PSYCHIATRIC NURSING | SY 2022-23
Care of Clients with Maladaptive Patterns of Behaviour
2.
CHILD & ADOLESCENT
DISORDER
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MENTAL RETARDATION
Refers to significantly subaverage general
intellectual functioning
LEVELS OF MENTAL RETARDATION
SX .
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3.
LEARNING D/O
Learning problems interfere with academic
achievement and life activities
Dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia
MOTOR SKILLS D/O
Development
coordination
disorder
impairment in the development of motor
coordination
Not d/t medical condition
Marked delays (walking, crawling, sitting)
COMMUNICATION D/O
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Expressive language D/0
Difficulties
with
the
expressive
language interfere with academic or
occupational achievement or with
social communication
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Phonological D/O
Failure
to
use
developmentally
expected
speech
sounds
that
appropriate for the age
●
Stuttering
Disturbance in the normal fluency
and time patterning of speech that is
inappropriate for the individuals age
repetitions /prolongations of sounds
Monosyllabic whole word repetitions
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT DISORDER
a) Autism spectrum disorder
b) Impairment in several areas of development
Reciprocal social interaction skills
Communication skills
TYPES .
1. AUTISTIC D/O
Onset prior to age 3 years
Males
Average or above average intelligence
SX .
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Qualitative impairment in social interaction
Restricted repetitive and stereotyped pattern
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of behaviours
CAUSES ( genetic, prenatal environment, perinatal
environment, postnatal environmental )
SX .
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4.
SX .
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RETTS D/O
Rare
genetic
neurological
and
developmental disorder that affects
the way brain develops, progressive
inability to use muscles for eye and
body movements and speech
Almost exclusive in girls
5 months
Genetic D/O
Slowing of head growth
Muscles and coordination problem
Loses any purposeful use of her hands
Stops talking and develops extreme social
anxiety and withdrawal or disinterest in other
people
CHILDHOOD DISINTEGRATIVE D/0
HELLERS SYNDROME
Rare, childs developed normally until
2 years, then demonstrate a severe
loss of social, communication
3-4 years
Child
loses
(communication,
nonverbal)
Delay or lack of spoken language
Impairment in nonverbal behaviors
Inability to start or maintain a conversation
Lack of play
Loss of bowel and bladder control
Loss of language or communication skills
Loss of motor skills
Loss of social skills
Problems forming relationships with other
children and family members
ASPERGERS D/O
A pervasive developmental disorder
by the same impairment of social
interaction and restricted stereotyped
behaviors seen in autistic disorder.
No language or cognitive delays
A rare disorder
Problems with social skills
Eccentric or repetitive behaviors
Unusual preoccupations or rituals – Ex: getting
dressed in a specific order
Communication difficulties
Limited range of interests
Coordination problems
Skilled or talented
ATTENTION DEFICIT AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR
DISORDERS
INATTENTIVENESS
HYPERACTIVITY
IMPULSIVENESS
➔
➔
Occurs before age 7 y/o: BOYS
Hereditary, Early alteration of embryonic
development,
Maternal
alcohol
intake,
Pregnancy
or
perinatal
problems,
Environmental
influence,
Nutritional
deficiencies, Lead poisoning
25
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING | SY 2022-23
Care of Clients with Maladaptive Patterns of Behaviour
CAUSES .
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Genetic Factors
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Organic factors - brain damage
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Biochemical factors
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Psychosocial Factors child abuse
a dysfunctional family
parents who abuse drugs or alcohol
Poverty
Parental rejection
-
SX .
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CONDUCT D/O
persistent antisocial behavior in children and
adolescents that significantly impairs their
ability to function in social, academic or
occupational areas
Aggression to people and animals
Destruction of property
Deceitfulness & Theft
Serious violation of rules
Types of Conduct Disorder
a)
b)
TREATMENT .
a. Drugs may include:
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Anticonvulsants
●
Lithium
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Antipsychotics
b. Psychotherapy
c. Guidance and counselling
Social skill training
Role playing
Modelling
Shaping of behavior
Childhood- onset type occurs when the signs
of conduct disorder appear before age 10
Adolescent onset type occurs when the signs
of conduct disorder appear during the
teenage years
CONDUCT DISORDER CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS:
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Mild
-
Minor harm to others - Example: lying,
truancy, staying out late without
permission
Moderate
Conduct
problems
increases
Example: vandalism and theft
Severe
considerable harm to others Example: Forced sex, cruelty to
animals, use of weapon, burglary and
robbery
Manzano, Audrey Alexis