The Nexus Between the Transport and Electricity Sectors
Dr. Roland Roesch
Deputy Director – IRENA Innovation and Technology Centre
Sun World 2019; ISA Workshop Electromobility
Lima, Peru
12. Novemberr 2019
Global Stock of Electric Vehicles
Cumulative Number of PEV registered
Market for Battery Electric Vehicles
(BEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric
Vehicles (PHEV):
Source: Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg (ZSW)
•
China leads, followed by the USA
•
Norway, France, UK, Netherlands
and Germany at the front in
Europe
New Registration of Electric Vehicles in
EU+EFTA+Turkey
EV Market Share
New Registrations
% of sales
Source: European Alternative Fuels Observatory
Top 5 Countries EV Market Share
New Registrations in 2019
2.8%
% of sales
54%
Public Charging Points per Plug-in EV in
EU+EFTA+Turkey
Plug-in EV (PEV) per Public Charging Point
Top 5 Countries
Number Of Public Charging Points in 2019
8:1
• Trend towards less public charging points (PCP) per Plug-in EV (PEV)
• PEV / PCP ratio today around 8:1
Source: European Alternative Fuels Observatory
Innovations to integrate solar PV and Wind –
EV smart charging
Free download of report at:
https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Fe
b/Innovation-landscape-for-a-renewablepowered-future
Smart charging for EVs
EV decarbonise power sector
Batteries in EVs can provide
flexibility to the power system
Flexible power system can
integrate more VRE and charge
EVs with RE
VRE decarbonise transport sector
Smart Charging is key to unleash synergies between clean transport and low-carbon electricity
6
Download the free report here: https://irena.org/publications/2019/May/Innovation-Outlook-Smart-Charging
Smart charging makes EVs a source of flexibility for
power systems- facilitating integration of VRE
Source: IRENA (2019) Innovation Outlook: Smart charging for Electric Vehicles
7
Impact of smart charging on solar PV and
wind integration
Electric vehicles have small impact on energy
demand but larger impact on peak load
Different impact of EV charging in a wind or solar
PV dominated power system
Smart charging cuts peak load, reduces
curtailment and allows higher shares of low-cost PV
and wind electricity
Flexibility services to be provided by EVs –
innovation in business models and regulation
Regulation:
• Time-of-use tariffs
• Need for flexibility markets at
low-voltage level (e.g.
congestion)
• EVs bidding multiple services in
ancillary markets
• Reward performance and
capacity
• Avoid double levies and fees
(charging and discharging)
Business models:
• Aggregator business models
crucial to reach trade capacity
• Consider car owner priorities type of grid services with high
revenue but also preserve
car/battery (‘on-call’ service)
Source: IRENA (2019) Innovation Outlook: Smart charging for Electric Vehicles
Slow or Fast/Ultra-fast charging – considerations for
energy and urban planning
Slow charging better suited for smart-charging than fast charging
10
Source: IRENA (2019) Innovation Outlook: Smart charging for Electric Vehicles
Full potential of smart charging needs > 90% of
charging at home and work
Question to EV owners in Norway: “How often do you charge…”
Charging approaches more compatible with smart charging
Source: Norwegian EV Association (2017) Charging infrastructure experiences in Norway - the worlds most advanced EV market
•
Full potential of smart charging
-> At least two charging points
per PEV (at home and at work)
•
Influence of population
density/housing type
•
Most EV owners in detached
housing charge at home or
public charging stations.
•
Most EV owners in apartment
buildings would charge at fast
charging stations or normal
public charging stations.
•
Need to understand
implications on investments at
home and public charging
Investments in distribution grids – the case of
Germany
• According to Agora,
around 35 billion EUR (6
million EVs) or 72 billion EUR
(15 million EVs) investments
in distribution grids by 2030
without smart charging.
• Smart charging may save
40% to 50% of those
investments.
Investment in billion EUR
Projections to 2030
Savings due to
smart charging
Savings due to
smart charging
Scenario 1
6 million EVs
Source: Agora (2019) Verteilnetzausbau für die Energiewende
Scenario 2
15 million EVs
Uncontrolled charging (mid-voltage)
Controlled charging (mid-voltage)
Uncontrolled charging (low-voltage)
Controlled charging (mid-voltage)
Impact of smart charging on grid
infrastructure
Case study: EV impact on Hamburg’s distribution grid
Stromnetz Hamburg assessment: 9% EV share (60,000 EVs) would cause
bottlenecks in 15% of the feeders in the city’s distribution network
Option A: Grid reinforcement solution
•Reinforcing ~ 10 000 km of 0.4 kV cable lines, replacing trasformers
•Construction works for many months, closing of roads
•Estimated investment: 20 million EUR
Option B: Smart digital solution
•Decrease the simultaneity. All charging points need to be visible by the DSO.
•A real-time communication system enables the DSO to reduce charging point
loads.
•Estimated Investment: 2 million EUR
Source: IRENA (2019) Innovation Outlook: Smart charging for Electric Vehicles
90% grid
investment
savings with
smart solution
13 guiding points for policymakers
Source: IRENA (2019) Innovation Outlook:
Smart charging for Electric Vehicles
Thank you
Free download at:
www.irena.org/publications
Contact our analysts:
Francisco Boshell
fboshell@irena.org