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Preliminary Study to Estimate The Potential Input
of Solid Waste to The Area of Fishing Port, Case
Study: Karangantu Fishing Port
To cite this article: H L Salim et al 2022 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1118 012057
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11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
1118 (2022) 012057
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
Preliminary Study to Estimate The Potential Input of Solid
Waste to The Area of Fishing Port, Case Study: Karangantu
Fishing Port
H L Salim1*, N Sudirman1, R N A Ati1, T L Kepel2, A Daulat1, M A
Kusumaningtyas1, N R Prasetiawan3, S M Permana4,8, A Setiawan5, W S.
Pranowo6, A Rustam1, D D Suryono1*, M H Jayawiguna7, S S Sukoraharjo4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National
Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia
Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency,
Republic of Indonesia
Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and
Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia
Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic
of Indonesia
Deep Sea Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of
Indonesia
Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation
Agency, Republic of Indonesia
Marine Research Center, Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Human
Resources, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Indonesia
Master Program of Marine Science, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia
e-mail : hadi2804@gmail.com ; devibasworo@gmail.com
Abstract. The fishing port is an important supporting facility for achieving high-quality of
fishery production. Maintaining the quality of fishery products is needed by optimizing the
function of fishing ports as they are the cutting edge and a prime mover in the management
and utilization of fish resources and port environment, ranging from preproduction,
production, processing, and marketing. On the other hand, the fishing port has various
environmental problems such as waste management, water quality degradation and liquid
waste management. The objective of this study is to identify the solid waste input to a fishing
port by using remote sensing approach. The research was conducted in Karangantu Fishing
Port (Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Karangantu), located in Serang, Banten. This study
shows that the high-resolution satellite imagery was proven to be able to estimate the solid
waste input to the fishing port area. The result shows that solid waste input to Karangantu
Fishing Port was estimated tobe 142.95 tons in 2020, which was derived from office activities,
shipping activities, and tourist activities surrounding fishing port area. The method approach
from this study is expected to support environmental management in the other fishing port
areas.
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
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11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
1118 (2022) 012057
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
1. Introduction
Fishing port has a very important role in marine fisheries as a place for the implementation of the fishery
business system such as the center of the economy which begins when the fish lands after fishing
activities from the fishing ground until the fish is marketed. The fishing port activities are also supported
by the government, where fishing vessels dock and/or unload fish are equipped with various fishery
support facilities and activities [1][2]. Maintaining the quality of fishery products is needed by optimize
the function of fishing ports as they are the cutting edge and a prime mover in the management and
utilization of fish resources and port environment, ranging from preproduction, production, processing,
and marketing as stated in the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation No. 08/2012 on Ports
Fishery [2]. On the other hand, the fishing port has various environmental problems such as waste
management, water quality degradation and liquid waste management, which can influence the fishery
products. Therefore, optimizing the management of fishing port is important. Management
development of fishing port can be pursued not only by managing socio-economic aspect but also
ecological aspect to achieve an environmentally fishing port concept to support sustainability of fishery
products [3][4][5][6].
A proper handling of solid waste in the fishing port can improve the quality of fish catches as well
as post-processing fish products around the port, which is one of the indicators to achieve sustainability
of fishing port [3][6]. Karangantu fishing port (Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Karangantu) is located
in Kecamatan Kasemen, Serang, Banten Province. This fishing port is classified into a type B port and
one of the largest fishing ports in Indonesia, which has important roles and adequate facilities similar to
the other fishing ports, including collecting data on catches and fishery products, serving quality
development and processing of fishery products, conducting counselling and developing fishing
communities, carrying out operational activities of fishing vessels, monitoring and controlling fish
resources, fish quarantine, etc [1][7]. The complexity of activity inside the Karangantu fishing portand
surrounding area, such as in residential area, can affect the quality of the port environment. Some of
the main problems occur in the port area are hygiene problems, environmental pollution by solid and
liquid waste, the clog of waste water drainage that cause odor, etc. [4]. Solid waste that is disposed off
and is not managed properly from fishing port and its surrounding activities will be carried by rainwater
to the river that finally reaches the sea [4].
Determination of solid waste leakage sources and pathways and also its amount in Karangantu
fishing port is essential in managing mitigation pollution in fishing port and its areas. Spatial analysis
approach conducted in a geographic information system (GIS) environment and remote sensing
investigation uncovered insights into the distribution and amount of solid waste leakage in Karangantu
fishing port [8]. Remote sensing is a science and the art of obtaining information about objects, areas or
phenomena that occur by road analyze the data obtained by using tools without direct contact with
object, area or phenomenon under study. Data Remote sensing has the following characteristics: wide
coverage area, can reach areas that are difficult to reach terrestrially, record the entire appearance of the
object directly simultaneously and as is [9][10]. Characteristics overall recording is great advantageous
to intercept information that required (can select certain information/parameters) from a face
phenomenon earth, in this study in the form of land components related to the criteria and landfill site
requirements [9][10][11]. Airborne and satellite remote sensing is now a mature technology with many
benefits. Multispectral image processing of such data provides information about chemical composition
ofthe earth surface with better spatial context than non-imaging sensors can generally provide [12].
Based on the above mentioned, this study is a preliminary study to estimate the solid waste leakage,
source, and amount to the fishing port by using remote sensing and GIS approach.
2. Materials and Method
The research on preliminary study to estimate solid waste input to Karangantu fishing port used a
quantitative approach. The data related to the activities on the fishing port, residential area, and its
surrounding area were collected by research survey and from literatures. The data was used to compile
an estimation of solid waste generation in Karangantu fishing port by establishing a strategy based on
integrating secondary data, remote sensing satellite data, and GIS. Data utilisation was divided into three
2
11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
1118 (2022) 012057
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
types based on the study’s phases: (1) specifically establishing spatial data using citra imaginary and
GIS; (2) Identify and mapping of the objects: residential area, fishing port area, river flow, and coastal
area; (3) data utilised to estimate solid waste input.
Remote sensing quantitative analysis approach was carried out to assess the estimation of household
waste input, as well as a field survey to validate the results of the remote sensing interpretation model.
This study uses high-resolution satellite imagery from the website http://earth.google.com. The satellite
image obtained is the iconos image acquired on June 22, 2021. A total of 13 satellite image tiles were
obtained from the download. Furthermore, the image tile using the Image Composite Editor (ICE)
application is stitched. The combined satellite imagery is an image that has not been georeferenced so
that the adjustment process with geographic (earth) coordinates needs to be carried out so that the spatial
dimensions can be known. The georeferencing process is carried out using the help of GIS software
using a georeferencing tool. The result of the georeference is in the form of a file that is still large enough
to reduce the size of the file, the format is changed and compressed into a file with the Enhanced
Compression Wavelet (ECW) extension so that it is not too burdensome on computer performance
[12][13].
The next process is detecting the house object in the image using Geographic Information System
(GIS) software. The first step is to open the project by setting the geographic coordinates with the
WGS84 datum. Next, upload satellite images of the research area. A new file is then created to store
spatial information in the form of points representing the house. The nextstep is to edit and identify the
location of the house visually (on-screen digitizing). Determining a building as a house requires
interpretation techniques based on several key interpretations, including hue and color, shape, size,
texture, pattern, shadow, site, and association. In general, the house has a roof that is white, yellow and
brown with objects in the shape of a box or square. The size of the houseranges from a width of about
2-5 meters and a length of about 3-10 meters. Residents' houses usually have a uniform texture and
pattern close to each other and are associated with roads and/or rivers. Usually people's houses are
located on the edge of the river or on the side of the road.
3
11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
1118 (2022) 012057
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
Figure 1. Study area in Karangantu Fishing Port.
3. Result and Discussion
Based on the interpretation of the identification of residents' houses and buildings on high resolution
satellite images show that there are about 43 houses or buildings around the Karangantu fishing port
(Figure 2). The number of personnel at Karangantu fishing port are 39 people consisting of 22 civil
servants, 9 security staffs and 8 cleaning service staffs. The total population surrounding the Karangantu
fishing port area are 172 people, so the total population in the study area are 211 people [14].
Residents’ houses are mostly distributed along the river, namely the Cibanten River, with some
houses are located around the road that crosses the village, and some resident's houses are located in the
eastern part of the ponds surrounding Cibanten river. There are small houses (saung) around the pond
area which are usually temporaly used by fishermen after finishing activities in aquaculture fishing pond
activities and as a storage area for their equipment. Saungs are also used by residents to maintain ponds
[15].
The standard to estimate the solid waste generate from household based on SNI 19-2454 of 2002
concerning the amount of household waste that arises from the population in units of volume and weight
per capita per day, or expand buildings or lengthen roads [16]. In this study, the assumption of a weight
of 0.87 kg/person/day was used. Furthermore, to obtain the number of people in 1 house, field surveys
and interviews were carried out, and referred to the 2019 BPS [17] data so that the average number of
people in 1 house was 4 (four) people. Based on estimates, it is known that there are 211 inhabitants. It
4
11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
IOP Publishing
1118 (2022) 012057
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
is assumed that each person produces 0.87 kg/day of waste, so the total waste generated is 183.57 kg/day,
or 67 tons/year.
Figure 2. Distribution of Resident House Surrounding area of Karangantu Fishing Port
The volume of solid waste in the Karangantu fishing port area and its surroundings not only comes
from the surrounding area but also influenced by tourists on Gopek beach in the Cibanten estuary which
have passed through the security post of Karangantu fishing port. The visitors to Gopek beach increase
every year (Figure 3). They visited the beach using motorbikes, 4-wheeled vehicles (cars) and 6-wheeled
vehicles (buses/trucks) as seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Amount, Type of Vehicle and Visitors of Gopek Beach [14].
Year
Motorcycles
Number of
People
Cars
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
26.116
64.520
79.996
54.114
71.192
85.183
52.232
129.040
159.992
108.228
142.384
170.366
11.187
8.977
12.157
16.084
16.313
17.301
Number of
Number of Total Number
People
People
of Visitors
Truck/Bus
44.748
35.908
48.628
64.336
65.252
69.204
5
1.896
557
756
725
455
466
7.584
2.228
3.024
2.900
1.820
1.864
104.564
167.176
211.644
175.464
209.456
241.434
11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
IOP Publishing
1118 (2022) 012057
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
Visitors
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Figure 3. Graphic of Trend of Increasing Gopek Beach Visitors
Based on Karangantu fishing port data, it was known that in 2020 there were 241,434 visitors. If it
is assumed that every person who visits Gopek Beach produces 0.25 kg of waste, then during 2020 it is
estimated that the solid waste generate was 60.3 tons.
The other source of solid waste in Karangantu fishing port is shipping activities. Based on
Karangantu fishing port data, solid waste generated from returned ships after going to sea with a total
of 28 ships in 2020 was 15.65 tons as seen in Table 2.
Table 2. Trends of Solid Waste in Shipping Activities [14].
No Year
1
2
3
4
2017
2018
2019
2020
Number of Average Sailing Estimation of Solid Waste Average amount Total amount of
waste carried
Vessel (Unit) Time in one year Generate Waste/person of waste carried
/day (Ton)
(Days)
(Ton/Year)
(Ton/Year)
61
300
0,0023
0,69
42,09
27
292
0,0023
0,67
18,13
26
274
0,0023
0,63
16,39
28
243
0,0023
0,56
15,65
Potential solid waste generated in Karangantu fishing port area in this study determined from 3
components, which are from Karangantu fishing port employees and surrounding areas (residential area)
generated about 67 tons/year, from tourism activities in Gopek Beach generated about 60.3 tons/year,
and from shipping activities generated about 15.65 tons/year. Therefore, the total estimate of solid waste
generated in Karangantu fishing port was about 142.95 tons/year. The overall efforts in this study
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method used for predicting solid waste generate in fishing
port and its surrounding area. This method used for also to improving and predicting environmental
management in fishing port to implement sustainable fishing port. According to [18][19][20] the
implementation of eco-fishing port will increase potential for fishery exports and have competitiveness
in the global market.
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11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
1118 (2022) 012057
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
4. Conclusion
This preliminary study show that high-resolution satellite imagery and GIS was proven to able to
estimate the source and amount of solid waste generated in surrounding fishing port area by identifying
and calculating the number of people in residential area, fishing port activities, and tourism activity. It
is estimated that there are about 142.95 tons or the equivalent of 492.9 m3 solid waste in 2020 in
Karangantu fishing port.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the Indonesia National Budget (APBN) Fiscal Year 2021 given to
Marine Research Center, KKP, under the project entitled “Assessment on Identification of Marine
Debris Management for Optimalization Marine Debris Reduction”. All authors are major contributors
in this research study. Team members have contributed equally in the writing of this article.
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11th International and National Seminar on Fisheries and Marine Science
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
1118 (2022) 012057
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1118/1/012057
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