Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Preamble
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable
rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice
and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous
acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world
in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom
from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common
people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last
resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be
protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between
nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their
faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person
and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote
social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation
with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of
human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the
greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, therefore,
The General Assembly,
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and
every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by
teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article I
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a
spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person.
Article 4
No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5
No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment.
Article 6
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal
protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such
discrimination.
Article 8
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals
for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.
Article 9
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent
and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any
criminal charge against him.
Article 11
1. Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed.
Article 12
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home
or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has
the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the
borders of each State.
2. Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to
return to his country.
Article 14
1. Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from
persecution.
2. This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and
principles of the United Nations.
Article 15
1. Everyone has the right to a nationality.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to
change his nationality.
Article 16
1. Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality
or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled
to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
2. Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the
intending spouses.
3. The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is
entitled to protection by society and the State.
Article 17
1. Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with
others.
2. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.
Article 18
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right
includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in
community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in
teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes
freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart
information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association.
Article 21
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government;
this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall
be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by
equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22
Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled
to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in
accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development
of his personality.
Article 23
1. Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and
favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
2. Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal
work.
3. Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration
ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity,
and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.
4. Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of
his interests.
Article 24
Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of
working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25
1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing
and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security
in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or
other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
protection.
Article 26
1. Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made
generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all
on the basis of merit.
2. Education shall be directed to the full development of the human
personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and
fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and
friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further
the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
3. Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be
given to their children.
Article 27
1. Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and
its benefits.
2. Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the
author.
Article 28
Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and
freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only
to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of
securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others
and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the
general welfare in a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 30
Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or
person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
What is citizenship?
Membership
Belongingness
theindependentbd.com
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND HUMAN RIGHTS
WHAT IS A RIGHT?
Right means what is just.
A right is what is owed.
A right is a moral power in a person to do, to
possess, or to demand something.
It is the object of the virtue of justice.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Right is founded on law.
Natural right rests on the natural law.
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS
Now, therefore,
The General Assembly,
Proclaims this Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a common standard of
achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and
every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by
teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States
themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
(from the last part of the Preamble of the Declaration)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with this
privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his
honor and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of
the law against such interference or attacks. (Art. 12)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this
right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either
alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his
religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. (Art. 18)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right
includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive
and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers. (Art. 19)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person. (Art. 3)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government;
this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall
be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by
equivalent free voting procedures. (Art. 21)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to
equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any
discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to
such discrimination. (Art. 7)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national
tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the
constitution or by law. (Art. 8)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. (Art. 9)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him. (Art. 10)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1. Everyone charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
2. No one shall be held guilty of any penal offense on account of any act or
omission which did not constitute a penal offense, under national or
international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal
offence was committed. (Art. 11)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
2. No one may be compelled to belong to an association. (Art. 20)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1. Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full
development of his personality is possible.
2. In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only
to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of
securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others
and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the
general welfare in a democratic society.
3. These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the
purposes and principles of the United Nations. (Art. 29)
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP AND ACCOUNTABILTY
ACCOUNTABILTY AS A VIRTUE OF A GLOBAL
CITIZEN
ac·count·a·ble
adjective
(of a person, organization, or institution) required or expected to
justify actions or decisions; responsible: parents could
be held accountable for their children's actions | government must
be
accountable
to
its
citizens.
THE CAROLINIAN AS A GLOBAL CITIZEN
Scientia
Virtus
Devotio
Witness to the Word
What is religion?
From
the
word
“religare”
which
means “to bind”; “to
tie up”.
The bond between
man and God.
What is religion?
A relationship
between man and
God.
THE WORLD RELIGIONS
• HINDUISM (900 m followers, 4000 yrs)
• BUDDHISM (470 m followers, 2500 yrs, India)
• JUDAISM (14-17 m followers, Israel, 4000
years)
• CHRISTIANITY (2 b followers, Jerusalem 2,000
years)
• CATHOLICISM (1.3 b)
• ORTHODOXY (220 m)
• PROTESTANTISM (800 m)
• ISLAM (1.9 b followers, Mecca)
ROMAN CATHOLICISM
The Roman Catholic Church is the largest branch of Christianity and is a
global institution…It has a presence in more than 220 countries,
numerically most pronounced in Brazil, Mexico, the US and the
Philippines, and is currently experiencing fast-paced, exponential
growth in Africa and Asia. The Church’s multinational presence; the
cultural and economic diversity of its population; the expansive
range of its institutional services (i.e. education, health, social
welfare) and interinstitutional relations; its active public
engagement with issues of economic development, social justice,
and human ethics; and its increasing attention to the socioeconomic
and geopolitical challenges of globalization consolidate its core
relevance to any discussion of globalization.
(The Encyclopedia of Global Religion, II,1092)
The term SECULAR arises from the history of
Christianity and describes that which is not
sacred or not of the church. The term
secularization thus refers to the process by
which human activity and knowledge
progressively come under control of scientific
than religious understanding.
(Inrternational Encyclopedia of the Sciences, VII, 377)
SECULARIZATION is understood as a shift in the
overall frameworks of human condition; it
makes it possible for people to have a choice
between belief and non-belief in a manner
hitherto unknown.
(Roudometof, in Handbook of Gobalizaiton, Ch. 10, p.152)
RELIGIOUS FUNDAMENTALISM
FUNDAMENTALISM refers to a movement within
organized religion that defines itself primarily in terms
of its rejection of the culture of secular
modernism…those who embrace fundamentalism
attempt to articulate bright rather than blurred
bounderies between the elect and the damned.
All of the world’s major religions-Buddhism, Christianity,
Hinduism, Islam and Judaism-contain fundamentalist
elements or currents, and a fundamentalist mindset
can be found in other religions besides major ones.
(Wiley-Blackwel Encyclopedia of Globalization, II, 709)
MISSIONARIES
A MISSIONARY IS SOMEONE SENT ON A
RELIGIOUS MISSION, ONE THAT TYPICALLY
INVOLVES PROPAGATING THEIR RELIGION OR
CONDUCTING CHARITABLE WORK IN A
CULTURE OR COUNTRY DIFFERENT FROM
THEIR OWN.
(Wiley-Blackwel Encyclopedia of Globalization, III, 1423)
MEGACHURCHES
• The term used to refer to a type of church,
often defined as having 2,000 or more people
in attendance at a typical weekly service. As a
significant development in Protestant
Christianity, megachurches are part and parcel
of an increasingly globalized world.
• (Encyclopedia of Globalization, III, 162)
THE ASEAN CHARTER
PURPOSES
1. To maintain and enhance peace, security and stability
and further strengthen peace-oriented values in the
region;
2. To enhance regional resilience by promoting greater
political, security, economic and socio-cultural cooperation;
3. To preserve Southeast Asia as a Nuclear Weapon-Free
Zone and free of all other weapons of mass destruction;
PURPOSES
4. To ensure that the peoples and Member States of ASEAN
live in peace with the world at large in a just, democratic and
harmonious environment;
8. To respond effectively, in accordance with the principle of
comprehensive security, to all forms of threats, transnational
crimes and transboundary challenges;
PURPOSES
5. To create a single market and production base which is stable, prosperous,
highly competitive and economically integrated with effective facilitation for
trade and investment in which there is free flow of goods, services and
investment; facilitated movement of business persons, professionals, talents
and labour; and freer flow of capital;
6. To alleviate poverty and narrow the development gap within ASEAN
through mutual assistance and cooperation;
9. To promote sustainable development so as to ensure the protection of the
region’s environment, the sustainability of its natural resources, the
preservation of its cultural heritage and the high quality of life of its peoples;
PURPOSES
7. To strengthen democracy, enhance good governance and the rule of law,
and to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, with
due regard to the rights and responsibilities of the Member States of ASEAN;
PURPOSES
10. To develop human resources through closer cooperation in education and
life-long learning, and in science and technology, for the empowerment of
the peoples of ASEAN and for the strengthening of the ASEAN Community;
11. To enhance the well-being and livelihood of the peoples of ASEAN by
providing them with equitable access to opportunities for human
development, social welfare and justice;
12. To strengthen cooperation in building a safe, secure and drug-free
environment for the peoples of ASEAN;
PURPOSES
13. To promote a people-oriented ASEAN in which all sectors of society are
encouraged to participate in, and benefit from, the process of ASEAN
integration and community building;
14. To promote an ASEAN identity through the fostering of greater awareness
of the diverse culture and heritage of the region; and
15. To maintain the centrality and proactive role of ASEAN as the primary
driving force in its relations and cooperation with its external partners in a
regional architecture that is open, transparent and inclusive.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Knowledge
Norms
Policy
Institutions and
Compliance
1.
2.
3.
4.
Managing knowledge
Developing norms
Promulgating recommendations
Institutionalizing ideas
Managing Knowledge
Recognizing the existence of a problem
2. Collect solid data about the nature of
the problem
3. Understand its causes to understand
the problem
1.
The UN helps to solidify a new norm of
behavior
often
through
summit
conferences and international panels and
commissions.
Developing Norms
Norms are essential to the functioning and existence of
society; therefore, social interaction is viewed
through normative lenses from bilateral relations to
relations among national leaders.
The next step: formulation of a range of possibilities
(policies) about how governments and their
citizens and IGO’s can challenge behavior.
Institutionalizing Ideas
Institutions can facilitate problem
solving even though they do not
possess any coercive power.
The UN’s Role in Global
Governance:
} Identifying and
diagnosing problems
}
Developing norms
(principled ideas)
}
Formulating
recommendations
(operational ideas)
The United Nations-the arena for state decisionmaking, the professional secretariats and civil
society –have filled these ideational functions for
five types of gaps: knowledge, norms, policies,
institutions and compliance.
Npr.org
Nbcnews.com
Globaltimes.cn
THE HARSH REALITY:
Governments alone cannot resolve today’s
global problems.
POLITICAL
GLOBALIZATION
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
“MAN, BY NATURE IS A
POLITICAL ANIMAL”
-Aristotle
POLITICS
“Politics is the activity through which people
make, preserve and amend the general rules
under which they live.”(Heywood, 2002)
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
The sum of laws, norms, institutions that define, constitute and
mediate trans-border relations between states, culture, citizens,
intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and the
market-the welders and the objects of the exercise of international
public power.
Global governance is a rulesbased order without
government.
GOVERNANCE
Broadly, the various ways in which social life
is coordinated, of which government is
merely one. (Heywood, 2002)
SOURCES OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
• States
• Treaties
• International organizations
• International non-governmental organizations
• Transnational corporations
• The Church
THE UNITED NATIONS
THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
THE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST
ASIAN NATIONS
The Jakarta Post
MIGRATION
COMPONENTS OF DEMOGRAPHY
FERTILITY
MORTALITY
MIGRATION
BIRTHS
DEATHS
HUMAN
MOBILITY
How many are
born?
How many
has died?
From where to
where?
MIGRATION as a form of spatial mobility implies the
crossing of the boundary of political or administrative
unit for a certain minimum period of time.
TWO TYPES OF MIGRATION
INTERNAL MIGRATION
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION
It refers to people moving
from one area to another
within one country.
When
people
cross
boarders of one country
to another.
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT
Any person who lives temporarily or permanently in a
country where he or she was not born, and has acquired
some significant social ties to this country.
(UN, cited in Ritzer & Dean, p. 264)
FOUR COMPONENTS OF INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATION
• The in-migration of persons to a country other than that of their place of
birth or citizenship;
• The return migration of nationals to their home country after residing
abroad;
• The out-migration of nationals from their home country; and
• The out-migration of foreigners from a foreign country to which they had
previously immigrated.
TYPES OF MIGRANTS
TEMPORARY LABOR MIGRANTS
These are guest workers and overseas contract workers that
move to a country for a limited amount of time with the intention
of sending much of their income back to family in their home
country.
IRREGULAR MIGRANTS
Usually referred to as “undocumented migrants”, these
are people who move across borders without proper
documentation, or overstay their approved permits,
often for economic reasons.
HIGHLY SKILLED MIGRANTS
These are people who move with special work
qualifications who migrate for better economic
opportunities.
FORCED MIGRANTS
Those who are compelled to
countries. They could be:
* Refugees
* Asylum Seekers
leave their home
REFUGEES
Those forced to leave their homeland , or who leave
involuntarily because they fear for their safety.
ASYLUM SEEKERS
Refugees who seek to remain in the country to which
they flee.
FAMILY REUNIFICATION MIGRANTS
Individuals whose family ties motivate them to
migrate internationally.
RETURN MIGRANTS
People who, after spending time in their
destination country, go back to their home
country.
SOME RELATED CONCEPTS
REMITTANCES
Transactions by which migrants send money
back to their country of origin.
REMITTANCES: SOME BENEFITS
1. Reduce poverty rates
2. Goes directly to the persons in need
3. Preferable to foreign aid, as it goes directly to the recipients
4. Increase the nation’s foreign reserves and thereby reduce its borrowing
costs
5. Be monitored better by intimates than officials.
DIASPORA
The large scale dispersal of a population.
BRAIN DRAIN
Systematic loss by a nation-state, of people highly
prized elsewhere in the world.
BRAIN GAIN
Nation-states, especially those that are developed,
acquire more people with a strong knowledge base that
they lose.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
The recruitment and movement of people through force or coercion, for
purposes of sexual exploitation or forced labor.
This could be:
* Sex trafficking
** Labor trafficking
TOURISM
• ECOTOURISM
this involves efforts to allow tourists to experience natural environments
while doing little or no harm to them.
• ETHNOTOURISM
this involves efforts to experience the way other people live,
people very different from the tourists.
often
MIGRATION CONTROL
Migration control usually refers to the attempt by governments to
control the entry and settlement of non-citizens into their
territories; that is to select who and how many may enter, under
what conditions and for what period of time.
REFERENCES
Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Globalization, Ritzer, G. (Ed.)
Claudio, L. & Abinales, C. The Contemporary World
Ritzer, George and Paul Dean. (2015) Globalization, A Basic Text.
DEMOGRAPHY AND
GLOBALIZATION
WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY?
Demography is the study of human populations – their
size, composition and distribution across space – and
the process through which populations change.
Births, deaths and migration are the ‘big three’ of
demography, jointly producing population stability or
change. (www.su.se)
COMPONENTS OF DEMOGRAPHY
FERTILITY
MORTALITY
MIGRATION
BIRTHS
DEATHS
HUMAN
MOBILITY
How many are
born?
How many
has died?
From where to
where?
FERTILTY RATE DEFINED.
THE TOTAL FERTILITY RATE IN A SPECIFIC YEAR IS DEFINED AS THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF CHILDREN THAT WOULD BE BORN TO EACH WOMAN IF SHE WERE TO LIVE TO THE END OF HER
CHILD-BEARING YEARS AND GIVE BIRTH TO CHILDREN IN ALIGNMENT WITH THE PREVAILING AGE-SPECIFIC
FERTILITY RATES. IT IS CALCULATED BY TOTALING THE AGE-SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATES AS DEFINED OVER FIVEYEAR INTERVALS. ASSUMING NO NET MIGRATION AND UNCHANGED MORTALITY, A TOTAL FERTILITY RATE
OF 2.1 CHILDREN PER WOMAN ENSURES A BROADLY STABLE POPULATION. TOGETHER WITH MORTALITY
AND MIGRATION, FERTILITY IS AN ELEMENT OF POPULATION GROWTH, REFLECTING BOTH THE CAUSES AND
EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTS. THE REASONS FOR THE DRAMATIC DECLINE IN
BIRTH RATES DURING THE PAST FEW DECADES INCLUDE POSTPONED FAMILY FORMATION AND CHILDBEARING AND A DECREASE IN DESIRED FAMILY SIZES. THIS INDICATOR IS MEASURED IN CHILDREN PER
WOMAN.
OECD (2020), Fertility rates (indicator). doi: 10.1787/8272fb01-en (Accessed
on 09 November 2020)
MORTALITY RATE DEFINED.
A MORTALITY RATE IS A MEASURE OF
THE FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF DEATH IN A DEFINED POPULATION
DURING A SPECIFIED INTERVAL.
CDCwww.cdc.gov
WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT
DEMOGRAPHY?
FOOD
SECURITY
ENVIRONMENT
JOBS
GLOBALIZATION
MARRIAGE
ISSUES
HEALTH
HOUSING
RESOURCE
ALLOCACTION
EDUCATION
WHY BE CONCERNED ABOUT
DEMOGRAPHY?
PANDEMIC
VOTING
TRENDS
CRIME
RATE
RELIGION
TRAVEL
SKILLS
DEMOGRAPHY ISSUES
IN THE
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD
HTTPS://WWW.WEFORUM.ORG/A
GENDA/2019/07/POPULATIONSAROUND-WORLD-CHANGEDOVER-THE-YEARS
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/animation-japans-aging-population/
GLOBAL CITIES
GLOBAL CITIES
GLOBAL CITIES are “key” cities in the
global [especially] capitalist economy.
(Ritzer & Dean, 2015: 374)
WHY STUDY THE GLOBAL
CITY?
SASKIA SASSEN [2005]The Brown Journal of World
Affairs, Vol. XI, 2, 27-39
FIRST, An examination of globalization through the
concept of the global city introduces a strong
emphasis on strategic components of the global
economy rather than the broader and more diffuse
homogenizing dynamics we associate with the
globalization of consumer markets.
SECOND, a focus on the city in studying
globalization will tend to bring to the fore the
growing inequalities between highly provisioned
and profoundly disadvantaged sectors and spaces
of the city, and hence such a focus introduces yet
another formulation of questions of power and
inequality.
THIRD, the concept of the global city brings a strong
emphasis on the networked economy because of
the nature of the industries that tend to be located
there: finance and specialized services, the new
multimedia sectors and, and telecommunications
services.
FOURTH, a focus on networked cross-border
dynamics among global cities also allows us to
capture more readily the growing intensity of such
transactions in other domains-political, cultural,
social and criminal.
ATTRIBUTES OF A GLOBAL
CITY
Six criteria of global power of
Cities
(Colic-Peisker, in Handbook of Globalization, p. 437)
INDICATORS OF GLOBALITY
(Abinales & Claudio, 2018:86-88)
MEGACITIES
MEGACITIES are cities with a population
greater than 10,000,000 people.
(Ritzer & Dean, 2015: 378)
MEGAPOLIS
MEGAPOLIS is a long chain of interconnected
cities with the potentiality of becoming a huge
city.
(Ritzer & Dean, 2015: 379)
WORLD CITY
WORLD CITY is a global network of cities.
COSMOPOLITANism
From Greek words “kosmos” and “polis”.
A COSMOPOLITAN is a person who knows
about many parts of the world.
Globalization and its
challenges
Challenges faced by global cities
The categories will include but is not limited to:
1.
Deteriorating infrastructure
2.
Sanitation
3.
Growth that outpaced places
4.
Traffic jams
5.
Threats to peace and security
6.
Garbage problem
7.
Pollution
What else can you add? ☺
Postscript: THE “UNICORN”
Kearney (2021) has seen the rise of the so-called
“UNICORNS” in the global economy. Unicorns are
privately held start-ups valued at more than $ 1
billion. It is seen that by June, such number of unicorns
will grow by 246 companies. According to
weforum.org (2018), ASEAN is home to at least seven
unicorns. A second meaning to the term is used in
human resources management to mean an ideal
candidate who may be overqualified for the position.
(Investopedia.com, 2022)