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The ranges for normal values may vary from laboratory to laboratory
Always check with each hospital for its own normal ranges for the particular testing
method and population
Always interpret within the context of the patient’s health status
Complete Blood Count with Clinical Implications
Component
Normal
Finding
(Adult)
Red blood cell Male: 4.5-5.3
count (RBC)
Female: 4.15.1
Increased
Decreased
Critical Values
Stress,
chronic
hypoxia,
dehydration, high
altitude,
polycythemia vera,
hemoconcentration
Dehydration, high
altitude,
polythemia vera,
chronic hypoxia
Alcohol
abuse,
hemolytic anemia,
hemorrhage,
leukemia,
pregnancy,
overhydration
Anemia,
alcohol
abuse, blood loss/
hemorrhage,
hemolysis,
pregnancy, dilution
Blood
loss/hemorrhage,
over
hydration,
dietary deficiency,
anemia,
alcohol
abuse, hemolysis,
pregnancy, dilution
Idiopathic
(unknown cause)
Thrombocytopenic
purpura,
viral
infections,
AIDs,
Systemic
lupus
erythematosus,
chemotherapy
drugs, some types
of anemias, severe
hemorrhage,
prosthetic
heart
valve
Autoimmune
disease,
anemia,
N/A
Hemoglobin
(Hgb)
Male: 13.8-18
Female: 12-16
Hematocrit
(Hct)
Male:
37%- Dehydration, high
49%
altitude,
Female: 36%- polythemia vera,
46%
chronic
hypoxia,
burns
Platelet
(Plt)
count 150,000350,000
White
Blood 4.500-11,000
(WBC) Count
Malignant tumors,
polycythemia vera,
acute
infection,
anemias,
heart
disease, cirrhosis,
liver
disease,
leukemias,
malignancies,
surgery, trauma, TB
Infections,
anemias,
<6, >18
<18%, >54%
<50,000
<2,500
>30,000
inflammatory
disorders,
pregnancy,
leukemias
Differential
WBC
Neutrophils
55-70%
Lymphocytes
20-40%
Moncytes
2-8%
Eosinophils
1-4%
Basophils
0-2%
Stress,
infection
alcoholism,
bone
marrow depression,
radiation,
autoimmune
disorders,
viral
infections,
antineoplastic
drugs
acute Viral
diseases,
drugs
such
as
chemotherapy and
some
antibiotics
(nafcillin, penicillin,
cephalosporins)
Radiation
Viral
infections, Adrenal
mononucleosis, TB corticosterioids and
other
immunosuppressive
drugs
Chronic
Drug
therapyinflammatory
predisone
disorders,
TB,
protozoa infections
Allergic reactions Corticosteroid
(asthma, hay fever, therapy
or
a
hypersensitivity to
a drug)
Leukemia
Acute
allergic
reaction,
corticosteroids,
acute infections
Common Blood Chemistry Tests with Clinical Implications (BMP and CMP)
Blood
Urea 8-21
Nitrogen (BUN)
Calcium (Ca)
8.2-10.2
Kidney Failure,
Congestive heart
failure, diabetes,
hypovolemia, muscle
wasting, ketoacidosis
Acidosis, Addison’s
disease, cancer,
dehydration,
hyperparathyroidism,
thyrotoxicosis
Celiac disease,
malnurtrition,
pregnancy, liver
failure
Alcoholism,
alkalosis, chronic
renal failure,
pancreatitis,
cirrhosis,
malnutrition
Carbon dioxide 22-26
Respiratory acidosis, Acute renal
(CO2)
metabolic alkalosis,
failure,
hypoventilation,
hyperventilation,
electrolyte
diabetic
disturbance, TB
ketoacidosis
,severe diarrhea,
metabolic
acidosis,
respiratory
alkalosis,
salicylate
poisoning
Creatinine
Female: 0.5-1.1 CHF, dehydration,
Inadequate
Male: 0.6-1.2
shock,
protein intake,
hyperthyroidism,
pregnancy, liver
renal failure
disease
Glucose (blood 70-110
Acute stress, trauma, Alcohol intake,
sugar)
diabetes, MI,
Addison’s
pancreatitis,
disease,
strenuous exercise,
hypothyroidism,
thyrotoxicosis
glycogen storage
diseases,
starvation,
excess insulin
Potassium (K)
3.5-5.0
Acidosis, diabetic
Alkalosis,
ketoacidosis, massive Cushing’s
crushing tissue
syndrome,
destruction, renal
diarrhea
failure, use of
(severe), diuretic
potassium-sparing
therapy, GI
diuretics, increased
fistula, pyloric
>100
<7, >12
<15, >40
>7.4
<40->400
<2.5, >6.5
Sodium (Na)
135-145
Albumin (Alb)
3.4-4.8
Protein,
(TP)
Bilirubin
total 6-8
Total: 0.3-1.0
intake, dehydration, obstruction,
hemolysis, pregnancy starvation,
vomiting,
alcoholism,
burns, excess
insulin, GI loss
Cushing’s syndrome, Severe burns,
dehydration,
addison’s
diabetes insipidus,
disease, DKA,
excessive IV sodium, diuretic therapy,
insufficient water
excessive GI loss,
intake, impaired
water
renal function,
intoxication,
excessive intake,
CHF, cirrhosis,
vomiting
cystic fibroisis,
renal failure,
inadequate
intake
Dehydration, blood
Malabsorption,
loss
malnutrition,
liver disease,
infection, burns,
pregnancy,
nephropathy
Dehydration,
Burns, blood
myeloma, sarcoidosis loss,
malnutrition,
malabsorption,
nephritic
syndrome,
pregnancy,
prolonged
immobilization
Results from the
Hepatitis,
breakdown of
obstruction of
hemoglobin in the
the common bile
RBCs, removed from duct or hepatic
the body by the liver ducts, pernicious
which excretes it as
anemia, sickle
bile
cell anemia,
cancer of the
head of the
pancreas, GB
disease,
<120, >160
N/A
N/A
>15
hemolytic
anemias, drug
tocicity,
transfusion
reaction
Coagulation Panels
PT
INR
d-Dimer
10-13 seconds
<1.5
Unless someone
is
receiving
Coumadin
in
which the INR
should
be
between 2-3.
No detectable
fragments
Liver
diseasedamage, vitamin
K
deficiency,
obstruction of
common
bile
duct,
excess
anticoagulant
Thrombophlebitis, >20 seconds
malignant tumor, >3.0
Ovarian
hyperfunction
Arterial
or N/A
venous
thrombosis,
deep
vein
thrombosis,
pulmonary
embolism, renal
or liver failure
N/A
Cardiac Markers
Creatine kinase
Myocardial band (CK-MB)
<4%-6%
<10
Troponin 1 (cTN1)
<0.35
Troponin T (cTnT)
<0.20
Myoglobin
5-70
Abnormal results/high values
only:
MI,
CVA,
cardiomyopathy,
cardioversion, critical levels
N/A
Small infarcts, myocardial
damage post cardiac surgerycritical value: >1.5
Acute
MI,
myocardial
damage, post cardiac surgery
or angioplasty, unstable
angina, myocarditis, trauma,
critical value: N/A
Increased after an MI, angina,
other muscle injury (trauma),
renal failure
Decreased
in
RA
myasthenia gravis
Lipoprotein Profile
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
Cholesterol: desirable levels <200
High-density cholesterol (HDL): men: 35-65; female: 35-80
Low-density cholesterol (LDL): desirable <130
Triglycerides: desirable levels <150
Oxygen Saturation got to know:
95-100 ideal.
You may see an order for maintaining sats at > 92 in a post op patient
COPD patient may have specific criteria with 88-92 being the goal
Vital Signs got to know:
Temp: 97.8-99.1
Pulse: 60-100
Respiration: 12-20
Blood Pressure: 90-120/60-80
Normal arterial Blood Gas Values (ABGs)
PaO2
PaCO2
HCO3
pH
Base excess
80-100 mm Hg
35-45 mm Hg
22-26 mEq/L
7.35-7.45
+2
and
Minimum urine output to perfuse the kidneys: 30cc/hr got to know
# ml in 1 ounce so that you can calculate intake and output: 30 ml in 1 ounce got to know
5ml = 1 tsp
15ml = 1 tbsp
30 ml = 1 oz