EDUC 90
THE TEACHER AND THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM
CURRICULUM
 A curriculum is a planned and guided set of learning experiences and intended outcomes,
formulated through the systematic reconstruction of knowledge and experiences for the
learner’s continuous and willful growth in personal social competence. (Tanner, 1980)
THE CURRICULA IN SCHOOL
Curriculum as a list of subjects
 Curriculum is the “permanent” or the traditional subjects offered in school such as
Mathematics, Language, Science and others
Curriculum as learning experiences
 Curriculum includes things learned by the students as a result of their experiences in
school with their peers, schoolmates, teachers, and school staff or the values they learned
from a school program.
Curriculum as intended learning outcomes
 The curriculum includes a list of learning competencies or standards that students should
learn in school.
Curriculum as planned experiences
 Curriculum includes documents specifying contents, objectives, or general ideas of what
students should know in schools or in a specific discipline.
Curriculum as a discipline
 Curriculum as a discipline has its own principles, theories and practices.
Curriculum as content or subject matter
 Curriculum is a series of topics under each subject area.
“CURRICULUM IS AT THE HEART OF THE TEACHING PROFESSION.”
TYPES OF CURRICULA
RECOMMENDED CURRICULUM
 This refers to what scholars propose as the most appropriate curriculum for the learners.
 Curriculum standards recommended by professional organizations are examples of
recommended curriculum.
 BASIC EDUCATION
- Department of Education
- Elementary
- Junior High School
- Senior High School
 HIGHER EDUCATION
- Commission on Higher Education
- Bachelor Degrees
- Graduate Degrees (Master and Doctorate)
 TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
- Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
- Post-secondary tech-voc education and training
WRITTEN CURRICULUM
 This refers to the official curriculum embodied in approved state curriculum guides.
 This includes documents based on the recommended curriculum.
o
o
o
o
Kindergarten School Curriculum Standards
K to 12 Enhanced Curriculum of 2013
CHED Curriculum for General Education (MO No. 20 s. 2013)
TESDA Modules and Competencies
IMPLEMENTED CURRICULUM
 This refers to the actual implementation of the curriculum or what teachers in the school
teach.
 The implemented curriculum will depend largely on the teaching style of the teacher and
the learning style of the learners.
SUPPORTED CURRICULUM
 This refers to the curriculum that is reflected on and shaped by the resources allocated to
support of deliver the official curriculum.
 These include print materials or non-print materials as well as the learning facilities
where learning occurs.
ASSESSED CURRICULUM
 This is a set of learning that is assessed in teacher-made classroom tests, curriculumreferenced tests, and in standardized tests.
o Assessment OF learning
o Assessment FOR learning
o Assessment AS learning
LEARNED CURRICULUM
 This refers to the result of the curriculum or what students actually, learned in school.
 It reveals whether the students learned and whether the schools are successful in attaining
their curriculum goals and objectives.
HIDDEN CURRICULUM
 This refers to various skills, knowledge, and attitudes that students learn in school as a
result of their interaction with other students, staff, and teachers.
 This curriculum is not deliberately planned but has a great impact on the behavior of the
learner.
ELEMENTS OF A CURRICULUM
1. Curriculum Intent - Refers to the direction that curriculum developers wish to take as a
result of participating in the curriculum.
• Aims
• Goals
• Objectives
 Aims - Broad statements of social or educational expectations.
 Goals - General statements of what concepts, skills and values should be learned in the
curriculum.
 Objectives - Specific learning outcomes
2. Content - It includes values, concepts, or skills that are important for the learners to
learn.
3. Learning Experiences - It include all instructional strategies that are useful for the
implementation of the curriculum.
4. Evaluation - It includes the different ways and tools used for evaluating whether or not
the curriculum intents were realized.
THE TEACHER AS A CURRICULARIST
CURRICULARIST
 A person who is involved in curriculum knowing, writing, planning, implementing,
evaluating, innovating and initiating may be designated as curricularist.
THE TEACHER AS A CURRICULARIST
 KNOWS THE CURRICULUM (KNOWER)
o As a teacher, one has to master what are included in the curriculum.
 WRITES THE CURRICULUM (WRITER)
o The teacher writes books, modules, laboratory manuals, instructional guides
and reference materials in paper or electronic media as a curriculum writer or
reviewer.
 PLANS THE CURRICULUM (PLANNER)
o It is the role of the teacher to make a yearly, monthly or daily plan of the
curriculum.
o The teacher takes into consideration several factors such as the learners, the
support material, time, subject matter or content, and the desired outcomes.
 INITIATES THE CURRICULUM (INITIATOR)
o Implementation of the curriculum requires the open-mindedness of the teacher
and full belief that the curriculum will enhance learning.
o A transformative teacher will never hesitate to try something novel and
relevant.
 INNOVATES THE CURRICULUM (INNOVATOR)
o A curriculum is always dynamic; hence it keeps on changing.
o From the content, strategies, ways of doing, blocks of time, ways of
evaluating, kinds of students, and skills for teachers, one cannot find a single
eternal curriculum that would perfectly fit
 IMPLEMENTS THE CURRICULUM (IMPLEMENTOR)
o The teacher is at the height of an engagement with the learners, with support
materials in order to achieve the desired outcome.
o The success of a recommended, well-written and planned curriculum depends
on its implementation.
 EVALUATES THE CURRICULUM (EVALUATOR)
o The teacher determines if the desired outcomes have been achieved and if the
curriculum is working.
Reference (PPT copy prepared by: Mrs. Joris Joyce G. Comoda)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kgpnAGloB119TduvEepuS7y3F2tYY2G/view?usp=drive_web&authuser=0