RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Lecture 07_2 Dr. Mokhtar Ali Amrani 1. Introduction Throughout the body of your paper (primarily the Introduction, literature review and Discussion), whenever you refer to outside sources of information, you must cite the sources from which you drew information. The simplest way to do this is to parenthetically ( )بين قوسينgive the author's last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Clarke 2001). When citing information from another's publication, be sure to report the relevant aspects of the work clearly and briefly, IN YOUR OWN WORDS. PROVIDE A REFERENCE TO THE WORK AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AFTER GIVING THE INFORMATION. 2. Basic Guidelines The purpose of the References are to learn how to do effective research on a subject and then write it up clearly, showing where you got your information. A RESEARCH PAPER REQUIRES SEARCHING FOR INFORMATION RELEVANT TO A GIVEN SUBJECT, ORGANIZING IT, AND PRESENTING IT EFFECTIVELY IN A WRITTEN FORM. 3. In-text Citation to References When citing a reference from your reference list, please use the following conventions. Put in parentheses ( )بين قوسينthe author(s) last names, the year, and optionally the page number(s) separated by commas. For one author, use the author's last name and year separated by a comma. For example: (Walters, 2014) or (Austin, 2016). For two to five authors, use their last names separated by commas and with an ampersand "&" ( )عالمة الزائدbefore the very last name in the list, then the year separated by a comma. For example: (Li & Crane, 2013) (Charniak, Riesbeck, McDermott & Meehan, 2017). For more than five authors, use the first author's last name and "et al." For example: (Walters, et al., 2002). For the date, use the year. If there are two references by the same author(s) for the same year, use letters after the year: (Walters, 1993b). 3. In-text Citation to References If there are specific page numbers for a citation, add them after the year (Walters, 1994, pp. 31-49). If you include the author's name(s) in the text of a sentence in the paper, you may omit their names from the parentheses as follows: "Austin (1996) includes valuable references to ...." or "The examples given by Li and Crane (1993) on web addresses ...". Do not use footnotes ( )الهوامشin this class for citations. You can use them for explanatory text, but not for references. Have the citation make it easy to find the reference in the "References" section. All references in that section should be complete enough for readers to obtain a copy for themselves. 4. Your List of References • Create a list of references, one for each item cited in the paper, in a section called "References". This section goes at the end of your paper. • The references are to be alphabetized ( )أبجدياby the fist author's last name, or (if no author is listed) the organization or title. If you cite more than one paper by the same first author, sort them by year of publication, earliest year first. Do not use footnotes for citations. • Single-space the entries in your list of references. Start at the left margin for the first line of each bibliography ( )قائمة المراجعentry. Each additional line of each entry should be indented a reasonable amount. Separate the entries with a blank line. • Do not number the references. Doing so means you have to renumber all the references whenever you insert a new reference. Instructions from Elsevier (Science Direct) References Citation in text Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. Instructions from Elsevier (Science Direct) Web references As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list. Instructions from Elsevier (Science Direct) Data references This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article. Instructions from Elsevier (Science Direct) Reference style Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given. Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ....' List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text. Examples: Reference to a journal publication: [1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2010) 51–59. Reference to a book: [2] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000. Instructions from Elsevier (Science Direct) Reference to a chapter in an edited book: [3] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281–304. Reference to a website: [4] Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/, 2003 (accessed 13 March 2003). Reference to a dataset: [dataset] [5] M. Oguro, S. Imahiro, S. Saito, T. Nakashizuka, Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1. كثير من المعلومات الهامة لم تحدد بمراجع موثوقة.صحيح Wrong Citations االنتقال من الجملة االولى الى الثانية مباشرة غير .1 .2 .3اسماء المدن والدول البد ان تكتب اول حرف كابيتل. .4الترجمة الحرفية للجمل تفقدها معناها. .5عالمات الترقيم غير صحيحة. .1 .2 .3 .4 كثير من المعلومات الهامة لم تحدد بمراجع موثوقة. التسلسل بين الجمل بدون روابط يفقدها التجانس . اسماء المدن والدول البد ان تكتب اول حرف كابيتل. عالمات الترقيم مضروبة. Wrong Citations √√ اكتشف االخطاء بطريقة كتابة المراجع؟؟ √√ Advance References Advance References Advance References اكتشف االخطاء بطريقة كتابة المراجع؟؟ Thank you
