3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard
The learner demonstrates an understanding of principles in the prevention and control of
communicable diseases for the attainment of individual wellness.
B. Performance Standard
The learner consistently demonstrates personal responsibility and healthful practices in
the prevention and control of communicable diseases.
C. Most Essential Learning Competency
MELC No. 1 - Discusses the stages of infection (H8DD-IIIa-15)
MELC No. 2 - Analyzes the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the
Philippines (H8DD-IIIa-16)
MELC No. 3 - Discusses the most common communicable diseases
 signs and symptoms of common communicable diseases and the
effects of common communicable diseases H8DD-IIIb-c 17
 misconceptions, myths, and beliefs about common communicable
diseases H8DD-IIIb c—18
 prevention and control of common communicable diseases H8DDIIIb-c- 19
D.Objectives
The learner…
1. discusses the stages of infections,
2. analyzes the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines, and
3. shows awareness about disease prevention through poster-making.
CONTENT: Disease Prevention and Control of Diseases and Disorders
II. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. REFERENCES
1. Teacher’s Guide Pages
2. Learner’s Material Pages: PE and Health 8 Learner’s Module (pp.305-306,308,330
-334,337)
3. Textbook Pages: The 21st Century MAPEH in ACTION (pp.271-276)
4. Textbook Pages: Power Up with MAPEH (pp.261-267)
B. Additional Materials from Learning Resources (LR) portal:
https://tinyurl.com/y56gtux2
C. OTHER LEARNING RESOURCES: Printed Materials
III. PROCEDURES
A. Reviewing the previous lesson/Presenting the new lesson :
Find the ten (10) words related to communicable disease. Once you
have found them, reveal the secret message using the remaining letters.
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
_________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
________________
1
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
B
A
C
T
E
R
I
A
P
R
R
M
A
L
A
R
I
A
E
I
P
N
E
U
M
O
N
I
A
N
E
U
G
N
E
D
V
E
N
G
F
U
N
G
I
T
I
O
N
W
S
U
R
I
V
I
S
B
E
O
R
E
S
E
R
V
O
I
R
R
T
T
E
R
T
H
A
N
C
M
C
H
I
C
K
E
N
P
O
X
S
C
A
B
I
E
S
U
R
E
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____
____ ____
____ ____ ____ ____
B. Establishing the purpose of the lesson
Disease prevention and control is a very important health concern because it affects the
quality of people’s lives, just like at present that we are affected by a pandemic caused by
the Corona Virus. Covid 19 is an example of a communicable disease. Communicable
diseases, also known as infectious diseases or transmissible diseases, are illnesses that
result from infection. They do not only threaten the sick person but also his/her family and
society in general. Thus, protecting ourselves and our families from disease is both a
personal and social responsibility.
Choose one of the communicable diseases below that you or one of your
family members have experienced. Identify the practices that you
considered in treating such disease.
Communicable Diseases
1. ringworm
2. tuberculosis
3. dog bites
4. diarrhea
5. pneumonia
Common Practices
C. Presenting Examples/Instances of the new lesson
Activity: READ, ANALYZE, AND REACT
Read the short story below and answer the questions that follow. Write
your answer on your paper.
2
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
One summer, my family went to Ilocos for our yearly summer vacation. My daughter liked
the scenery in the backyard and enjoyed playing there with her cousins. At night, my daughter
had a fever so I gave her medicine. In the morning, I saw rashes on her arms so I suspected
measles. I had her occupy another room to prevent cross-infections.
After breakfast, my mother-in-law brought my daughter to the backyard and started
scattering some rice grains while uttering indistinctive words. She took a handful of soil near the
tree where my daughter played and rubbed it on my daughter’s arms, face, and feet. My motherin-law did that because she believed my daughter might have disturbed some spirits in the
backyard while playing yesterday.
Judith Langbayan-Javier
1. Are the rashes the result of some disturbed spirit?
2. Can playing at the backyard harm some spirits?
3. Will scattering some rice around help heal the rashes?
4. Can rubbing the soil in the arms, face, and feet heal the rashes?
5. What can you say about the story?
6. Do you agree with the belief of the mother-in-law? Why or why not?
7. If you were the mother-in-law, what should you do?
8. Have you heard of a similar story?
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens, a microscopic organism with the
ability to cause diseases. They are detected by the body as harmful, resulting in the
activation of immune responses. Some bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoans, and animals like
mites and worms are considered pathogens or disease-causing organisms. They spread
through contact with an infected person, an infected animal, contaminated objects, or
ingestion of contaminated food. They may also spread through air and water, in which case
they are considered airborne and waterborne. They enter the body through breaks in the
skin or the lining of the eyes, nose, ears, mouth, and other body orifices.
When the body contacts an infectious disease, it undergoes five stages of infection.
1.The incubation stage is the time between the exposure to a contagious disease and
the appearance of symptoms. It varies from hours to months, depending on the type of
pathogens. Colds can develop in a few hours.
2.The prodromal stage generally lasts about one or two days, during which the body
reacts to the presence of pathogens. Signs and symptoms of the disease show during
this stage. The disease is now communicable at his stage.
3.The illness stage is the period when the disease is at its highest point that the sign and
symptoms can be clinically tested to diagnose the disease.
4.The declining stage is the period when symptoms start to subside and the patient may
feel improvement but still cannot return to doing normal activities. Infection is still present
but now reduced.
5.The convalescent stage is when the patient recovers his/her strength and return to
his/her normal state of health.
What are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines?
Morbidity refers to the state of being sick or unhealthy while mortality is the number of
death in a population.
Mortality: Ten (10) Leading Causes
Number and Rate/100,000 Population Philippines, 2016
Remainder of diseases of the genitourinary system
Respiratory tuberculosis
Diabetes Mellitus
Cerebrosvascular diseases
Neoplasms
168,858
19,759
24,365
24,462
28,641
33,295
33,452
56,938
57,809
60,470
74,134
TOP 10 Leading causes of Mortality
582,183
3
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/2016_PHILIPPINE-HEALTH-STATISTICS.pdf
Morbidity TOP (10) Leading Causes
Dengue Fever
56,487
Acute Bloody Diarrhea (A09)
57,647
TB Respiratory
87,422
Acute Watery Diarrhea
139,770
Bronchitis
200,176
Influenza
216,074
Urinary Tract Infection**
288,588
Acute Lower Respiratory Tract…
786,085
Hypertension
886,203
Acute Respiratory Infection
3,080,343
https://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/2016_PHILIPPINE-HEALTH-STATISTICS.pdf
TOP LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY
Activity 1: ARRANGE IT
Arrange the stages of infection accordingly. Write the number that
corresponds to each stage.
____The prodromal stage generally lasts about one or two days, during which the body
reacts to the presence of pathogens.
____The convalescent stage is when the patient recovers his/her strength and return
to his/her normal state of health.
____The illness stage is the period when the disease is at its highest point that the sign
and symptoms can be clinically tested to diagnose the disease.
____The incubation stage is the time between the exposure to a contagious disease
and the appearance of symptoms.
____The declining stage is the period when symptoms start to subside and the patient
may feel improvement but still cannot return to doing normal activities, infection is still
present but now reduced.
E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2
Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by viruses or bacteria that people
spread to one another through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, blood
products, insect bites, or through the air.
There are different communicable diseases that people experience now and
then. Knowing these diseases would help you to avoid them.
Disease:
Acute Respiratory Infections – It is an infection in the upper or lower respiratory tract that
prevents normal breathing.
Infectious Agents:
- Adenoviruses
- Rhinoviruses
- Pneumococcus
Signs and Symptoms:
watery eyes, runny and stuffy nose, sneezing, coughing, and sore throat. headache, body
ache, fatigue, and slight fever can also be noted.
Treatments or Managements:
- Rest well.
- Drink plenty of water and liquids to prevent dehydration.
- Consult a doctor especially if you are already experiencing a fever.
- Cough and cold medications can be taken to reduce symptoms.
Prevention and Control:
- Wash hands frequently.
- Avoid contact with other people.
- Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when sneezing or coughing. Dispose tissue right
away.
- Use facemask always.
4
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
Disease:
Pneumonia- It is an infection of the lungs wherein the air sac or the alveoli are filled with
pus and fluid which limit oxygen intake
Infectious Agent:
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
Signs and Symptoms:
Cough, sweat, fever, chills, chest pain, headache, muscle ache, nausea and vomiting, green
bloodstain sputum/phlegm
Treatments or Managements:
- Different types of treatment depend on the kind of pneumonia you are battling with.
- See a doctor immediately if the fever becomes very high and you experience shortness of
breath.
- Treat with antibiotics.
- Hospitalization for severe cases and cases in infants.
- Give plenty of liquids.
Prevention and Control:
-Get the flu vaccine each year.
1. -Get the pneumococcal vaccine.
-Practice good hygiene.
-Don't smoke.
-Practice a healthy lifestyle.
-Avoid sick people.
Disease:
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the air passages between the nose
and the lungs
Infectious Agent:
- viruses
- bacteria
- irritant particles
Signs and Symptoms:
Persistent coughs lasting for weeks, wheezing, chest discomfort, low fever and chills, sore
throat, body aches, blocked nose, and sinuses
The face may look bluish due to lack of oxygen.
Treatments or Managements:
- Take a rest.
- Take medications for cough and pains.
- Drink fluids
- Take antibiotics (for bacterial infection).
- Breathe warm and moist air.
Prevention and Control:
- Avoid smoking and avoid polluted environment
- Warm dry air is also recommended to make breathing easier.
Disease:
Influenza (flu) is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system
Infectious Agent:
Flu virus (Type A, B, C)
Signs and Symptoms:
Sudden onset of high fever lasting for three to five days;
Headache, muscle ache and joint pains; dry cough; chills; fatigue; malaise(not feeling well),
nasal congestion
Treatments or Managements:
- Bed rest
- A pain reliever can also be taken to help relieve aches and pain.
- Take plenty of fluids,
- In severe cases, antiviral medications are prescribed.
Prevention and Control:
- Get flu shots every year to avoid getting infected by the influenza virus.
- Wash hands with soap and water or use hand sanitizer.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze.
- Don't touch your face with unwashed hands. It’s the easiest way for germs to enter your body.
- Smiling and laughing can help boost your immune system.
- Eat healthy and balanced meals to strengthen your immune system.
- Exercise boosts your immune system.
- Stay home until your fever is gone for 24 hours without using fever-reducing medicine
5
Grade 8: Health
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Disease:
Tuberculosis is an infectious bacterial disease that commonly affects the lungs and is
spread by droplet infection
Infectious Agent:
Bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Signs and Symptoms:
Cough that is worse in the morning and lasts for three weeks or longer (sometimes with
blood in the sputum) chest pain, breathlessness, night sweats, signs of pneumonia, weight
loss, weakness, and fatigue
Treatments or Managements:
Standard six to nine-month course of three to four antibiotics
Prevention and Control:
- Eating a well-balanced diet and getting adequate rest during treatment is also helpful.
- Always cover your mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Seal the tissue in a
plastic bag, then throw it away
- Wash your hands after coughing or sneezing.
Disease:
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease mostly occurring in tropical and sub-tropical areas.
Infectious Agent:
Dengue virus (four strains)
Signs and Symptoms:
Fever up to 41°C, headaches, muscles, bone, joint pain, pain behind your eyes. Widespread
rash, nausea and vomiting, minor bleeding from your gums or nose.
Treatments or Managements:
- rest
- drink plenty of fluids
- pain medications can be taken except for those that may increase bleeding complications
- hospitalization is needed in severe cases.
Prevention and Control:
- Use mosquito nets.
- Remove stagnant water where mosquitoes can breed.
- Apply insect repellent.
Disease:
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI’s) - these are infections that can be acquired
predominantly through unprotected sexual contact. Examples are chlamydia, gonorrhea,
syphilis, and herpes
Infectious Agent:
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- protozoa
Signs and Symptoms:
Unusual discharge from the penis, vagina, or anus; pain during sex or urination; sores,
blisters, ulcers, warts or rashes in the genital area; fever or flu-like symptoms; abnormal or
unusual vaginal bleeding; pain in the scrotum or testicles; lumps and bumps on the genitals.
Treatments or Managements:
antibacterial and antiviral
Prevention and Control:
- abstinence
- don’t do drugs & don’t share needles
- Be mutually faithful to your partner.
- dducation & Early Diagnosis
- correct & consistent use of condom
Disease:
HIV and AIDS
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a chronic life-threatening condition caused
by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV weakens the immune system by
destroying important cells that fight diseases and infections. AIDS is the final stage of HIV
Infection.
Infectious Agent:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Signs and Symptoms:
6
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
- fever and night sweat, feeling very tired, quick weight loss, headache, enlarged lymph
nodes, diarrhea, vomiting, and upset stomach, genital or anal sores, dry cough, rash or flaky
skin, short term memory loss.
Treatments or Managements:
There is no treatment, but there are medications that can slow down the progress of the
disease.
Prevention and Control:
- Abstinence is the best decision one can make in safeguarding sexual health
- not sharing needles
- not touching blood
- get vaccinated
- having only one partner (monogamy)
How are communicable diseases prevented?
Good personal habits guard you against pathogens and prevent you from
spreading infectious disease. There are several ways that you must follow and practice
to prevent you from acquiring diseases. Try this way of remembering the most important
steps to staying well.
WASH CAMP
 Wash your hands regularly. Our hands are a good environment for infectious
agents. The infection is transmitted to others when we shake hands. So, wash
your hands often with soap and water, for at least 20 seconds.
 Avoid sharing personal belongings like towels, utensils, and cups with other
people as they can transfer pathogens from one person to another.
 Stay and rest at home if you do not feel well. If you feel unwell with cold
symptoms, cough, or fever, you should try to avoid contact with other people.
 Handle and prepare foods hygienically. Food can carry germs. Wash hands,
utensils, and surfaces often when preparing any food, especially raw meat.
Always wash fruits and vegetables. Cook and keep foods at proper
temperatures. Don't leave food out, refrigerate promptly.
 Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing. When you cough or sneeze, you
spread tiny droplets containing infectious agents. If you cough or sneeze into
your elbow or paper tissue, you can prevent the infection from spreading to
people around you or from contaminating your hands. Always put used tissues
into the bin and wash your hands afterward.
 Avoid close contact with sick people and animals. Be cautious around wild
animals as they can spread infectious diseases to you and your pets.
 Make sure you get vaccinated. Vaccines can prevent many infectious
diseases. There are vaccines for children and adults designed to protect against
many communicable diseases.
 Properly disinfect and clean surfaces like toilet bowls, sink, etc. Germs can live
on surfaces. Cleaning with soap and water is usually enough. However, you
should disinfect your bathroom and kitchen regularly. Disinfect other areas if
someone in the house is ill.
Activity 2: NAME AND IDENTIFY
Name at least three (3) diseases that you know and identify the
pathogenic agent that caused such disease.
Example: Disease: COVID 19
Pathogen: SARS-COV-2
F. Developing Mastery (Leads to Formative Assessment)
PICK AND PUT YOUR CHOICES
Discuss the stages of infection by putting the signs and symptoms
below in their respective columns. Copy the table on your paper.
7
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
Incubation Stage
Illness Stage
CHOICES:
Length of recovery
depends on the
severity of the
infection and the
patient’s general
state of health; take
several days to
months.
Chickenpox, 2-3
weeks Common
cold, 1-2 days
Influenza, 1-3 days
Mumps, 15-18 days
Prodromal Stage
Malaise, low-grade
fever, fatigue
Convalescence Stage
Common cold
manifested by sore
throat, sinus
congestion, rhinitis,
mumps manifested
by earache.
G. Finding a practical application of concepts and skills in daily living
SMALL TALK
Write a dialogue in each comic strip to show your response in each
situation.Copy the illustration on your paper.
1.Your brothers and sisters are not wearing facemask when they leave the house. How
will you encourage them to be aware of communicable diseases such as covid 19?
2.Your younger brother has colds. He is nine years old. He keeps coughing and
sneezing at the dinner table and you notice that he just sneezed right into your dinner
plate.
H. Generalization
PAUSE AND REFLECT
After learning about the stages of infections and the most common
communicable diseases, complete the statements below.
8
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
The things I learned today about the most common communicable
diseases are…
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
The things I found interesting about the signs and symptoms of
communicable diseases are…
1. ____________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
I realized that the effect of communicable diseases…
______________________________________________________
I.
Evaluating Learning
A. MATCHY-MATCHY
Discuss the most common communicable diseases by matching them with their
respective descriptions. Write the letter of your choice on your paper.
A
1. Acute Respiratory Infection
2. Bronchitis
3. Dengue Fever
4. Influenza
5. Pneumonia
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
B
It is a condition that prevents people from breathing normally.
It is a term used to describe the inflammation of the lungs.
It is a viral infection of the respiratory tract.
It is a viral infection of the respiratory system
It is an infection that causes the mucous membrane lining of
the bronchi or airways of the lungs to become inflamed.
B. DISEASE DETECTIVE
Identify the common communicable disease which is described by following signs and
symptoms. Choose the letter of the correct answer from the box below.
A. Bronchitis
B. Dengue
C. HIV and AIDS
D. Sexually Transmitted Infections
E. Tuberculosis
__________6. unusual discharge from the penis vagina, or anus
__________7. fever up to 41°C, headaches, muscles, bone, joint pain, pain behind your eyes.
__________8. cough that is worse in the morning and lasts for three weeks or longer
sometimes with blood in the sputum.
__________9. fever and night sweat, feeling very tired, quick weight loss, headache, enlarged
lymph nodes.
__________10.persistent cough especially in the morning, mild fever, and upper chest pain that
worsen when one cough.
C. DRAW THE LINE
Create a poster showing your ways on how to prevent disease transmission. Make a
brief explanation of your work.
9
3rd Quarter: Week 7
Grade 8: Health
Rubric for Poster-Making
Criteria
Presentation
Creativity
Craftsmansh
ip and effort
5
4
3
The poster has a good
mix of all items
(drawings, colors,
quotes, words, etc).
The student’s personal
vision/ideas come
through.
The poster has a good
mix of some items
(drawings, colors,
quotes, words, etc).
The student’s personal
vision/ideas are
present in parts of the
work.
The student rushes
through some parts of
the project.
The poster has a good mix
of a few items (drawings,
colors, quotes, words,
etc).
The student has not made
many attempts to meet the
requirements of the
assignment
The project is partially
finished or done very
poorly.
Neatness, effort, and
craftsmanship are
evident in the project.
J. Additional activities for application or remediation
Analyze the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the
Philippines and complete the statement below to express
your opinion on how to reduce the increasing rate.
If I were the Secretary of the Department of Health, I will …
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10