Proceedings of ICAEEC-2019, IIIT Allahabad India, 31st May - 1st June,2019
Performance improvement of IEEE-30 bus system using
UPFC and SSSC on PSAT
Chandra Prakash Prajapati1 and A.K. Dahiya2
1
National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India
chintuprajapati786@gmail.com
2 National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, India
anildau@yahoo.co.in
Abstract. Due to rapid growth in industrialization and urbanization more capable transmission and distribution system is required to overcome the growing
demand for electricity. So to meet up the demand of increasing power recent
new technology, i.e., Flexible AC Transmission System devices (FACTS), has
been developed in recent decades. The goal of the paper is to improve the voltage of a test system and compare the performance of two FACTS devices
UPFC and SSSC. In this paper, we have used an IEEE- 30 bus as a test system
and modeled it using PSAT software. First, we find the critical bus having a
low voltage profile and then by trial and error method we searched for more efficient FACTS device at the appropriate location for maximum voltage enhancement of that critical bus.
Keywords: IEEE - 30 buses, UPFC, SSSC, PSAT
1
Introduction
A major concern of a power engineer is the instability in the power system due to
voltage fluctuation. Voltage collapse is a serious problem which is undesirable at the
customer side. For enhancing voltage in a network stability analysis is very important.
Voltage profile of a network is getting affected day by day due to increment in load
demand. Load flow analysis is very important to tackle this problem. Some of the
modern advanced devices like FACTS are very handful in voltage profile improvement of a system. Continuous attention is required in the issued related to power quality. Due to the increment in the number of loads which is sensitive to power quality it
has created a problem in power quality in recent years. So the changes in user requirements and equipment have made a new goal for an electrical engineer to work in
the area for providing a good power quality [1]. When the reactive power demand is
not met, our power system will have problems related to voltage instability and collapse. Continuous changes in the transmission system are happening worldwide to
make the transmission system more flexible to load patterns and diverse power generation. In order to generate employment and support developing industries, it is necessary to invest in transmission in an optimized manner [2]. As power demand increas-
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es, the operation and control of power system networks become more complex. The
control of an existing network is mostly mechanical. Recently, some devices such as
computers and high-speed communication devices have emerged for controlling and
protecting transmission systems. Although the control signal is sent from these electronic devices still the final switching action is done from the mechanical device only.
Since these mechanical devices are slow in action so frequent control cannot be obtained from these mechanical devices. This slow action causes quick to wear out of
these devices as compared to static devices. Because of such reasons FACTS technology was developed. The introduction of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS)
about thirty years ago has led to improvements in the power flow in transmission
systems [3-4].
Some of the FACTS devices which have been running in operation are SSSC and
UPFC comes under series and series-shunt family, respectively. Meikandasivam [5]
referred a brief study of an SSSC device about the operation, reactance characteristic
and resonance and also a degree of series compensation (K) brings an idea of selecting the SSSC. System parameters like impedance, voltage, and phase angle are controlled either simultaneously or individually by UPFC [7-8]. One open source software used in this article is PSAT based on MATLAB. Some of the operations like
power flow, continuation power flow, etc. can be performed over a power system
network in PSAT [9]. IEEE 30 bus used in this paper consists of six generators. Line
generator and PV generator data of IEEE 30 bus system used in this paper. The main
aim of this paper is to analyze such FACTS device on an IEEE- 30 bus system and
there results are analyzed. The FACTS devices which are used for enhancement analysis are UPFC, SSSC.
2
FACTS Devices
Recent developments in industrialization and the urbanization of modern lifestyles
have brought about major changes in the global electricity industry. This huge change
has resulted in the great complexity of the existing electrical system. This modernization has created enormous work for electronics engineers by providing them with
effective ways to control voltage and power curves in an efficient and cost-effective
manner. One solution is to install a new one Transmission line. However, setting up a
new production line is a very difficult and very flexible task. The installation of new
transmission lines is not economically or environmentally beneficial. The FACTS
device used for extended analysis is the SSSC.
A new technology called FACTS (AC Flexible Transmission System) has been introduced to transmit power more economically and efficiently [5]. To increase control-lability and transmission capacity, factual devices use power electronics and controllers. The adoption of FACTS facilitates the adjustment of the phase angle, voltage,
series impedance, current, parallel impedance and serial impedance of the transmission line and allows a better distribution of voltage and power flow [2]. In the study of
the voltage distribution of the IEEE- 30 bus system, this article uses the FACTS device:
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• Stationary Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
• Unified power flow controller (UPFC)
2.1
Stationary Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
SSSC (Stationary Synchronous Series Compensator) is a The FACTS device is a
device based on a voltage source converter. A schematic diagram of the SSSC is
shown in Figure 3. It can Provide inductance and capacitance compensation
Independent of line current amplitude [3]. No external energy required Used for the
operation of SSSC. So it is completely controllable Independent of the transmission
line current. So it can Increase or decrease the overall voltage drop Transmission line
to control power flow Transmission line. SSSC has the ability to exchange activities
Reactive power and transmission line.
2.2
Unified power flow Controlled (UPFC)
In 1991, GyuGyi proposed the idea of UPFC (Unified Power Flow Controller) [3]. In
high voltage transmission systems, UPFC can easily provide high-speed pacing reactive power compensation. Since many parameters (phase angle, voltage, impedance
can be controlled with the help of UPFC. Thus its capability to control all these parameters has got it the term “unified”. This is the latest achievement of FACTS technology. The functionality of the other two FACTS devices is being combined with the
work for UPFC. The two devices are 1Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC). The two FACTS devices are
connected by a common DC voltage link. With the help of UPFC, the transient stability of the power system network can be obtained because it can suppress the oscillation in the power system network [7].
2.3
PSAT (POWER ANALYSIS AND TOOLBOX)
A useful MATLAB toolbox is PSAT for control and analysis of power systems [9].
It's portable and open source. PSAT can run on some of the most common operating
systems such as Windows, Unix, etc. PSAT includes low signal stability, optimal
power flow, power flow, and continuous power flow. The most important of PSAT is
the power flow algorithm. Once the operation is complete, the user can perform other
analyzes. These analyses are -
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•
•
•
•
•
Continuation power flow;
Optimal power flow;
Analysis of Small-signal stability;
Phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement;
Time domain simulation;
Besides mathematical routines and models, PSAT includes a variety of utilities, as
follows:•
•
•
•
•
3
Simulink library;
GUIs for settings system and routine parameters;
Construction and installation of user defined model;
Filters for converting data;
Command logs.
Power Flow Analysis of IEEE-30 Bus System
In the power flow analysis, the IEEE- 30 bus system was used and simulated with the
PSAT toolbox. As indicated in [9], the modified model is compared to the reference
model. It has been observed to follow the reference model. Figure1 illustrates a simulation model of the IEEE- 30 PSAT bus system. In addition, all input data such as PQ
load data branch data, power generation data, PV generator data, transformer tap setting data, Simulink PSAT model of IEEE-30 bus. In the Table 1 voltage profile at
bus 5 is in bold letters. It is found to be the least value in all buses. So in order to improve its voltage by FACTS device, i.e. UPFC and SSSC were placed on each line
simultaneously and output Voltage magnitude of bus 5 is in Table 1.
Fig. 1. PSAT simulation of IEEE -30 bus system
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Table 1. POWER FLOW RESULT OF IEEE- 30 BUS WITHOUT ANY FACTS
DEVICES
Bus No.
Bus Voltage(pu)
Phase Angle(pu)
1
0.90602
0
2
0.92323
-0.10703
3
0.92707
-0.16526
4
0.89698
-0.19002
5
0.84102
-0.27351
6
0.87602
-0.22110
7
0.85349
-0.25262
8
0.86110
-0.23230
9
0.89457
-0.29282
10
0.90602
-0.32947
11
0.89466
-0.29282
12
0.89198
-0.30548
13
0.89205
-0.30548
14
0.89525
-0.32572
15
0.88816
-0.33255
16
0.89007
-0.32249
17
0.89600
-0.33149
18
0.88249
-0.34580
19
0.88219
-0.34968
20
0.88739
-0.34584
21
0.90206
-0.34496
22
0.90539
-0.34673
23
0.90506
-0.35008
24
0.9363
-0.36503
25
0.90391
-0.33723
26
0.88671
-0.34545
27
0.89179
-0.31453
28
0.87217
-0.23396
29
0.87319
-0.33825
30
0.86241
-0.35500
Table 2. RESULT OF POWER FLOW AT BUS 5 WITH THE TWO FACTS
DEVICES IN IEEE- 30 BUS SYSTEM
From
bus
To bus
UPFC
SSSC
1
2
0.87533
0.86961
1
3
0.8566
0.85294
2
4
0.84249
0.84209
3
4
0.84419
0.84334
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2
5
0.87211
0.86375
2
6
0.84609
0.84480
4
6
0.84423
0.84347
5
7
0.84510
0.84449
6
7
0.84662
0.84554
6
8
0.84081
0.84084
6
9
0.84138
0.84116
6
10
0.84137
0.84115
9
11
0.84099
0.84099
9
10
0.84117
0.84106
4
12
0.84166
0.84127
12
13
0.84099
0.84099
12
14
0.84101
0.84099
12
15
0.84113
0.84108
12
16
0.84107
0.84105
14
15
0.84101
0.84101
16
17
0.84101
0.84102
15
18
0.84102
0.84101
18
19
0.84100
0.84100
19
20
0.84096
0.84097
10
20
0.84086
0.84089
10
17
0.84094
0.84096
10
21
0.84097
0.84095
10
22
0.84100
0.84098
21
22
0.84100
0.84100
15
23
0.84107
0.84108
22
24
0.84104
0.84102
23
24
0.84103
0.84107
24
25
0.84111
0.84110
25
26
0.84096
0.84096
25
27
0.84106
0.84104
28
27
0.84127
0.84112
27
29
0.84094
0.84094
27
30
0.84089
0.84089
29
30
0.84098
0.84097
8
28
0.84098
0.84099
6
28
0.84097
0.84096
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Fig. 2. Graphical Result of Voltage Profile of IEEE- 30 Bus System With FACTS
Devices At Bus No 5
4
Conclusion
The IEEE- 30 bus system model has been developed and simulated. The Power flow
result of IEEE- 30 bus is revealed voltage magnitude 0.84102pu at bus number 5.The
results have showed that the voltage profile on bus 5 has been improved significantly
with FACTS devices. Further, it has been observed that the performance of UPFC is
better than UPFC. It can, therefore, be concluded that UPFC provides better satisfactory results than SSSC for enhancing the voltage profile in IEEE- 30 bus system.
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