GLOBAL
TAPESTRY
Period 1 C. 1200-1450
Unit 1
Context
Theme: State Building
o By the year 1200, many empires had
risen and fallen across the world, paving
the way for new states to emerge, new
religions to flourish, and new trading ties
to form.
o These phases of state building would not
have been possible without the
agricultural revolution (the neolithic
revolution and the spread of agriculture).
o State Building: How states built themselves and
maintained control over their people
o State: a nation or territory organized under one
government
o Nebraska, France, Canada, the USA,
Kentucky – all states
Big Picture
• Technology: gunpowder & paper
• small states decline & civilizations grow
• Religion spreads, but local religion declines
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Unit 1.7 Learning Objective
In what ways was the process of state-building in various parts of the world btwn 1200-1450 similar & different?
Complete this chart during the presentation with the Learning Objective in mind. .
Mongols
France
Spain
Byzantine
Mi
Strait of Malacca
a
jay
ivi
Sr
ara
ag
ahi
Champa
Khmer
n
ya
a
Inc
Sw
Delhi
Sultanate
a
Vij
li C
oas
t
Mali
Aztec
Maya
Korea
Japan
Son
g
d
asi
b
b
A
Mamluk
ss
iss
n ippia
England
Holy
Roman
Empire
Maja
Great
Zimbabwe
MEET THE
GLOBAL
TAPESTRY
Period 1 C. 1200-1450
pahi
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Unit 1.1 Context: East Asia
College Board refers to China as being in
East Asia
East Asia also includes: Korea & Japan
Until the 1200s, world mostly decentralized,
but China had been experiencing strong
centralized control which made them prosper
and was experiencing a Golden Age since
the Tang.
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Unit 1.1 Context: East Asia
Qin Dynasty unified state walls into a Great Wall, standard
currency, uniform writing system & legal code, Emperor built
Terracotta Army
Han Dynasty created civil service exam to organize gov’t,
extended Chinese territory, Silk Road opened to connect to
west, paper & porcelain invented, medicine codified
Sui Dynasty (581-618) began construction of the grand
canal
Tang* Dynasty (718-906) improved agriculture, highways,
and canals, facilitating international trade & allowing Song
China to become world's economic powerhouse in the
post-1200 period.
During the Song many continuities (uninterrupted events
which remained the same)
Chinese Dynasties song (5 mins)
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Major Dynasties
Qing
221-206 BC
Han
206 BC -220 AD
Sui
581-648 AD
Tang
618 – 907 AD
Song
960-1279 AD
Yuan
1271-1368 AD
Ming
1368 – 1644 AD
Qing
1644 – 1911 AD
Unit
1.1
Song
China
China’s Golden Age since Tang Dynasty continued into Song, led
by Zhao Kuangyin (Taizu):
(1) Technological Progress:
• First invented in 9th century in attempt to create elixir of life, then
used a fireworks for imperial court, then Song turned
gunpowder into guns & it went global
• Wood Block printing 🡪 printed booklets on how to farm
efficiently
• Improved Grand Canal (since Sui dynasty): connect N & S
China, boosted trade btwn different religions & maintained a
consistent Chinese culture throughout
• Champa Rice discovered in Vietnam
• Grew in dry soil, matured early, could resisted droughts and
floods, & could be harvested 3x annually 🡪more food🡪
population explosion
• Freeman Video on Champa (15 mins)
• created & traded porcelain & silk
• Steel & iron produce = farm tools more efficient
• Led to proto-industrialization: fewer people farmed & more
Confucian Beliefs
Without human relationships, there would be no self,
therefore:
People have duties dependent on their position, to ensure
social order you must accept your place in society 🡪 treat
each relationship w/kindness 🡪 harmony in the country
Education road to
advancement
5 Basic Relationships
(filial piety: subordinate to male & to ruler, this is what kept people loyal to
the Dynasty Emperors for 20000 years)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Ruler & Subject
Elder Friend & Junior Friend
Elder Sibling & Junior Sibling
Husband & Wife
Parent & Child
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Do onto others, what you
would have done to you
(Golden Rule)
People are naturally good
Unit 1.1 Song China
China’s Golden Age since Tang Dynasty, included:
(2) Cultural Progress: revival of Confucianism
• Confucianism a cultural stabilizer since teachings
outlined how society should be organized
• Revival & expansion of civil service exam (from Han)
• had to take this exam to work in imperial
bureaucracy
• Be well versed in Confucian classics to pass
• No longer needed to be a noble to work in
bureaucratic gov’t positions
• Thus, gov’t work became meritocracy:
promotions based on merit
• Freeman Video East Asia (5 mins)
• Confucianism & Mandate of Heaven kept dynasty
going (if things are going well, you have the Mandate
of Heaven, once things go poorly,
you’ve clearly
lost in Period 1
Comparison:
State Building
1200-1450
Unit 1.1 Song China
• Scholar gentry new social class from bureaucratic
gov’t, included Confucian landowners who inherited
their wealth
• Foot Binding: common for aristocratic families. Girls
had feet wrapped so tightly bones didn’t grow naturally
since small feet were more attractive. Video (3 mins)
• Women couldn’t walk with deformed feet & had to
be carried
• Since lower classes needed their feet to work in the
fields, it signified an upper class woman
• signified social status, something suitors desired
• Spread to all classes over time
• Neo-Confucianism: syncretic blend of Daoism,
Buddhism, Confucianism
• Emphasized ethics rather than mysteries of God &
nature
Comparison: State Building in Period 1
• Popular in Japan, Korea, Vietnam
scholar gentry
farmers
artisans
merchants
peasants
1200-1450
Unit 1.2 Abbasid Caliphate
• Fractured by invaders and falling apart
• New Muslim states still arose
India is S. Asia
• Delhi Sultanate (India)
• Established by Muslim Turks
• Gained power in India, but had difficult time
converting Indians to Islam
• Mamluk Sultanate (North Africa)
• But Mamluks overthrew the gov’t & established
own state: Mamluk Sultanate
• Freeman Video on Mamluks (15 mins)
• Freeman Video Dar Al-Islam (3 mins)
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
ks
• Egyptians had enslaved Mamluks who weren’t
Muslims & forced them to serve in military.
lu
• It was a slave empire! (Unsullied – GOT
anyone?)
am
M
• Mamluk = slave 🡪
Comparison:
Song Dynasty vs Abbasid Caliphate
Song flourishing socially,
politically, economically
��
Abbasid Caliphate dying socially,
politically, economically (fragmenting)
��
To simplify, think of it this way:
King = Sultan = Sultanate (more secular)
Pope = Caliph = Caliphate (more religious)
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Unit 1.3 South Asia
mosque built on the ruins of
a Hindu temple 🡪
Chola
Vijayanagara
Vijayanagara & Chola Kingdom & Srivijaya Empire (major Buddhist
trading hub) & in South Asia
Srivijaya controlled straight of Malacca, taxed all trade ships
Freeman Srivijaya Empire Video (16 mins)
Srivijaya declined and replaced with Majapahit (Hindu)
Wealthy from trade, military conquest, political marriages
Built states & expanded influence via trade
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Dehli sultanate was
more land-based
AztecsUnit
in 1.4 The Americas
Inca in Andes
Mesoamerica
Mexico City’s center was
once Tenochtitlan
Machu Picchu in Peru
located on lake Texcoco, Aztecs built Chinampas, floating
gardens 🡪 more food 🡪 more people
Human sacrifice as way to legitimize power
In Mesoamerican Aztecs built an empire by ruling remotely,
via a tribute system
Tribute system: a payment conquered people have to pay
for the privilege of remaining conquered
payment goods or services
System enforced through military
Inca used Mit’a system: compelled citizens
into mandatory public service
Made them build extensive road system 🡪
led to more unified state
Freeman Video SE Asia & Americas (3
mins)
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Unit 1.5 Africa: Mali
Empire of Ghana (not same place as present day
Ghana) became 🡪 Kingdom of Mali
Founded by Sundiata (think Lion King)
Grandnephew, Mansa Musa, gained control of Mali
& was devote Muslim, who grew Timbuktu as center
of learning
Mali rulers centralized power more than Ghana did,
exported salt & gold & grew wealthy
Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca, poured so much gold
into Egypt along the way he wrecked their economy
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Unit 1.6 Developments in Europe
Kings
Europeans had more regional system of state
building: feudalism
Only unifying factor in Europe was Christianity
(Catholic Church) rather than a gov’t
land
protection
Nobles
3 field system promoted agriculture: crops
rotated through 3 fields:
1.
Wheat/rye 🡪 food
2.
Legumes (peas, lentils, beans) 🡪 made
fertile soil (added nitrogen)
3.
Knights
land
protection
Fallow (unused for a year)
Peasants
Eventually, Feudal lords lost much power to
rise of more powerful centralized monarchs
Pope Urban sent people off to the Crusades to
defend Jerusalem, which reintroduced Europe
to trade routes & kick-started Europe again
Food/goods
Freeman Video Africa & Europe (5 mins)
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Serfs
protection
Comparison
1.2
East
Asia:
Japan
Japan was an outliner during this time
While other states in Europe, South
Asia, SE Asia, Africa, Americas were
growing more centralized, Japan grew
more decentralized through their feudal
system
similar to Europe’s lords 🡪 knights 🡪
serfs
Shoguns
an
Jap
is E
sia
A
.
Daimyos
(nobles)
protection
Emperor would be above shogun, but
had little power. The Shoguns actually
ruled Japan
Samurai
(knights)
land
Farmers, Fisherman,
Craftsmen
(peasants)
Daimyos were the wealthy landowners.
Merchants were the lowest class,
because they didn’t make anything
themselves. They took what was made
from Farmers or Craftsman and sold it.
land
protection
Food/goods
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Merchants
(serfs)
protection
Comparision: Religion
Unit 1.1 East Asia
Unit 1.2 Abbasid Caliphate
o Religion key to state building worldwide o Confucianism factor in flourishing of Song
China
o Islam created a system of shared beliefs
and language (Arabic) which united the o Rulers used principles of Confucians to
justify it’s rule over China
regions throughout Afro-Eurasia
o All bureaucratic workers studied
Confucianism because they had to pass a
civil service exam which was Confucian
Big Picture
• Technology: gunpowder & paper
• small states decline & civilizations
grow
• Religion spreads, but local religion
declines
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Comparison: Religion
Hinduism
Cycle of
reincarnation
soul
Escape from
reincarnation
cycle
Divine being
a part of all reality
Through Samsara the atman seeks moksha to escape from the material world and become one with
brahman, but the pace of this progress depends on karma.
Total of life’s choices: if you were good,
you’ve collected good karma & are closer to
moksha
Indian’s believe your karma assigns
you to your place in the caste
system
Buddhism
o aim of Buddhism to to liberate sentient beings from suffering.
o Life often involves suffering, because we want things to be a certain way.
o The cure is to rise above the desire by following the noble 8-fold path.
o (1) right view (2) right resolve (3) right speech (4) right action (5) right livelihood (6) right effort (7) right
mindfulness (8) right concentration
o Leads us to the complete liberation from suffering and desire
In the Hindu or Buddhist religions, this
can represent Samsara or Karma
Before Hitler, the German nationalists
were already using the symbol to
represent creating and effecting life
For the Nazis, the symbol spins right
on
ss ed
Le us
Pa
Wait a minute…what’s this??
Comparision: Religion
Unit 1.6 Europe
Unit 1.3 Hinduism/Buddhism
o Like China w/Confucianism, Abbasid
w/Islam, Asian leaders relied on principles
of Hinduism & Buddhism to consolidate
power
o Especially Hinduism’s teaching of the
caste system
o During this time, individual European
states were relatively weak via
feudalism.
o States weren’t strengthened w/ religion
like they were elsewhere, but Catholic
Church still attempted to organized
society
o However, during this period some
powerful political states emerged in
France & the Holy Roman Empire which
led to a struggle for power btwn church &
state
Big Picture
• Technology: gunpowder & paper
• small states decline & civilizations
grow
• Religion spreads, but local religion
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Comparison & Effects: Religion
All major world religions spread (5 mins) during this period:
● Christianity l Islam l Buddhism
● conversionist religions (tried to convert people)
● Spread of religions weakened local indigenous religions
● Many Hindu’s converted to Islam to avoid caste system
Conversion via 3 Ms: Missionaries, Military, Merchants,
MISSIONARIES: All 3 sent missionaries & converted huge
portions of world’s population
MILITARY: Muslims invaded northern India & established
Delhi Sultanate & converted about 25% of Indian population
to Islam
Muslims didn’t order people to convert, but people
converted to (1) avoid paying jizya (tax for not being a
Muslim) or (2) get greater opportunity in gov’t or
business
MERCHANTS: due to trade across Sahara & Indian Oceans,
Merchants weren’t just carrying goods, but also whole
cultural structures
Comparison: State Building in Period 1
1200-1450
Effects: Technology from China
Champa Rice 🡪 Population boom
Paper making (2 mins) from China 🡪
West led to spike in literacy rates in
Europe, SW Asia, N. Africa 🡪 learning in
medicine & math 🡪 House of Wisdom in
Bagdad
House of Wisdom: Abbasid
dynasty, place of study &
translation of European & Asian
works of the past
Scholars at an Abbasid library.
The House of Wisdom and its
contents were destroyed in the Siege
of Baghdad in 1258, leaving little
archaeological evidence, thus many
historians question the existence of
the House of Wisdom
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Effects & CCOT: Nomadic People
Mongols: pastoral people from central Asian steppe, & ruled over
huge Empire stretching across afro-Eurasia
Vast empire led to political stability & safety 🡪 increased trade
among silk road 🡪 cross-cultural interactions
Turks: also from Central Asian steppes, but unlike Mongols who
built empire as coordinated campaign w/unified Mongol clans,
Turkish groups built separate empires:
Seljuk & Ottoman Turks In Mediterranean
Other Turks in Persia area
Prior to this nomads had huge role in transfer of technology &
culture among different states, but from 1200-1450 (period 1)
influence of nomadic people began to decline since merchants and
traders arose
Comparison: State Building in Period 1 1200-1450
Unit 1 FREEMAM-PEDIA Map Summary
FREEMAN-PEDIA Unit 2 Map
Study Mr. Freeman’s map for a quick overview of the spread of
religions, goods, technology, etc. Pay attention to the key at the
bottom of the map.
Mr. Freeman – PERIODIZATION Video (3 mins)
•
•
•
•
1200-1450 TRADE
1450-1750 EMPIRES
1750-1900 REVOLUTION & INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1900-Present DEATH: War, Disease, Genocide, Bombs, Climate Change, Terrorism
HTS: Argumentation
Create a claim (a thesis statement) and support it with evidence
Learning Objective
In what ways was the process of state-building in various parts of the world btwn 1200-1450 similar &
different?
Review the regions in your completed chart and create a claim using a historical thinking skills listed with
Example Comparison Claim: Many rulerseach
wereregion.
similar in that they used religion to legitimize
their rule. (even better would be to list which rulers, instead of stating “many”)
Evidence:
• The Abbasid empire & Mali used Islam to legitimize rule
• Similarly, Song Dynasty used Confucianism, people adhered to social order w/values like filial
piety & 5 key relationships which ensured people remained loyal to emperor since they were
taught to respect him
• Likewise Hinduism used in Vijayanagar & Majaphit
• As well as Buddhism in Srivijaya
Phrase it as a Comparison Claim:
HTS: Argumentation
Create a claim (a thesis statement) and support it with evidence
Learning Objective
In what ways was the process of state-building in various parts of the world btwn 1200-1450 similar &
different?
Review the regions in your completed chart and create a claim using a historical thinking skills listed with
Example Comparison Claim: Many rulerseach
wereregion.
different in that they used religion to legitimize
their rule.
Evidence:
Many rulers used religion to legitimize their authority, which set them apart. Unlike the Song
Dynasty and the Abbasid Caliphate, which used simple cultural and religious values to legitimize
government authority, Europe was decentralized, so Christian beliefs united the people socially
through the Catholic Church in a way that no controlling government did at the time.
Phrase it as a Comparison Claim:
similar use words like similarly, likewise
different use words like differently, alternatively,
whereas
Learning Objective Check
In what ways was the process of state-building in various parts of the world btwn 1200-1450 similar &
different?
Review the regions in your completed chart to answer these questions.
Q: How did states use belief systems to gain
Q: How did states promote innovation and
legitimacy?
exchange?
A:
• Aztecs w/sacrifice
• Dehli Sultanate encouraging Islam over
Hinduism
• Song Dynasty & Confucianism values of filial
piety to remain loyal to emperor & merit to
establish bureaucracy
A:
• Song Dynasty was urban w/massive cities,
eliminate curfews, people started exploring
• House of wisdom in Bagdad, caliphates directly
funding scholarship
• Americas with chimpanas system
A: How did states benefit from trade?
• Srivijaya taxed people to pass through trading
ports
• Mansa Musa capitalized on Saharan Trade
routes
Comparison: State Building in Period 1
1200-1450
Learning Objective Check
In what ways was the process of state-building in various parts of the world btwn 1200-1450 similar &
different?
Review the regions in your completed chart and create a claim using a historical thinking skills listed with
Q: In what ways was the process of state-buildingeach region.
Q: In what ways was the process of state-building
similar?
different?
A: In Europe, 3-field crop rotation & Champa rice in
China promoted larger populations
A: Song China had a large bureaucracy to rule, but
Japan very feudal and regional.
A: Mali Kingdom & Abbasid Caliphate used Islam
to unite previously united people, and South and SE
Asia used Hinduism & Buddhism to consolidate
power
A: Abbasid Caliphate used religion to help solidify
power, but Western European kingdoms separate from
power of Roman Catholic Church.
A: The world saw an increase in religious diversity
via missionaries, military, and merchants.
A: Swahili Coast interconnected to trade routes, and Silk
Road connected Song China & Abbaasid Caliphate, but
Western Europe was slow to develop because it was
outside these trade routes.
A: Papermaking led to an increase in learning
medicine & math in Afro-Eurasia and South and SW A. Inca had to pay tribute, Aztec had mit’a system
Comparison: State Building
in Period 1 public
1200-1450
Asia.
(mandatory
service)
Learning Objective Check
In what ways was the process of state-building in various parts of the world btwn 1200-1450 similar &
different?
Review the regions in your completed chart and identify the historical thinking skills listed with each region.
Q: Give an example of where states in some areas
grew larger, while states in other areas grew weaker.
Q: Explain how the increase in cross-cultural exchanges
impacted regions throughout Afro-Eurasia
A. Cultural & technology progress 🡪 states grew. I.e.
Song China, Chola Kingdom & Vijayanager Empire
via trade. Smaller states declined due to lack of
innovation.
A. Crop innovation technology influence trade, I.E. Champa
rice from Vietnam to China 🡪 Song population grew,
supported by proto-industrialization 🡪 steel, silk, porcelain,
iron increased. Paper went to Europe, SW Asia, N. Africa &
increased literacy & learning of math & medicine. Conflict
due to transferring knowledge & religion along trade
networks. Cross-cultural interactions & transfers intensified
& several contacts btwn Europe & China facilitated by
Mongols.
Q: How was the role of religion in empire and state
building similar or different throughout Afro-Eurasia?
A. SAME: Islamic & African world: Islam legitimized
rulers, Song Dynasty used Confucianism, Buddhism
& Hinduism in S & SE Asia
A. DIFFERENT: European states weak during
middle ages, Catholic church used diff. structure for
organizing society, but eventually France & Holy
Roman Empire emergence and challenged church
Q: Explain how the role of nomads changed over time in the
process of state building.
A. Mongol dominance over Asia/E. Europe brought political
stability & expansion of trade. Same w/ Seljuks & Ottoman
Turks.
Their
declined as merchants trading impact
Comparison: State Building
in Period
1 impact
1200-1450
Videos
Unit
Heimler
Freeman
Crash Course
Misc
1.1 East Asia
Song China
(7 mins)
Champa Rice
(15 mins)
East Asia (5 mins)
Chinese History
(12 mins)
Chinese Dynasties
(5 mins)
1.2 Dar al-Islam
Dar al-Islam
(6 mins)
Mamluks
(15 mins)
Dar Al-Islam (3 mins)
Islam & the Quran
(13 mins)
1.3 S. & SE Asia
India & S. Asia
(5 miins)
Srivijaya
(16 mins)
Buddha & Ashoka
(12 mins)
Americas & Africa
(5 mins)
SE Asia & Americas (3 mins)
1.4 Americas
1.5 Africa
Aztec Life (12 mins)
Inca (4 mins)
Maya (4 mins)
Mansa Musa
(11 mins)
1.6 Europe
Europe
(6 mins)
1.7 Review
Review
(9 mins)
Africa & Europe (5 mins)
The Dark Ages (12 mins)
The Crusades (12 mins)
Little Ice Age (10 mins)
Magna Carta Rap Battle
(3 mins)
Unit 1 Review by Gorges
(30 mins)