1.
Period of Intuitive Nursing/ Medieval
Period
2. Period of Apprentice Nursing/Middle Ages/
Renaissance
3. Period of Educated Nursing/ Nightingale
Era 19th-20th century/ Modern Nursing
4. Period of Contemporary Nursing/20th
Century
PERIOD OF INTUITIVE NU RSING/ MEDIEVAL
PERIOD
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Nursing was "untaught" and instinctive. It
was performed out of compassion for
others, out of the wish to help others.
Nursing was a function that belonged to
women. It was viewed as a natural
nurturing job for women. She is expected to
take good care of the children, the sick and
the aged.
No caregiving training is evident. It was
based on experience and observation.
Primitive men believed that illness was
caused by the invasion of the victim's body
of evil spirits.
 They believed that the medicine
man, Shaman or witch doctor had
the power to heal by using white
magic, hypnosis, charms, dances,
incantation, purgatives, massage,
fire, water and herbs as a means of
driving illness from the victim.
Trephining - drilling a hole in the skull with
a rock or stone without anesthesia. It was a
last resort to drive evil spirits from the
body of the afflicted.
PERIOD OF APPRENTICE NURSING/ MIDDLE
AGES/ RENAISSANCE
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Care was done by crusaders, prisoners,
religious orders
Nursing care was performed without any
formal education and by people who were
directed by more experienced nurses (on
the job training).
This kind of nursing was developed by
religious orders of the Christian Church.
Nursing went down to the lowest level
(Dark Period of Nursing 17th to 19th century)
 The wrath/anger of Protestantism;
confiscated properties of hospitals and
schools connected with Roman Catholicism.
 Nurses fled their lives; soon there was
shortage of people to care for the sick
 Hundreds of hospitals closed, there was no
provision for the sick, no one to care for the
sick
 Nursing became the work of the least
desirable of women - prostitutes, alcoholics,
prisoners
 Pastor Theodore Fliedner and his wife,
Frederika established the Kaiserswerth
Institute for the training of Deaconesses
(the 1st formal training school for nurses)
in Germany.
 This was where Florence Nightingale
received her 3-month course of study in
nursing.
PERIOD OF EDUCATED NURSING/
NIGHTINGALE ERA 19TH-20TH CENTURY/
MODERN NURSING
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The development of nursing during this
period was strongly influenced by:
 trends resulting from wars-Crimean,
civil war
 arousal of social consciousness
 emancipation of women
 Increased educational opportunities
offered to women.
 Florence Nightingale was asked by Sir
Sidney Herbert of the British War
Department to recruit female nurses to
provide care for the sick and injured in the
Crimean War.
 In 1860, The Nightingale Training School of
Nurses opened at St. Thomas Hospital in
London.
 The school served as a model for other
training schools. Its graduates traveled to
other countries to manage hospitals and
institute nurse-training programs.
 Nightingale focus: vision of nursing was
more on developing the profession within
hospitals. Nurses should be taught in
hospitals associated with medical schools
and that the curriculum should include both
theory and practice.
 It was the 1st school of nursing that
provided both theory-based knowledge and
clinical skill building.
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Nursing evolved as an art and science
Formal nursing education and nursing
service begun
PERIOD OF CONTEMPORARY NURSING/
20TH CENTURY
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Licensure of nurses started
Specialization of hospital and diagnosis
Training of nurses in diploma program
Development of baccalaureate and advance
degree programs
 Scientific and technological development as
well as social changes marked this period.
 Health is perceived as a
fundamental human right
 Nursing involvement in community
health
 Technological advances - disposable
supplies and equipment
 Expanded roles of nurses was developed
 WHO was established by the United
Nations
 Aerospace Nursing was developed
 Use of atomic energies for medical
diagnosis, treatment
 Computers were utilized for data
collection, teaching, diagnosis,
inventory, payrolls, record keeping,
and billing.
 Use of sophisticated equipment for
diagnosis and therapy.
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HOSPITALS & SCHOOLS OF NURSING
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Early Beliefs, Practices and Care of the sick
Early Hospitals during the Spanish Regime
Prominent personages involved during the
Philippine Revolution
Hospitals & Schools of Nursing
Colleges of Nursing
Early Beliefs, Practices and Care of the Sick
Early Beliefs, Practices and Care of the Sick
Early Hospitals during the Spanish Regime
Religious orders exerted efforts to care for
the sick by building hospitals in different
parts of the Philippines:
1577 - Hospital Real de Manila
1578 - San Lazaro Hospital
1586 - Hospital de Indios
1590 - Hospital de AguasSantas
1596 - San Juan de Dios Hospital
Prominent persons involved during the
Philippine Revolution
Who was Josephine Bracken? What was her
contribution to nursing?
Who was Rose Sevilla de Alvaro? What was
her contribution to nursing?
Who was Hilaria de Aguinaldo? What was
her contribution to nursing?
Who was Melchora Aquino? What was her
contribution to nursing?
Prominent persons involved during the
Philippine Revolution
Who was Agueda Kahabagan? What was her
contribution to nursing?
Who was Gregoria de Jesus? What was her
contribution to Philippine nursing?
 She rendered "great service to the
revolutionary" cause either in nursing
the sick or wounded soldiers of raising
material relief for them or both.
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1900 - St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing,
Intramuros Manila
1906 - Iloilo Mission Hospital Training
School of Nursing
1909 - Distinction of graduating the 1st
trained nurses in the Philippines. With no
standard requirements for admission of
applicants except their willingness to work"
April 1946 - a board exam was held outside
of Manila. It was held in the Iloilo Mission
Hospital thru the request of Ms. Loreto
Tupas, principal of the school.
1907 - St. Luke's Hospital School of Nursing
opened after four years as a dispensary
clinic.
1907 - Mary Johnston Hospital School of
Nursing
1910 - Philippines General Hospital School
of Nursing
COLLEGES OF NURSING
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UST College of Nursing - 1st College of
Nursing in the Philippines: 1946
MCU College of Nursing - June 1947 (1st
College who offered BSN - 4 year program)
UP College of Nursing-June 1948
FEU Institute of Nursing - June 1955
UE College of Nursing - Oct 1958
MILESTONES OF NURSING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
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1909 - 3 female graduated as "qualified
medical-surgical nurses"
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1920 - 1st board examination for nurses was
conducted by the Board of Examiners, 93
candidates took the exam, 68 passed with
the highest rating of 93.5% -Anna Dahlgren
Theoretical exam was held at the UP
Amphitheater of the College of Medicine
and Surgery. Practical exam at the PGH
Library.
1919-The 1st Nurses Law (Act#2808) was
enacted regulating the practice of the
nursing profession in the Philippines
Islands. It also provided the holding of
exam for the practice of nursing on the 2nd
Monday of June and December of each year.
1922- (October 15, 1922) Filipino Nurses
Association was established (now PNA) as
the National Organization of Filipino Nurses
PNA first President - Rosario Delgado
PNA Founder - Anastacia Giron-Tupas
SAN PEDRO COLLEGE
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Founded in 1956 by the Dominican Sisters
of the Trinity from Quebec, Canada.
began as a school of nursing of the San
Pedro Hospital, the first Catholic hospital in
Mindanao, which the religious sisters have
been operating since their arrival in 1948
San Pedro Hospital School of Nursing:
 Foundations laid by Sr. Pauline
Guilmette, OP & Sr. Cecil Denis, OP
 Acquisition of land was facilitated
by Most Rev. Clovis Thibaut, PME
EVOLUTION OF NURSING EDUCATION
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Florence Nightingale emphasized that the
focus for preparing nurses should be
through nursing education, not nursing
service.
EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS OF NURSING
EDUCATION:
 Began as simple teaching on how to carry
basic nurturing measures
 Progressed to apprenticeships under
physicians and nurses
 Moved into hospitals where schools were
established (on-the-job training)
 Entered colleges and universities - formal
education programs leading to academic
degrees.