LEVEL 2 mr . kar eem aboz eed C ommi t t edT oBeT heBes tI nAc c ount i ng c os tac c ount i ng 3 PART 1 CAPTER اوود ﻴﻪد ﺎﻓ ﻠﻰﻛ اﻋ ﻠﻪ- ادىدﺟ ﺑﻪو ا ﺑﻮ ﺎم- اﻣ ره28 ﺎو ﻳﺪه-ﻣﺠ ﻟﺠﺪ ا ﺎط ﻴ ﻨﻪ:دﻣ ﻳ ﻟﻤﺪ ﻨا ﺳ ﻠﻮك ﻟﻤ ا ﻴﻪ ﺎﻓ ﻠﻰﻛ اﻋ زى- ﻠﻮ ﻟ ا رﺳﻪ رعﻣﺪ ﺎ ادﺷ ﺘﺪ اﻣ ر- ﺮو انﺳ ﻴﺪ ﻳﻤﻪ-ﻣ ﻟﻘﺪ ا ﺎط ﻴ ﺎﺳ :دﻣ ﻨﻣ ﺳ Chapter 1 : Introduction to cost and Management Accounting Cost Accounting تكملة العناصر الرئيسيه فى اتخاذ القرارات بالنسبه للمديرين Key themes in management decision making :- Supply – Chain Analysis The term supply Chain describe the flow of goods , services , and information from the initial sources of materials and services to the delivery of products to consumers , regardless of whether those activities occur in the same organization or in other organization. Page 1 Mr سلسلة التوريد وهى تصف تدفق السلع والخدمات والمعلومات من مصادرها االوليه من مواد خام وحتى توصيلها لمستخدمها بغض النظر عما اذا كانت تلك االنشطه فى نفس المنظمه او فى منظمات اخرى Kareem Abozeed • Chapter 1 : Introduction to cost and Management Accounting Cost Accounting عملية التخطيط والمراقبه Planning & Control Systems Planning : Selects goals , predicts results , decides how to attain goals , and communicates this to the organization. عملية التخطيط وهى عباره عن اختيار االهداف وتوقع النتائج وكيفية الوصول الى تلك االهداف ومالئمتها مع المنظمه Control : Takes actions that implement the planning decision , decides how to evaluate performance , and provides feedback to the organization. The Five-Step Decision-Making Process خمس خطوات لعملية اتخاذ القرارات 1- Identify the problems and uncertainties : What are the choices that are being faced and where do the uncertainties lie ? 2- Obtain information : Gather information before making a decision helps the manager to make a more informed decision. Page 2 Mr عملية المراقبه او التحكم وهى عباره عن اتخاذ بعض التصرفات والتى من شائنها تطبيق عملية التخطيط وتقرير كيفية تقييم االداء وتوفير اعادة تقييم للمنظمه تحديد ومعرفة المشكله من خالل-1 معرفة االختارات التى تتم مواجهتها واين تقع مشاكل عدم التاكد من تحديد المشكله تجميع معلومات قبل اتخاذ قرار-2 يساعد المدير على اتخاذ قرار اكثر حكمه Kareem Abozeed • Chapter 1 : Introduction to cost and Management Accounting 3- Make predictions about the future : On the basis of the information obtained attempt to predict the outcome of each course of action. 4- Make decisions by choosing among alternatives : The information has been gathered , and planning made. Select an alternative. 5- Implement the decision , evaluate performance , and learn : All the effort expended in steps 1 – 4 useless the decision is put into action. Once implemented , the decision must be monitored. This is performance evaluation. One way of doing this is by comparing the budget with the actual results. Mr بعد تجميع المعلومات يتم عمل-3 محاولة التنبؤ بتنفيذ كل تنبؤ بعد كل مراحل التخطيط السابقه-4 وتجميع المعلومات واختيار بديل مناسب المرحله االخيره وهى تنفيذ-5 القرار وتقييم االداء وكيفية التعلم وتعتبر االربع خطوات السابقه ليست لها قيمه بدون تنفيذ الخطوه الخامسه وبمجرد تنفيذ القرار البد من المراقبه عليه يتم تقييم االداء من خالل مقارنة النتائج المتوقعه بالنتائج الحقيقيه This makes budgeting a control tool in addition to a planning tool. Often this accomplished by the use of a performance report. Page 3 Cost Accounting وتعتبر اداة رقابيه بجانب انها اداه تخطيطيه Kareem Abozeed • Chapter 1 : Introduction to cost and Management Accounting A budget : Has been described as the quantitative expression of a proposed plan of action. It is a planning tool. Control : Is the action taken to implement the planning decisions represented by the budget. Cost Accounting الموازنه وهى تعبير كمى عن خطه محتمله معاده Continuous improvement and benchmarking Creates never ending search for higher levels of performance within many organizations. Creating value is an important part of planning and implementing strategy. • Value is the usefulness a customer gains from a company’s product or service. The entire customer experience determines the value a customer derives from a product. Page 4 Mr Kareem Abozeed • التطور المستمر والمقارنه مع افضل منافس من خالل عدم التوقف عن البحث المستمر من اجل مستوى اعلى دائما من االداء ملحوظات Chapter 1 : Introduction to cost and Management Accounting SUPPLY-CHAIN ANALYSIS • Production and Distribution are the parts of the value chain associated with producing and delivering a product or service. Cost Accounting Management accountants serve as business partners in these planning activities because they understand the key success factors and what creates value • These two functions together are known as the Supply Chain. • . KEY SUCCESS FACTORS SUSTAINABILITY • The interest in sustainability appears to be intensifying among companies for several reasons. Some of them are: ملحوظات عن االستدامه البيئيه • More and more investors care about sustainability • Companies that emphasize sustainability find that sustainability goals attract and inspire employees • Customers prefer the products of companies with good sustainability records and boycott companies with poor sustainability records • Society and activist, nongovernmental organizations monitor the sustainability performance of firms and take legal action against those that violate environmental laws. Page 5 Mr Kareem Abozeed •
