INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
AcerJun G. Parafina/ BA Political Science 1-1
Second Semester
Date: 03/01/2023
Part One: Politics, Social Sciences, and Sociality
Outline
I.
II.
III.
Politics
a. Why Study Politics?
Social Sciences
a. The concept of society
Sociality
a. Degrees of Interaction

The stem "soci-“ in the word social, which is
from the Latin word socius, meaning
"companion,” or society in general.
Sociality
Sociality is the tendency for humans to associate
with one another or form social groups.
The Degrees of interaction
Politics
The activity through which people make, preserve
and amend the general rules under which they live.
Why Study Politics?

To know what is going on around you

To have a say in what’s going on

The political decisions people make will affect
many lives.

To have a say in what will happen because we
all live side by side, and it would not be fair if
someone were left out.
The different types of sociality are distinguished as
empirical phenomena. There are five types of
sociality, namely;
1. Gregariousness

It is a personality trait characterized by the
desire to belong to social groups and the
tendency to enjoy group activities and work
in groups and teams.

When people are creating a social group to
create an appearance of physical
closeness.

People will only be close to people they have
similarities with and stay distant from those
who are different, thus, discriminating
against the ones who are different from the
group.
Social Sciences
Social – Society – human beings
Science – fact/systematic study (review) of
things



Social sciences are a group of academic
disciplines dedicated to examining society.
This branch of science studies how people
interact with each other, behave, develop a
culture, and influence the world.
It is a system or organization in which people
or groups are ranked one above the other
according to status or authority.

Social sciences help to explain how society
works, exploring everything from the triggers
of economic growth to how and why people vote,
the causes of unemployment, and what makes
people happy.
Hierarchy denotes the presence of multiple
strata in society, placing one above the
other. Hierarchies can be present in many
forms, like caste hierarchy, class hierarchy,
gender hierarchy, and political hierarchy.

Hierarchy is magnified by the fact that many
severe social problems are closely
connected with this method of social
organization.
The Concept of Society

2. Hierarchy
Society’ involves the notion that the members
of it are interacting with one another.
3. Biological Differences

It may refer to “gender" which is more
difficult to define. Still, it can refer to a male
or female role in society, known as
a gender role, or an individual's concept of
themselves or gender identity.

Gender roles are cultural and personal.
They determine how males and females
should think, speak, dress, and interact
within the context of society.
4. Functional Specialization

it is the process of focusing one's
occupational concentration on a specific
area of expertise. Functional specialization
suggests that different areas/fields are
specialized for other functions.

Most humans live in societies characterized
by functional specialization of a very high
order, with numerous distinct ‘occupations’
or ‘roles.’
RECTIFYING OF NAMES (470–391 BC)
In
Confucianism,
the Rectification
of
Names means that "things should be made to
accord with the implications attached to them
by names, the prerequisites for correct living
and even efficient government being that all
classes of society should accord to what they
ought to be.”
5. Altruism

It (also called the ethic of altruism,
moralistic altruism, and ethical altruism) is
an ethical doctrine that holds that the moral
value of an individual's actions depends
solely on the impact on other individuals,
regardless of the consequences on the
individual itself.

It is the willingness to help and promote other
people’s welfare and requires self-sacrifice.