lOMoARcPSD|22847129 GP2 Q3 MELC 6 MOD 2 - General Physics II Introductory Physics (University of the Philippines System) Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Quarter 3 – Module 2: ELECTRIC FORCE i Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 General Physics 2 – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 3 – Module 2: Electric Force First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE WRITERS: MARIA CHARLENE D. DIPAD EDITORS: WELIMEN C. OSEO REVIEWERS: MICHELLE H. GUADAMOR WELIMEN C. OSEO ILLUSTRATOR: JERIEL G. MARTIREZ LAYOUT ARTIST: SEVERINO R. CANTUBA JR. ROMAN B. JEBULAN KEVIN H. OJOS JERIEL G. MARTIREZ DAVE B. FORTES i Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GENERAL PHYSICS 2 Quarter 3 – Module 2: Electric Force ii Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Most Essential Learning Competency Calculate the net electric force on a point charge exerted by a system of point charges. (GP12EMIII a-6) 1 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Electric Force Introduction “In a macro world, gravitational attraction between two objects is strong. In contrast, at the subatomic level, the electrostatic attraction between two charges such as an electron and a proton is far greater than the gravitational attraction.” As you go on this module, you will learn more about this electrostatic force that governs the micro world. Most Essential Learning Competency & Objectives In this module, you will learn to calculate the net electric force on a point charge exerted by a system of point charges (GP12EMIIIa-6). Specifically, you should be able to: 1. Explain the relationship between electric force and magnitude of the charges. 2. Explain the relationship between electric force and distance of separation between charges. 3. Calculate the net electric force on a point charge due to two or morepoint charges. 2 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Pre-Test Before we start our lesson, try to answer these ten (10) questions on electric force. low. Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Coulomb’s law states that electric force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the forces and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Which equation correctly represents the statement above? a. F = kq1/r2 c. F = kq1q2/r b. F = k q1q2/r2 d. F = kq2/r 2. Two equal positive isolated electric charges of value q are separated by a distance, r, and exert a force F on each other. One of the charges is increased to 2q; the other is increased to 3q. The force will change to _______________. a. (3/2) F c. 3F b. 2F d. 6F 3. What will happen to the electrical force if the magnitude of one of the charges is doubled? The force will be________. a. doubled c. tripled b. quadrupled d. not changed 4. What will happen to the electrical force if both charges are doubled? The force will be________. a. doubled c. tripled b. quadrupled d. not change 5. What will happen to the electrical force if the distance of separation between charges is doubled? a. doubled c. reduced to 1/2 b. quadrupled d. reduced to 1/4 3 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 6. Two protons, each with a charge of 1.6 x 10 -19 C are separated by a distance of 5.3 x 10 -11 m. What is the magnitude of electrical force of repulsion between them? a. 8.2 x 10 -6 N c. 8.2 x 10 -8 N b. 8.2 x 10 -7 N d. 8.2 x 10 -9 N For questions 7 and 8, refer to the problem below. Two point charges are located on the positive x –axis of a coordinate system. Charge q1 = 1.0 nC is 2.0 cm from the origin and charge q2 = -3.0 nC is 4.0 cm from the origin. 7. What is the magnitude of electrostatic force exerted by q1 on q3? q2 on q3? F13 1.12 x 10 -4 N 1.12 x 10 -5 N 1.12 x 10 -6 N 1.12 x10 -7 N a. b. c. d. F23 8.4 x 10 -5 N 8.4 x 10-6 N 8.4 x 10 -7 N 8.4 x 10 -8 N 8. What is the net electric force on q3? a. 2.8 x 10 -4 N b. 2.8 x 10 -5 N c. 2.8 x 10 -6 N d. 2.8 x 10 -7 N For numbers 9-10, refer to the problem below. A system of three charges is shown in the figure below. Calculate the net electrical force of charges q2 (-1.0 x 10-5C) and q3 ( 3.0x 10-5C) on q1 ( 2.0 x 10-5). 2.0 m +q1 +q3 1.0 m -q2 9. What is the magnitude of F2 and F3? F2 F3 a. 1.5 N 1.0 N b. 1.8 N 1.4 N c. 2.0 N 1.8 N d. 2.8 N 2.0 n 4 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 10. What is the magnitude of the resultant force? a. 1.8 N, 450 below the negative x-axis b. 2.3 N, 450 above the negative x-axis c. 1.8 N, 520 below the negative x-axis d. 2.3 N, 520 below the negative x -axis How did you find the test? If you got a score of 10/10, you can proceed to the next module. It is alright if you don’t get a perfect score. As you go on with this module, you will learn more about electric forces. So get ready as you go on with another journey ahead of you. 5 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Learning Activities E licit/ Engage In the previous module, you have learned about charges and the methods of charging. Let us recall the key ideas by answering the task given below. What do you think will happen to the leaves of an electroscope? Will they move towards each other or will they move apart? Why do you say so? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 6 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Were you able to use the concept on Law of Charges in answering the question? We need this concept to better understand the lesson in this module. ENGAGE Charges are contained inside an atom. Protons carry the positive charge while electrons carry the negative charge. When two materials are rubbed together just like in the examples given in the previous module, they become electrically charged. When objects are charged, it has an ability to affect the behavior of objects surrounding it. But, how do charged objects interact with each other? Write down your initial ideas on how charged objects interact with each other. How do charged objects interact? You will learn more about electric forces as you go on the succeeding activities. 7 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 E xplore Activity 1: Coulomb’s Law for the Electric Force Picture Analysis 1: Electric Force and Magnitude of Point Charges Study the three (3) diagrams below. As you analyze the figures, take note of the magnitude/size of the point charge and the force. The length of the arrow represents the magnitude of the force. Then, answer the following guide questions. F F + + + + F F F F - - - F F Guide Questions: F F - + + - F F 1. How would you describe the forces acting between point charges? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 2. If the magnitude of the point charges becomes bigger, what do you think will happen to force between the charges? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. How would you relate electric force and the magnitude of the point charges? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 8 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Picture Analysis 2: Electric Force and Distance In the next task, you will analyze how electric force is affected by the distance. Again, take note the magnitude of the force represented by the length of the arrow. After studying the diagram, answer the guide questions below. + + + + Figure 1 Guide Questions 1. What happens to the electric force as the distance of separation between point charges decreases? How about when distance increases? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. How would you relate electric force and the distance of separation between point charges? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. Considering the diagrams in picture analysis 1 and 2, how would you relate electric force to the magnitude of point charges and distance of separation between them? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Were you able to answer the guide questions? All of these is describe as Coulomb’s law. In the next activity, you will find out more about this law. 9 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Activity 2: Calculating Electric Force Part I: Force on a Point Charge due to two-point charges Study the table below and find out how the magnitude of electric force is computed. constant, permittivity of free space (K) Magnitude of charge 1 Magnitude of charge 2 (q1) (q2) Distance between two charges (r) Square of the distance between two charges Magnitude of electric force (F) (r2) 9 x 109 N.m2/C2 25 x 10-9 C -75 x 10-9C 0.030 m 9x10-4m2 0.019 N 1. How did you compute the value of the electric force? What equation did you use? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2. In column no. 5, notice that the distance between charges is squared, what does it imply about the relationship between electric force and distance between point charges? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3. Using the equation you’ve formulated, solve the problem presented below. In a hydrogen atom, the electron is separated from the proton by average distance of about 5.3 x 10 – 11 m. Calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction exerted by the proton on the electron. ( The charge of proton is 1.6 x 10-19 C while the charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10-19 C) given: find: solution 10 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Part II: Force on a Point Charge due to multiple charges In part I, you’ve calculated the electric force on a point charge, q1, due to another point charge, q2. Suppose that another point charge, q3, is also present, what would be the net force on q1 due to q2 and q3? It is easier to deal with such problem in parts. As you continue the exploration, please be guided of the following steps. Problem Solving Tips 1. Find the magnitude and direction of the force exerted on q1 by q2 (ignoring q3). 2. Determine the force exerted on q1 by q3 (ignoring q2). 3. The net force on q1 is the vector sum of these forces. Use these tips in calculating the force on a point charge due to point charges 2 and 3. Three Charges on a Line Three point charges lie along the x-axis in a vacuum. Determine the magnitude and direction of the net electrostatic force on q1. q₂ q1 0.20 m - 4.0 µC 0.15 m 3.0 µC 11 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) q3 - 7.0 µC lOMoARcPSD|22847129 The Free Body Diagram (FBD) is as shown. F1 2 q1 F1 3 Guide Questions: 1. Why do you think the force exerted on q1 by q2 is directed to the left? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 2. Why do you think F13 is directed to the right? ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 3. Using the equation you’ve formulated in Activity 1, compute for the magnitude of F12. 4. What is the magnitude of F13? 5. Since F12 points in the (-) x-direction and F13 points in the (+) x direction, the net force is the vector sum of F12 and F13. Show your calculation on how to compute for the net force in the space provided below. 12 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 E xplain Electric force or electrostatic force exists between point charges. The force exerted by one point charge to another acts along the line between charges. It can be repulsive or an attractive force. A repulsive force exists between like charges and an attractive force for unlike charges. How do we calculate the magnitude of this force? Coulomb’s Law is used to calculate the magnitude of electric force. It states that electric force is directly proportional to product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The law shows that electric force is dependent upon the size of the charges and their distance of separation. As shown in picture analysis 1, electric force is dependent upon the magnitude of the charge. As the size of the charges increases, the electric force also increases and vice versa. In picture analysis 2, electric force is dependent on the distance of separation between charges. As the distance decreases, the electric force increases and vice versa. Coulomb’s Law follows the inverse square law. It means that if the distance of separation between two objects increases, the repulsive or attractive force between the objects decreases. Decreasing the separation distance between objects, increases the electric force between the two objects. Applying the inverse square relationship in Coulomb’s law, you will notice that electrostatic force between two point charges varies inversely with the square of the distance of separation between the two charges. That is, the factor by which the electrostatic force is changed is the inverse of the square of the factor by which the separation distance is changed. So if the separation distance is doubled (increased by a factor of 2), then the electrostatic force is decreased by a factor of four (2 raised to the second power). And if the separation distance is tripled (increased by a factor of 3), then the electrostatic force is decreased by a factor of nine (3 raised to the second power). 13 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 In a quantitative form, Coulomb’s Law is expressed as: where: Fe = force on each charge in Newton (N) q1 & q2 = interacting point charges in Coulombs (C) r = distance of separation between point charges in meters (m) k = constant of proportionality. 9 x 10 9 Nm2/C2 Traditionally, Coulomb’s Law is written as: This equation is used in solving the problem presented during the explore part. In a hydrogen atom, the electron is separated from the proton by average distance of about 5.3 x 10 – 11 m. Calculate the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction exerted by the proton on the electron. ( The charge of proton is 1.6 x 10 -19 C while the charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10-19 C) given: q1 = 1.6 x 10-19 C q2 -1.6 x 10-19 C r = 5.3 x 10 – 11 m find: F solution: F = k /𝑞1𝑞2/ 𝑟2 = 9 x 10 9 n m2/C2 ( 1.6 x 10 -19 C)2 / (5.3 x 10-11m)2 = 8.20 x 10-8 N To calculate the net force exerted on a point charge due to multiple charges, you will apply the Principle of Superposition of Forces. By using this principle, you can apply Coulomb’s Law to any collection of charges. The principle explains that the total force acting on that charge is the vector sum of the forces that the two charges would exert individually. This principle is demonstrated in Problem 2 in the explore part. 14 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Three Charges on a Line Three point charges lie along the x-axis in a vacuum. Determine the magnitude and direction of the net electrostatic force on q1. q₂ q1 0.20 m - 4.0 µC 0.15 m 3.0 µC given: q1 = 3.0 x 10 -6 C q2 = -4.0 x 10 -6 C q3 = -7.0 x 10 -6 C q3 - 7.0 µC r12 = 0.20 m r13 = 0.15 m find: net electric force on q1 Solution: a. F12 = k q1q2/r122 = 9 x 109 Nm2/C2 ( 3.0 x 10-6 C) ( 4 x 10 -6 C)/ (0.20 m)2 = 2.7 N b. F13= k q1q3/r132 = 9x109Nm2/C2 (3.0 x 10-6C) ( 7 x 10-6)/ (0.15m)2 = 8.4 N Since F12 points in the ( -) x direction and F13 points in the (+) x direction, the net F is: Fnet = F12 + F13 = (-2.7 N) + (8.4N) = 5.7 N points to the right. Have you noticed that Coulomb’s Law which describes the electric force is comparable to Newton’s Laws of Universal Gravitation? Both follow the inverse-square law. The difference is that electric force can be attractive or repulsive while gravitational force is always attractive. 15 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 E laborate One important clinical application concerning electric forces is electrocardiography or ECG. Let’s find out the physics behind it. Electrocardiography or ECG is a technique for analyzing the condition of the heart. As each muscle cell in the heart contracts, positive and negative charges are separated. The polarization of charges is shown in the diagram below. The effect of the charges separated across all of the contracting muscle cells at one instant time of time can be represented by a single positive and a single negative charge. The magnitude and relative location of these charges depends on the number and orientations of muscle cells that are contracting at any one time. Since the heart repeats a cycle of contraction about one each second, it produces charge distribution that change magnitude and location in a repetitive fashion-once each second. At any instant of time, the electric charges on the heart exert forces on ions in the body surface tissue that cause the ions to move. ++ - electrode electrode For example, the charges on the heart force sodium ions in the tissue toward the left and chlorine ions toward the right. Electrodes placed on the arms absorb charges of different signs. The heart acts much like a battery pushing opposite charges in opposite directions in the body tissue. An electrocardiogram is a 16 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 recording of the charge separation on the body’s surface caused by the electric charge of the heart. Abnormalities in the size or timing sequence of different phases of the heartbeat cycle are easily detected by these electrodes. Can you now explain to your family how ECG works? Now, it’s time to write down what have you learned in this module. 1. How would you relate electric force to the magnitude of charges and distance between charges? of 2. What problem solving technique would help you to calculate the electric force on a point charge due to multiple charges? separation 17 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 E xtend Do you want to have a challenge? I know you can do this! In the problem presented below, you will apply what you’ve learned in Coulomb’s Law, Principle of Superposition of Forces and the component method in resolving force vectors. Challenge Problem 1: Three Charges in a Plane Three point charges lie in the x,y plane in a vacuum. Find the magnitude and direction of the net electrostatic force on q1. The force exerted on q1 by q2 is represented by F12 and is an attractive force because the two charges have opposite signs. It points along the line between charges. The force exerted on q1 by q3 is F13 and is also an attractive force. It points along the line between q1 and q3. 1. Using Coulomb’s Law, compute for the magnitude of F12 and F13. a. F12 = 18 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 b. F13 = 2. The net force is the vector sum of F12 and F13. Use the component method to find the magnitude and direction of the net force. Force x-component y-component F12 F13 Fx = Fy = The net force is: The direction of the net force is: Good job for solving the challenge problem. You are now ready to take our post-test. But before taking the test, kindly review the physics terms used in this module. 19 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Vocabulary List You may refer to the following vocabulary words used in this module: Coulomb’s Law – established by Charles Augustin de Coulomb. It states that the magnitude of the electric force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. – typically made of gold foil leaves hung from a conducting metal stem and is insulated from the room air in a glass-walled container. inverse-square law – principle in physics that the effect of certain forces on an object varies by the inverse square of the distance between the object and source of the force. point charge –charged bodies that are very small in comparison with the distance in between them. electroscope principle of superposition of forces – principle that states that any number of forces applied at a point on a body have the same effect as s ingle force equal to the vector sum of the forces. 20 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Post-Test E valuate Directions: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. 1. Coulomb’s law states that electric force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the forces and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Which equation correctly represents the statement above? a. F = kq1/r2 c. F = kq1q2/r b. F = k q1q2/r2 d. F = kq2/r 2. Two equal positive isolated electric charges of value q are separated by a distance, r, and exert a force F on each other. One of the charges is increased to 2q; the other is increased to 3q. The force will change to _______________. a. (3/2) F c. 3F b. 2F d. 6F 3. What will happen to the electrical force if the magnitude of one of the charges is doubled? The force will be________. a.doubled c. tripled b. quadrupled d. not changed 4. What will happen to the electrical force if both charges are doubled? The force will be________. a. doubled c. tripled b. quadrupled d. not change 5. What will happen to the electrical force if the distance of separation between charges is doubled? a. doubled c. reduced to 1/2 b. quadrupled d. reduced to 1/4 6. Two protons, each with a charge of 1.6 x 10 -19 C are separated by a distance of 5.3 x 10 -11 m. What is the magnitude of electrical force of repulsion between them? a. 8.2 x 10 -6 N c. 8.2 x 10 -8 N b. 8.2 x 10 -7 N d. 8.2 x 10 -9 N 21 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 For questions 7 and 8, refer to the problem below. Two point charges are located on the positive x –axis of a coordinate system. Charge q1 = 1.0 nC is 2.0 cm from the origin and charge q2 = -3.0 nC is 4.0 cm from the origin. 7. What is the magnitude of electrostatic force exerted by q1 on q3? q2 on q3? F13 1.12 x 10 -4 N 1.12 x 10 -5 N 1.12 x 10 -6 N 1.12 x10 -7 N a. b. c. d. F23 8.4 x 10 -5 N 8.4 x 10-6 N 8.4 x 10 -7 N 8.4 x 10 -8 N 8. What is the net electric force on q3? a. 2.8 x 10 -4 N b. 2.8 x 10 -5 N c. 2.8 x 10 -6 N d. 2.8 x 10 -7 N For numbers 9-10, refer to the problem below. A system of three charges is shown in the figure below. Calculate the net electrical force of charges q2 (-1.0 x 10-5C) and q3 ( 3.0x 10-5C) on q1 ( 2.0 x 10-5). 2.0 m +q1 +q3 1.0 m -q2 9. What is the magnitude of F2 and F3? F2 F3 a. 1.5 N 1.0 N b. 1.8 N 1.4 N c. 2.0 N 1.8 N d. 2.8 N 2.0 n 10. What is the magnitude of the resultant force? a. 1.8 N, 450 below the negative x-axis b. 2.3 N, 450 above the negative x-axis c. 1.8 N, 520 below the negative x-axis d. 2.3 N, 520 below the negative x -axis 22 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 Answer Keys Pre-Test Answer Keys 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B D A B D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D Learning Activities Answer Keys Elicit • When a negatively charges object is brought near an electroscope, it causes the free moving electrons in the electroscope to move down into the leaves leaving the knob (top part) positive. Since like charges repel, the leaves with both negative charge repeal each other and move apart. Engage Activity 1: Coulomb’s Law for the Electric Force Picture Analysis 1: Electric Force and magnitude of the point charges 1. Forces can be attractive or repulsive. Its magnitude depends on the magnitude of the charges and its direction depends on the signs of the point charges. 2. If the magnitude of the point charges becomes bigger, the force between charges increases. 3. Electric force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the point charges. Increasing the size of the charges increases the force. Decreasing its size, decreases the force. Picture Analysis 2: Electric Force and distance 1. As the distance of separation between point charges decreases, the force increases. As the distance increases, the electric force between charges decreases. 2. Electric force is inversely proportional to the distance of separation between point charges. 23 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 3. Electric force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance of separation between them. Activity 2: Calculating Electric Force Part I: Force on a Point Charge due to two point charges 1. The equation for Coulomb’s Law is used to compute for the magnitude of electric force. 2. Electric force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of separation between point charges. 3. F = 8.2 x 10 -8N Part II: Force in a Point Charge due to multiple charges 1. q1 and q2 have opposite signs so they attract one another, thus, the force exerted on q1 by q2 is F12 and it points to the left. 2. The force exerted by q3 on q1 is F13 is also an attractive force so it points to the right. 3. F12 = 2.7 N 4. F13 = 8.4 N 5. Since F12 points in the (–) x direction and F13 points in the (+) x direction, the net force is +5.7 N. The net force points to the right. Extend 1. F12 = 9.6 N 2. F13 = 18 N 3. Fx = 21 N; Fy =9.2 N The magnitude of F and the angle of the net force are 23 N, 24 0. Post-Test Answer Keys 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B D A B D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. D 24 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|22847129 References Printed Resources Basic ECG Theory, Recordings, and Interpretation by Anthony Dupre, Sarah Vincent and Paul A. Iaizzo. Retrieved from http://eknygos.lsmuni.lt/springer/675/191201.pdf on July 2, 2020 Cutnell, John D. and Johnson, Kenneth W. Physics 8th edition, ohn Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2008 pp 539-542 Department of Education.(May 2016) K to 12 senior high school specialized subject –General Physics 2 (Curriculum Guide) Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/General-Physics2.pdf Young Hugh D., Freedman, Roger A. and Ford, A. Lewis. University Physics with Modern Physics 12th Edition. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. 2009 pp 716-720 Heuvelen, Alan Van. Physics A General Introduction/Second Edition. Little, Brown and Company 1986 Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Physics 2 Online Resources http://scienceres-edcpeduc.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/07/sec_phys_electrostatics_coulombLaw940x705.jpg ( Coulomb’s Law equation) https://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/coulomb-s-lawproportionality-constant-permitivity-free-space-come-also-4-pi-come-thankq29607791 (permittivity constant) https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Coulombs-law-is-applicable-to-theNACAP_fig8_24328478 figure uploaded by Melvin R. Carruth (Coulomb’s Law with epsilon nought) https://www.dictionary.com/browse/inverse-square--law https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/estatics/Lesson-3/Inverse-Square-Law 25 Downloaded by Mary Rose Lepardo - Rosanes (mrlepardo@gmail.com)