Experiment : 01
Date : 21/02/2023
Aim :- Study of Prolog
Prolog : Prolog stands for “Programming in Logic”.
 Prolog is a programming language that is designed for artificial intelligence and
symbolic reasoning.
 Extension of Prolog file is “.pl”
 Prolog is a logic programming language that uses formal logic to represent and
reason about knowledge and data.
 Prolog is based on the concept of predicate logic, which is a mathematical logic that
is used to describe relationships between objects and events.
 In prolog, programs are written in form of logical statements called “clauses” that
define relationships between objects, and the system can use these statements to
make deduction and inferences based on logical rules and facts.
 Prolog is widely used in various fields such as expert systems, natural language
processing, and database system, and it has influenced the development of other
logic-based programming languages.
Programming Window :Prolog programming can be done in various text editors or integrated development
environments (IDEs) depending on the specific needs of the programmer.
SWI-Prolog: SWI-Prolog is a popular open-source Prolog implementation that comes
with an integrated development environment (IDE).The IDE includes a text editor,
syntax highlighting, debugging tools, and a graphical user interface (GUI) for running
Prolog programs.
Facts and rules are declared in the programming window.
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Fact :A fact is a logical statement that is true in the context of a particular program or
database.Factes used to describe relationships between objects and events, and they form
the basic building blocks of Prolog programs.
Rule :A rule is a logical statement that defines a relationship between one or more
predicates. A rule consists of a head and a body, separated by the “:-” symbol. The head
of the rule is a single predicate, and the body is a list of one or more predicates separated
by commas and enclosed in parentheses.
Query Window :In prolog, the query window is a user interface that allows the
programmer or user to interact with the Prolog system by entering queries and receiving
results.
To use the query window, the user enters a query in the form of a predicate or a set of
predicates separated by commas and enclosed in parentheses. The query is then
evaluated by the Prolog system, which searches for all possible solutions that satisfy the
query based on the facts and rules defined in the program.
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Experiment : 02
Date : 22/03/2023
Aim :- Write simple fact for the statement using Prolog.
Facts :male(lav).
male(kush).
male(ram).
female(gita).
female(sita).
parent(ram,lav).
parent(ram,kush).
parent(ram,gita).
parent(sita,lav).
parent(sita,kush).
parent(sita,gita).
Rules :brother(X,Y):-parent(Z,X),parent(Z,Y),male(X),X\=Y.
sister(X,Y):-parent(Z,X),parent(Z,Y),female(X),X\=Y.
mother(X,Y):-parent(X,Y),female(X).
father(X,Y):-parent(X,Y),male(X).
husband(X,Y):-parent(X,Z),parent(Y,Z),male(X),female(Y).
wife(X,Y):-parent(X,Z),parent(Y,Z),male(Y),female(X).
Programming Window :-
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Query Window :-
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Experiment : 3.1
Date : 29/03/2023
Aim :- To find largest number among two numbers.
Programming Window :-
Query Window :-
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Experiment : 3.2
Date : 29/03/2023
Aim :- Count the number of element in a list.
Programming Window :-
Query Window :-
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Experiment : 3.2
Date : 29/03/2023
Aim :- Find sum of elements in a list.
Programming Window :-
Query Window :-
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