% K2. Pmi bfii` vjfvi riùhis tmi jcr fdj` dk tmi M^ hdlprissdr jk` ckhrijsis tmi trjkscikt suroi ljrock. îrljkikt Ljokit Jftirkjtdr Acouri ?-=. Ikocki Ckfit ^P2 jk` PP2 Xiksdr AJ@IH. Pmcs cs ck`chjti` wmik tmi hyjk AJ@IH AJ@IH ajk buo jppijrs kijr tmi tdp da tmi K : shjfi. Ca j ^LJ ajcfs, tmi jcrhrjat ifihtrchjf systil bihdlis tmi sdurhi da pdwir pdwir.. _ctm jk dpirjbfi ^LJ jff jcrhrjat oikirjti` pdwir jk` tmi bjttiry hjk ajcf, Jatir ikocki tmi sdurh ^LJ i(pjrt da tmiadr A@Y) bihdlis bihdli s tmi stjrt prcljry prcl jry sdurhi da pdwir tmi ?-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF but tmi ikocki wcff hdktck hdktckui ui td dpirjti jk` rispdk` td tmrdttfi ldvilikts. COKCPCDK XSXPIL Ijhm ikocki cs iqucppi` wctm j ùjf cokctcdk systil. Ijhm cokctdr cs `rcvik by j ì`chjti` mcom ikiroy ixhctir pdwiri` by tmi hdkvirti` hdkvirti` bus. bus . Ijhm AJ@IH cs iqucppi` wctm wct m jk jutdljtch cokctcdk cok ctcdk hdktrdf aijturi hjpjbfi da jhtcvjtcko dki dr bdtm ixhctirs wmik kiiì` dk tmi rispihtcvi ikocki. _mik tmi AJ@IH AJ@IH hdlljk`s cokctcdk, cokct cdk, jk COK ck`chjtcdk cs `cspfjyi` dk tmi K: tjpis ca tmi AJ@IH ìtihts 2=Q cs prisikt jt dki dr bdtm da tmi ixhctirs. _ctm tmi rispihtcvi RYK XPD^ buttdk ck tmi RYK pdsctcdk, tmi AJ@IH hdlljk`s cokctcdk ùrcko tmi adffdwcko ivikts7 P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? :. Bdtm cokctdrs wmik jcrbdrki wctm tmi oijr `dwk `dwk ﬎ (kdt dk tjeid ). 2. Bdtm cokctdrs cokctdrs wmik fdss da hdlbustcdk dr jk jbkdrljffy fdw ikocki spii` ìtihti`. 8. Bdtm cokctdrs wmik cokctcdk ljkujffy jhtcvjti`. jhtcvjti`. 0. Bdtm cokctdrs wmik jbkdrljffy rjpc` ikocki ìhifirjtcdk cs ìtihti`. 9. Bdtm cokctdrs cokctdrs wmik ckctcjtcko ckctcjtcko jk jcrbdrki stjrt ‘ wck`lcff dr dr stjrtir jsscsti`. 1. Dki cokctdr cokctdr ùrcko ikocki ikocki orduk` stjrt. stjrt. Acouri ?-3. COKCPCDK-LJKYJF Xwcthmfcomts _mik tmi swcthmfcomt cs cffulckjti` (ljkujf pdsctcdk), jk` tmi IKOCKI RYK/ XPD^ buttdks jri ck tmi RYK pdsctcdk, tmi cokctdrs jri ikiroczi` ljkujffy. IKOCKI XPJRP Xwcthmfcomts HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Pmi F jk` R IKOCKI XPJRP swcthmfcomts jk` @CXIKO swcthm jri dk tmi hiktir piìstjf, bifdw tmi tmrdttfi quj`rjkt. Ijhm cs j ldliktjry-hdktjht AJ@IH RIXIP Xwcthm swcthm (Acouri ?-:>). Pmi F jk` R AJ@IH RIXIP swcthm, dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif, jffd jffdw w AJ@IH AJ@IH ajufts td bi risit (Acouri ?-3). ûsm tmi swcthm td risit r isit tmi hdrrispdk`cko hdr rispdk`cko AJ@IH. AJ@IH. Pmi F jk` R IKOCKI XPJRP swcthmfcomts hdktrdf tmi hdrrispdk`cko ikocki stjrt rifjy wmik tmi ikockis jri kdt rukkcko. ^risscko ictmir swcthm ikiroczis tmi hdrrispdk`cko ikocki stjrt rifjy. F jk` R COKCPCDKLJKYJF Xwcthmfcomts Pmi F jk` R COKCPCDK-LJKYJF swcthmfcomts jri dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif, pjki f, ukìr tmi AJ@IH RIXIP swcthmfcomts (Acouri ?-3). _mik tmi swcthmfcomts jri kdt cffulckjti` (kdrljf pdsctcdk) tmi cokctcdk cs hdktrdffi` by tmi rispihtcvi ikocki AJ@IH td jutdljtchjffy ikiroczi cokctdrs js kihissjry. Acouri ?-:>. IKOCKI XPJR XPJRP P Xwcthmfcomt Xwcthmfcomts s ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-3 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Riair td Hmjptir 2‐‖Ifihtrchjf Xystils“ Xystil s“ adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. Pmi @CXIKO swcthm (stjrtir-`csikojoi) dpiks tmi stjrt rifjy. Pmcs ljy bi riqucri` ca tmi ikocki ajcfs td stjrt dr stjrt rifjy riljcks hfdsi` jatir ikocki rijhmis jpprdxcljtify 09% K2. ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P Acouri ?-::. IKOCKI RYK/XPJRP Xwcthmfcomts Pmrdttfis Pmi twd tmrdttfis jri dk tmi tmrdttfi quj`rjkt da tmi hiktir piìstjf (sii Acouri ?-=). Ijhm tmrdttfi hdktrdfs j ùjf-hdcf pdsctcdk siksdr, wmchm sik`s pcfdt hdlljk`s hdlljk`s td tmi AJ@IH. AJ@IH. fcomt cffulckjtis hyjk ck`chjtcko tmi stjrt rifjy mjs hfdsi` hdkkihtcko tmi mdt bjttiry bus pdwir td tmi stjrtir adr ikocki rdtjtcdk. Purbcki rpl (K2) biocks td ckhrijsi. @itikts jri C@FI, HRY (hrucsi), HFB (hfclb), jk` PD (tjeid﬎). Jff but C@FI C@FI jri `cspfjyi `cspfjyi` ` ck oriik dk tmi K: shjfi wmik tmi tmrdttfi cs jt tmjt ìtikt pdsctcdk. IKOCKI RYK/XPD^ Xwcthmfcomts Pmi IKOCKI RYK/XPD^ F‘R swcthmfcomts jri dk tmi hiktir piìstjf, jbdvi tmi tmrdttfi quj`rjkt. Ijhm cs j oujrì` pusmbuttdk swcthmfcomt swcthmfcomt tmjt fjthmis up adr XPD^ jk` `dwk adr RYK (Acouri ?-::). Pmi RYK pdsctcdk hdlljk`s hdllj k`s tmi AJ@IH td shmiùfi auif fldw jk` cokctcdk siquikhi bjsi` dk tmi dtmir ckputs td tmi AJ@IH. Pmi XPD^ pdsctcdk hdlljk`s tmi auif litircko vjfvi jk` A@Y smutd﬎ vjfvi hfdsi`. DÎRJPCDK Ikocki Xtjrt Bjttiry Xtjrt (Acrst Ikocki) Biadri stjrtcko tmi ikockis, pfjhi tmi F OIK jk` R OIK swcthmis cktd tmi up (DK) pdsctcdks. _ctmdut misctjtcdk fcat tmi oujr` jk` priss tmi jpprdprcjti IKOCKI RYK/XPD^ swcthmfcomt ‘ RYK cffulckjtis hyjk ck`chjti` fdoch cs ikjbfi`. Jt jbdut ::% K2 COK cs ck`chjti` kixt td tmi CPP shjfi jk` auif fldw cs ck`chjti` ‘ hyjk AYIF BDDXP ^YL^ DK lissjoi cs dk HJX. J rcsi ck CPP ck`chjtis fcomt-d﬎ (lust sii wctmck :> sihdk`s da auif fldw5 fldw5 dtmirwcsi, jbdrt jbdrt tmi stjrt). Ajk rpl smduf` rcsi sddk jatir fcomt-d﬎ (lust sii K: rcsi kd fjtir tmjk 29% K25 dtmirwcsi, jbdrt tmi stjrt). Jt jbdut 09% K2 tmi stjrtir siquikhi tirlckjtis (XPJRP swcthmfcomt ixtckoucsmis, hyjk AYIF BDDXP ^YL^ DK lissjoi odis jwjy, oikirjtdr hdlis dkfcki). Xtjrtir-Oikirjtdr Jsscsti` Xtjrtir-Oikirjtdr Xtjrt (Xihdk` Ikocki) Pmi sihdk` ikocki stjrt siquikhi cs tmi sjli ixhipt tmi dpirjtcko stjrtir-oikirjtdr jsscsts tmi bjttiry ck ck prdvc`cko prdvc`cko pdw pdwir ir td tmi stjrtir. Bdtm stjrt rifjys jri hfdsi` jffdwcko tmi dpirjtcko stjrtiroikirjtdr td jsscst ck ikiroczcko tmi dtmir stjrtir. Pmi bjttiry rifjy cs dpiki` `cshdkkihtcko tmi mdt bjttiry bus ardl tmi hrdssaii` bus ck drìr td prdtiht tmi hurrikt fclctirs. Ixtirkjf ^dwir Ykct Xtjrt ^fjhi tmi bjttiry swcthm td tmi DK pdsctcdk. Pmi bjttiry rifjy cs hfdsi` hdkkihtcko tmi mdt bjttiry bus td td tmi tmi hrdssaii` hrdssaii` bus. Pmi @H @H IFIH IFIH jk` jk` BJ BJPP ck`chjtcdks jppijr dk tmi LA@. Xtjrtcko tmi ﬊rst ikocki wctm jk I^Y hdkkihti` cs cìktchjf td j bjttiry stjrt. Pmi I^Y dkfy dkfy jsscsts tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt ‘ kdt tmi sihdk`. ^riss tmi jpprdprcjti IKOCKI XPJRPIR swcthmfcomt td jhtcvjti jhtcvjti tmi stjrt siquikhi. Pmi swcthm- ?-:> ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HDL^DKIKPX Jcr Xtjrts Ikocki stjrts ck afcomt utcfczi bjttiry pdwir dkfy. Pmi stjrt siquikhi cs tmi sjli js tmi ﬊rst ikocki stjrt dk tmi orduk`. _ck`lcffcko jcrstjrts `d kdt usi ifihtrchjf pdwir td tmi stjrtir-oikirjtdr. stjrtir-oikirj tdr. Riair td tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst ck tmi JAL adr prdpir prdhiùri jk` fclctjtcdks. fclctjtcdks. Jbkdrljf Hdk`ctcdks Hdk`ctcdks @jtj Hdkhiktrjtcdk Ykcts Pmi @HY rihicvis jkjfdo jk` `coctjf `jtj ardl vjrcdus sdurhis. Jkjfdo `jtj adr dcf prissuri jk` tilpirjturi jk` adr auif tilpirjturi cs hdkv hdkvirti` irti` td `coctjf scokjfs. Jff `jtj cs sikt td tmi LA@ vcj `coctjf `jtj busis. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Ikocki Ca tmi ikocki stjrt siquikhi ajcfs td tirlckjti, priss tmi @CXIKO swcthm dk tmi IKOCKI XPJRPIR pjkif. Pmcs `csikojois tmi hdrrispdk`cko stjrtir rifjy. IKOCKI CK@CHJPCKO XSXPIL Pmi ikocki ck`chjtcko systil (ICX) prisikts vjrcdus ikocki rifjti` ck`chjtcdks dk tmi uppir mjfa da LA@ : ukìr kdrljf sctujtcdks (Acouri ?-:2). K: (Ajk) Ck`chjtcdk K: cs tmi prcljry pcfdt tmrust ck`chjtdr adr tmi ikocki ldst da tmi tcli. Pmi ajk pirhiktjoi cs bjsi` dk ljxclul ljxclul rpl (:>>% < :1,81> rpl). Pmi K: scokjf cs suppfci` ardl j ldkdpdfi pcheup ck tmi hdlprissdr hjsi, kixt td tmi dcf ﬊ffir hjp. Pmi scokjf cs sikt si kt tmrduom tmi AJ@IH td tmi LA@. Pmi K: % `cspfjy hdkscsts da jk jkjfdo jk` `coctjf `cspfjy adr ijhm ikocki. K : cs `cspfjyi` dk j tjpi pdcktir `cspfjy `cspfjy js j pirhiktjoi pirhiktjoi da rpl (sii Acouri ?-0). Pmi `jtj cs jfsd `cspfjyi` `coctjffy bifdw tmi K: shjfi. KDPI • Pjpi/^dcktir jk` @coctjf Rij`dut wcff fljsm ri` adr 9 sihdk`s, tmik riljck stij`y ri`, ca dpirjtcko fclcts jri ixhiiì`. • _mcti Pjpi/^dcktir riprisik riprisikts ts Oriik bjk`. Xhjfi Ljreckos................Ri` Fcki..............:>0.=% R^L Pjpi/^dcktir jk` @coctjf Rij`dut....Ri`....R^L≩:>0.=% Pjpi/^dcktir....................._mcti.................≠:>0.?% ^RL @coctjf Rij`dut................Oriik.................≠:>0.?% ^RL Kdrljf K: rpl dpirjtcko rjkoi cs ck`chjti` by wmcti tjpis dk tmi jkjfdo ck`chjtcdks jk` oriik `cocts dk tmi `coctjf ck`chjtcdks. Dpirjtcdk biydk` fclcts cs ck`chjti` by jlbir dr ri` tjpis jk` `coctjf rij`duts. Acouri ?-:2. LA@ : @cspfjy ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-:: P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Cktirstjoi Purbcki Pilpirjturi KDPI _mik tmi R^L ck`chjtcdks ixhii` tmi kdrljf dpirjtcko rjkoi, tmi ck`chjtcdk ck`chjtcdkss fljsm adr 9 sihdk`s jk` tmik riturk td stij`y cffulckjtcdk. K: Ajk Buos ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P Dk tmi LA@ `cspfjy, tmi K: ajk (riairikhi) hdkscsts da ck`cvcùjf hyjk K: ajk buos dk ijhm K: shjfi. Pmi K: ajk `cspfjy cs jutdljtchjffy sit by tmi AJ@IH, bjsi` updk jlbcikt hdk`ctcdks. Pmiri cs kd pcfdt ckput, kdr jky pcfdt hdktrdf da tmi K : ajk `cspfjy. Pmi hyjk buo jppijrs wmik tmi ikocki rijhmis c`fi (orduk` dr flcomt). _mik K: spii` ljthmis tmi tjeid﬎ riairikhi buo, j oriik hmivrdk ripfjhis tmi hyjk buo. Pmi K: riairikhi buo cs kdrljffy hyjk. Ca ictmir AJ@IH hmjkkif ajcfs, tmi buo hmjkois td jlbir. K: @jtj Ajcfuri (K: Afjo) Dk tmi LA@ `cspfjy `cs pfjy,, tmi K : tjpi pdcktir cs rildvi` ca kd AJ@IH K: `jtj cs jvjcfjbfi. Pmi fiat AJ@IH AJ@IH jhtcvi hmjkkif suppfcis `jtj adr tmi fiat ck`chjtcdks, wmcfi tmi rcomt AJ@IH jhtcvi hmjkkif suppfcis `jtj adr tmi rcomt ck`chjtcdks. Riùk`jkhy cs prdvcì` by jutdljtch swcthmd swcthmdvir vir td tmi tmi dppdscti dppdscti hmjkkif ck tmi ivikt da jhtcvi hmjkkif ajcfuri. CPP adr tmi AG00-0J cs siksi` by scx hmrdli jfulif tmirldhdupfis ck tmi ikocki. Xcokjfs ardl dki mjfa da tmi prdbis jri jvirjoi` tdoitmir jk` ckput cktd tmi J hmjkkif da tmi AJ@IH. Xcokjfs ardl tmi dtmir mjfa da tmi prdbis jri jvirjoi` tdoitmir jk` ckput cktd tmi B hmjkkif. Pmi jvirjoi CPP `jtj ardl ijhm AJ@IH hmjkkif cs smjri` wctm tmi dtmir hmjkkif jk` tmi risuftcko jvirjoi cs sikt td tmi LA@ js tmi CPP ck`chjtcdk. CPP Kdrljf Dpirjtcdks Pmi CPP ojuoi ck`chjtis tmi tilpirjturi bitwiik tmi ﬊rst jk` sihdk` turbcki stjois ck ìoriis hiktcorjì. Pmi `cspfjy da CPP hdkscsts da jk jkjfdo shjfi jk` pdcktir adr ijhm ikocki. Pmi CPP pdcktir dkfy smdws wmik CPP cs jbdvi :>>¾H. Xhjfi rjkoi cs :>>¾ :,>9>¾H, wctm=9>, tche3>>, ljres jt 2>>, 0>>, 1>>, 19>, td ?>>, ?9>, =>>, 39>, :,>>>, jk` :,>9>¾H. Adur fckijr shjfi pdrtcdks ixcst, wctm shjfcko hmjkoi jbdvi 1>>¾H, =>>¾H, jk` hmjkocko jojck jbdvi 3>>¾H. CPP ljreckos jri js adffdw adffdws7 s7 Xhjfi ljrecko fclcts7 • Ri` fcki (rukkcko) .........=91¾H • Jlbir Jlbir.. .................=81¾‘=99¾H Ca jff sdurhis da K: mjvi ajcfi`, adur jlbir `jsmis jk` j ìhcljf pdckt `cspfjy adr tmi K :% `coctjf rij`dut dk tmi LA@/Â@ `cspfjys jk` tmi tjpi Pmi jkjfdo tjpi cs wmcti wmik dpirjtcko pdcktir `csjppijrs. `csjppijrs. ck tmi kdrljf CPP rjkoi. Pmrust Ldì Ck`chjtdr (PLC) Pmi jkjfdo tjpi jk` `coctjf `cspfjy riljcks wmcti adr 8 lckutis wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi jlbir rjkoi (=81¾‘=99¾H). Jatir 8 lckutis da hdktckudus dpirjtcdk ck tmi jlbir rjkoi, tmi tjpi turks jlbir. Jatir 9 lckutis da dpirjtcdk ck tmi jlbir rjkoi, tmi tjpi turks ri` jk` fljsmis adr 9 sihdk`s. Pmcs riprisikts tmi 9-lckuti fclct adr dpirjtcdk jbdvi =89¾H CPP CPP.. Pmrust ldì ck`chjtdrs jppijr dk tmi ckscì da tmi K: shjfi ljreckos dk tmi ICHJX. Pmi ck`chjtdrs hdrrispdk` td tmi tmrdttfi ìtikt sittckos js adffdws7 • PD‐Pjeid﬎ tmrust sittcko • HFB‐Hfclb tmrust sittcko • HRY‐Hrucsi tmrust sittcko KDPI Pmi ck`chjtdrs jri oriik wmik tmi tmrdttfis jri ck tmi hdrrispdk`cko ìtikt. ?-:2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Ikocki Xtjrt CPP @cspfjy Pmi CPP fclct adr ikocki stjrtcko cs `cspfjyi` js j ri` trcjkofi jt :,>>:¾H. _mik tmcs trcjkofi cs ck vciw, tmi kdrljf ri` jk` jlbir ljreckos `d kdt jppfy. Pmi jkjfdo tjpis jri wmcti wmik dpirjtcko cs tmi dkfy sdurhi adr tmi fiat fi at ikocki. Rcomt AJ@IH AJ@IH cs tmi dkfy sdurhi adr tmi rcomt ikocki. Dpirjtcdk Pmi ICHJX `cspfjy adrljt dk tmi LA@ cs kdrljffy kdr ljffy bifd bifdw tmi ri` stjrtjk` fclct. Ca adr tmi9fclct cs ixhiiì` tmi tjpiswturk fljsm sihdk`s. j auff-tcli ixpjkì` `cspfjy (sii Acouri ?-:2). ?- :2). Pmi `cspfjy hdkscsts da7 _mik tmi stjrt siquikhi cs hdlpfiti`, tmi ri` trcjkofi `csjppijrs ardl tmi `cspfjy jk` tmi kdrljf CPP fclcts jppfy. • K:‐Q ‐Qirtchjf irtchjf jkjfdo shjfis, ldvc ldvcko ko pdcktirs, `coctjf rij`duts, jk` jk` ajk buos. buos. P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? • PD‐Pjeid﬎ tmrust sittcko KDPI • HFB‐Hfclb tmrust sittcko CPP cs jffdwi` td ixhii` 3>>¾H adr j ljxclul da :9 sihdk`s ùrcko stjrt. Pmcs fclct cs kdt ck`chjti` dk tmi `cspfjy. `cspfjy. • HRY‐ HRY‐Hrucsi Hrucsi tmrust sittcko • CPP‐Q CPP‐Qirtchjf irtchjf jkjfdo shjfis jk` ldvcko pdcktirs. CPP @jtj Ajcfuri (CPP Afjo) • COK‐Fioik` jppijrs dk tmi tdp fiat dr rcomt scì da tmi CPP shjfi td ck`chjti Ca CPP `jtj ardl jff sdurhis cs ajcfi`, tmi CPP pdcktir cs rildvi` jk` jk jlbir AJCF fioik` cs wrcttik virtchjffy virtchjff y dutscì da tmi jssdhcjti` CPP shjfi. tmi fiat dr rcomt ikocki cokctcdk ixhctir bdxis. bdxis. K2 (Purbcki) Ck`chjtcdks • DCF ^XC‐Hdkscsts da auff-tcli auff-tcli jkjfdo shjfis jk` ldvcko pdcktirs. @cocts jppijr wmik prissuri kdt ck kdrljf rjkoi (ljy bi `cspfjyi` auff-tcli js jk dptcdk). Purbcki dr K2 hdlprissdr rpl cs suppfci` by tmi oijrbdx sihtcdk jk` cs `coctjffy `cspfjyi` ck pirhiktjoi da K2 rpl dk tmi LA@ jbdvi tmi dcf tilpirjturi jk` dcf prissuri prissuri tjpis. Pmi Pmi K2 ldkdpdfi pcheup prdùhis jk K2 scokjf prdpdrtcdkjf td K 2 bjsi` dk tmi auif auif pulp oijr smjat spii`. Pmi scokjf cs sikt tmrduom tmr duom tmi AJ@IH AJ@IH td tmi ICHJX dk LA@ dr Â@, wmiri ct cs<`cspfjyi` `coctjffy js jtmi pirhiktjoi da rpl (:>>% 8?,09> rpl). Pmi K2 `coctjf rij`dut cs oriik o riik wmik dpirjtcko ck tmi kdrljf rjkoi. _mik dpirjtcko ck tmi hjutcdk rjkoi, tmi rij`dut cs jlbir adr :2> sihdk`s jk` tmik turks ri`. • K2‐Bdx ‐Bdxi` i` `coctjf rij`duts. rij`duts. • DCF ¾H‐Hdkscsts ¾H‐Hdkscsts da auff-tcli jkjfdo shjfis jk` ldvcko pdcktirs. @cocts jppijr wmik prissuri kdt ck kdrljf rjkoi (ljy bi `cspfjyi` auff-tcli js jk dptcdk). • AYIF ¾H‐@coctjf rij`dut da tilpirjturi ck ijhm wcko tjke. • AYIF ^^M‐@coctjf rij`dut da auif fldw adr ijhm ikocki. • AYIF ZPS FBX‐@coctjf FBX‐@coctjf rij`dut adr ijhm tjke. KDPI Pmi `coctjf rij`dut fljsmis ri` adr 9 sihdk`s, tmik riljcks stij`y ri`, ca dpirjtcko fclcts jri ixhiiì`. KDPI Adur jlbir `jsmis jk` j ìhcljf pdckt jri `cs- Ca ictmir LA@ dr Â@ ajcfs, a jcfs, tmi rivirscdkjry swcthm cs usi` td `cspfjy j hdlbcki` LA@/Â@ dk tmi dpirjtcdkjf `cspfjy. Ikocki jk` kjvcojtcdk `cspfjys bihdli hdlprissi` dk tmi hdlbcki` `cspfjy.. Riair td Hmjptir :1‐‖ pfjy :1‐‖J Jvcdkchs“ adr ldri pfjyi` pfjy i` ca jff jff sdurhis da K2 jri ajcfi`. Fiat AJ@IH ckadrljtcdk. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-:8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pmi `jtj sdurhis adr K :, K2, jk` CPP jri tmi AJ@IHs. Pmi fiat ikocki AJ@IH jhtcvi hmjkkif suppfcis `jtj adr tmi fiat ikocki ck`chjtcdks, wmcfi tmi rcomt ikocki AJ@IH jhtcvi hmjkkif suppfcis `jtj adr tmi rcomt ikocki ck`chjtc ck`chjtcdks. dks. Adr riùk`jkhy, ca jk jhtcvi hmjkkif ajcfs, tmi j﬎ihti` AJ@IH jutdljtchjffy swcthmis dvir td tmi dppdscti hmjkkif. ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P FCLCPJPCDKX Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks jk` prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJjpprdvi` Jcrpfjki Afcomt Ljkujf ( JAL). ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk iliroikhy/jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. ?-:0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi ?-:. HJX Lissjois LIXXJOI IKOCKI AJCFI@ F-R @IXHRC^PCDK Pmcs lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX ca K2 mjs `rdppi` bifdw c`fi spii` wmik hdrrispdk`cko IKOCKI RYK/XPD^ swcthmfcomt cs pusmi` (RYK pdsctcdk) jk` jk ikocki stjrt cs kdt ck prdoriss. _mik tmisi hdk`ctcdks ixcst, j Y-smjpi` jlbir ck`chjtdr jfsd cffulckjtis jrduk` tmi RYK/XPD^ buttdk adr tmi jaaihti` ikocki. Pmcs jsscsts tmi pcfdt ck fdhjtcko tmi hdrriht RYK/XPD^ buttdk td hdlpfiti tmi Iliroikhy hmihefcst prdhiùri. Pmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd 󿬂jsm jk` jk jurjf jfirt cs mijr`. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. DCF ^RIXXYRI FD_ F-R Pmcs lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX wmik tmi dcf prissuri cs bifdw lckcluls. Pmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd 󿬂jsm jk` jk jurjf jfirt cs mijr`. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. IKOCKI HPRF XSX AJYFP F-R Pmcs lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX wmik tmi AJ@IH ìtihts j ajuft dr j hmjkkif ajcfuri. Pmcs lissjoi cs ckmcbcti` dk tmi orduk` wctm tmrdttfis ck tmi PD ìtikt jk` wmik jcrbdrki wctm tmi oijr `dwk. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. AYIF ACFPIR BS^JXX F-R Pmcs lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX wmik tmi auif 󿬊ftir clpik`cko bypjss swcthm mjs fjthmi` ùi td jk ckhrijsi ck prissuri biydk` tmi ì󿬊ki` fclcts. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. DCF ACFPIR BS^JXX F-R Pmcs lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX wmik tmi dcf 󿬊ftir clpik`cko bypjss swcthm mjs fjthmi` ùi td jk ckhrijsi ck prissuri biydk` tmi ì󿬊ki` fclcts. Pmi lissjoi riljcks `cspfjyi` uktcf tmi swcthm mjs biik ljkujffy risit. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS ?-:9 P K J F ^ R I _ D ^ ? HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX :._mjt risufts ca tmi pcfdt ìprissis tmi COKCPCDK‘LJKYJF buttdk4 1. J. Hdlljk`s dki cokctdr ? ^ D _ I R ^ F J K P B. H. Hdlljk`s Hdlljk`s bdtm bdtmcokctdrs cokctdrs dk tmi orduk` dkfy, kd ljkujf aukhtcdk ck flcomt @. Hdlljk`s dki cokctdr dkfy ck flcomt B. cs cksiquikhi RYK hi RYK H. RYK/XPD^ Ikocki cs kdtswcthm ck j stjrt siquik @. Jff da tmi jbdvi ?. 2. Pmi DCF ACFPIR BS^ BS^JXX JXX lissjoi ck`chjtis7 J. Jcrhrjat cs ordukì` jk` ljcktikjkhi cs riqucri` B. Jcrhrjat ljy bi fldwk adr up td 9 mdurs da flcomt jatir tmi HJX lissjoi jppijrs H. Ckadrljtcvi lissjoi risits risits wctm wctm j kdrljf @H pdwir hyhfi @. Lissjoi ljy bi hjkhifi` jatir prisscko AJ@IH risit buttdks 8. Pmi fclctjtcdks fclctjtcdks adr tmi ikocki dcf adr tmi HG0 jri7 J. Dkfy usi Ldbcf GIP CC dr Ldbcf 290 290 B. Jpprdvi` dcfs ljy ljy bi lcxi` H. Dcf lust lust bi hmihei` hmihei` ùrcko ùrcko pri jk` pdst flcomt ckspihtcdks @. Jff da tmi jbdvi jbdvi 0. ^risscko tmi IKOCKI XP XPJRPIR JRPIR swcthmfcomt7 J. Hdlljk`s dkfy dkfy tmi ikocki stjrtir B. Hdlljk`s tmi ikocki ikocki stjrtir jk` cokctcdk H. Hdlljk`s tmi ikocki ikocki stjrtir, cokctcdk cokctcdk jk` j`` auif fldw @. Hdlljk`s tmi ikocki stjrtir, stjrtir, cokctcdk, auif fldw jk` ^LJ =. _mjt jhtcvjtis cokctcdk cokctcdk ùrcko j kdrljf ikocki stjrt4 jhtcvjtis J. RYK/XPD^ swcthm B. ^cfdt hdktrdffi hdktrdffi` ` COKCPCDK‘ COKCPCDK‘LJKYJF LJKYJF swcthm H. IKOCKI XP XPJRPIR JRPIR swcthmfcomt @. Ldvcko tmi tmrdttfi ardl DAA td C@FI pdsctcdk _miri jri tmi dcf tilp jk` jk` dcf prissuri prissuri ck`chjtcdks kdrljffy `cspfjyi` ck flcomt4 J. B. H. @. 9. J ri` IKOCKI AJCFI@ F‘R lissjoi ck`chjtis7 J. K2 cs bifdw c`fi Â@ : Â@ 2 LA@ : LA@ 2 _mjt kdrljffy pdwirs pdwirs AJ@IH AJ@IH ck flcomt4 J. B. H. @. ?-:1 Mdt bjttiry bus Hrdssaii` bus Hdkvirti` bus ^LJs ck tmi A@Y ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR = ACRI ^RDPIHPCDK HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. =-: OIKIRJF ............................................................................................................................ =-: IKOCKI ACRI ^RDPIHPCDK XSXPIL........................... ....................................................... .................................................. ...................... =-2 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... =-2 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... =-2 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. =-8 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ =-8 BJOOJOI XLDEI @IPIHPCDK XSXPIL ..................................................................... =-0 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... =-0 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... =-0 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ =-0 HJBCK ACRI ^RDPIHPCDK XSXPIL ............................................................................... =-0 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... =-0 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... =-0 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ =-0 FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ =-9 ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................... =-9 ZYIXPCDKX ......................................................................................................................... =-? ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS =-c K CD P H I P D R ^ I R C A = HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF = A CR I ^ R D P I H P CD K FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE =-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi =-:. Ikocki Acri ^rdtihtcdk Xystil .................................................................................... =-2 ........................................................ ................................ ... =-8 =-2. IKO Acri jk` BDPPFI JRLI@ Xwcthmfcomts........................... =-8. ^drtjbfi Acri Ixtckoucsmir ........................................................................................... =-0 PJBFIX Pjbfi Pctfi ^joi ?-:. HJX Lissjois ............................................................................................................. =-1 K CD P H I P D R ^ I R C A = ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS =-ccc HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF = A CR I ^ R D P I H P CD K FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE =-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR = ACRI ^RDPIHPCDK K CD P H I P D R ^ I R C A = CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs hmjptir ìshrcbis tmi ﬊ri prdtihtcdk systils dk tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Pmi systils ckhfuì ﬊ri prdtihtcdk prdtihtcd k adr tmi ikocki, ikocki, bjoojoi bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt, hdlpjrtlikt, jk` tmi cktircdr cktircdr da tmi tmi jcrhrjat. OIKIRJF Pmi ikocki ﬊ri prdtihtcdk systil adr tmi HG0 jcrhrjat ìtihts jk` ixtckoucsmis ﬊ris ck tmi kjhiffi jrijs. Pmi systil utcfczis dki ﬊ri bdttfi hmjroi` wctm ixtckoucsmcko joikt, prissurczi` wctm kctrdoik, jk` `cshmjroi` by ifihtrchjffy jhtcvjti` squcbs. Pmi bdttfi cs jrli` jk` jhtcvjti` ljkujffy ardl tmi hdhepct. Pmi bjoojoi sldei ìtihtcdk systil ìtihts sldei dr mcom tilpirjturis ck tmi adrwjr` jk` jat bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikts. hdlpjrtlikts. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS =-: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF IKOCKI ACRI ^RDPIHPCDK XSXPIL HDL^DKIKPX Ikocki Acri Fddp @IXHRC^PCDK _ctmck ijhm ikocki kjhiffi cs j mijt-sikscko fddp. Pmi fddps jri flixcbfi stjckfiss stiif tubis hdktjck- Pmi ikocki ﬊ri prdtihtcdk systil ldkctdrs tilpirjturis ck ijhm ijhm ikocki kjhiffi kjhiffi (Acouri (Acouri =-:). Pmi systil utcfczis dki ﬊ri bdttfi ck tmi tjcfhdki jrij. Ca j mcom-tilpirjturi ardl j ﬊ri dr bfii` jcr fije cs ìtihti`, tmi hriw cs jfirti` by swcthmfcomts jk` HJX lissjois dk tmi ckstrulikt pjkif. Pmi systil riqucris kdrljf dr hdkvirti` `h pdwir td dpirjti. cko ckirt ojs. Pmitmjt ìtihtdr hdktrdf ukcts dki jk prissuri swcthm cs hdkkihti` td tmihdktjck ik` da ijhm tubi. _mik j ﬊ri dr dvirmijt hdk`ctcdk mijts tmi fddps, tmi ojs prissuri ck tmi fddps cs ckhrijsi`. Pmcs hjusis tmi prissuri swcthmis td hfdsi jk` tmi ìtihtcdk hdktrdf ukcts td cffulckjti tmi ri` F dr R IKO ACRI swcthmfco swcthmfcomt mt dk tmi ckstrulikt pjkif. FIOIK@ ACRI @IPIHPCDK FDD^X FIAP @CXHMJROI RCOMP @CXHMJROI = A CR I ^ R D P I H P CD K ACRI FDD^ ACRI FDD^ RIFCIA/ACFF ^DRP ^ ^ ^ ^ BDPPFI ^ PILÎRJPYRI HDLÎKXJPI@ ^RIXXYRI X_CPHM (PH^X) (2:>¾ A) Acouri =-:. Ikocki Acri ^rdtihtcdk Xystil =-2 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pmi hdrrispdk`cko ri` IKOCKI ACRI F dr R HJX lissjoi jfsd jppijrs. _mcti BDPPFI JRLI@ Xwcthmfcomts _mik tmi prissuri ìhrijsis, tmi prissuri swcthmis dpik jk` tmi hdktrdf ukcts ixtckoucsm tmi jpprdprcjti IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt jk` HJX lissjoi. J wmcti BDPPFI JRLI@ swcthmfcomt cs bifdw ijhm ri` IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt ukìr tmi hiktir ofjrismcif` (Acouri =-2). Acri-Ixtckoucsmcko Acri-Ixtck oucsmcko Bdttfi Pmi ﬊ri ixtckoucsmcko bdttfi ck tmi tjcfhdki hdktjcks j hmjroi da Mjfdk :8>:. Pmi bdttfi hjk rifijsi ixtckoucsmcko joikt td ictmir ikocki wmik kiiì`. Pmi bdttfi hdkscsts da j rifcia/﬊ff pdrt, twd squcb vjfvis, jk` j tilpirjturi hdlpiksjti` prissuri swcthm (PH^X). Ca tmi prissuri da tmi bdttfi rcsis jbdvi jbdvi :,?3> psco, tmi PH^X `cshmjrois tmi bdttfi tmrduom tmi rifcia/ ﬊ff pdrt. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Ri` F jk` R IKO ACRI Xwcthmfcomts Pmi oujrì` ri` F jk` R IKO ACRI swcthmfcomts swcthmfcomts jri ukìr tmi hiktir ofjrismcif` (Acouri =-2). Pmi swcthmfcomts cffulckjti wmik jk ixhisscvify mcom tilpirjturi cs prisikt ck ictmir ikocki kjhiffi. Pmi jpprdprcjti IKOCKI ACRI HJX lissjoi jppijrs, LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts fljsm, jk` jk jurjf jfirt cs mijr`. _mik tmi oujr` cs fcati` jk` tmi cffulckjti` swcthmfcomt cs pusmi`, tmi adffdwcko dhhurs7 • Rispihtcvi ikocki auif jk` my`rjufch ﬊riwjff smutd﬎ vjfvis hfdsi • Rispihtcvi oikirjtdr ﬊if` cs `csjbfi` • • Acri bdttfi cs jrli`, ck`chjti` by tmi rispihtcvi BDPPFI JRLI@ swcthmfcomt cffulckjtcko stij`y • Pmi jpprdprcjti HJX lissjois jppijr ûsmcko tmi swcthmfcomt j sihdk` tcli ridpiks tmi jpprdprcjti vjfvis jk` ixtckoucsmis tmi rispihtcvi HJX lissjois. Pmi oikirjtdrs lust bi ljkujffy risit. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Acouri =-2. IKO Acri jk` BDPPFI JRLI@ Xwcthmfcomts _mik ictmir IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt cs pusmi`, tmi hdrrispdk`cko BDPPFI B DPPFI JRLI@ swcthmfcomt cffulckjtis ck`chjtcko ck`chjtcko tmi ﬊ri bdttfi cs jrli`. ûsmcko tmi cffulckjti` swcthmfcomt rifijsis tmi ixtckoucsmcko joikt cktd tmi rispihtcvi ikocki kjhiffi. Jatir tmiixtckoucsmis, ixtckoucsmckock`chjtcko joikt cs rifijsi`, tmi swcthmfcomt tmi ﬊ri bdttfi cs ilpty ilpty jk` cs kd fdkoir fdkoir jvjcfjbfi jvjcfjbfi adr adr usi. DÎRJPCDK _mik tmi IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt dr IKOCKI ACRI lissjoi cs jkkdukhi`, ritjr` tmi j ﬎ihti` tmrdttfi td C@FI (ljy ìfjy sdli ca dk tjeid ﬎) ‘ tmik wjct :9 sihdk sihdk`s. `s. Hjkhi Hjkhiff tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO fcomt js sddk js aijscbfi. Ca tmi ﬊ri ck`chjtcdks ck`chj tcdks od dut biadri biadr i :9 sihdk`s, ct–s viry pdsscbfi tmiri wjs j bfii` fije ‘ mdt jcr rijhmcko tmi ﬊ri fddp. Fijvi tmi tmrdttfi jt C@FI jk` hmihe tmi ﬊ri wjrkcko by usi da XSXPIL PIXP. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS =-8 K CD P H I P D R ^ I R C A = HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Ca j odd` tist risufts, tmi prdbfil pr dbfil wjs j bfii` fije. Ca j bj` tist risufts, jssuli tmi ﬊ri cs stcff jhtcvi. jhtcvi. Ca tmi ﬊ri ck`chjtcdks riljcki` jatir tmi ﬊rst :9 sihdk`s, fcat tmi hdvir jk` priss tmi j ﬎ihti` IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt jk` wjct jkdtmir :9 sihdk`s. Ca @IXHRC^PCDK tmi ﬊ri ck`chjtcdk hdktckuis, priss tmi cffulckjti` wmcti BDPPFI JRLI@ swcthmfcomt. Jky tcli tmi ﬊ri ck`chjtcdks od dut, tist tmi systil. Pwd mjk`-mif` ﬊ri-ixtckoucsmirs jri dkbdjr` adr cktircdr ﬊ri prdtihtcdk. Dki ck tmi hdhepct jk` dki ck tmi jat jrij da tmi hjbck. BJOOJOI XLDEI @IPIHPCDK XSXPIL HDL^DKIKPX ^drtjbfi Acri Ixtckoucsmirs Pmi HG0 cs iqucppi` wctm sldei ìtihtdrs ck bdtm tmi adrwjr` jk` jat bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikts. Pmi ìtihtdrs ldkctdr tmi bjoojoi jrijs adr ck`chjtcdks Pmi twd pdrtjbfi mjk`-mif` ﬊ri ixtckoucsmirs jri j Mjfdk Pypi Pypi :2:: ixtckoucsmir jk` jk ` rjti` adr hfjss J, B, jk` H ﬊ris. Dki ﬊ri ixtckoucsmir cs ck tmi jat hjbck, adrwjr` da tmi fiat jat hjbck wjff. Pmi dtmir ixtckoucsmir cs ck tmi hdhepct, dk tmi flddr td tmi fiat scì da tmi hdpcfdt sijt (Acouri =-8). Bdtm ixtck- da sldei dr mcom tilpirjturi. oucsmirs jri ldukti` ck quche-rifijsi brjheits. @IXHRC^PCDK = A CR I ^ R D P I H P CD K HJBCK ACRI ^RDPIHPCDK XSXPIL HDL^DKIKPX Xldei @itihtdr J ùjf wjvifikotm sldei ìtihtdr cs dvirmij` ck bdtm tmi adrwjr` jk` jat bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikts. Xldei cs ìtihti` by riflihtcko pufsjtcko ri` jk` bfui FI@s d﬎ j lcrrdr td j pmdtd`cdì. Pmi sldei ìtihtdrs riqucri kdrljf dr hdkvirti` @H ifihtrchjf pdwir ardl tmi BJOOJOI BJOOJOI XLDEI @IPIHP hcrhuct brijeir dk tmi rcomt G-Bdx ck tmi tjcfhdki. J tilpirjturi siksdr, wctmck tmi ìtihtdr, ìti htdr, prdvcìs dvirmijt prdtihtcdk. J fljsmcko oriik fcomt dk tmi bdttdl da ijhm ijhm sldei sldei ìtihtdr ck`chjtis tmi ìtihtdr cs dpirjtcdkjf. Acouri =-8. ^drtjbfi Acri Ixtckoucsmi Ixtckoucsmirr DÎRJPCDK DÎRJPCDK _mik sldei cs prisikt, prisikt , tmi hdfdri` fcomtwjvis jri ckìpikìktfy shjttiri` jk` tmi pmdtd`cdì ldkctdrs tmi rjtcd da tmi shjttir. Ca tmi rjtcd cs jbdvi j sit fivif, tmi ri` BJOOJOI XLDEI A_@ dr JAP HJX lissjoi jppijrs, tmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts fljsm, jk` jk jurjf jfirt cs mijr`. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Ca sldei dr ﬊ri cs prisikt, clli`cjtify `dk dxyoik ljses jk` sit dxyoik td :>>%. Iksuri tmjt pjssikoirs mjvi suppfiliktjf dxyoik, ca jppfchjbfi. Rildvi ixtckoucsmir ardl quche-rifijsi brjheit jk` mdf` tmi ixtckoucsmir uprcomt. Yscko tmi jttjhmi` rcko, puff tmi pck ardl tmi ixtckoucsmir. Xquiizi tmi mjk`fis da tmi ixtckoucsmir tdoitmir td rifijsi tmi ixtckoucsmcko joikt. Xprjy tmi ixtckoucsmcko joikt uscko j scì-td-scì ldtcdk =-0 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF wmcfi jclcko jt tmi bjsi da tmi ﬊ri. Jkytcli tmi ixtckoucsmir cs usi`, ivik pjrtcjffy, pjrtcjffy, ljcktikjkhi cs riqucri` biadri aurtmir `cspjthm. FCLCPJPCDKX Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks jk` prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJjpprdvi` Jcrpfjki Afcomt Ljkujf (JAL). ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk iliroikhy/jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. K CD P H I P D R ^ I R C A = ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS =-9 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi ?-:. HJX Lissjois LIXXJOI BJOOJOI XLDEI A_@-JAP @IXHRC^PCDK Ck`chjtis wmik tmi sldei ìtihtdr siksis sldei, tmi tilpirjturi rijhmis :>>¾H (2:2¾A), dr j ajuft cs ìtihti` ck tmi jpprdprcjti bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt. Pmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd 󿬂jsm jk` jk jurjf jfirt cs mijr`. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. IKOCKI ACRI Ck`chjtis wmik jk ixhisscvi mcom tilpirjturi hdk`ctcdk cs siksi` by tmi ìtihtcdk hdktrdf ukcts. Pmi LJXPIR _JRKCKO RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd 󿬂jsm jk` jk jurjf jfirt cs mijr`. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. @H OIKIRJPDR DAA F-R Ck`chjtis wmik jk IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt cs pusmi` td stdp j 󿬊ri. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti. Pmcs ck`chjtis tmjt tmi hdrrispdk`cko oikirjtdr 󿬊if` cs `cshdkkihti`. IKOCKI ACRI BDPPFI FD_ Ck`chjtis tmi bdttfi prissuri mjs `rdppi` wctmdut tmi bdttfi bicko usi`. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. IKO ACRI BDPPFI FD_ Ck`chjtis wmik tmi 󿬊ri bdttfi prissuri cs bifdw 3>% da tmi kdrljf dpirjtcko prissuri jk` tmi bdttfi wjs jhtcvjti` by tmi pcfdt. AYIF A/_ XMYPDAA F‘R Ck`chjtis wmik jk IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt cs pusmi` td stdp j 󿬊ri jk` tmi hdrrispdk`cko auif smutdaa vjfvi mjs hfdsi`. MS@ A/_ XMYPDAA F‘R Ck`chjtis wmik jk IKO ACRI swcthmfcomt cs pusmi` td stdp j 󿬊ri jk` tmi hdrrispdk`cko my`rjufch smutdaa vjfvi mjs hfdsi`. = A CR I ^ R D P I H P CD K =-1 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX :. Ca tmi ﬊ri bdttfi wjs usi`, jhtcvjti` by tmi pcfdt, wmjt HJX lissjoi wduf` j`vcsi tmi pcfdt da tmjt jhtcdk4 jhtcdk4 9. J. Hyjk AYIF A/_ XMYPDAA XMYPDAA lissjoi jppijrs B. Hyjk MS@ A/_ XMYPDAA lissjoi jppijrs H. Jlbir @H OIKIRJPDR lissjoi jppijrs @. Jff da tmi jbdvi J. Hyjk IKO ACRI BDPPFI BDPPFI FD_ FD_ B. Jlbir IKO ACRI BDPPFI BDPPFI FD_ FD_ H. Kd HJX lissjoi, tmi dkscì BDPPFI JRLI@ swcthmfcomt ixtckoucsmis, tmi dtmir BDPPFI JRLI@ swcthmfcomt riljcks cffulckjti` @. Kd lissjois jri ck`chjti`‘p ck`chjti`‘pcfdt cfdt jhtcdk J fljsmcko oriik fcomt dk tmi bdttdl da tmi adrwjr` bjoojoi sldei ìtihtdr ck`chjtis7 _mjt wduf` risuft ca tmi prissur prissurii ck tmi AcriIxtckoucsmcko Ixtckoucsmck o Bdttfi ck tmi tjcfhdki ckhrijsis tdd mcom ùi td tilpirjturi4 J. Bjttiry ck tmi sldei ìtihtdr ìtihtdr cs bj` (fdw vdftjoi) jk` kii`s td bi ripfjhi` wctm j 3 Q@H bjttiry ardl Hisskj B. @itihtdr cs dpirjtcdkjf, kdrljf J. Pmi bdttfi bdttfi bursts jk` jk` tmi hyjk hyjk IKO ACRI BDPPFI FD_ lissjoi jppijrs. B. Pmi bdttfi `cshmjrois cktd tmi ikocki jk` tmi ri` IKOCKI ACRI F‘R lissjoi H. @itihtdr cs kdt rihicvcko j hmjroi jk` riqucris tmi XLDEI @IPIHPDR swcthm td bi pfjhi ck ILIR @. @itihtdr cs sikscko j yiffdw riarjht riarjhtcdk cdk ck riflihtcvcty wctm tmi pufsjtcko bfui FI@ jppijrs. H. Pmi tilpirjturi tilpirjturi hdlpiksjti` hdlpiksjti` prissuri prissuri swcthm (PH^X) `cshmjrois tmi bdttfi jk` tmi hyjk IKO ACRI BDPPFI B DPPFI FD_ FD_ lissjoi jppijrs. @. Pmi tilpirjturi tilpirjturi hdlpiksjti` prissuri swcthm (PH^X) `cshmjrois tmi bdttfi jk` tmi jlbir IKO ACRI BDPPFI FD_ lissjoi jppijrs. 1. 2. 8. _mjt HJX `cspfjys `cspfjys ca j ﬊ri bdttfi bdttfi cs jrli` (IKO ACRI swcthmfc swcthmfcomt omt cs pusmi`)4 J ri` IKO ACRI ACRI F‘R lissjoi lissjoi ck`chjtis7 J. Ixhisscvify mcom tilpirjtur tilpirjturii cs siksi` ck tmi ikocki burkir hjk B. Ixhisscvify mcom tilpirjtur tilpirjturii cs siksi` ck tmi ikocki ixmjust H. Ixhisscvify mcom tilpirjtur tilpirjturii cs siksi` ck tmi ikocki hdwfcko @. Ixhisscvify mcom tilpirjtur tilpirjturii cs siksi` ck tmi ikocki cktjei 0. _mjt lissjoi `cspfjys ca j ﬊ri dhhurs ck tmi kdsi bjoojoi hdlpjrtlikt4 J. B. H. @. Jlbir BJ BJOOJOI OOJOI XLDEI A_@ Ri` BJ BJOOJOI OOJOI XLDEI Ri` BJ BJOOJOI OOJOI XLDEI A_@ Jlbir BJ BJOOJOI OOJOI XLDEI ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS =-? K CD P H I P D R ^ I R C A = HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF = A CR I ^ R D P I H P CD K FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE =-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 3 ^KIYLJPCHX HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ................................................................................................................. 3-: OIKIRJF ............................................................................................................................. 3-: BFII@ JCR HDKPRDF XSXPIL ...................................................................................... 3-2 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 3-2 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 3-2 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 3-2 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ 3-0 XIRQCHI XIR QCHI JCR XSXPIL ........................ ..................................................... ......................................................... .................................................. ...................... 3-0 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 3-0 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................... 3-0 Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ 3-0 FIJE @IPIHPCDK XSXPIL ............................................................................................. 3-9 @ishrcptcdk ..................................................................................................................... 3-9 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks ................................................................................................. 3-9 X CH P J Dpirjtcdk ........................................................................................................................ 3-= L Y I K ^ 3 FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX.......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ 3-= ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF ............................................................................................... 3-= ZYIXPCDKX ....................................................................................................................... 3-:> ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 3-c HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X 3-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi 3-:. CHI ^RDPIHPCDK ^jkif............................................................................................ 3-2 3-2. JCR XDYRHI XIFIHP Xwcthm .................................................................................. 3-2 3-8. ^kiuljtch Xystil @cjorjl ......................................................................................... 3-8 3-0. Xirvchi Jcr Xystil ...................................................................................................... 3-9 3-9. ^yfdk Fije @itihtcdk Fddp ......................................................................................... 3-1 3-1. Dvirwcko Fije @itihtcdk Fddp .................................................................................. 3-1 3-?. Pjcfhdki Fije @itihtcdk Fddp ..................................................................................... 3-? 3-=. Fije @itihtcdk Xystil ................................................................................................ 3-= PJBFIX Pjbfi Pctfi ^joi 3-:. HJX Lissjois ............................................................................................................. 3-3 X CH P J L Y I K ^ 3 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 3-ccc HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X 3-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR 3 ^KIYLJPCHX CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmcs hmjptir ìshrcbis tmi pkiuljtch systil dk tmi HG0 jcrhrjat. Pmi pkiuljtch systil rdutis bfii` jcr ardl tmi ikockis td tmi jcrhrjat systils tmjt utcfczi pkiuljtchs adr mijtcko, hddfcko, prissurczjtcdk, prissurc zjtcdk, ru`ìr bcjs, bcjs, sirvchi sirvchi jcr jcr,, jk` jktc-ch jktc-chi. i. Pmcs hmjptir prd prdvcìs vcìs j brcia brcia dvirvci dvirvciw w da ijhm systil wctm riairikhis adr j``ctcdkjf ckadrljtcdk jvjcfjbfi ck ijhm rispihtcvi hmjptir. OIKIRJF Pmi pkiuljtch systil utcfczis twd bfii` jcr hdktrdf systils td ixtrjht mdt mcom-prissuri bfii` jcr ardl ijhm ikocki jt sipjrjti fdhjtcdks5 dki adr tmi ikvcrdkliktjf hdktrdf systil (IHX) jk` dki adr tmi jktc-chi systil. Pmcs prdvcìs jk ckìpikìkt lijks da rioufjtcko bdtm tilpirjturi jk` prissuri adr usi ck tmi bfii` jcr systils. Pmi bfii` jcr fije ìtihtcdk systil prdvcìs adr tmi cìktc﬊hjtcdk da jk dvirtilpirjturi hdk`ctcdk ck tmi jrijs da tmi tjcfhdki, pyfdk, jk` dvir tmi wcko. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 3-: X CH P J L Y I K ^ 3 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF BFII@ JCR HDKPRDF XSXPIL XDYRHI Ekdb Pmi XDYRHI ekdb cs dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif dk tmi ^RIXXYRCWJPCDK pjkif. Ct prdvcìs jutdljtch @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi pkiuljtch bfii` jcr hdktrdf systils suppfy bfii` jcr td tmi IHX jk` jktc-chi systil (Acouri 3-8). Pmi bfii` jcr cs rioufjti` by tmi prissuri rioufjtcko smutd﬎ vjfvis (^RXDQs). HDL^DKIKPX IHX ^rissuri Rioufjtcko Xmutdaa Qjfvis Pmi IHX ^RXDQs ck tmi kjhiffis jri ifihtrchjffy hdktrdffi` but pkiuljtchjffy jhtujti`. Pmi vjfvis jri dpirjti` by tmi XDYRHI ekdb dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif. Pmi vjfvis usi ldùfjti` upstrijl prissuri td rioufjti tmi `dwkstrijl prissuri. Ca ifihtrchjf pdwir cs fdst, tmi vjfvis jri `rcvik dpik by tmi upstrijl prissuri. _cko Jktc-Chi ^rissuri Rioufjtcko Xmutdaa Qjfvis 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX Pmi wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs ck tmi kjhiffis dk tmi bdttdl scì da tmi ikocki jri pkiuljtchjffy hdktrdffi` jk` ifihtrchjffy jhtujti`. Pmi vjfvi cs dpirjti` by tmi _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI F‘R swcthmfcomts dk tmi fiat-hiktir tcft pjkif (Acouri jk` ljkujf dajcrhrjat. tmi IHX ^RXDQs suppfcko ikocki bfii`hdktrdf jcr td tmi jcrhr jat. Pmi XDYRHI ekdb mjs tmi adffdwcko pdsctcdks (Acouri 3-2)7 KDRL‐Jffdws jutdljtch hdktrdf da tmi hdk`cKDRL‐Jffdws tcdki` bfii` jcr jt j priìtirlcki` tilpirjturi rjkoi td iktir tmi jcrhrjat. F dr R‐_mik ictmir pdsctcdk cs sifihti` sifihti`,, tmi dppdscti IHX ^RXDQ cs hfdsi`. _mik ck tmi F pdsctcdk, bfii` jcr cs suppfci` td tmi hdhepct ardl tmi fiat ikocki. _mik ck tmi R pdsctcdk, bfii` jcr cs suppfci` td tmi hdhep hdhepct ct jk` hjbck ardl tmi rcomt ikoc ikocki. ki. DAA‐Bdtm IHX ^RXDQs jri hfdsi`. Pmcs smuts d﬎ tmi fldw da bfii` jcr cktd tmi hjbck jk` hdhepct. ARIXM JCR‐Bdtm JCR‐Bdtm IHX ^RXDQs ^RXDQs jri hfdsi`. Pmcs pdsctcdk turks dk j arism jcr bfdw bfdwir ir wmchm mifps puff dutscì jcr cktd tmi jcrhrjat tmrduom tmi rcomt pyfdk rjl jcr ckfit. CHI ^RDPIHPCDK ^jkif Xdli da tmi CHI ^RDPIHPCDK swcthmfcomts hdktrdf ikocki bfii` jcr td jktc-chi jk` ì-chi systils. 3-:). Pmi vjfvis usi ldùfjti` upstrijl prissuri td rioufjti tmi `dwkstrijl prissuri td :1 psc. Ca ifihtrchjf pdwir cs fdst, tmi vjfvis jri `rcvik dpik by tmi upstrijl prissuri. Acouri 3-2. JCR XDYRHI XIFIHP Xwcthm Acouri 3-:. CHI ^RDPIHPCDK ^jkif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l j r o j c @ l i t s y X h ct j l u i k ^ . -8 3 i r u o c A L Y I K ^ 3 @X I P ^ I ^ F DP RY @D I K C F BX C J J H R I @ F Y DX MP X K I P C Q ^ E H D H X P I P F DP DY A D CP R ^ I EL HR DJ H_ CR J CR @ I J I F @ @ F B K D ^ I H M R C J @ I I F B ^ F CR J @ I I F B @ I ] C L CR J L J R R C J P K I Q O I F ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS X CH P J 3-8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Riair td Hmjptir :> ‘ Chi jk` Rjck ^rdtihtcdk adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. DÎRJPCDK Kdrljf jutd jutdljtch ljtch dpirj dpirjtcdk tcdk da tmi pkiu pkiuljtch ljtch bfi bfii` i` jcr systil dhhurs wmik tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs ck tmi KDRL pdsctcdk. pdsctcdk. Pmcs jffdws jffdws jutdljtch hdktrdf da hdk`ctcdki` bfii` bfii` jcr jt j priìtirlcki` tilpirjturi rjkoi td iktir tmi jcrhrjat ardl tmi ikockis. _mik dk tmi orduk` o rduk` jk` ictmir pctdt stjtch swcthm cs jhtcvjti` dr jkytcli tmi hjbck tilpirjturi cs 9 󰁤 fiss tmjk wmjt cs sifihti`, tmi IHX ^RXDQs jri pdwiri` pdw iri` dpik. Ck flcomt tmi ^RXD ^RXDQs Qs jri jfw jfwjys jys dpik wctm tmi XDYRHI ekdb ck KDRL. Ca tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs put td F dr R, tmi dppdscti IHX ^RXDQ ^RXDQ cs hfdsi`. _ctm F sifihti` bfii` jcr ardl tmi fiat ikocki odis td tmi hdhepct. _ctm R sifihti` bfii` jcr ardl tmi rcomt ikocki odis td bdtm 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X _mik ck flcomt, tmi hyjk ^RIXXYRI XDYRHI KDP KDRL HJX lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi tmi ICHJX jkytcli tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck tmi KDRL pdsctcdk. _mik dk tmi orduk` jk` jkytcli tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck tmi KDRL tmi jlbir ^RIXXYRI XDYRHI KDPpdsctcdk, KDRL HJX lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX, j hmcli sduk`s, jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. XIRQCHI JCR XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi pkiuljtch systil ixtrjhts ikocki bfii` jcr upstrijl da tmi IHX ^RXDQ adr usi ck tmi sirvchi tmi hjbck jk`jffdws hdhepct. J hrdssdvir vhdhepct jfvi ck jat hjbck rcomt ikocki jcr hmihe td tmi vjfvi ca tmi fiat ikocki cs smut `dwk. jcr systil (Acouri 3-0). Pmcs suppfcis bfii` jcr td tmi mdrczdktjf stjbcfczir bddts, ru`ìr bcjs systil, jk` jktc-chi tilpirjturi hdktrdf systil. Pmi DAA pdsctcdk hfdsis bdtm IHX ^RXDQs jk` kd jcr iktirs tmi hjbck dr hdhepct. HDL^DKIKPX Pmi ARIXM JCR pdsctcdk hfdsis bdtm IHX I HX ^RXDQs jk` turks dk j bfdwir wmchm mifps puff dutscì jcr cktd tmi hjbck tmrduom tmi rcomt pyfdk rjl jcr ckfit. @ipik`cko dk jftctuì tmcs jcr ljy bi hddfir tmjk tmjt ardl tmi bfii` bfii` jcr systil. Pmcs pdsctcdk wcff kdt hdlpfitify hdlpfitify prissurczi tmi hjbck. Ct cs cktikì` adr orduk` dr fdw jftctuì jftctuì usi ca ìscri`. Xirvchi Jcr Rioufjtdr Pmi sirvchi jcr rioufjtdr ck tmi tjcfhdki rioufjtis tmi bfii` jcr td bi usi` ck tmi sirvchi jcr systil td 28 psc. Pmi twd IHX fckis suppfcko tmi bfii` jcr ardl tmi ikockis gdck tdoitmir jt tmi rioufjtdr. Xirvchi Jcr Hmihe Qjfvis Purk tmi XDYRHI ekdb td tmi DAA pdsctcdk td smut d﬎ tmi fldw da bfii` jcr td tmi hdhepct jk` hjbck. Pmcs hfdsis tmi IHX ^RXDQs. ^dsctcdk tmi XDYRHI ekdb td ARIXM JCR td turk dk tmi arism ar ism jcr bfdwir (IHX ^RXDQs hfdsi) jffdwcko dutscì jcr cktd tmi jcrhrjat tmrduom tmi rcomt pyfdk rjl jcr shddp. Pmcs jcr ljy bi hddfir tmjk tmjt ardl tmi bfii` jcr systil jffdwcko tmi systil td bittir hddf tmi jcrhrjat. Pmi ARIXM JCR pdsctcdk `dis kdt prissurczi tmi jcrhrjat. Ct cs cktikì` adr orduk` usi dr fdw-jftctuì ukprissurczi` flcomt wmik arism jcr cs ìscri`. Riair td Hmjptir Hmjpti r ::‐‖Jcr Hdk`ctcdkcko“ adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. 3-0 Pmi sirvchi jcr hmihe vjfvis jri upstrijl da tmi rioufjtdr dk bdtm suppfy fckis. Pmi hmihe vjfvis privikt bfii` jcr ardl fldwcko ardl dki ikocki td tmi dtmir. DÎRJPCDK Ikocki mcom-prissuri bfii` jcr ardl ijhm ikocki upstrijl da tmi IHX ^RXDQs tiis tdoitmir jt tmi sirvchi jcr rioufjtdr. Pmcs jffdws ictmir ikocki td suppfy sirvchi jcr. Pmi sirvchi jcr hmihe vjfvis ck ictmir suppfy fcki privikts bfii` jcr ardl fldwcko ardl dki ikocki td tmi dtmir wmik tmiri cs j prissuri `c﬎irikhi bitwiik tmi twd suppfy fckis. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF RY@@IR BCJX KD. 2/XIRQCHI JCR XY^^FS XIRQCHI JCR RY@@IR BCJX KD. : Acouri 3-0. Xirvchi Jcr Xystil Xirvchi jcr cs usi` by tmi mdrczdktjf stjbcfczir stjbcfczir ìchi bddts td rildvi chi jk` by tmi jktc-chi systil td privikt chi bucfùp. Riair td Hmjptir :> ‘ Chi jk` Rjck ^rdtihtcdk adr ldri ckadrljtcdk. Pmi tjcfhdki fddps ldkctdr adr fijes wctmck tmi tjcfhdki jrij. Jk RP@ RP@ jfsd ldkctdrs tmi tjcfhdki jrij adr fijes tmjt ljy kdt bi ìtihti` by tmi fddps. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX FIJE @IPIHPCDK XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi bfii` jcr fije ìtihtcdk systil prdvcìs cìktc﬊hjtcdk da jk dvir tilpirjturi hdk`ctcdk ck jrijs wmiri bfii` jcr fckis jri ckstjffi`. Pmi systil mjs :2 ìtihtcdk fddps fdhjti` ck tmi adffdwcko jrij7 • Fiat jk` rcomt pyfdk • Fiat jk` rcomt dvirwcko • Pjcfhdki Pmi fiat jk` rcomt pyfdk fddps ldkctdr adr fijes ardl tmi IHX jk` wcko jktc-chi fckis ck ijhm pyfdk. Pmi fiat jk` rcomt dvirwcko fddps ldkctdr adr fijes fij es ardl tmi wcko jktc-chi fckis ardl tmi tjcfhdki td Fije @itiht Hdktrdffir Pmi fije ìtiht hdktrdffir ldkctdrs ldkctdr s tmi twifvi fije ìtiht fddps (Acouris 3-9 tmrduom 3-?). _mik j fije cs ìtihti`, tmi hdktrdffir hjusis tmi jpprdprcjti BFII@ FIJE lissjoi td jppijr. Ca tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs ck KDRL, ^RXDQs wcff jutdljtchjffy hfdsi jpprdprcjtify. Ca tmi ekdb cs dut da KDRL, kd vjfvis ldvi ‘ dkfy tmi lissjoi jppijrs. BFII@ FIJE ìtihtcdk cs tisti` ùrcko priflcomt tmrduom tmi XSXPIL PIXP liku ardl tmi HH^.. Pmi jlbir ^SFDK BFII@ FIJE F-R jk` HH^ _CKO BFII@ FIJE F-R lissjois jppijr ùrcko tist. Pmi jlbir PJCFHDKI BFII@ FIJE cs kdt tisti`. Fije @itiht Fddps Pmi fije ìtiht fddps jri iutihtch sjft ﬊ffi` sikscko ifilikts hdkkihti` vcj wcrcko td tmi fije ìtiht hdktrdffir. tmi fij`cko wcko iòi dk bdtm scìs da tmi jcrhrjat. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 3-9 X CH P J L Y I K ^ 3 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF XY^^FILIKPJF ^RIXXYRCWJPCDK QJFQI QDRPI] HDDFIR QDRPI] HDDFIR ^KIYLJPCH XDQ QDRPI] HDDFIR XDQ JKPC-CHI ^RIHDDFIR ^SFDK FDD^ FIJE @IPIHPCDK (8:>¾ A) IHX ^RIHDDFIR P P IHX ^RXDQ _CKO XDQ JKPC-CHI Acouri 3-9. ^yfdk Fije @itihtcdk Fddp FM _CKO FDD^ #8 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X FM _CKO FDD^ #0 _CKO JC BFII@ JCR FM _CKO FDD^ #9 Acouri 3-1. Dvirwcko Fije @itihtcdk Fddp 3-1 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF A_@ IKOCKI BIJL RM _CKO FDD^ #: JAP IKOCKI IKOCKI BIJL RM _CKO FDD^ #2 _CKO JC BFII@ JCR FM _CKO FDD^ #2 FM _CKO FDD^ #: X CH P J Acouri 3-?. Pjcfhdki Fije @itihtcdk Fddp _mik tmi fddps jri ixpdsi` td jcr tilpirjturis mcomir tmjk tmi sit riscstjkhi pdckt j scokjf cs sikt td tmi fije ìtiht hdktrdffir. Pjcfhdki Bfii` Fije RP@ Pmi tjcfhdki bfii` fije RP@ (riscstjkhi tilpirjturi ìvchi) ldkctdrs adr jk dvirtilpirjturi hdk`ctcdk ck tmi tjcfhdki jrij (Acouri 3-=). _mik tmi RP@ siksdr ck`chjtis ixhisscvi tjcfhdki jcr tilpirjturis, j scokjf cs sikt td cffulckjti tmi jlbir PJCFHDKI BFII@ FIJE lissjoi dk tmi HJX. Pmcs jfsd hjusis j hmcli td sduk` jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts td cffulckjti. DÎRJPCDK ^dsctcdk tmi XDYRHI ekdb td tmi KDRL pdsctcdk td auffy jhtcvjti tmi fije ìtihtcdk systil. _mik tmi fije ìtiht fddps jri ixpdsi` td mcom tilpirjturis, tmicr riscstjkhi `rdps td zird hjuscko tmi jpprdprcjti BFII@ FIJE lissjoi td jppijr dk tmi HJX, j hmcli td sduk`, jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Pmi hdrrispdk`cko ^RXDQ jfsd hfdsis jutdljtchjffy. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 3-? L Y I K ^ 3 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF _CKO JKPC-CHI PIL^ HDKPRDF QJFQIX PJCF @ICHI @ ICHI XIRQCHI JCR RIOYFJPDR Y ^ P JA DY PB @ PJCFHDKI BFII@ FIJE RP@ JAP BJOOJOI BJOOJOI _JFF _JFF Acouri 3-=. Fije @itihtcdk Xystil Ca tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck tmi KDRL pdsctcdk jk` j fije cs ìtihti`, tmi fije ìtihtcdk systil dkfy prdvcìs tmi jpprdprcjti HJX lissjoi. Pmi hdrrispdk`cko ^RXDQ stjys dpik uktcf ljkujffy hfdsi`. 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X FCLCPJPCDKX Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk fclctjtcdks jk` prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJjpprdvi` Jcrpfjki Afcomt Afcomt Ljkujf (JAL). ILIROIKHS/ JBKDRLJF Adr spihc﬊h ckadrljtcdk dk iliroikhy/jbkdrljf prdhiùris, riair td tmi jpprdprcjti hmihefcst dr AJJ-jpprdvi` JAL. 3-= ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pjbfi 3-:. HJX Lissjois LIXXJOI @IXHRC^PCDK ^RIXX XDYRHI KDP KDRL Jppijrs dk tmi HJX wmik tmi ekdb ekdb cs kdt ck tmi KDRL pdsctcdk wmik wmik dk tmi orduk`. ^SFDK BFII@ FIJE F - R Ca j fije cs ìtihti` ck tmi pyfdk fddp, tmi ^SFDK BFII@ FIJE lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX. Pmi hdrrispdk`cko IHX jk` wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs ^RXDQs hfdsi jutdljtchjffy. PJCFHDKI BFII@ FIJE Ck`chjtis wmik jk dvirtilptirjturi cs scokjfi` by tmi tjcfhdki bfii` fije RP@. _CKO BFII@ FIJE F - R Ca j fije cs ìtihti` kijr tmi wcko jktc-chi fckis ck tmi tjcfhdki dr dvirwcko jrij, tmi jlbir _CKO BFII@ FIJE lissjoi jppijrs. Ca tmi _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI swcthmfcomts jri DK, bdtm wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs wcff hfdsi jutdljtchjffy. ^RIXX XDYRHI KDP KDRL Jppijrs dk tmi HJX jkytcli tmi XDYRHI XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck tmi KDRL pdsctcdk wmik ck 󿬂comt. X CH P J L Y I K ^ 3 ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS 3-3 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF ZYIXPCDKX ùhts ckscì tmi tmi jcrhrjat jri sup:. _mjt jcr ùhts pfci` ca tmi JCR XDYRHI XIFIHP swcthm swcthm cs ck tmi F pdsctcdk4 J. B. H. @. 2. Hdhepct Hjbck Hdhepct jk` Hjbck Kdki ?. Hdhepct Hjbck Hdhepct jk` Hjbck Kdki bfii` jcr td tmi wcko, pcfdt lust stjr t hmihefcst prdhiùris H. Pmi wcko jktc-chi vjfvi hfdsis jk` HJX lissjoi `csjppijrs, pcfdt mjs kd hmihefcst prdhiùris. @. Pmi wcko jktc-chi vjfvi riljcks dpik but tmi pcfdt lust stjrt hmihefcst prdhiùris =. 0. 3 ^ K I Y L J P CH X J. Prui B. Ajfsi 9. _mjt mjppiks ca ca tmi jcrhrjat systil ìtihti` ìtihti` j pyfdk fije4 J. Pmi ^SFDK BFII@ FIJE lissjoi jppijrs B. Bdtm tmi IHX jk` wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs ^RXDQs dk tmjt scì hfdsi jutdljtchjffy jutdljt chjffy dkfy ca tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs ck KDRL H. Bdtm tmi IHX jk` wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs ^RXDQs dk tmjt scì hfdsi jutdljtchjffy riojr`fiss da tmi pdsctcdk da tmi XDYRHI ekdb @. Bdtm J jk` B 3-:> _mjt risufts ca tmi jcrhrjat cs ck flcomt wctm bdtm wcko jktc-chi dk jk` tmi jlbir _CKO BFII@ FIJE F lissjoi jppijrs4 J. Pmi wcko jktc-chi vjfvi riljcks dpik jk` flcomt ljy bi hdktckui` js kdrljf B. Pmi wcko jktc-chi vjfvi vjfvi hfdsis stdppcko _mjt mjppiks wmik tmi JCR XDYRHI XIFIHP ekdb cs sifihti` td ARIXM JCR4 J. @rjws jcr td tmi hjbck ardl tmi rcomt pyfdk jk` turks dk j bfdwir B. Hfdsis bdtm ^RXDQs, ^RXDQs, stdppcko jcr ardl tmi ikockis td rijhm tmi hjbck H. Ljcktjcks kdrljf sirvchi jcr @. Jff da tmi jbdvi jbdvi Pmi PJCFHDKI BFII@ FIJE ìtihtcdk cs tisti` ùrcko tmi BFII@ FIJE systil tist. _mjt cs tmi tmi `c﬎irikhi bitwiik j hyjk jk` jk jlbir ^RIXXYRI XDYRHI KDP KDRL lissjoi4 J. Hyjk ck`chjtis XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck KDRL ck flcomt flcomt B. Jlbir ck`chjtis XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck KDRL dk tmi orduk` orduk` H. Jlbir ck`chjtis ck`chjtis XDYRHI XDYRHI ekdb ekdb cs kdt kdt ck KDRL ck flcomt flcomt @. Bdtm J jk` B _mjt jcr ùhts ùhts ckscì tmi jcrhrjat jri suppfci` ca tmi JCR XDYRHI XIFIHP swcthm cs ck tmi R pdsctcdk4 J. B. H. @. 8. 1. _mjt mjppiks ca j fije cs ìtihti` jk` jk` tmi XDYRHI ekdb cs kdt ck tmi KDRL pdsctcdk4 J. Pmiri cs kdt jky ck`chjtcdk dr jutdljtch ^RXDQ ^RXD Q jhtcvjtcdk B. Bdtm wcko jktc-chi vjfvis vjfvis hfdsi, stdppcko bfii` bfi i` jcr td tmi wcko. ^cfdt ckctc ckctcjtis jtis hmihe hmihe-fcst prdhiùris H. Pmiri cs jk jpprdprcjti jpprdprcjti HJX HJX lissjoi but tmi hdrrispdk`cko ^RXDQ riljcks dpik @. Pmiri cs kdt jky jky ck`chjtcdk but tmi hdrr hdrriispdk`cko ^RXDQ jutdljtchjffy hfdsis ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR :> CHI JK@ RJCK ^RDPIHPCDK HDKPIKPX CKPRD@YHPCDK ............................................................................................................... :>-: OIKIRJF .......................................................................................................................... :>-: CHI @IPIHPCDK XSXPIL ............................................................................................... :>-2 @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... :>-2 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................. :>-2 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ....................................... ........... :>-2 _CKO JKPC-CHI XSXPIL ................................................................................................ :>-2 @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... :>-2 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................. :>-0 @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... :>-1 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................. :>-1 Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ....................................... ........... :>-1 Dpirjtcdk ...................................................................................................................... :>-1 XIKXDR JKPC-CHI XSXPILX ......................................................................................... :>-= @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... :>-= Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ....................................... ........... :>-= Dpirjtcdk ...................................................................................................................... :>-= _CK@XMCIF@ JKPC-CHI XSXPIL.................................................................................. XSXPIL.................................................................................. :>-3 @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... :>-3 Hdlpdkikts .................................................................................................................. :>-3 Dpirjtcdk ...................................................................................................................... :>-3 K CD P H I P D R ^ K C J R @ K J I CH > : ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :>-c HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF PJCF @ICHI XSXPIL ....................................................................................................... :>-3 @ishrcptcdk ................................................................................................................... :>-3 Hdlpdkikts.......................... ...................................................... ........................................................ ......................................................... ............................. :>-:> Hdktrdfs jk` Ck`chjtcdks Ck`chjtcdks.......................... ...................................................... ........................................................ ...................................... .......... :>-:> Dpirjtcdk ......................... ...................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ ................................. ..... :>-:> FCLCPJ FCLCP JPCDKX........................ ..................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ ................................. ..... :>-:> ILIROIKHS/JBKDRLJF............................. ......................................................... ........................................................ ................................. ..... :>-:> ZYIXPCDKX .......................... ....................................................... ......................................................... ........................................................ ................................. ..... :>-:9 : > CH I J K @ R J CK ^ R D P I H P CD K :>-cc ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CFFYXPRJPCDKX Acouri Pctfi ^joi :>-:. _ck`smcif` Chi @itihtcdk Fcomts ............................................................................. :>-2 :>-2. _cko Ckspihtcdk Fcomt ............................................................................................. :>-2 :>-8. CHI ^RD ^RDPIHPCDK PIHPCDK ^JKIF .......................... ...................................................... ......................................................... ............................... :>-2 :>-0. _cko Jktc-Chi Xystil.............................................................................................. :>-8 :>-9. ^chhdfd Pubi Pubi Jrij ............................ ........................................................ ........................................................ ............................................ ................ :>-0 :>-1. Ikocki Ckfit ............................................................................................................. :>-? Jktc-Chi Xystil - Bdtm Ikockis ........................... ....................................................... ....................................... ........... :>-? :>-?. Ikocki Jktc-Chi _ck`smcif` cif` Jktc-Chi Xystil Xystil .......................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ........................... :>-:: :>-=. _ck`sm ........................................................ ........................................................ ......................................... ............. :>-:2 :>-3. Pjcf @ichi Xystil ............................ PJBFIX Pjbfi Pctfi ^joi ....................................................... ........................................................ .................................... ........ :>-:8 Pjbfi :>-:. HJX Lissjois........................... K CD P H I P D R ^ K C J R @ K J I CH > : ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :>-ccc HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF FIAP CKPIKPCDKJFFS BFJKE : > CH I J K @ R J CK ^ R D P I H P CD K :>-cv ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HMJ^PIR :> CHI JK@ RJCK ^RDPIHPCDK CKPRD@YHPCDK Pmi HG0 jcrhrjat cs jpprdvi` adr orduk` jk` flcomt dpirjtcdks ck ekdwk chcko hdk`ctcdks. Pmcs hmjptir ìshrcbis tmi systils tmjt utcfczi bfii` jcr jk` ifihtrchjf pdwir adr primijtcko dr rildvcko chi ardl tmi ikocki ckfits, wckos, tjcf, jk` wck`smcif`. OIKIRJF Afcomt cktd ekdwk chcko cs tmi cktiktcdkjf flcomt cktd chcko hdk`ctcdks tmjt jri ekdwk td ixcst by ictmir vcsujf dbsirvjtcdk dr pcfdt wijtmir ripdrt ckadrljtcdk. Chcko hdk`ctcdks ixcst jky tcli tmi ck`chjti` stjtch jcr tilpirjturi (XJP) cs :>¾H (9>¾A) dr bifdw bifd w, jk` vcscbfi ldcsturi ck jky jky adrl cs prisikt. prisikt. XJP XJ P cs `cspfjyi` jt tmi bdttdl da tmi rcomt LA@. Ct hjk jfsd bi aduk` tmrduom tmi ALX (C@] ; ^RDO ; pjoi 2). Bfii` jcr jktc-chi prdtihtcdk cs prdvcì` adr tmi ikocki ckfits jk` wcko fij`cko fij`cko iòis. Pmi tjcf mdrczdktjf stjbcfczir cs prdvcì` ìchi prdtihtcdk tmrduom ckfljtjbfi bddts. Xiksdr jktc-chi prdtihtcdk cs prdvcì` by @H ifihtrchcty adr tmi pctdt tubis, stjtch pdrts, JDJ vjki, jk` tilpirjturi prdbis prdbis ck tmi ikocki ckfit. JH ifihtrchcty prdvcìs wck`smcif` jktc-chi mijt. K CD P H I P D R ^ K C J R @ K J I CH > : ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :>-: HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF CHI @IPIHPCDK XSXPIL @IXHRC^PCDK @urcko `jy dpirjtcdks tmi pcfdt hjk dbsirvi chi jhhulufjtcko jhhulufjtck o dk tmi wck`smcif`s jk` wckos. @urcko kcomt dpirjtcdks twd fcomt systils jri usi` td cffulckjti tmi wck`smcif` jk` fiat wcko. Acouri :>-2. _cko Ckspihtcdk Fcomt HDL^DKIKPX _ck`smcif` Chi @itihtcdk Fcomts Pwd ri` fcomt-ilcttcko `cdì (FI@) chi ìtihtcdk fcomts jri dk tmi ckstrulikt pjkif ofjrismcif` (Acouri :>-:). Pmisi chi ìtihtcdk fcomts dpirjti jutdljtchjffy wmik kdrljf kdrl jf @H pdwir cs jvjcfjbfi. Pmi fcomts jri jcli` jt jk ukprdtihti` jrij kijr tmi HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX _CKO FCOMP Xwcthmfcomt Pmi _CKO FCOMP swcthmfcomt cs dk tmi rcomt scì da tmi CHI ^RDPIHPCDK hdktrdf pjkif (Acouri :>-8). _mik tmi _CKO FCOMP swcthmfcomt swcthmfcom t cs DK, tmi wcko chi ckspihtcdk fcomt cs cffulckjti`. ckbdjr` iòi dajrij, ijhm jwck`smcif`. _m ik chi biocks td adrl dk tmcs ri` ofdw cs_mik riflihti` dk tmi ofjss, ck`chjtcko tmjt chi ljy bi jhhulufjtcko dk tmi jcrhrjat. Acouri :>-8. CHI ^RDPIHPCDK ^JKIF _CKO JKPC-CHI XSXPIL Acouri :>-:. _ck`smcif` Chi @itihtcdk Fcomts _cko Ckspihtcdk Fcomt : > CH I J K @ R J CK ^ R D P I H P CD K Pmi wcko ckspihtcdk fcomt cs dk tmi fiat ausifjoi adrwjr` da tmi fiat wcko jk` cs jcli` `dwk tmi wcko fij`cko iòi. Pmi fcomt cffulckjtis tmi dutbdjr` pdrtcdk da tmi fij`cko fij`cko iòi da tmi fiat fiat wcko ùrcko kcomt dr fdw vcscbcfcty dpirjtcdks (Acouri :>-2). :>-2 @IXHRC^PCDK Pmi wcko jktc-chi systil utcfczis bfii` jcr vikti` tmrduom pchhdfd tubis td mijt tmi fij`cko iòis da tmi wcko. (Acouri :>-0). Pmi tilpirjturi da tmi bfii` jcr cs rioufjti` by tmi prihddfirs ck tmi pyfdk. pyfdk. Pmi tilpirjturi cs ldkctdri` by dvirtilpirjturi jk` ukìrtilpirjturi siksdrs ck ijhm wcko tcp. Pmi wcko hrdssfldw systil suppfcis ikocki bfii` jcr td bdtm wcko fij`cko iòis ùrcko sckofi-ikocki dpirjtcdk. _cko jktc-chi hmihe vjfvis privikt jcr ardl viktcko cktd tmi dppdscti ikocki. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF P X L^ J D RD OH X K C _ CR J ) L D P P D (B A ¾ 3 0 9 P A ¾ 3 0 9 P E H I M H P I Q F J Q I _ CH C- D I P F Q KA F J X X J ODQ K C R _H P P R I F D D H I R ^ P I -CH C P K J I K C O K I Q D X R ^ I / R D YR P X J K RI I X ^ L I P R D P J F Y O I R I Q D -CH C X P R K^ J O K C _ @ K I O I F I B Y P D F D H CH ^ ) ^ ^ LD I (P P R R P I D @X K KI YX R D X K I X ^ ) LL I D P P RP I D Q D (B P R C J P X Y J M ] I R C J @ I I F B @ I F D D H I R ^ CR J @ I I F B l i t s y X i h -Cc t k J o k c _ . -0 > : i r u o c A K CD P H I P D R ^ K C J R @ K ) L D P P D B ( X P K I Q J I CH > : ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :>-8 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF HDL^DKIKPX _cko Jktc-Chi ^RXDQs Pmi wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs jri dk tmi bdttdl da ijhm ikocki. Pmiy jri ifihtrchjffy ifihtrchjffy hfdsi` (ajcf dpik wctm fdss da fy kdrljf/hdkvirti` @H pdwir) jk` jri pkiuljtchjf pkiuljtchjffy jhtujti`. Pmi vjfvi cs dpirjti` by tmi _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI F‘R swcthmfcomts dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif. Pmi vjfvis rioufjti tmi `dwkstrijl prissuri td :1 psco. Ca ifiht ifihtrchjf rchjf pd pdwir wir cs fdst, tmi vjf vjfvis vis jri `rcv `rcvik ik dpik by tmi upstrijl prissuri. ajhi (dki ijhm scì da hiktir) jffdw rjl jcr td trjvif tmi fikotm da tmi wcko jk` puroi jky auif vjpdrs. Xpikt jcr ardl bdtm hmjlbirs cs `cshmjroi` tmrduom tmrduom sipjrjti vikts dk tmi fdwir surajhi da ijhm wcko tcp. Pilpirjturi Xiksdr/Rioufjtdr Bfii` jcr RP@s jri bitwiik tmi wcko jktc-chi prihddfirs jk` tmi fckis odcko td tmi wcko fij`cko iòis. Pmisi ldkctdr ldkctdr tmi tilpirjturi ck tmi bfii` jcr suppfy fckis. Pmi RP@ jutdljtchjffy hfdsis tmi wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQ wmik ct siksis jk dvirtilpirjturi hdk`ctcdk. _cko Jktc-Chi ^rihddfirs _cko Jktc-chi Hrdssafdw vjfvi Pmi wcko jktc-chi prihddfir prihd dfir ck ijhm pyfdk cs j hdkviktcdkjf hrdssfldw mijt ixhmjkoir tmjt fclcts tmi ljxclul bfii` jcr tilpirjturi tmi wcko jktc-chi rihicvis. Pmi spikt jcr cs ixmjusti` tmrduom tmi pyfdk ixmjust ixmjust ùht. Pmi wcko jktc-chi hrdssfldw vjfvi cs ldukti` dk tmi jat ikocki bijl (sii Acouri :>-0). @urcko sckofi-ikocki dpirjtcdk, tmi vjfvi hjk bi dpiki` td jffdw tmi dpirjtcko ikocki td suppfy bfii` jcr td bdtm wckos. Pmi Pmi vjfvi cs hdktrdffi` by by tmi _CKO ]AFD_ swcthmfcomt dk tmi CHI ^RDPIHPCDK pjkif. _cko Jktc-Chi Fij`cko Iòi Jssilbfcis Pmi wcko jktc-chi fij`cko iòi jssilbfy jssi lbfy cs `cvcì` cktd twd `cstckht hmjlbirs (Acouri :>-9). Pmi ﬊rst hmjlbir hdkscsts da j hcrhufjr pchhdfd tubi tmjt ruks tmi iktcri fikotm da tmi wcko. Pmi tubis mjvi mdfis jt vjrcdus spjhcko jk` jkofis td prdvcì prdpir bfii` jcr `cstrcbutcdk td tmi wcko fij`cko iòis. Pmi sihdk` hmjlbir cs bitwiik tmi fij`cko iòi jk` tmi auif tjke. Pwd vikts dk tmi fdwir fdwir bd`y sur- :.9 CKHM @CJLIPIR ^CHHDFD PYBI @CAAYXIR CH I J K @ R J CK ^ R D P I H P CD K JFYLCKYL XIKXDR HDQIRX MIJP XMCIF@ DQIR PILÎRJPYRI XIKXDR Acouri :>-9. ^chhdfd Pubi Jrij :>-0 Pmi wcko jktc-chi hmihe vjfvis ck tmi suppfy fckis priviktt bfii` jcr ardl dki ikocki bjhefldwcko privik bjhefldwcko td tmi dppdscti ikocki ùrcko sckofi-ikocki dpirjtcdk (sii Acouri :>-0). _cko Jktc-Chi Ykìrtilpirjturi Ykìrtilpirjtur i Xiksdrs Pmi wcko jktc-chi ukìrtilpirjturi siksdrs jri ldukti` td tmi uppir surajhi da tmi fij`cko iòi kijr tmi wcko tcp. Pmi siksdrs ldkctdr tmi fij`cko iòi seck jt jff tclis adr fdw tilpirjturis wctmck ijhm wcko tcp. YK@IR PILÎRJPYRI XIKXDR : > _cko Jktc-Chi Hmihe Qjfvis _cko Jktc-Chi Dvirtilpirjturi Dvirtilpirjtur i Xiksdrs Pmi wcko jktc-chi dvirtilpirjturi siksdrs jri ldukti` td tmi fdwir surajhi da tmi fij`cko iòi kijr tmi wcko tcp. _mik tmi wcko jktc-chi systil cs jhtcvi, tmi siksdrs ldkctdr tmi bfii` jcr adr ckhrijsis ck tilpirjturi wctmck ijhm wcko tcp. Ca tmi tilpirjturi pirjt uri cs tdd mcom mcom,, j HJX lissj lissjoi oi jfirts tmi pcfdt pcfdt.. ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Pmi rispihtcvi wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQ hfdsis uktcf tmi tilpirjturi ìhrijsis5 tmik ct wcff ridpik. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX flcomt, tmi tilpirjturi lust bi orijtir tmjk 2>¾H (1=¾A) td ixtckoucsm ixtckoucsm tmi tmi HJX lissjoi. lissjoi. Pmiri cs kd riqucrilikt adr tmi tilpirjturi td ckhrijsi by :>¾H (:=¾A) wmcfi ck flcomt. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI F‘R Xwcthmfcomts Pmi _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI JKPC-CHI F jk` R swcthmfco swcthmfcomts mts jri dk tmi CHI ^RDPIHPCDK ^RDPIHPCDK pjkif. _mik pusmi` (cffulckjti`),, tmi wcko jk` ikocki ckfit jktc-chi (cffulckjti`) systils jri jhtcvjti` (sii Acouri :>-8). _CKO ]AFD_ Xwcthmfcomt Pmi _CKO ]AFD_ swcthmfcomt jffdws tmi pcfdt td mjvi hdktckui` chi prdtihtcdk dk bdtm wckos ardl dki ikocki ck tmi ivikt da jk ikocki dr ^RXDQ ajcfuri. Pmi pcfdt lust priss tmi swcthmfcomt swcthmfcomt td jhtcvjti (dpik) tmi vjfvi. DÎRJPCDK Orduk` Dpirjtcdks Jk dpirjtcdkjf hmihe da tmi jktc-chi systil cs riqucri` prcdr td flycko cktd ekdwk chcko hdk`ctcdks. Dk tmi orduk` K2 lust bi sit td ?>% biadri dpikcko tmi wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQs. ^RXDQs. Bdtm tmi hyjk _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI DK jk` _CKO JKPCCHI HDF@ lissjois lissjois wcff ckctcjffy ckctcjffy bi siik. siik. Ca tmi wckos wjrl up su﬈hciktfy wctmck 1> sihdk`s, tmi _CKO JKPC-CHI HDF@ lissjois ixtckoucsm. Ca stcff hdf`, tmi hyjk lissjoi hmjkois td jlbir. Ca tmi dvirtilpirjturi siksdrs ck`chjti ictmir wcko fij`cko iòi tilpirjturi cs orijtir tmjk 19¾H (:03¾A), tmi t mi jlbir _CKO JKPC-CHI DQIRPIL^ DQIRPIL^ lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX, j hmcli sduk`s jk` tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Pmi _CKO JKPC-CHI DQIRPIL^ DQIRPIL^ lissjoi liss joi jfsd jppijrs ca tmi bfii` jcr dvirtilpirjturi RP@s ck`chjti ictmir bfii` jcr fcki tilpirjturi cs orijtir tmjk 2=?¾H (903¾A) adr ldri tmjk 2> sihdk`s dr 8>0¾H (9=>¾A) ckstjktfy. Ca ck hrdssfldw, sit pdckt hmjkois td 8:>¾H (93>¾A) adr 2> sihdk`s dr 808¾H (19>¾A) ckstjktfy. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. KDPI @d kdt dpirjti tmi _CKO/IKO JKPCCHI dk tmi orduk` jt mcom ikocki rpl jatir jktc-chi lissjois mjvi hfijri`. Ck Afcomt Dpirjtcdk J`vjkhi K2 td =>% - lissjois smduf` ixtckoucsm wctmck jkdtmir 1> sihdk`s. Ca kdt, `d kdt fly cktd ekdwk chcko. @d kdt hdktckui td dpirjti jky jktcchi systil dk tmi orduk` jt mcom rpl jatir tmi HJX lissjois mjvi hfijri`. _mik ck chcko hdk`ctcdks, pusm tmi _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI swcthmfcomts td jhtcvjti tmi wcko jktcchi systil. Pmi ikocki ckfit jktc-chi systil cs jfsd jhtcvjti`. Ck flcomt j lckclul da ?>% K 2 smduf` bi ljcktjcki` td iksuri su﬈hcikt bfii` jcr cs jvjcfjbfi td tmi systil. KDPI Pmi hyjk _CKO JKPC-CHI HDF@ lissjoi ixtckoucsmis jatir 1> sihdk`s ca tmi wcko bfii` jcr tilpirjturi ckhrijsis by :>¾H (:=¾A) jk` cs orijtir tmjk 2>¾H (1=¾A). Ca tmi tilpirjturi mjs kdt ckhrijsi` dr mjs ckhrijsi` but cs fiss tmjk 2>¾H (1=¾A), tmi lissjoi hmjkois td jlbir. Ck Lckclul ikocki K2 spii` adr i﬎ihtcvi wcko jktc-chcko...........................?9% K2 Pmi hyjk _CKO JKPC-CHI DK lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX td ck`chjti tmi systil cs jhtcvjti`. Pmi hyjk _CKO JKPC-CHI HDF@ F‘R HJX lissjoi l issjoi jfsd jppijrs dk tmi ICHJX wmik tmi swcthmfcomts jri ckctcjffy pusmi`. K CD P H I P D R ^ K C J R @ K J I CH > : ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :>-9 HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF Ca tmi tilpirjturi ajffs bifdw 2>¾H (1=¾A) adr ldri tmjk 1> sihdk`s, tmi jlbir _CKO JKPCCHI HDF@ lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX. Pmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts jfsd cffulckjti. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. Ca j wcko jktc-chi ^RXDQ ajcfs, pusm tmi _CKO ]AFD_ swcthmfcomt. Pmcs dpiks tmi hrdssfldw vjfvi jffdwcko tmi chi prdtihtcdk systil td hdktckui dpirjtcko wmcfi ixctcko tmi chcko ikvcrdklikt. IKOCKI CKFIP JKPC-CHI XSXPIL Pmi ikocki ckfit ukìrtilpirjturi siksdr lijsuris tmi ixmjust jcr tilpirjturis dk tmi ckscì da ijhm ikocki ckfit adrwjr` fij`cko iòi. Pmi siksdrs jri ifihtrchjf riscstjkhi tilpirjturi ìvchis (RP@s). _mik tmi ikocki jktc-chi systil cs jhtcv jhtcvi, i, tmi siksdrs ldkctdr tmi bfii` jcr tilpirjturis wctmck ijhm ikocki ckfit jssilbfy jssil bfy.. Kd dvirtilpirjturi sikscko s ikscko dr prdtihtcdk cs prdvcì` adr tmi ikocki. HDKPRDFX JK@ CK@CHJPCDKX IKO DKFS JKPC-CHI F‘R Xwcthmfcomts Pmi ikocki ckfit jktc-chi systil utcfczis bfii` jcr Pmi IKO DKFS JKPC-CHI F jk` R swcthmfcomts tmjt cs rduti` pchhdfdpdrtcdk tubcko jk` ixmjusti` tmrduom sfdtstmrduom dk tmi bdttdl da tmi ikocki ckfit (Acouri :>-1). Kd prdvcscdks jri jvjcfjbfi adr hrdssaii`cko td tmi dppdscti ikocki ca ikocki ajcfuri dhhurs. Pmi tilpirjturi da tmi bfii` jcr cs hdktrdffi` by tmi tmrdttfi sittckos. jri dk tmi CHI ^RDPIHPCDK pjkif. _mik pusmi` (cffulckjti`), tmiy dkfy jhtcvjti tmi ikocki ckfit jktc-chi systil (Acouri :>-?). HDL^DKIKPX Pmi _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI JKPC-CHI F jk` R swcthmfc swcthmfcomts omts jri dk tmi CHI ^RDPIHPCDK pjkif. _mik pusmi` (cffulckjti`), tmi ikocki ckfit jk` wcko jktc-chi systils jri jhtcvjti` (Acouri :>-1). Pmi ikocki jktc-chi ^RXDQs ^ RXDQs jri dk tmi tdp da ijhm ikocki. Pmiy jri ifihtrchjffy hfdsi` (ajcf dpik wctm fdss da kdrljf/hdkvirti` @H pdwir) jk` jri pkiuljtchjffy pkiuljtchjf fy jhtujti`. Pmi vjfvi cs dpirjti` by ictmir _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI F‘R dr IKO DKF DKFS S JKPC-CHI F‘R swcthmfcomts dk tmi fiat tcft pjkif. CH I J K @ R J CK ^ R D P I H P CD K Ykìrtilpirjturi Ykìrtilpirjtur i Xiksdr @IXHRC^PCDK Ikocki Ckfit ^rissuri Rioufjtcko Xmutdaa Qjfvi : > ikocki ckfit seck. Pmi jcr ixcts tmi pfikul tmrduom sfdts dk tmi bdttdl pdrtcdk da tmi ikocki ckfit. Pmi vjfvis rioufjti tmi `dwkstrijl prissuri td :1 psc. Ca ifihtrchjf pdw pdwir ir cs fdst, tmi tmi vjfvis vjfvis jri `rcvik `rcvik dpik by tmi upstrijl prissuri. Ikocki Ckfit Jssilbfcis Ijhm ikocki ckfit jssilbfy hdkscsts da j hcrhufjr pchhdfd tubi ckscì j pfikul bimck` tmi fij`cko iòi da tmi adrwjr` surajhi da tmi seck (Acouri :>-1). Bfii` jcr iktirs tmi pchhdfd tubi jt tmi tdp da tmi ikocki jk` mijts tmi adrwjr` surajhi da tmi :>-1 _CKO/IKO JKPC-CHI F‘R Xwcthmfcomts DÎRJPCDK Orduk` Dpirjtcdk ^riflcomt da tmi jktc-chi systil cs riqucri` prcdr td flycko cktd ekdwk chcko hdk`ctcdks. _mik ck chcko hdk`ctcdks, pusm tmi IKO DKFS JKPC-CHI td jhtcvjti tmi ikocki jktc-chi systil dkfy. KDPI Pmi ikocki jktc-chi systils smduf` bi dpirjti` jt jff tclis ck chcko hdk`ctcdks. Pmi hyjk IKOCKI JKPC-CHI DK lissjoi jppijrs dk tmi HJX wmik ictmir IKO dkfy dr _CKO/IKO swcthmfcomts mjvi biik jhtcvjti`. Pmi ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS HI-929H HCPJPCDK HG0 ^CFDP PRJCKCKO LJKYJF hyjk IKOCKI JKPC-CHI HDF@ lissjoi jfsd jppijrs dk tmi HJX wmik tmi swcthmfcomts jri ckctcjffy pusmi`. Pmi hyjk IKOCKI JKPC-CHI HDF@ lissjoi ixtckoucsmis ixtckouc smis jatir 1> sihdk`s wmik tmi ukìrtilpirjturi siksdrs ck`chjti j tilpirjturi tilpirjturi ckhrijsi da ldri tmjk 22¾H (?2¾A) wctm tmrdttfis jt c`fi. Ca jatir 1> sihdk`s tmi tilpirjturi mjs kdt ckhrijsi` by :9¾H (2?¾A) jk` cs kdt dv dvir ir 2:¾H (?>¾A), tmi lissjoi hmjkois td jlbir, tmi LJXPIR HJYPCDK RIXIP swcthmfcomts cffulckjti, jk` j hmcli sduk`s. Riair td tmi jpprdprcjti prdhiùri ck tmi jpprdvi` hmihefcst. KDPI @d kdt hdktckui dpirjtcko tmi ikocki jktc-chi systils dk tmi orduk` jt mcom ikocki hfijri`.rpl jatir HJX lissjois mjvi Acouri :>-1. Ikocki Ckfit P P 903¾A P 903¾A PP IKOCKI JKPC-CHI ^RXDQ PILÎRJPYRI XIKXDR/ RIOYFJPDR HMIHE QJFQI P _CKO JKPC-CHI ^RXDQ ^RIHDDFIR P K CD P H I P D R ^ K C J R @ K _CKO JKPC-CHI HRDXXAFD_ QJFQI FIOIK@ BFII@ JCR J I CH Acouri :>-?. Ikocki Jktc-Chi Xystil - Bdtm Ikockis > : ADR PRJCKCKO ^YR^DXIX DKFS DKFS :>-?

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